EP0853867B1 - Methode d'extraction de particules chargees hors d'un cyclotron isochrone et dispositif appliquant cette methode - Google Patents
Methode d'extraction de particules chargees hors d'un cyclotron isochrone et dispositif appliquant cette methode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0853867B1 EP0853867B1 EP96931694A EP96931694A EP0853867B1 EP 0853867 B1 EP0853867 B1 EP 0853867B1 EP 96931694 A EP96931694 A EP 96931694A EP 96931694 A EP96931694 A EP 96931694A EP 0853867 B1 EP0853867 B1 EP 0853867B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cyclotron
- hills
- air gap
- radius
- sectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002600 positron emission tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002661 proton therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/10—Arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for extracting charged particles from a cyclotron isochronous in which the particle beam is focused by sectors.
- the present invention also relates to said isochronous cyclotron applying this method of extraction of charged particles.
- the present invention also relates to compact isochronous cyclotrons than focused cyclotrons by sectors. Likewise, the present invention relates to isochronous cyclotrons known as superconductive or not superconductors.
- Cyclotrons are particle accelerators used in particular for the production of isotopes radioactive. These cyclotrons usually consist of two separate main sets, consisting on the one hand by the electromagnet and on the other hand by the high resonator frequency.
- the electromagnet guides the particles loaded on a trajectory presenting approximately a spiral of increasing radius around the acceleration.
- the poles of electromagnets are divided into sectors alternately presenting a reduced air gap and a larger air gap.
- Variation azimuth of the resulting magnetic field has the effect ensure the vertical and horizontal focus of the beam during acceleration.
- isochronous cyclotrons it is advisable to distinguish the compact type cyclotrons, which are energized by at least one main circular coil, and the so-called separate sector cyclotrons, where the structure magnetic is divided into completely separate units autonomous.
- the second set consists of the electrodes accelerators, frequently called “gods" for reasons historical.
- a voltage is thus applied to the electrodes alternative of several tens of kilovolts at the frequency of rotation of the particles in the magnet, or alternatively at a frequency which is an exact multiple of the frequency of rotation of the particles in the magnet. This has the effect to accelerate the particles of the rotating beam in the cyclotron.
- This operation is considered by those skilled in the art as the most difficult step in producing a particle beam accelerated by a cyclotron.
- This operation consists in bringing the beam from the part from the magnetic field where it is accelerated to where the magnetic field can no longer hold the beam. In this case, the beam is free to escape the action of the field and is extracted from the cyclotron.
- cyclotrons accelerating positive particles produce higher beam current intensities, and increase the reliability of the system, and while allowing strong reduction in size and weight of the machine.
- Document US-A-0324379 relates to a cyclotron type device intended to accelerate particles which has magnetic means being essentially independent of the azimuth angle. This means that it is a non-isochronous cyclotron.
- the cyclotron described has beam extraction means which consist of “regenerators” and “compressors”, which allow, in disturbing the magnetic field, to obtain an extraction of the beam of particles.
- the present invention aims to propose a method for extracting charged particles from a cyclotron isochronous avoiding the use of devices extraction as described above.
- An additional aim of the present invention is to therefore to propose an isochronous cyclotron which is of simpler and more economical design than those usually used.
- the present invention also aims to increase the extraction efficiency of the particle beam, and particularly in the case of extraction of positive particles.
- the present invention relates to a method for extracting charged particles from a cyclotron isochronous comprising an electromagnet constituting the circuit magnetic which includes a number of pairs of sectors called “hills” where the air gap is reduced, separated by spaces in the form of sectors called “valleys” where the air gap is larger; this method being characterized by the fact that a cyclotron is produced isochronous with a magnet gap between the hills including the dimensions are chosen so that the minimum value of this air gap in the vicinity of the maximum radius between the hills be less than twenty times the gain in radius by round of particles accelerated by the cyclotron at this radius.
- the air gap that the magnet is in generally between 5 and 20 cm, while the gain in radius per revolution is approximately 1 mm. In this case, the report of the air gap in radius gain per turn is greater than 50.
- the magnetic field decreases very abruptly near the limit of the magnet pole, so that the point of self-extraction is reached before the phase shift of the particles relative to the accelerating voltage does not reach 90 degrees. In this way, the particles automatically exit the magnetic field without intervention of any device extraction.
- the extraction of particles is concentrated on a sector thanks to a dissymmetry deliberately brought to the shape or magnetic field of said sector.
- the angle of one of the sectors is reduced at the polar radius to allow movement of the orbits and thus get the extraction of the whole beam on this side, so, for example, to be able to irradiate a large volume target.
