EP0855961A1 - Combined protractor, compass, ruler and set square device - Google Patents

Combined protractor, compass, ruler and set square device

Info

Publication number
EP0855961A1
EP0855961A1 EP96933473A EP96933473A EP0855961A1 EP 0855961 A1 EP0855961 A1 EP 0855961A1 EP 96933473 A EP96933473 A EP 96933473A EP 96933473 A EP96933473 A EP 96933473A EP 0855961 A1 EP0855961 A1 EP 0855961A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
branch
transverse element
circle
instrument
graduations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96933473A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Félix Folivi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FOLIVI, FELIX
Original Assignee
Folivi Felix
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Folivi Felix filed Critical Folivi Felix
Publication of EP0855961A1 publication Critical patent/EP0855961A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L9/00—Circular curve-drawing or like instruments
    • B43L9/02—Compasses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L7/00—Straightedges
    • B43L7/10—Plural straightedges relatively movable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L9/00—Circular curve-drawing or like instruments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L9/00—Circular curve-drawing or like instruments
    • B43L9/007—Circular curve-drawing or like instruments with perforated or marked rulers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to composite drawing instruments, which can combine in a single instrument several elementary instruments, such as a ruler, a compass, a square and a protractor.
  • the present invention is placed in this context and aims to provide a composite drawing instrument, which is compact, which is easy to transport and use, and which allows to draw circles having any desired radius.
  • the subject of the present invention is a drawing instrument, comprising at least one branch forming a graduated ruler for drawing straight line segments and for measuring lengths, the branch comprising means for locating the center of a circle and means for cooperating with a writing instrument intended to trace the circumference of this circle, a transverse element being arranged perpendicular to the branch to form a square.
  • the transverse element forms with the branch a protractor for measuring or drawing angles of any value.
  • the transverse element is supported by a cursor capable of sliding along the branch and of being immobilized relative to this branch.
  • the transverse element and the branch have graduations proportional to trigonometric functions.
  • the branch has graduations proportional to the trigonometric cosine function
  • the transverse element has graduations proportional to the trigonometric sine function
  • the drawing instrument may comprise a second branch, the first branch and the second branch being articulated Tune on the other by their ends.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along line D-D of Figure 4;
  • - Figure 4 shows a plan view of a second embodiment of a drawing instrument according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of part of the transverse element of the instrument of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 7 shows a plan view of one of the branches of the instrument of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional view along line A-A of Figure 7;
  • - Figure 9 shows a plan view of the single branch of the instrument of Figure 4;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the method of obtaining the graduations carried on one of the branches of the instrument of Figures 1 or 4;
  • - Figures 11 and 11A respectively show plan and sectional views of the yoke of the drawing instrument shown in Figure 1;
  • Figures 12 and 12A respectively show plan and sectional views of a branch of the drawing instrument shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 13 shows a sectional view along line B-B of Figure 12A, and showing the pencil support device of the drawing instrument of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 14 and 14 A respectively show plan and sectional views of a transverse element equipping the drawing instrument of Figure 1;
  • - Figures 15 and 15A respectively show plan and sectional views of a cursor fitted to the drawing instrument of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 16 shows a plan view of the transverse element of the instrument of Figures 1 or 4;
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the method of obtaining the graduations carried on one of the branches of the instrument of Figures 1 or 4;
  • FIG. 21 represents two proportionality curves between the graduations carried on one of the branches and on the associated transverse element, and the trigonometric values of the angles corresponding to these graduations;
  • FIG. 23 illustrates the method of measuring or drawing any angle with the protractor of the measuring instrument of Figures 1 or 4;
  • the drawing instrument comprises two rectilinear branches 10 and 6, articulated Tune to each other by their ends 14 by means of a pivot 11.
  • the branch 10 is provided, at its end opposite the end 14, with a support device 8, for a pencil 9, shown in more detail in FIG. 13.
  • the support 8 is a usual system with a nut blocking the pencil and allowing the pencil to be placed against this branch 10, so that the pencil 9 is parallel to the plane of a sheet on which the instrument is placed.
  • the branch 10 is, in addition, graduated on one and / or the other of its edges in units of length, for example in centimeters, in order to be able to serve as a graduated ruler.
  • the branch 6 is provided, at its end opposite the end 14, with a support device for a dry point 2, which can be immobilized by a nut 3. It may advantageously be provided that the dry point is retractable inside of branch 6, so as to protect the latter from shocks, and to protect the user when the dry point is not used.
  • the branch 6 is formed with a projection or a longitudinal rib 1 along which is slidable a slider 5, shown in more detail in Figures 2, 15 and 15A.
  • the cursor 5 can be immobilized on the longitudinal rib 1 by means of a screw 15, and it supports a transverse element 4, shown in more detail in Figures 2, 14 and 14A.
