EP0852271A2 - Method for manufacturing textile products and textile product thus manufactured - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing textile products and textile product thus manufactured Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0852271A2 EP0852271A2 EP97122881A EP97122881A EP0852271A2 EP 0852271 A2 EP0852271 A2 EP 0852271A2 EP 97122881 A EP97122881 A EP 97122881A EP 97122881 A EP97122881 A EP 97122881A EP 0852271 A2 EP0852271 A2 EP 0852271A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- textile
- woven fabric
- polyurethane
- foundation
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/0096—Multicolour dyeing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/24—Polyamides; Polyurethanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing textile products and to the textile product thus manufactured.
- non-woven fabrics manufactured with systems other than those that interweave the threads by weaving or forming knitting.
- These non-woven fabrics are substantially constituted by a textile foundation made of fibers or threads which are bonded by means of suitable bonding means, particularly of the chemical type.
- Non-woven fabrics are also known constituted by threads which are chemically bonded by hot pressing with powdered binders or with thermoplastic fiber binders.
- thermoplastic fibers which melt and bind under the influence of the heat, allows in particular to obtain non-woven fabrics composed of a single kind of fiber, for example polyester fibers.
- the items manufactured in this manner are generally rather finely meshed, have a paperlike appearance and are at the same time tough and durable.
- non-woven fabrics to be used preferably to produce various kinds of padding, for example to strengthen materials in the automotive field.
- the non-woven fabrics have not been used up to now in the clothing field, owing to their rigidity and to their limited resistance to sewing and tearing.
- the non-woven fabrics are furthermore generally offered in a single color, namely white, without the possibility of dyeing them in the chosen color.
- the aim of the present invention is to solve the above problem, by providing a method for manufacturing textile products of the non-woven fabric type which are soft and sewing- and tear-resistant, so as to allow to use them in the clothing field.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a textile product which is simple to manufacture and versatile in use, particularly allowing a coloring which is suitable for the intended use.
- a method for manufacturing textile products according to the present invention characterized in that it entails preparing a textile foundation of non-woven fabric made of thermoplastic fibers; impregnating said textile foundation of non-woven fabric with a spreading of polyurethane; dyeing the resulting product; and finally subjecting the product to a softening wash.
- the method for manufacturing said textile products entails first of all preparing a textile foundation made of non-woven fabric formed with thermoplastic fibers, particularly constituted by polyester fibers.
- the textile foundation has a paperlike appearance which resembles in particular parchment and vellum.
- the textile foundation made of non-woven fabric is then impregnated with a slight spreading of polyurethane suitable to assuredly give the product stability and resistance to sewing and tearing.
- the resulting product is preferably constituted by 48% polyester fibers and 52% polyurethane.
- the resulting product is then subjected to a dyeing step in order to obtain the intended color without however concealing the pattern formed by the loose fibers on the surface of the non-woven fabric.
- the textile product is subjected to washing in the piece, which is suitable to give the fabric a suitable softness for use in the clothing field.
- This softening wash is performed in water at the temperature of 30 o C with a pH of 8.
- the described method therefore allows to provide textile products of the non-woven fabric type which have high resistance to sewing and tearing, particularly such as to allow their use in the clothing field.
- the textile products thus obtained furthermore have the chosen coloring and have a softness which allows them to provide optimum fit in the clothing field.
- the shape and the dimensions may be any according to requirements.
Abstract
A method for manufacturing textile products comprising
the steps of: preparing a textile foundation of non-woven
fabric made of thermoplastic fibers such as polyester
fibers, the textile foundation of non-woven fabric being
impregnated with a spreading of polyurethane, the resulting
product being then dyed and subjected to a softening wash.
Description
The present invention relates to a method for
manufacturing textile products and to the textile product
thus manufactured.
It has long been known to use textile products known as
non-woven fabrics, manufactured with systems other than
those that interweave the threads by weaving or forming
knitting. These non-woven fabrics are substantially
constituted by a textile foundation made of fibers or
threads which are bonded by means of suitable bonding means,
particularly of the chemical type.
The simplest methods for bonding non-woven fabrics
entail impregnating the textile foundation with suitable
adhesives, such as latexes of synthetic rubber or acrylic
derivatives and the like. Non-woven fabrics are also known
constituted by threads which are chemically bonded by hot
pressing with powdered binders or with thermoplastic fiber
binders.
The use of thermoplastic fibers, which melt and bind
under the influence of the heat, allows in particular to
obtain non-woven fabrics composed of a single kind of fiber,
for example polyester fibers.
The items manufactured in this manner are generally
rather finely meshed, have a paperlike appearance and are at
the same time tough and durable.
The above-mentioned rigidity and aesthetic
characteristics have caused said non-woven fabrics to be
used preferably to produce various kinds of padding, for
example to strengthen materials in the automotive field.
Viceversa, the non-woven fabrics have not been used up
to now in the clothing field, owing to their rigidity and to
their limited resistance to sewing and tearing. The non-woven
fabrics are furthermore generally offered in a single
color, namely white, without the possibility of dyeing them
in the chosen color.
The aim of the present invention is to solve the above
problem, by providing a method for manufacturing textile
products of the non-woven fabric type which are soft and
sewing- and tear-resistant, so as to allow to use them in
the clothing field.
Within the scope of this aim, an object of the present
invention is to provide a textile product which is simple to
manufacture and versatile in use, particularly allowing a
coloring which is suitable for the intended use.
