EP0854763B1 - Process for producing an intermetallic join - Google Patents
Process for producing an intermetallic join Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0854763B1 EP0854763B1 EP96945136A EP96945136A EP0854763B1 EP 0854763 B1 EP0854763 B1 EP 0854763B1 EP 96945136 A EP96945136 A EP 96945136A EP 96945136 A EP96945136 A EP 96945136A EP 0854763 B1 EP0854763 B1 EP 0854763B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reinforcing member
- intermetallic
- alfin
- aluminium
- join
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
Definitions
- the invention is concerned with a method of manufacture an intermetallic connection between an engine component made of an aluminum-based alloy and one Reinforcing part made of austenitic cast iron, the casting technology be connected to each other. Appropriate procedures are particularly isolated for the introduction of ring carriers also for inserting trough edge reinforcements in diesel engines applied.
- the invention is therefore concerned with the problem that Strength of the intermetallic bond between the casting and Reinforcement part regardless of the use of a GGG or GGL material to increase.
- An essential area of application for the invention lies in the production of pistons with reinforcement parts austenitic cast iron, with the reinforcement parts are preferably ring bearers.
- the glow of the reinforcement parts must be in an oven atmosphere with oxidizing and reducing components, about the emergence of concentration differences through Diffusion of the nickel to the surface and the formation of To avoid iron oxides on the surface as much as possible a surface thus formed in the subsequent process steps is disturbing.
- a reinforcement part made of austenitic cast material 1 with lamellar graphite formation is connected to a piston material AlSi12CuNiMg 2 by an Alfin layer 3.
- the austenitic cast material is edge-graphitized in the area of the alfin bond to a depth of approx. 100-150 ⁇ m.
- the de-graphitization is carried out by annealing the cast material in exogas, at temperatures of at least 800 ° C and preferably at temperatures> 1000 ° C.
- the CO 2 and CO content and the dew point must be set so that there is a good decarburizing effect in order to achieve short annealing times. In the present case, the glow time was 25 minutes.
- Alfin layer 3 are in place of the compact graphite flakes only loosened up, not coherent, pearl-cord-shaped Detect oxides that affect strength the Alfin layer is not, or at least significantly less impact as the graphite flakes of an unannealed austenitic cast iron.
- FIG. 2 A conventional alfin layer is shown in FIG. 2 only for comparison shown.
- the Alfin layer 4 is clear there recognizably interspersed with graphite lamellae that bind the alfin weaken because they act as defects.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit einem Verfahren zur Herstellung einer intermetallischen Verbindung zwischen einem Motorenbauteil aus einer Aluminium-Basis-Legierung und einem Bewehrungsteil aus austenitischem Gußeisen, die gießtechnisch miteinander verbunden werden. Entsprechende Verfahren werden insbesondere zum Einbringen von Ringträgern, vereinzelt auch zum Einbringen von Muldenrandbewehrungen bei Diesel-Motoren angewendet.The invention is concerned with a method of manufacture an intermetallic connection between an engine component made of an aluminum-based alloy and one Reinforcing part made of austenitic cast iron, the casting technology be connected to each other. Appropriate procedures are particularly isolated for the introduction of ring carriers also for inserting trough edge reinforcements in diesel engines applied.
Dabei wird die Verbindung des Bewehrungsteils mit dem Kolbenwerkstoff mit dem im Stand der Technik seit ca. 1950 bekannten Alfin-Verfahren hergestellt, indem das Bewehrungsteil vor dem Umgießen mit dem Kolbenwerkstoff in eine AlSi-Schmelze getaucht wird, wobei sich an der Oberfläche des Bewehrungsteils eine intermetallische Schicht ausbildet. Eine Beschreibung des Alfin-Verfahrens ist z. B. zu finden in "Technische Mitteilungen", Heft 8, 49. JG, August 1956, Seite 381-384.The connection of the reinforcement part with the piston material with that known in the prior art since approx. 1950 Alfin process made by the reinforcement part before pouring the piston material into an AlSi melt is immersed, being on the surface of the Reinforcement forms an intermetallic layer. A description of the Alfin process is e.g. B. to find in "Technical communications", Issue 8, 49th JG, August 1956, Page 381-384.
Mit den bei Dieselmotoren in der Vergangenheit kontinuierlich gestiegenen Zünddrücken zeigten sich die Festigkeitsgrenzen der bisher produzierten Alfin-Bindung, so daß nun eine höhere Bindungsfestigkeit gefordert wird.With those of diesel engines in the past continuously The strength limits were shown to have increased ignition pressures the previously produced alfin binding, so that now a higher bond strength is required.