- a particular distribution is carried out of the particle beam so as to simultaneously irradiate several targets mounted side by side on the trajectory of the beam.
- the present invention advantageously makes it possible to be used for proton therapy or the production of radioisotopes, and more particularly of radioisotopes intended to positron emission tomography (PET).
- PET positron emission tomography
- the profile of the magnetic field in an isochronous cyclotron is such that the frequency of rotation of the particles must be constant and independent of their energy. To compensate for the relativistic increase in mass of the particles, the magnetic field must therefore increase with the radius to ensure this condition of isochronism.
- Figure 1 illustrates the variation of the field in function of the radius in a classical isochronous cyclotron.
- Figure 2 illustrates the variation of the field in function of the radius in an isochronous cyclotron using the extraction method according to the present invention.
- An isochronous cyclotron as used in the method of extracting charged particles according to the present invention is shown schematically in the figures 3 and 4.
- This cyclotron is a compact isochronous cyclotron intended for the acceleration of positive particles, and more especially protons.
- the coils 6 are essentially shaped circular, and are located in the annular space left between sectors 3 or 3 'and flow returns 5.
- the central duct is intended to receive at least part of the source of particles 7 to be accelerated. These particles are injected into the center of the device by means known per se.
- the magnet For an isochronous cyclotron accelerating a beam of protons up to an energy of 11 MeV, the magnet is drawn, according to the present invention, with an air gap of 10 mm for a magnetic field of 2 teslas on the sectors magnetic 3 and 3 '.
- the accelerating voltage is 80 kilovolts so as to obtain a radius gain of 1.5 mm at maximum radius.
- one reduces the angle of one of the sectors at the polar radius so as to allow us to move the orbits and obtain the extraction of the whole beam on this side (see figure 4).
- the extracted particle beam is then axially focused and radially defocused.
- this beam profile for simultaneous irradiation of four targets located between the two coils 6 mounted side by side on the beam path.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
- Les figures 1 et 2
- représentent les profils magnétiques d'un cyclotron isochrone selon l'état de la technique et d'un cyclotron isochrone utilisant la méthode d'extraction selon la présente invention.
- La figure 3
- représente de manière schématique une vue éclatée des principaux éléments constituant un cyclotron isochrone.
- La figure 4
- représente une vue en coupe d'un cyclotron isochrone.
- deux plaques de base appelées culasses 2 et 2',
- au moins trois secteurs 3 supérieurs appelés collines et un même nombre de secteurs inférieurs 3' situés symétriquement par rapport à un plan de symétrie 10 dit plan médian aux secteurs supérieurs 3, et qui sont séparés par un faible entrefer 8,
- entre deux collines consécutives, il existe un espace où l'entrefer est de dimension plus élevée et est qui appelé vallée 4,
- au moins un retour de flux 5 réunissant de façon rigide la culasse inférieure 2 à la culasse supérieure 2',
Claims (7)
- Méthode d'extraction d'un faisceau de particules chargées hors d'un cyclotron isochrone (1) comportant un électro-aimant constituant le circuit magnétique qui inclut au moins un certain nombre de secteurs (3, 3') appelés "collines" où l'entrefer est réduit, séparés par des espaces en forme de secteurs (4) appelés "vallées" où l'entrefer est de dimension plus grande, la méthode d'extraction étant caractérisée par le fait que le faisceau de particules est extrait sans recours à un dispositif d'extraction par une disposition particulière du champ magnétique obtenue en dessinant l'entrefer de l'aimant aux collines (3,3') du cyclotron isochrone de telle sorte que le rapport dimension de l'entrefer de l'aimant aux collines au voisinage du rayon maximum sur le gain en rayon par tour des particules accélérées par le cyclotron à ce rayon soit inférieur à 20.
- Cyclotron isochrone dans lequel un faisceau de particules est focalisé par secteurs et qui comporte un électro-aimant constituant un circuit magnétique qui inclut au moins un certain nombre de secteurs (3, 3') appelés "collines" où un entrefer est réduit, séparés par des espaces en forme de secteurs (4) appelés "vallées" où un entrefer est de dimension plus grande, caractérisé en ce que l'entrefer de l'aimant aux collines (3, 3') est dessiné de telle sorte que le rapport dimension de l'entrefer de l'aimant aux collines au voisinage du rayon maximum sur le gain en rayon par tour des particules accélérées par le cyclotron à ce rayon soit inférieur à 20.
- Cyclotron isochrone selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le profil de l'entrefer de l'aimant aux collines est un profil elliptique ayant tendance à se refermer à l'extrémité radiale des collines.
- Cyclotron selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un secteur présente une forme ou un champ magnétique dissymétrique par rapport aux autres secteurs.