  • the transverse element 4 can be immobilized on the cursor 5 by means of a nut 16 cooperating with the rod of the screw 15, a washer 17 which can be interposed between the transverse element 4 and the cursor 5.
  • a longitudinal shoulder 7 serving as a guide for transverse element 4.
  • the branch 10 serves as a graduated ruler for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths.
  • the two branches 6 and 10, provided respectively with the dry point 2 and the pencil 9, serve in the manner of a compass for drawing circles of any radius.
  • branch 6 and transverse element 4 serve as protractor, for measuring angles as will be explained.
  • the branch 6 is formed with two graduations symmetrical with respect to the center W of the branch 6.
  • the point W is intended to form the center of the protractor, and it is intended to be placed at the top of the angle which it is desired to measure.
  • a spoke 20 is articulated on the branch 6, so as to pivot on the latter about an axis passing through the point W.
  • This spoke 20 may consist of a thin blade, which can pivot 180 degrees around the point W .
  • the points of this graduation represent the orthogonal projections of the points of a circle with center W , of radius taken as a unit by assumption, these points being spaced by arcs of a circle of constant value, 10 degrees by way of illustration in the example represented in Figure 18.
  • the points of the graduation of branch 6 thus form a progression trigonometric, and are proportional to the cosine of the angle to be measured, the proportionality ratio being equal to the radius of the original circle, as shown on the curve in Figure 21, which is linear.
  • Transverse element 4 is formed with graduations representing the orthogonal projections of the points of a circle of center W, of radius taken as unit by assumption, these points being spaced by arcs of circle of constant value, 10 degrees in the example shown in Figure 18.
  • the points of the graduation of transverse element 4 thus form a trigonometric progression, and are proportional to the sine of the angle to be measured, the proportionality ratio being equal to the radius of the original circle , as shown on the curve in Figure 21, which is linear.
  • This single branch 6 is rectilinear, and has on one of its edges a graduation 10 in units of length, so as to serve as a ruler for drawing line segments and for measuring lengths.
  • the transverse element 4 is mounted on this branch 6 in the same way as in the previous embodiment, that is to say by means of a cursor 5 capable of moving along a straight rib or projection 1.
  • the assembly consisting of branch 6 and of transverse element 4 forms a square for tracing right angles.
  • This set also forms a protractor for measuring or for drawing angles, in the same way as for the previous embodiment.
  • Transverse element 4 which is formed with an opening 21 intended to receive the pencil 9.
  • the opening 21 is crossed laterally by one or two screws 22 intended to block the pencil 9 in this opening 21, each screw 22 being provided at its end penetrating into the opening 21 of a part in the form of a portion of a cylinder to repel the pencil 9.
  • An oblong opening 18 is made in the central part of the branch 6 to allow the pencil 9 to be moved in this oblong opening 18.
  • a groove 19 is made in the branch 6 to form a housing for the dry point 2 and / or for the pencil 9, a flap 25 ( Figure 9) which can cover this groove to protect the element or elements it contains.
  • a dry point 2 can be disposed removably at
  • a composite drawing instrument has therefore been produced, which is compact, since it comprises only one branch, or two branches which can be brought closer to each other to facilitate the transport of the instrument.
  • This instrument is easy to whatever its configuration, use to draw line segments, right angles and circles of any radius, as well as to measure and draw angles of any value.

Abstract

A composite drawing instrument comprising at least one arm (6) for use as a graduated ruler for drawing straight lines or measuring lengths. The arm (6) comprises means (2) for finding the centre of a circle and means (9, 11) that may be combined with a writing instrument to draw the circumference of the circle. A transverse member (4) perpendicular to the arm (6) forms a set square. Said transverse member (4) and said arm (6) together form a protractor for measuring or drawing angles of all sizes.

Description

DISPOSITIF SYNTHETISANT UN RAPPORTEUR, UN COMPAS, UNE REGLE ET UNE EQUERRE DEVICE SYNTHESIZING A REPORTER, A COMPASS, A RULER AND A SQUARE
La présente invention concerne les instruments de dessin composites, pouvant réunir en un seul instrument plusieurs instruments élémentaires, tels que une règle, un compas, une équerre et un rapporteur.The present invention relates to composite drawing instruments, which can combine in a single instrument several elementary instruments, such as a ruler, a compass, a square and a protractor.
De tels instruments composites sont déjà connus, par exemple, des documents US-A-5 497 558, FR-A-2 617 440 ou FR-A-2 705Such composite instruments are already known, for example, documents US-A-5,497,558, FR-A-2,617,440 or FR-A-2,705
280. Ces documents divulguent des instruments qui sont soit encombrants, soit d'un maniement complexe, ou encore qui ne permettent que de tracer des cercles ayant pour rayons des valeurs discrètes.280. These documents disclose instruments which are either bulky or complex to handle, or which only allow the drawing of circles having discrete values as radii.