Es wurde daher in DE-OS 42 21 448 schon vorgeschlagen, als Bewehrungsmaterial austenitisches Gußeisen mit globularer oder vermicularer Graphitausbildung zu verwenden, wodurch im Vergleich mit dem üblichen GGL-Werkstoff mit lamellarer Graphitausbildung die Bindungsfestigkeit infolge der geringeren Kerbwirkung der in der Schicht eingebundenen Graphitpartikel verbessert wird. Diese Lösung bringt allerdings auch verschiedene Nachteile mit sich. It has therefore already been proposed in DE-OS 42 21 448 as Reinforcing material austenitic cast iron with globular or vermicular graphite formation, whereby compared to the usual GGL material with lamellar Graphite formation the bond strength due to the lower Notch effect of the graphite particles embedded in the layer is improved. This solution does, however also various disadvantages.
Sie bedeutet zunächst die Abkehr von einem seit langem bewährten Ringträgerwerkstoff. Außerdem weist der bisherige GGL-Ringträgerwerkstoff eine bessere Bearbeitbarkeit, höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeit und eine höhere Verschleißfestigkeit auf und ist etwas billiger als der GGG-Ringträgerwerkstoff.First of all, it means turning away from a long-established one Ring carrier material. In addition, the previous one GGL ring carrier material better machinability, higher Thermal conductivity and higher wear resistance and is slightly cheaper than the GGG ring carrier material.
Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, die Festigkeit der intermetallischen Bindung zwischen Umguß und Bewehrungsteil unabhängig von der Verwendung eines GGG- oder GGL-Werkstoffs zu erhöhen.The invention is therefore concerned with the problem that Strength of the intermetallic bond between the casting and Reinforcement part regardless of the use of a GGG or GGL material to increase.
Dieses Problem wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen
des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This problem is solved by a method with the features
of
Im Stand der Technik ist es aus der WO-A 93/11896 bekannt,
eine intermetallische Bindung zwischen Gußeisen und Aluminium
herzustellen, indem der gereinigte einzugießende Gegenstand
zunächst vorgewärmt wird, anschließend in ein
Zinkbad zwecks Bildung von intermetallischen Phasen getaucht
wird und schließlich mit der Aluminiumlegierung umgossen
wird.
Ferner ist es aus der JP-B 51025214 bekannt, bei einzugießenden
Gußeisenteilen mit Graphitlamellen die Lamellen in
oxidierender Atmosphäre zu zersetzen und die dabei entstehenden
Hohlräume unter Druck mit Aluminium, Blei oder Teflon
zu imprägnieren, um eine mechanische Verankerung dieser
Werkstoffe am Gußeisenteil zu erzielen. Die dabei entstehenden
Oxidschichten auf dem Gußeisenteil sind jedoch
erfahrungsgemäß bei Motorenbauteilen und insbesondere bei
Kolben aus Leichtmetall mit Bewehrungsteilen aus Gußeisen -
insbesondere Ringträgern - nachteilig für die Bindungsfestigkeit
und deshalb unerwünscht.In the prior art it is known from WO-A 93/11896 to establish an intermetallic bond between cast iron and aluminum by first preheating the cleaned object to be poured in, then immersing it in a zinc bath to form intermetallic phases and finally with the aluminum alloy is cast around.
Furthermore, it is known from JP-B 51025214 to decompose cast iron parts with graphite flakes in an oxidizing atmosphere and to impregnate the resulting cavities under pressure with aluminum, lead or Teflon in order to achieve a mechanical anchoring of these materials on the cast iron part. Experience has shown that the resulting oxide layers on the cast iron part are disadvantageous for engine components and in particular for pistons made of light metal with reinforcement parts made of cast iron - in particular ring girders - for the bond strength and are therefore undesirable.
Ein wesentliches Anwendungsgebiet für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren liegt in der Herstellung von Kolben mit Bewehrungsteilen aus austenitischem Gußeisen, wobei die Bewehrungsteile vorzugsweise Ringträger sind.An essential area of application for the invention The process lies in the production of pistons with reinforcement parts austenitic cast iron, with the reinforcement parts are preferably ring bearers.
Durch das Glühen des austenitischen Grundwerkstoffs bis zur weitgehenden Entgraphitisierung des bei der Herstellung der intermetallischen Bindung beteiligten Bereichs wird die Kerbwirkung der Graphitlamellen bzw. anderer Graphitpartikel auf einfache und kostengünstige Art und Weise verhindert und es kann sich eine nahezu störungsfreie intermetallische Schicht ausbilden. Erste Abrißversuche zeigen, daß die Zugfestigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Schicht - verglichen mit der Zugfestigkeit konventioneller Alfin-Bindungen - um mindestens 30% gesteigert werden konnte.By annealing the austenitic base material up to extensive de-graphitization of the in the manufacture of the intermetallic bond area will be the Notch effect of the graphite flakes or other graphite particles prevented in a simple and inexpensive manner and it can be an almost trouble-free intermetallic Form layer. First attempts at demolition show that the tensile strength of the layer according to the invention - compared with the tensile strength of conventional Alfin bindings - could be increased by at least 30%.
