EP0851092A1 - Drill bit provided with shock absorbers - Google Patents

Drill bit provided with shock absorbers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0851092A1
EP0851092A1 EP97403045A EP97403045A EP0851092A1 EP 0851092 A1 EP0851092 A1 EP 0851092A1 EP 97403045 A EP97403045 A EP 97403045A EP 97403045 A EP97403045 A EP 97403045A EP 0851092 A1 EP0851092 A1 EP 0851092A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling tool
tool according
housing
stud
elastomer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97403045A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0851092B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Besson
Robert Delwiche
Pierre Lecour
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Diamant Boart Stratabit SA
TotalEnergies SE
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Diamant Boart Stratabit SA
Total SE
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Publication of EP0851092A1 publication Critical patent/EP0851092A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drilling tool which is provided with means for absorbing the trepidation of which it is the seat during drilling.
  • These tremors which are generated in particular when the tool encounters heterogeneous or hard layers, can sometimes lead to destruction or damage to certain parts sensitive to the tool, such as the cutting structure.
  • EP 0 532 869 discloses a tool for borehole which has a cavity into which a irrigation fluid supply channel, said cavity comprising a thin wall provided with a orifice through which the fluid can flow outside and an opening in which an element is crimped cylindrical flat in elastomeric material.
  • the elastomer element deforms like a membrane and its outer surface is applied in contact tight with the wall of the freshly drilled formation, this which has the effect, in the case of a plastic formation, of compact it and protect it from the impact of the fluid irrigation.
  • the elastomer block is not likely to dampen the trepidation of the tool.
  • the present invention provides a drilling tool provided with damping means which absorb vibrations protect the cutting edges against any damage.
  • the drilling tool according to the invention conforms to the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the damping pads in elastomer have been shown to have good resistance to of wear and tear, although they work in conditions extreme stresses, such as high temperature and high shear forces. This quality, combined with their natural elasticity, allows them to dampen vibrations of the drilling tool.
  • the tool 10 of FIG. 1 includes a drilling head 12 provided with a tubular end 14 externally threaded which is used to assemble the tool to a train of drive tubes, not shown.
  • a plurality of ribs or blades are formed 16 separated by grooves 18.
  • each blade On the outer face 20 of each blade are implanted a series of cutting edges 26, of any known type, constituted for example by natural diamond pellets, synthetic diamond, PDC or thermostable diamond.
  • the cutters are either set on the blade or carried by tungsten carbide peduncles attached to the tool.
  • the tool is provided with a plurality damping elements 28 intended to dampen the the tool is the seat during drilling.
  • the damping elements 28 can be fixed on a any part of the tool, for example on the face outside 20 of the blades or on the tool guard.
  • the elements shock absorbers 28 are fixed on the conical knobs 30, by example between the cutters 26, or between the rows of cutting edges, or around the wheels, or on the arms 32 which carry the wheels.
  • Each damping element 28 is constituted by a stud elastomer which may have any suitable form, for example cylindrical, parallelepiped, cubic, pyramidal, frustoconical or spherical.
  • the stud is pressed on a part of its length inside a receptor housing formed on the surface of the tool and the remaining part of its length protrudes outside the housing forming a protrusion relative to the surface of the tool.
  • the studs are embedded in the inside of sheaths 34 in the form of a closed-bottomed bowl, said sheaths being themselves fixed in housings blind 36 formed on the surface of the tool. They can also be inserted directly inside the housing 36, without the use of a sheath ( Figure 4).
  • the studs have a height above the surface of the tool which can be equal, less than or greater than the height of the cutters above the surface of the tool, so that their vertices can be located respectively at same level, set back or projecting from heights of the heights.
  • the pad 28 is separated from the bottom of the accommodation by a bedroom 38.