La présente invention se place dans ce contexte et a pour objet de proposer un instrument de dessin composite, qui soit peu encombrant, qui soit facile à transporter et à utiliser, et qui permette de tracer des cercles ayant tout rayon voulu.The present invention is placed in this context and aims to provide a composite drawing instrument, which is compact, which is easy to transport and use, and which allows to draw circles having any desired radius.
Dans ce but, la présente invention a pour objet un instrument de dessin, comportant au moins une branche formant règle graduée pour tracer des segments de droite et pour mesurer des longueurs, la branche comportant des moyens pour repérer le centre d'un cercle et des moyens pour coopérer avec un instrument à écrire destiné à tracer la circonférence de ce cercle, un élément transversal étant disposé perpendiculairement à la branche pour former une équerre. Selon l'invention, l'élément transversal forme avec la branche un rapporteur pour mesurer ou tracer des angles de valeur quelconque.To this end, the subject of the present invention is a drawing instrument, comprising at least one branch forming a graduated ruler for drawing straight line segments and for measuring lengths, the branch comprising means for locating the center of a circle and means for cooperating with a writing instrument intended to trace the circumference of this circle, a transverse element being arranged perpendicular to the branch to form a square. According to the invention, the transverse element forms with the branch a protractor for measuring or drawing angles of any value.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément transversal est supporté par un curseur susceptible de coulisser le long de la branche et d'être immobilisé par rapport à cette branche.According to a characteristic of the invention, the transverse element is supported by a cursor capable of sliding along the branch and of being immobilized relative to this branch.
De façon préférentielle, l'élément transversal et la branche comportent des graduations proportionnelles à des fonctions trigonométriques.Preferably, the transverse element and the branch have graduations proportional to trigonometric functions.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, la branche comporte des graduations proportionnelles à la fonction trigonométrique cosinus, et l'élément transversal comporte des graduations proportionnelles à la fonction trigonométrique sinus.According to an advantageous embodiment, the branch has graduations proportional to the trigonometric cosine function, and the transverse element has graduations proportional to the trigonometric sine function.
En variante, on pourra prévoir que l'instrument de dessin comporte une deuxième branche, la première branche et la deuxième branche étant articulées Tune sur l'autre par leurs extrémités.As a variant, provision may be made for the drawing instrument to comprise a second branch, the first branch and the second branch being articulated Tune on the other by their ends.
Dans ce cas, on pourra également prévoir que les moyens pour coopérer avec un instrument à écrire destiné à tracer la circonférence du cercle soient formés sur la deuxième branche.In this case, provision may also be made for the means for cooperating with a writing instrument intended to trace the circumference of the circle to be formed on the second branch.
D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation donné à titre illustratif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels: - La Figure 1 est une vue en plan d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un instrument de dessin réalisé conformément à la présente invention; - La Figure 2 représente une vue en coupe selon la ligne C-C de la Figure 1;Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly from the following description of an exemplary embodiment given by way of illustration, with reference to the appended drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a drawing instrument produced in accordance with the present invention; - Figure 2 shows a sectional view along the line CC of Figure 1;
- La Figure 3 représente une vue en coupe selon la ligne D-D de la Figure 4; - La Figure 4 représente une vue en plan d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un instrument de dessin selon la présente invention;- Figure 3 shows a sectional view along line D-D of Figure 4; - Figure 4 shows a plan view of a second embodiment of a drawing instrument according to the present invention;
- La Figure 5 représente une vue détaillée d'une partie de l'élément transversal de l'instrument de la Figure 4;- Figure 5 shows a detailed view of part of the transverse element of the instrument of Figure 4;
- La Figure 6 représente un exemple de réalisation d'une graduation;- Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a graduation;
- La Figure 7 représente une vue en plan d'une des branches de l'instrument de la Figure 1;- Figure 7 shows a plan view of one of the branches of the instrument of Figure 1;
- La Figure 8 représente une vue en coupe selon la ligne A-A de la Figure 7; - La Figure 9 représente une vue en plan de la branche unique de l'instrument de la Figure 4;- Figure 8 shows a sectional view along line A-A of Figure 7; - Figure 9 shows a plan view of the single branch of the instrument of Figure 4;