Das Glühen der Bewehrungsteile muß in einer Ofenatmosphäre mit oxidierenden und reduzierenden Bestandteilen erfolgen, um die Entstehung von Konzentrationsunterschieden durch Diffusion des Nickels an die Oberfläche und die Bildung von Eisenoxiden an der Oberfläche weitgehend zu vermeiden, da eine so gebildete Oberfläche bei den nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritten störend wirkt.The glow of the reinforcement parts must be in an oven atmosphere with oxidizing and reducing components, about the emergence of concentration differences through Diffusion of the nickel to the surface and the formation of To avoid iron oxides on the surface as much as possible a surface thus formed in the subsequent process steps is disturbing.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben.The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment described.
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen Querschliff einer erfindungsgemäßen Alfin-Bindung mit randentgraphitisiertem Bewehrungsteil
- Fig. 2
- einen Querschliff einer Alfin-Bindung ohne Randentgraphitisierung zum Vergleich.
- Fig. 1
- a cross section of an Alfin bond according to the invention with edge-graphitized reinforcement part
- Fig. 2
- a cross section of an alfin bond without edge graphitization for comparison.
Ein Bewehrungsteil aus austenitischem Gußwerkstoff 1 mit
lamellarer Graphitausbildung ist mit einem Kolbenwerkstoff
AlSi12CuNiMg 2 durch eine Alfin-Schicht 3 verbunden. Der
austenitische Gußwerkstoff ist im Bereich der Alfinbindung
bis zu einer Tiefe von ca. 100-150 µm randentgraphitisiert.
Die Entgraphitisierung erfolgt durch Glühen des Gußwerkstoffs
in Exogas, bei Temperaturen von mindestens
800 °C und vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen > 1000 °C. Dabei
sind der Gehalt an CO2 und CO und der Taupunkt so einzustellen,
daß sich eine gut entkohlende Wirkung ergibt, um
kurze Glühzeiten zu erreichen. Im vorliegenden Fall lag die
Glühzeit bei 25 min.A reinforcement part made of
Durch die Verwendung von Exogas, das sowohl reduzierende als auch oxidierende Anteile aufweist, werden Konzentrationsunterschiede und die Bildung von Oxiden an der Oberfläche weitgehend vermieden.By using exogas, both reducing and also has oxidizing components, there are differences in concentration and the formation of oxides on the surface largely avoided.
Die weiteren Verfahrensschritte entsprechen dem im Stand der Technik bekannten Alfin-Verfahren. The other process steps correspond to those in the booth Alfin process known in the art.
In der Alfin-Schicht 3 sind an Stelle der kompakten Graphitlamellen
nur noch aufgelockerte, nicht kohärente, perlschnurförmige
Oxide zu erkennen, die sich auf die Festigkeit
der Alfin-Schicht nicht oder zumindest wesentlich geringer
auswirken als die Graphitlamellen eines ungeglühten
austenitischen Gußeisens.In the Alfin
Nur zum Vergleich wird in Fig. 2 eine konventionelle Alfin-Schicht
dargestellt. Dort wird die Alfin-Schicht 4 deutlich
erkennbar von Graphitlamellen durchsetzt, die die Alfin-Bindung
schwächen, da sie als Störstellen wirken.A conventional alfin layer is shown in FIG. 2 only for comparison
shown. The Alfin
Claims (1)
- Process for producing an intermetallic join between a motor component made of a first aluminium-based alloy and a reinforcing member made of austenitic cast iron, which are joined together using casting technology, the stages of the process comprisinga) annealing the reinforcing member in a furnace atmosphere with proportions of oxidising and reducing gas with the purpose of at least partly decomposing the graphite flakes or graphite particles in the region of the surface of the reinforcing member,b) immersing the reinforcing member in a melt made of a second aluminium based-alloy with the purpose of forming an intermetallic bonding layer,c) removing the reinforcing member from the immersion bath, placing the reinforcing member into a mould and then directly afterwards casting around the reinforcing member with the first aluminium-based alloy.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19537847A DE19537847A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 | 1995-10-11 | Reinforcement part, the base material of which is austenitic cast iron |
| DE19537847 | 1995-10-11 | ||
| PCT/DE1996/001808 WO1997013597A2 (en) | 1995-10-11 | 1996-09-20 | Process for producing an intermetallic join |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0854763A2 EP0854763A2 (en) | 1998-07-29 |
| EP0854763B1 true EP0854763B1 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
Family
ID=7774578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96945136A Expired - Lifetime EP0854763B1 (en) | 1995-10-11 | 1996-09-20 | Process for producing an intermetallic join |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6112802A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0854763B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11514931A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9610925A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19537847A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997013597A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU773579B2 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2004-05-27 | Breville Pty Ltd | Improvements in forming metallic laminates |