  • room 38 In order to allow hydrostatic pressure balancing which is exerted on the stud, and consequently, the free deformation of the stud, room 38 must communicate with the environment outside. This communication can be done either by a axial channel 42 drilled in the stud, either by a channel 44 drilled in the tool, either again through the two channels at the time. This improves the elasticity of the stud and therefore its damping power.
  • FIG. 6 represents a pad 28 in which is embedded a helical spring 46. This spring improves the resistance and the elasticity and damping performance of the pad.
  • the pad of Figure 7 is covered on the surface of its protruding part of an anti-abrasion layer 48 relatively hard, made for example of carbide tungsten or by a diamond concretion.
  • This stud has a longer service life than previous studs.
  • Layer 48 is fixed by means of an annular flange 49 which snaps into an annular groove formed at the part top of the stud, but it can also be fixed by collage.
  • the pad 28 is tapered and is protected on its projecting part by an abrasion-resistant cap 50, made of tungsten carbide.
  • the hat can itself be covered with a plate in dome shape 51 in PDC.
  • the lower part of the stud 28 is forced into the interior of a frustoconical housing of complementary shape formed in a sheath 34.
  • the stud shown in Figure 9 has at its base a protruding peripheral flange 52 which fits into a complementary circular groove formed in the wall side of the housing 36 at the bottom level.
  • the stud is like this retained against any accidental withdrawal.
  • the sheath 34 is retained in the housing 36 by a ring elastic slit 54 which fits into a groove device formed at the entrance to the accommodation.
  • FIG. 11 Another way to hold the stud in the housing is illustrated by figure 11.
  • the stud is provided at its base with a peripheral flange 52 and it is housed in a ring 56 externally threaded and provided with a counter-bore provided to receive the flange.
  • the assembly is done by introducing the stud in the ring by the lower end of the latter, then by screwing the ring into the housing 36.
  • the stud does not can no longer leave his home.
  • the element shock absorber consists of two parts: a block in elastomer 28 of cylindrical or parallelepiped shape and a pin 58 made of hard material, for example carbide tungsten, which rests on block 28. This presents at mid-height a peripheral groove 60 which gives it a better ability to be compressed.
  • the block is received at the inside of a box 62 in the shape of a bowl, of height slightly higher than that of the block.
  • the pin 58 has a flat base 66 of the same surface that the elastomer block and fitted in the center of its face upper of a finger 68 of smaller section.
  • the housing is made in two parts: a tubular ring 72 threaded externally and a bottom 74 which is screwed at the end bottom of the ring.
  • an elastomer block 28 which rests on the bottom 74 and, partially, a ball 78 in steel, tungsten carbide or diamond material. A portion of ball of volume less than half a sphere made protruding from the ring.
  • the elastomer block present on its upper surface a hemispherical seat on which the ball rests. This is held in place by a flange 80 of the ring, curved towards the inside.
  • none part of the elastomer block 28 is not in contact with the rock. Tool vibrations are transmitted by the tungsten carbide part to the block which absorbs them.
  • the damping element illustrated in FIG. 14 is composed of three pieces. It includes a tubular sheath 82, fixed in the housing 36, a tubular sleeve in elastomer 84 which covers the inner wall of the sheath and a central part 86 of steel or tungsten carbide which is immobilized without friction inside the muff. This extends over the entire height of the sheath and protrudes slightly above the end upper sheath. The central part 86 protrudes at the outside of the sheath and its lower end is spaced from the bottom of the sheath.
  • the chamber 38 which is formed in the bottom of the housing is connected to the outside, either directly by an axial passage 42 drilled in the central part, either through a passage 44 drilled in the tool.
  • the general axis of the damping element is inclined on the side of the direction of movement f of the tool.
  • the advantage of this orientation is that it makes it possible to reduce the tilting of the central part 86, since the reaction force F which is exerted on it in the opposite direction to the arrow f admits a component F 1 according to the axis of the part 86 and which therefore has no tilting action on the part.
  • the part 86 therefore has a movement essentially directed in the direction of the axis of the housing 36.
  • the sleeve 84 which is clamped between a part fixed (sheath 82) and a moving part (the central part 86), is therefore subject to shear forces which dampen the amplitude of the vibrations of the tool.