- La Figure 10 est un schéma illustrant le mode d'obtention des graduations portées sur Tune des branches de l'instrument des Figures 1 ou 4; - Les Figures 11 et 11A représentent respectivement des vues en plan et en coupe de la chape de l'instrument de dessin représenté sur la Figure 1;- Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating the method of obtaining the graduations carried on one of the branches of the instrument of Figures 1 or 4; - Figures 11 and 11A respectively show plan and sectional views of the yoke of the drawing instrument shown in Figure 1;
- Les Figures 12 et 12A représentent respectivement des vues en plan et en coupe d'une branche de l'instrument de dessin représenté sur la Figure 1;- Figures 12 and 12A respectively show plan and sectional views of a branch of the drawing instrument shown in Figure 1;
- La Figure 13 représente une vue en coupe selon la ligne B-B de la Figure 12A, et représentant le dispositif de support de crayon de l'instrument de dessin de la Figure 1;- Figure 13 shows a sectional view along line B-B of Figure 12A, and showing the pencil support device of the drawing instrument of Figure 1;
- Les Figures 14 et 14 A représentent respectivement des vues en plan et en coupe d'un élément transversal équipant l'instrument de dessin de la Figure 1; - Les Figures 15 et 15A représentent respectivement des vues en plan et en coupe d'un curseur équipant l'instrument de dessin de la Figure 1;- Figures 14 and 14 A respectively show plan and sectional views of a transverse element equipping the drawing instrument of Figure 1; - Figures 15 and 15A respectively show plan and sectional views of a cursor fitted to the drawing instrument of Figure 1;
- La Figure 16 représente une vue en plan de Télément transversal de l'instrument des Figures 1 ou 4;- Figure 16 shows a plan view of the transverse element of the instrument of Figures 1 or 4;
- La Figure 17 représente divers éléments de la pointe sèche utilisée dans l'instrument de la Figure 4;- Figure 17 shows various elements of the dry point used in the instrument of Figure 4;
- La Figure 18 est un schéma illustrant le mode d'obtention des graduations portées sur Tune des branches de l'instrument des Figures 1 ou 4;- Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating the method of obtaining the graduations carried on one of the branches of the instrument of Figures 1 or 4;
- Les Figures 19, 20 et 20A représentent les graduations portées sur Tune des branches et sur Télément transversal de l'instrument de la Figure 1, ces graduations étant simples;- Figures 19, 20 and 20A show the graduations carried on one of the branches and on the transverse element of the instrument of Figure 1, these graduations being simple;
- La Figure 21 représente deux courbes de proportionnalité entre les graduations portées sur Tune des branches et sur Télément transversal associé, et les valeurs trigonométriques des angles correspondant à ces graduations;FIG. 21 represents two proportionality curves between the graduations carried on one of the branches and on the associated transverse element, and the trigonometric values of the angles corresponding to these graduations;
- La Figure 22 représente deux courbes donnant les valeurs des fonctions trigonométriques sinus et cosinus en fonction des valeurs des angles;- Figure 22 represents two curves giving the values of the trigonometric functions sine and cosine according to the values of the angles;
- La Figure 23 illustre la méthode de mesure ou de tracé d'un angle quelconque avec le rapporteur de l'instrument de mesure des Figures 1 ou 4;- Figure 23 illustrates the method of measuring or drawing any angle with the protractor of the measuring instrument of Figures 1 or 4;
- La Figure 24 représente les graduations portées sur une branche de l'instrument de la Figure 1, ainsi que sur Télément transversal associé, ces graduations étant doubles.- Figure 24 represents the graduations carried on a branch of the instrument of Figure 1, as well as on the associated transverse element, these graduations being double.
En référence aux Figures 1 et 2, on voit que l'instrument de dessin comporte deux branches rectilignes 10 et 6, articulées Tune sur l'autre par leurs extrémités 14 au moyen d'un pivot 11. Le pivotReferring to Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that the drawing instrument comprises two rectilinear branches 10 and 6, articulated Tune to each other by their ends 14 by means of a pivot 11. The pivot
11 tourilionne librement dans une chape 12, représentée plus en détail sur les Figures 11 et 11A, et solidaire d'un organe de manoeuvre 13. La branche 10 est munie, à son extrémité opposée à l'extrémité 14, d'un dispositif de support 8, pour un crayon 9, représenté plus en détail sur la Figure 13. Le support 8 est un système usuel avec un écrou bloquant le crayon et permettant le placage du crayon contre cette branche 10, de telle façon que le crayon 9 soit parallèle au plan d'une feuille sur laquelle l'instrument est posé. La branche 10 est, de plus, graduée sur l'un et/ou l'autre de ses bords en unités de longueur, par exemple en centimètres, pour pouvoir servir de règle graduée.11 freely rotates in a yoke 12, shown in more detail in FIGS. 11 and 11A, and secured to an operating member 13. The branch 10 is provided, at its end opposite the end 14, with a support device 8, for a pencil 9, shown in more detail in FIG. 13. The support 8 is a usual system with a nut blocking the pencil and allowing the pencil to be placed against this branch 10, so that the pencil 9 is parallel to the plane of a sheet on which the instrument is placed. The branch 10 is, in addition, graduated on one and / or the other of its edges in units of length, for example in centimeters, in order to be able to serve as a graduated ruler.