| DE10103596A1 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2002-08-01 | Bruehl Eisenwerk | Method for producing a cast workpiece formed from at least two different metal materials |
| DE10103896A1 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-08 | Mahle Gmbh | Process for the pretreatment of a ring carrier before the finishing |
| DE10137436C2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Pre-finishing of cast parts |
| DE10153306B4 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2010-07-15 | Daimler Ag | Method for pouring an insert |
| DE10157478A1 (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-05 | Fne Gmbh | Compound metal material is a shaped first metal, e.g. a wire coil, embedded in a ground matrix of the second metal. |
| DE10205798A1 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2003-09-04 | Federal Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Metallic insert for inserting in an upper part and/or a lower part or a reinforcing rib of a bearing block made of cast aluminum alloy or cast aluminum has on its outer peripheral surface a cover layer made of aluminum alloy or aluminum |
| AU2003208246A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-29 | Karl Merz | Method and device for the alfin processing of components |
| DE102012011992A1 (en) * | 2012-06-16 | 2013-12-19 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Metallic cast component and method of making a metallic cast component |
| DE102012220645B3 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-04-03 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston for internal combustion engine, has cooling duct that is formed entirely in cast-on upper portion made from aluminum or aluminum alloy, and ring box that is formed in base portion made from steel |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1048677B (en) * | 1959-01-15 | Mahle-Werk Gesellschaft mit be schrankter Haftung, Fellbach (Wurtt) | Process for applying an aluminum or aluminum oxide coating to an iron alloy - for example cast iron - existing and to be cast around with light metal in the die casting process Em position pieces | |
| US2620530A (en) * | 1945-02-07 | 1952-12-09 | United Engine & Machine Co | Manufacture of pistons |
| US2550879A (en) * | 1949-11-10 | 1951-05-01 | Fairchild Engine & Airplane | Bimetallic piston |
| DE901104C (en) * | 1949-11-10 | 1954-01-07 | Fairchild Engine And Airplane | Composite casting and process for its manufacture |
| US2775493A (en) * | 1953-11-27 | 1956-12-25 | Gillett & Eaton Inc | Piston with head insert and process of making it |
| JPS5125214B2 (en) * | 1973-02-09 | 1976-07-29 | ||
| CH645562A5 (en) * | 1980-06-19 | 1984-10-15 | Sulzer Ag | Process for welding workpieces of nodular cast iron |
| JPS59185567A (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1984-10-22 | Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd | Pretreatment of cast iron member joined by adhering |
| IT1183114B (en) * | 1985-01-11 | 1987-10-05 | Ass Eng Italia | ALUMINUM OR ALUMINUM ALLOY PISTON FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| SU1507532A1 (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-09-15 | Научно-исследовательский институт автотракторных материалов | Method of producing castings of piston with cast iron insert from aluminium alloy |
| DE4010474A1 (en) * | 1990-03-31 | 1991-10-02 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | LIGHT METAL PISTON |
| DE4019983A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-01-02 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | LIGHT METAL PISTON |
| US5333668A (en) * | 1991-12-09 | 1994-08-02 | Reynolds Metals Company | Process for creation of metallurgically bonded inserts cast-in-place in a cast aluminum article |
| DE4221448A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-13 | Mahle Gmbh | Reinforcement material for pistons of internal combustion engines |
-
1995
- 1995-10-11 DE DE19537847A patent/DE19537847A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-09-20 EP EP96945136A patent/EP0854763B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-20 BR BR9610925A patent/BR9610925A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-20 WO PCT/DE1996/001808 patent/WO1997013597A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-09-20 JP JP9514613A patent/JPH11514931A/en active Pending
- 1996-09-20 DE DE59602965T patent/DE59602965D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-20 US US09/051,050 patent/US6112802A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Technische Mitteilungen,Heft 8,49.Jahrgang,aug.1956,Seiten 381-384: Uber das al-Fin-Verfahren Erfahrungen und Verwendungen, von Dipl.Phys. W.Thiele,Frankfurt a.M. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59602965D1 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
| EP0854763A2 (en) | 1998-07-29 |
| US6112802A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
| WO1997013597A3 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
| JPH11514931A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
| BR9610925A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
| DE19537847A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
| WO1997013597A2 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
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