Abstract

A drilling tool has a bit fitted with damping elements (28), at least some of which consist of elastomeric material and each of which consists of a stud projecting from a recess (36) in the tool surface. Each stud is capable of deforming to absorb tool vibrations. The projecting portion of each stud (28) may be covered with an abrasion protective coating, e.g. of tungsten carbide or diamond-containing material, which may itself be covered with a dome of PDC.

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention concerne un outil de forage qui est muni de moyens permettant d'amortir les trépidations dont il est le siège pendant le forage. Ces trépidations, qui sont générées notamment lorsque l'outil rencontre des couches hétérogènes ou dures, peuvent parfois entraíner la destruction ou l'endommagement de certaines parties sensibles de l'outil, telles que la structure de coupe.The present invention relates to a drilling tool which is provided with means for absorbing the trepidation of which it is the seat during drilling. These tremors, which are generated in particular when the tool encounters heterogeneous or hard layers, can sometimes lead to destruction or damage to certain parts sensitive to the tool, such as the cutting structure.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pour le brevet US 4 253 533, on connaít un outil de forage selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Cet outil est muni de deux patins en élastomère disposés diamétralement et, entre ces derniers, d'une pluralité de taillants de coupe en diamant ou analogue. Lesdits patins ont une hauteur inférieure à celle des taillants, de sorte que que seules les extrémités de ces derniers font saillie par rapport à la surface extérieure des patins. La pénétration des taillants dans la formation est de ce fait limitée à une profondeur au plus égale à la hauteur dont ils dépassent les patins. Les taillants ne subissent donc que des contraintes très inférieures à celles qu'ils auraient subi s'ils pénétraient de toute leur hauteur dans la formation.For US Patent 4,253,533, we know a tool drilling according to the preamble of claim 1. This tool has two elastomer pads arranged diametrically and, between these, a plurality of diamond cutting bits or the like. Said skates have a height lower than that of the cutting edges, so that only the ends of these protrude relative to the outer surface of the pads. The cutting the penetration of the cutters is therefore limited to a depth at most equal to the height they protrude the skates. The cutters therefore only suffer constraints much lower than they would have suffered if they entered their full height into the training.

Toutefois, ces patins sont complètement inefficaces pour amortir les trépidations dont l'outil est le siège lors du forage.However, these skates are completely ineffective for dampen the tremors of which the tool is the seat during the drilling.

Par le brevet EP 0 532 869, on connaít un outil de forage qui présente une cavité dans laquelle débouche un canal d'amenée d'un fluide d'irrigation, ladite cavité comportant une paroi de faible épaisseur pourvue d'un orifice par lequel le fluide peut s'écouler à l'extérieur et d'une ouverture dans laquelle est serti un élément cylindrique plat en matière élastomère. Sous l'action de la pression qu'exerce le fluide d'irrigation dans la cavité, l'élément en élastomère se déforme à la façon d'une membrane et sa surface extérieure vient s'appliquer en contact étanche avec la paroi de la formation fraíchement forée, ce qui a pour effet, dans le cas d'une formation plastique, de la compacter et de la protéger de l'impact du fluide d'irrigation. On voit qu'ici également, le bloc d'élastomère n'est pas susceptible d'amortir les trépidations de l'outil.EP 0 532 869 discloses a tool for borehole which has a cavity into which a irrigation fluid supply channel, said cavity comprising a thin wall provided with a orifice through which the fluid can flow outside and an opening in which an element is crimped cylindrical flat in elastomeric material. Under the action of pressure exerted by the irrigation fluid in the cavity, the elastomer element deforms like a membrane and its outer surface is applied in contact tight with the wall of the freshly drilled formation, this which has the effect, in the case of a plastic formation, of compact it and protect it from the impact of the fluid irrigation. We see that here also, the elastomer block is not likely to dampen the trepidation of the tool.