La branche 6 est munie, à son extrémité opposée à l'extrémité 14, d'un dispositif de support pour une pointe sèche 2, pouvant être immobilisée par un écrou 3. On pourra avantageusement prévoir que la pointe sèche soit rétractile à l'intérieur de la branche 6, de façon à protéger celle-ci des chocs, et à protéger Tutilisateur lorsque la pointe sèche n'est pas utilisée.The branch 6 is provided, at its end opposite the end 14, with a support device for a dry point 2, which can be immobilized by a nut 3. It may advantageously be provided that the dry point is retractable inside of branch 6, so as to protect the latter from shocks, and to protect the user when the dry point is not used.
La branche 6 est formée avec une saillie ou une nervure longitudinale 1 le long de laquelle est susceptible de coulisser un curseur 5, représenté plus en détail sur les Figures 2, 15 et 15A. Le curseur 5 peut être immobilisé sur la nervure longitudinale 1 au moyen d'une vis 15, et il supporte un élément transversal 4, représenté plus en détail sur le Figures 2, 14 et 14A.The branch 6 is formed with a projection or a longitudinal rib 1 along which is slidable a slider 5, shown in more detail in Figures 2, 15 and 15A. The cursor 5 can be immobilized on the longitudinal rib 1 by means of a screw 15, and it supports a transverse element 4, shown in more detail in Figures 2, 14 and 14A.
L'élément transversal 4, peut être immobilisé sur le curseur 5 au moyen d'un écrou 16 coopérant avec la tige de la vis 15, une rondelle 17 pouvant être intercalée entre Télément transversal 4 et le curseur 5. De façon à assurer la bonne perpendicularité entre la branche 6 et Télément transversal 4, on pourra prévoir de former sur la branche 6 un épaulement longitudinal 7 servant de guide pour Télément transversal 4. Ainsi décrit, on comprend comment l'instrument de dessin peut être utilisé. La branche 10 sert de règle graduée pour tracer des lignes droites et mesurer des longueurs. La branche 6, en coopération avec Télément transversal 4, forme une équerre pour tracer des angles droits. Les deux branches 6 et 10, munies respectivement de la pointe sèche 2 et du crayon 9, servent à la manière d'un compas pour tracer des cercles de rayon quelconque.The transverse element 4 can be immobilized on the cursor 5 by means of a nut 16 cooperating with the rod of the screw 15, a washer 17 which can be interposed between the transverse element 4 and the cursor 5. In order to ensure good perpendicularity between branch 6 and transverse element 4, provision may be made to form on branch 6 a longitudinal shoulder 7 serving as a guide for transverse element 4. Thus described, it is understood how the drawing instrument can be used. The branch 10 serves as a graduated ruler for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths. The branch 6, in cooperation with the transverse element 4, forms a square for drawing right angles. The two branches 6 and 10, provided respectively with the dry point 2 and the pencil 9, serve in the manner of a compass for drawing circles of any radius.
De plus, la branche 6 et Télément transversal 4 servent de rapporteur, pour mesurer des angles ainsi qu'on va l'expliquer. La branche 6 est formée avec deux graduations symétriques par rapport au centre W de la branche 6. Le point W est destiné à former le centre du rapporteur, et il est destiné à être placé au sommet de l'angle que Ton désire mesurer.In addition, branch 6 and transverse element 4 serve as protractor, for measuring angles as will be explained. The branch 6 is formed with two graduations symmetrical with respect to the center W of the branch 6. The point W is intended to form the center of the protractor, and it is intended to be placed at the top of the angle which it is desired to measure.
Un rayon 20 est articulé sur la branche 6, de façon à pivoter sur celle-ci autour d'un axe passant par le point W. Ce rayon 20 peut être constitué d'une lame mince, pouvant pivoter sur 180 degrés autour du point W.A spoke 20 is articulated on the branch 6, so as to pivot on the latter about an axis passing through the point W. This spoke 20 may consist of a thin blade, which can pivot 180 degrees around the point W .