- Cyclotron selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on réduit l'angle d'un des secteurs au niveau du rayon polaire.
- Cyclotron selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise une distribution particulière du faisceau de particules de manière à irradier simultanément plusieurs cibles montées côte à côte sur la trajectoire du faisceau.
- Utilisation de la méthode d'extraction des particules selon la revendication 1 ou du dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6 pour la protonthérapie ou pour la production de radio-isotopes, et en particulier pour la production de radio-isotopes destinés à la tomographie par émission de positrons.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE9500832 | 1995-10-06 | ||
| BE9500832A BE1009669A3 (fr) | 1995-10-06 | 1995-10-06 | Methode d'extraction de particules chargees hors d'un cyclotron isochrone et dispositif appliquant cette methode. |
| PCT/BE1996/000101 WO1997014279A1 (fr) | 1995-10-06 | 1996-09-25 | Methode d'extraction de particules chargees hors d'un cyclotron isochrone et dispositif appliquant cette methode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0853867A1 EP0853867A1 (fr) | 1998-07-22 |
| EP0853867B1 true EP0853867B1 (fr) | 1999-07-28 |
Family
ID=3889224
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96931694A Expired - Lifetime EP0853867B1 (fr) | 1995-10-06 | 1996-09-25 | Methode d'extraction de particules chargees hors d'un cyclotron isochrone et dispositif appliquant cette methode |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6057655A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0853867B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4008030B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE182739T1 (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE1009669A3 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69603497T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2135918T3 (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3031392T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1997014279A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (140)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE513190C2 (sv) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-07-24 | Gems Pet Systems Ab | Metod och system för minimerande av magnetstorlek i en cyclotron |
| AU140268S (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2000-04-03 | Gems Pet Systems Ab | A cover for an apparatus for generating radioactive isotopes |
| EP1069809A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-13 | 2001-01-17 | Ion Beam Applications S.A. | Cyclotron isochrone et procédé d'extraction de particules chargées hors de ce cyclotron |
| EP1385362A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-01-28 | Ion Beam Applications S.A. | Cyclotron muni de nouveaux moyens d'inflexion du faisceau de particules |
| JP2007525249A (ja) * | 2003-06-02 | 2007-09-06 | フォックス・チェイス・キャンサー・センター | 高エネルギー連続エネルギーイオン選択システム、イオン線治療システム、およびイオン線治療施設 |
| CN101061759B (zh) * | 2004-07-21 | 2011-05-25 | 斯蒂尔瑞弗系统有限公司 | 用于同步回旋加速器的可编程的射频波形发生器 |
| US9077022B2 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2015-07-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Lithium-ion battery |
| EP2389977A3 (fr) | 2005-11-18 | 2012-01-25 | Still River Systems, Inc. | Radiothérapie à particules chargées |
| US7656258B1 (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2010-02-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Magnet structure for particle acceleration |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL235411A (fr) * | 1959-01-23 | |||
| US3175131A (en) * | 1961-02-08 | 1965-03-23 | Richard J Burleigh | Magnet construction for a variable energy cyclotron |
| FR2139671B1 (fr) * | 1971-05-28 | 1974-03-22 | Thomson Csf | |
| LU85895A1 (fr) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-12-05 | Univ Louvain | Cyclotron |
| BE1005530A4 (fr) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-09-28 | Ion Beam Applic Sa | Cyclotron isochrone |
| US5463291A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-10-31 | Carroll; Lewis | Cyclotron and associated magnet coil and coil fabricating process |
-
1995
- 1995-10-06 BE BE9500832A patent/BE1009669A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-09-25 AT AT96931694T patent/ATE182739T1/de active
- 1996-09-25 US US09/051,306 patent/US6057655A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-25 DE DE69603497T patent/DE69603497T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-25 EP EP96931694A patent/EP0853867B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-25 WO PCT/BE1996/000101 patent/WO1997014279A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-25 JP JP51457797A patent/JP4008030B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-25 ES ES96931694T patent/ES2135918T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-09-30 GR GR990402483T patent/GR3031392T3/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69603497T2 (de) | 2000-02-03 |
| JPH11513528A (ja) | 1999-11-16 |
| ATE182739T1 (de) | 1999-08-15 |
| WO1997014279A1 (fr) | 1997-04-17 |
| EP0853867A1 (fr) | 1998-07-22 |
| US6057655A (en) | 2000-05-02 |
| GR3031392T3 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
| JP4008030B2 (ja) | 2007-11-14 |
| BE1009669A3 (fr) | 1997-06-03 |
| DE69603497D1 (de) | 1999-09-02 |
| ES2135918T3 (es) | 1999-11-01 |
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