This aim, this object and others which will
become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a method for
manufacturing textile products according to the present
invention, characterized in that it entails preparing a
textile foundation of non-woven fabric made of thermoplastic
fibers; impregnating said textile foundation of non-woven
fabric with a spreading of polyurethane; dyeing the
resulting product; and finally subjecting the product to a
softening wash.
Further characteristics and advantages of the method
according to the present invention will become apparent from
the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment
of the textile products according to the invention.
The method for manufacturing said textile products
entails first of all preparing a textile foundation made of
non-woven fabric formed with thermoplastic fibers,
particularly constituted by polyester fibers.
It should be noted that the textile foundation has a
paperlike appearance which resembles in particular parchment
and vellum.
The textile foundation made of non-woven fabric is then
impregnated with a slight spreading of polyurethane suitable
to assuredly give the product stability and resistance to
sewing and tearing.
The resulting product is preferably constituted by 48%
polyester fibers and 52% polyurethane.
The resulting product is then subjected to a dyeing
step in order to obtain the intended color without however
concealing the pattern formed by the loose fibers on the
surface of the non-woven fabric.
In order to apply the color it is possible to provide a
low-temperature dyeing in the piece, which is suitable to
provide a fabric having an uneven color distribution.
As an alternative, it is possible to provide a so-called
"star" dyeing in the fabric which is suitable to give
the fabric an opalescent appearance.
It is also possible to impregnate the fibers with dyed
transparent polyurethane, which is suitable to give the
material a more uniform appearance without hiding the basic
pattern of the textile foundation of non-woven fabric.
The choice of the dyeing method used clearly depends on
the characteristics to be given to the textile product for
the intended uses.
Finally, the textile product is subjected to washing in
the piece, which is suitable to give the fabric a suitable
softness for use in the clothing field.
This softening wash is performed in water at the
temperature of 30oC with a pH of 8.
The described method therefore allows to provide
textile products of the non-woven fabric type which have
high resistance to sewing and tearing, particularly such as
to allow their use in the clothing field.
The fact should be stressed that the spreading of
polyurethane, in addition to providing the required
strength, ensures perfect protection against weather such as
rain and wind.
The textile products thus obtained furthermore have the
chosen coloring and have a softness which allows them to
provide optimum fit in the clothing field.
In the practical execution of the invention, the shape
and the dimensions may be any according to requirements.
Claims (8)
- A method for manufacturing textile products, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: preparing a textile foundation of non-woven fabric made of thermoplastic fibers; impregnating said textile foundation of non-woven fabric with a spreading of polyurethane; dyeing the resulting product; and finally subjecting the resulting product to a softening wash.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a dyeing in the piece at low temperature is performed which is suitable to produce an uneven color distribution.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of performing a so-called "star" dyeing in the fabric which is suitable to give an opalescent appearance.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of impregnating said fibers with dyed transparent polyurethane which is suitable to give a uniform appearance to said textile product.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said softening wash is performed in water at a temperature of 30oC with a pH of 8.
- A textile product constituted by a textile foundation made of non-woven fabric with thermoplastic fibers, characterized in that said textile foundation made of non-woven fabric is impregnated with a spreading of polyurethane.
- A textile product according to claim 6, characterized in that said textile foundation impregnated with said spreading is constituted by 48% polyester fibers and 52% polyurethane.
- A textile product according to claim 6, characterized in that said textile foundation made of non-woven fabric impregnated with said polyurethane spreading is subjected to a dyeing step and to a softening wash.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT97BO000002A IT1290629B1 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-01-07 | METHOD FOR MAKING TEXTILE PRODUCTS AND TEXTILE PRODUCT SO OBTAINED. |
| ITBO970002 | 1997-01-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0852271A2 true EP0852271A2 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
| EP0852271A3 EP0852271A3 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
Family
ID=11341819
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97122881A Withdrawn EP0852271A3 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-12-24 | Method for manufacturing textile products and textile product thus manufactured |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0852271A3 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1290629B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3751290A (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1973-08-07 | Ici America Inc | Nonwoven fabrics |
| EP0272941A2 (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-06-29 | AUSCHEM S.p.A. | Process for improving the dyeability of woven or non-woven textiles |
| EP0609730A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-10 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Waterproof, moisture vapor permeable polymers, films and coated textiles and other materials |
| US5372878A (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1994-12-13 | Yamasa Momi Kikaku Co., Ltd. | Slackened or creased fibrous sheet |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62110990A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1987-05-22 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Production of sheets with leather-like touch |
| JPH09119049A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-05-06 | Yoshimitsu Saito | Spun-laced nonwoven fabric of vegetable fiber imparted with flexibility and bulkiness |
-
1997
- 1997-01-07 IT IT97BO000002A patent/IT1290629B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-24 EP EP97122881A patent/EP0852271A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3751290A (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1973-08-07 | Ici America Inc | Nonwoven fabrics |
| EP0272941A2 (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-06-29 | AUSCHEM S.p.A. | Process for improving the dyeability of woven or non-woven textiles |
| US5372878A (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1994-12-13 | Yamasa Momi Kikaku Co., Ltd. | Slackened or creased fibrous sheet |
| EP0609730A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-10 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Waterproof, moisture vapor permeable polymers, films and coated textiles and other materials |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 326 (C-454), 23 October 1987 & JP 62 110990 A (KURARAY CO LTD), 22 May 1987 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 097, no. 009, 30 September 1997 & JP 09 119049 A (SAITO YOSHIMITSU), 6 May 1997 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0852271A3 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
| ITBO970002A1 (en) | 1998-07-07 |
| IT1290629B1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
| ITBO970002A0 (en) | 1997-01-07 |
| ITBO970002A3 (en) | 1998-07-07 |
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