De part et d'autre du point W sont portées des graduations, représentées sur le Figure 20A, obtenues ainsi qu'on Ta représenté sur la Figure 18. Les points de cette graduation représentent les projections orthogonales des points d'un cercle de centre W, de rayon pris comme unité par hypothèse, ces points étant espacés d'arcs de cercle de valeur constante, 10 degrés à titre illustratif dans l'exemple représenté sur la Figure 18. Les points de la graduation de la branche 6 forment ainsi une progression trigonométrique, et sont proportionnelles au cosinus de l'angle à mesurer, le rapport de proportionnalité étant égal au rayon du cercle d'origine, comme on Ta représenté sur la courbe de la Figure 21, qui est linéaire. De la même façon, Télément transversal 4 est formé avec des graduations représentant les projections orthogonales des points d'un cercle de centre W, de rayon pris comme unité par hypothèse, ces points étant espacés d'arcs de cercle de valeur constante, 10 degrés dans l'exemple représenté sur la Figure 18. Les points de la graduation de Télément transversal 4 forment ainsi une progression trigonométrique, et sont proportionnelles au sinus de l'angle à mesurer, le rapport de proportionnalité étant égal au rayon du cercle d'origine, comme on Ta représenté sur la courbe de la Figure 21, qui est linéaire.On either side of the point W are marked graduations, shown in Figure 20A, obtained as Ta shown in Figure 18. The points of this graduation represent the orthogonal projections of the points of a circle with center W , of radius taken as a unit by assumption, these points being spaced by arcs of a circle of constant value, 10 degrees by way of illustration in the example represented in Figure 18. The points of the graduation of branch 6 thus form a progression trigonometric, and are proportional to the cosine of the angle to be measured, the proportionality ratio being equal to the radius of the original circle, as shown on the curve in Figure 21, which is linear. In the same way, Transverse element 4 is formed with graduations representing the orthogonal projections of the points of a circle of center W, of radius taken as unit by assumption, these points being spaced by arcs of circle of constant value, 10 degrees in the example shown in Figure 18. The points of the graduation of transverse element 4 thus form a trigonometric progression, and are proportional to the sine of the angle to be measured, the proportionality ratio being equal to the radius of the original circle , as shown on the curve in Figure 21, which is linear.
Par contre, on sait que les variations des fonctions trigonométriques sinus et cosinus en fonction des valeurs des angles ne sont pas linéaires, ainsi qu'on Ta représenté sur la Figure 22, les valeurs de la fonction cosinus variant très peu pour des angles petits, et les valeurs de la fonction sinus variant très peu pour des angles voisins de 90 degrés. Il y aura donc des zones d'incertitude pour la mesure du cosinus d'angles petits ou de sinus d'angles voisins de 90 degrés.On the other hand, we know that the variations of the trigonometric sine and cosine functions as a function of the values of the angles are not linear, as shown in Ta 22, the values of the cosine function varying very little for small angles, and the values of the sine function varying very little for angles close to 90 degrees. There will therefore be areas of uncertainty for the measurement of the cosine of small angles or of sines of neighboring angles of 90 degrees.
Pour mesurer un angle quelconque, comme on Ta représenté sur la Figure 23, il suffit alors de reporter, sur un de ses côtés, à partir de son sommet, une longueur égale à celle du rayon du cercle d'origine pris pour unité, puis de projeter orthogonalement cette longueur sur l'autre côté de l'angle à mesurer. Cette opération peut être effectuée facilement à l'aide de Téquerre formée par la branche 6 et par l'élément transversal 4.To measure any angle, as shown in Figure 23, it then suffices to transfer, on one of its sides, from its vertex, a length equal to that of the radius of the original circle taken as unity, then to project this length orthogonally on the other side of the angle to be measured. This operation can be carried out easily using the tequerre formed by the branch 6 and by the transverse element 4.
En plaçant alors le point W au sommet de l'angle à mesurer, et en plaçant simultanément la branche 6 par exemple en coïncidence avec le côté de l'angle à mesurer sur lequel on a effectué la projection orthogonale, on pourra alors lire sur la graduation portée par la branche 6 la valeur de l'angle mesuré. Si cette valeur se situe à l'intérieur des zones d'incertitude mentionnées plus haut, il suffit alors d'utiliser, par exemple, Télément transversal 4 au lieu de la branche 6, et inversement.By then placing the point W at the top of the angle to be measured, and simultaneously placing the branch 6 for example in coincidence with the side of the angle to be measured on which the orthogonal projection, we can then read on the graduation carried by branch 6 the value of the angle measured. If this value is located within the areas of uncertainty mentioned above, it is then sufficient to use, for example, transverse element 4 instead of branch 6, and vice versa.
Pour tracer un angle de valeur donnée, comme on Ta représenté sur la Figure 23, on utilisera une méthode semblable. A l'aide de la branche 6, par exemple, on trace un segment de droite ayant pour origine le point W. On repère sur la graduation de la branche 6 la valeur de l'angle à tracer, que Ton reporte sur le segment de droite. A partir du point obtenu, on élève une perpendiculaire au segment de droite, puis, en prenant le point W pour centre, on trace un cercle de rayon égal au rayon du cercle d'origine. Le point d'intersection entre ce cercle et la perpendiculaire est relié au point origine du segment de droite, ce qui donne le tracé de l'angle recherché.To plot an angle of given value, as shown in Figure 23, a similar method will be used. With the help of branch 6, for example, we draw a straight line originating from point W. We mark on the graduation of branch 6 the value of the angle to be traced, which we transfer to the segment of right. From the point obtained, we raise a perpendicular to the line segment, then, taking point W for center, we draw a circle of radius equal to the radius of the original circle. The point of intersection between this circle and the perpendicular is connected to the origin point of the line segment, which gives the plot of the desired angle.
On a représenté sur les Figures 3 et 4 une variante du mode de réalisation de l'instrument de dessin qui vient d'être décrit, selon laquelle l'instrument ne possède qu'une seule branche.There is shown in Figures 3 and 4 a variant of the embodiment of the drawing instrument which has just been described, according to which the instrument has only one branch.
Cette branche unique 6 est rectiligne, et comporte sur l'un de ses bords une graduation 10 en unités de longueur, de façon à servir de règle pour tracer des segments de droite et pour mesurer des longueurs.This single branch 6 is rectilinear, and has on one of its edges a graduation 10 in units of length, so as to serve as a ruler for drawing line segments and for measuring lengths.
L'élément transversal 4 est monté sur cette branche 6 de la même façon que dans le mode de réalisation précédent, c'est à dire par l'intermédiaire d'un curseur 5 susceptible de se déplacer le long d'une nervure ou saillie rectiligne 1. L'ensemble constitué de la branche 6 et de Télément transversal 4 forme une équerre pour tracer des angles droits. Cet ensemble forme également un rapporteur pour mesurer ou pour tracer des angles, de la même façon que pour le mode de réalisation précédent.The transverse element 4 is mounted on this branch 6 in the same way as in the previous embodiment, that is to say by means of a cursor 5 capable of moving along a straight rib or projection 1. The assembly consisting of branch 6 and of transverse element 4 forms a square for tracing right angles. This set also forms a protractor for measuring or for drawing angles, in the same way as for the previous embodiment.
On voit sur la Figure 3 que le crayon 9 est porté parWe see in Figure 3 that the pencil 9 is carried by
Télément transversal 4, qui est formé avec une ouverture 21 destinée à recevoir le crayon 9. L'ouverture 21 est traversée latéralement par une ou deux vis 22 destinées à bloquer le crayon 9 dans cette ouverture 21, chaque vis 22 étant munie à son extrémité pénétrant dans l'ouverture 21 d'une pièce en forme de portion de cylindre pour repousser le crayon 9.Transverse element 4, which is formed with an opening 21 intended to receive the pencil 9. The opening 21 is crossed laterally by one or two screws 22 intended to block the pencil 9 in this opening 21, each screw 22 being provided at its end penetrating into the opening 21 of a part in the form of a portion of a cylinder to repel the pencil 9.
Une ouverture oblongue 18 est pratiquée dans la partie centrale de la branche 6 pour permettre de déplacer le crayon 9 dans cette ouverture oblongue 18. Un sillon 19 est pratiqué dans la branche 6 pour former un logement pour la pointe sèche 2 et/ou pour le crayon 9, un volet 25 (Figure 9) pouvant venir recouvrir ce sillon pour protéger le ou les éléments qu'il contient.An oblong opening 18 is made in the central part of the branch 6 to allow the pencil 9 to be moved in this oblong opening 18. A groove 19 is made in the branch 6 to form a housing for the dry point 2 and / or for the pencil 9, a flap 25 (Figure 9) which can cover this groove to protect the element or elements it contains.
Une pointe sèche 2 peut être disposée de façon amovible àA dry point 2 can be disposed removably at
Tune des extrémités de la branche 6 pour tracer des cercles de grand rayon, ou au voisinage de l'extrémité de l'ouverture oblongue 18 située près du centre de la branche 6 pour tracer des cercles de petit rayon. On pourra avantageusement prévoir un organe de manoeuvre supplémentaire 24 à l'extrémité de la branche 6 opposée à celle qui est susceptible de recevoir la pointe sèche 2, cet organe supplémentaire étant destiné à faciliter le maniement du compas.Tune one of the ends of the branch 6 to draw circles of large radius, or in the vicinity of the end of the oblong opening 18 located near the center of the branch 6 to draw circles of small radius. It is advantageously possible to provide an additional operating member 24 at the end of the branch 6 opposite to that which is capable of receiving the dry point 2, this additional member being intended to facilitate the handling of the compass.
On a donc bien réalisé un instrument de dessin composite, qui est peu encombrant, puisqu'il ne comporte qu'une seule branche, ou deux branches pouvant être rapprochées Tune de l'autre pour faciliter le transport de l'instrument. Cet instrument est facile à utiliser, quelle que soit sa configuration, pour tracer des segments de droite, des angles droits et des cercles de rayon quelconque, de même que pour mesurer et tracer des angles de valeur quelconque.A composite drawing instrument has therefore been produced, which is compact, since it comprises only one branch, or two branches which can be brought closer to each other to facilitate the transport of the instrument. This instrument is easy to whatever its configuration, use to draw line segments, right angles and circles of any radius, as well as to measure and draw angles of any value.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits, mais elle est susceptible au contraire de recevoir de nombreuses modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme du métier. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described, but it is on the contrary liable to receive numerous modifications which will appear to a person skilled in the art.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Instrument de dessin composite, comportant au moins une première branche (6) formant règle graduée pour tracer des segments de droite et pour mesurer des longueurs, la dite première branche (6) comportant des moyens (2) pour repérer le centre d'un cercle et des moyens (9, 11) pour coopérer avec un instrument à écrire destiné à tracer la circonférence de ce cercle, un élément transversal (4) étant disposé perpendiculairement à la branche (6) pour former une équerre, caractérisé en ce que le dit élément transversal (4) forme avec la dite première branche (6) un rapporteur pour mesurer ou tracer des angles de valeur quelconque.1 - Composite drawing instrument, comprising at least a first branch (6) forming a graduated rule for drawing line segments and for measuring lengths, said first branch (6) comprising means (2) for locating the center of a circle and means (9, 11) for cooperating with a writing instrument intended to trace the circumference of this circle, a transverse element (4) being arranged perpendicular to the branch (6) to form a square, characterized in that said transverse element (4) forms with said first branch (6) a protractor for measuring or plotting angles of any value.
2 - Instrument de dessin selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dit élément transversal (4) est supporté par un curseur (5) susceptible de coulisser le long de la dite première branche (6) et d'être immobilisé par rapport à cette branche (6).2 - Drawing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that said transverse element (4) is supported by a cursor (5) capable of sliding along said first branch (6) and being immobilized relative to this branch (6).
3 - Instrument de dessin selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dit élément transversal (4) et la dite première branche (6) comportent des graduations proportionnelles à des fonctions trigonométriques.3 - Drawing instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that said transverse element (4) and said first branch (6) have graduations proportional to trigonometric functions.
4 - Instrument de dessin selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la dite première branche (6) comporte des graduations proportionnelles à la fonction trigonométrique cosinus, et en ce que le dit élément transversal (4) comporte des graduations proportionnelles à la fonction trigonométrique sinus. 5 - Instrument de dessin selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une deuxième branche (10), la dite première branche (6) et la deuxième branche (10) étant articulées Tune sur l'autre par leurs extrémités (14).4 - Drawing instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that said first branch (6) has graduations proportional to the trigonometric cosine function, and in that said transverse element (4) has graduations proportional to the trigonometric function sinus. 5 - Drawing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a second branch (10), said first branch (6) and the second branch (10) being articulated Tune on the other by their ends (14 ).
6 - Instrument de dessin selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les dits moyens (9) pour coopérer avec un instrument à écrire destiné à tracer la circonférence du cercle sont formés sur la dite deuxième branche (10). 6 - Drawing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that said means (9) for cooperating with a writing instrument intended to trace the circumference of the circle are formed on said second branch (10).
EP96933473A 1995-10-02 1996-10-02 Combined protractor, compass, ruler and set square device Withdrawn EP0855961A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9511647A FR2745752B1 (en) 1995-10-02 1995-10-02 DEVICE SYNTHESIZING A REPORTER, A COMPASS, A RULER AND A SQUARE
FR9511647 1995-10-02
PCT/FR1996/001535 WO1997012767A1 (en) 1995-10-02 1996-10-02 Combined protractor, compass, ruler and set square device

Publications (1)

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EP0855961A1 true EP0855961A1 (en) 1998-08-05

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EP96933473A Withdrawn EP0855961A1 (en) 1995-10-02 1996-10-02 Combined protractor, compass, ruler and set square device

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EP (1) EP0855961A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11514308A (en)
AU (1) AU7219496A (en)
CA (1) CA2233916A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2745752B1 (en)
OA (1) OA11173A (en)
WO (1) WO1997012767A1 (en)

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NZ588226A (en) * 2010-09-28 2011-06-30 Michael David Jones Two pivoting arms, one arm having a scale which is used with a pointer to give the angle between the arms
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CN107696755A (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-16 吕可山 A kind of collapsible drawing tools
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FR2745752A1 (en) 1997-09-12
CA2233916A1 (en) 1997-04-10
AU7219496A (en) 1997-04-28
FR2745752B1 (en) 1999-04-23
OA11173A (en) 2003-05-13
WO1997012767A1 (en) 1997-04-10
JPH11514308A (en) 1999-12-07

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