La présente invention propose un outil de forage muni de moyens amortisseurs qui permettent d'amortir les vibrations de l'outil et de protéger ainsi les taillants de coupe contre tout dommage.The present invention provides a drilling tool provided with damping means which absorb vibrations protect the cutting edges against any damage.

L'outil de forage selon l'invention est conforme à la partie caractérisante de la revendication 1.The drilling tool according to the invention conforms to the characterizing part of claim 1.

De façon surprenante, les plots amortisseurs en élastomère se sont avérés avoir une bonne résistance vis-à-vis de l'usure, bien qu'ils travaillent dans des conditions de contraintes extrêmes, telles qu'une température élevée et des forces de cisaillement importantes. Cette qualité, alliée à leur élasticité naturelle, leur permet de bien amortir les vibrations de l'outil de forage.Surprisingly, the damping pads in elastomer have been shown to have good resistance to of wear and tear, although they work in conditions extreme stresses, such as high temperature and high shear forces. This quality, combined with their natural elasticity, allows them to dampen vibrations of the drilling tool.

D'autres caractéristiques des éléments amortisseurs de l'invention sont décrites dans les revendications secondaires.Other characteristics of the damping elements the invention are described in the claims secondary.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre faite en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un outil de forage monobloc muni d'éléments amortisseurs selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe agrandie selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un outil de forage tricône muni d'éléments amortisseurs selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe partielle à plus grande échelle d'un plot en élastomère serti dans l'outil, selon un premier mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe d'un plot en élastomère pourvu d'un canal axial ;
  • la figure 6 montre un plot en élastomère renforcé par un ressort hélicoïdal ;
  • la figure 7 représente un plot en élastomère protégé par une couche anti-abrasive ;
  • la figure 8 représente un plot en élastomère muni d'une calotte anti-abrasive ;
  • la figure 9 montre un plot en élastomère pourvu en son fond d'une bride pour sa rétention dans un logement récepteur ;
  • la figure 10 représente un plot en élastomère fixé dans une gaine, elle-même retenue dans un logement récepteur au moyen d'une bague élastique fendue ;
  • la figure 11 montre un plot en élastomère fixé dans une gaine qui est vissée dans un logement récepteur ;
  • la figure 12 montre un élément amortisseur en deux pièces ;
  • la figure 13 montre une variante de réalisation de l'élément amortisseur de la figure 12 ; et
  • la figure 14 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un élément amortisseur en deux pièces.
    • The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a one-piece drilling tool provided with damping elements according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a tricone drill tool provided with damping elements according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 is a partial sectional view on a larger scale of an elastomer stud crimped into the tool, according to a first embodiment;
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of an elastomer pad provided with an axial channel;
  • Figure 6 shows an elastomer pad reinforced by a helical spring;
  • FIG. 7 represents an elastomer pad protected by an anti-abrasive layer;
  • FIG. 8 represents an elastomer pad provided with an anti-abrasive cap;
  • FIG. 9 shows an elastomer block provided at its bottom with a flange for its retention in a receiving housing;
  • FIG. 10 represents an elastomer block fixed in a sheath, itself retained in a receiving housing by means of a split elastic ring;
  • FIG. 11 shows an elastomer block fixed in a sheath which is screwed into a receiving housing;
  • Figure 12 shows a two-piece damping element;
  • Figure 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the damping element of Figure 12; and
  • Figure 14 shows another embodiment of a two-piece damping element.

    • DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE MODES DE REALISATION PREFERES DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

    L'invention sera expliquée dans le cas de l'outil de forage monobloc à lames 10 représenté sur la figure 1 et de l'outil tricône représenté à la figure 3, mais ce choix n'est pas limitatif car l'invention s'applique également à tous les types d'outils de forage monoblocs et à molettes coniques rotatives. The invention will be explained in the case of the monobloc drilling with blades 10 shown in FIG. 1 and the tricone bit tool shown in Figure 3, but this choice is not limiting since the invention also applies to all types of monoblock and roller drilling tools rotating conical.

    De façon connue en soi, l'outil 10 de la figure 1 comprend une tête de forage 12 munie d'un embout tubulaire 14 fileté extérieurement qui sert à assembler l'outil à un train de tubes d'entraínement, non représenté. Autour de la tête sont formées une pluralité de nervures ou lames 16 séparées par des sillons 18.In a manner known per se, the tool 10 of FIG. 1 includes a drilling head 12 provided with a tubular end 14 externally threaded which is used to assemble the tool to a train of drive tubes, not shown. Around the a plurality of ribs or blades are formed 16 separated by grooves 18.

    Sur la face extérieure 20 de chaque lame sont implantés une série de taillants de coupe 26, de tout type connu, constitués par exemple par des pastilles en diamant naturel, en diamant synthétique, en PDC ou en diamant thermostable. Les taillants sont soit sertis sur la lame, soit portés par des pédoncules en carbure de tungstène fixés sur l'outil.On the outer face 20 of each blade are implanted a series of cutting edges 26, of any known type, constituted for example by natural diamond pellets, synthetic diamond, PDC or thermostable diamond. The cutters are either set on the blade or carried by tungsten carbide peduncles attached to the tool.

    Selon l'invention, l'outil est muni d'une pluralité d'éléments amortisseurs 28 destinés à amortir les trépidations dont l'outil est le siège lors du forage.According to the invention, the tool is provided with a plurality damping elements 28 intended to dampen the the tool is the seat during drilling.

    Les éléments amortisseurs 28 peuvent être fixés sur une partie quelconque de l'outil, par exemple sur la face extérieure 20 des lames ou sur la garde de l'outil.The damping elements 28 can be fixed on a any part of the tool, for example on the face outside 20 of the blades or on the tool guard.

    Dans le cas du tricône de la figure 3, les éléments amortisseurs 28 sont fixés sur les molettes coniques 30, par exemple entre les taillants 26, ou entre les rangées de taillants, ou à la périphérie des molettes, ou encore sur les bras 32 qui portent les molettes.In the case of the tricone bit in Figure 3, the elements shock absorbers 28 are fixed on the conical knobs 30, by example between the cutters 26, or between the rows of cutting edges, or around the wheels, or on the arms 32 which carry the wheels.

    Chaque élément amortisseur 28 est constitué par un plot élastomère pouvant avoir toute forme appropriée, par exemple cylindrique, parallélépipédique, cubique, pyramidale, tronconique ou sphérique. Le plot est enfoncé sur une partie de sa longueur à l'intérieur d'un logement récepteur formé sur la surface de l'outil et la partie restante de sa longueur fait saillie à l'extérieur du logement en formant une protubérance par rapport à la surface de l'outil.Each damping element 28 is constituted by a stud elastomer which may have any suitable form, for example cylindrical, parallelepiped, cubic, pyramidal, frustoconical or spherical. The stud is pressed on a part of its length inside a receptor housing formed on the surface of the tool and the remaining part of its length protrudes outside the housing forming a protrusion relative to the surface of the tool.

    Comme le montre la figure 2, les plots sont enchâssés à l'intérieur de gaines 34 en forme de cuvette à fond fermé, lesdites gaines étant elles-même fixées dans des logements borgnes 36 formés sur la surface de l'outil. Ils peuvent également être insérés directement à l'intérieur du logement 36, sans utilisation de gaine (figure 4). As shown in Figure 2, the studs are embedded in the inside of sheaths 34 in the form of a closed-bottomed bowl, said sheaths being themselves fixed in housings blind 36 formed on the surface of the tool. They can also be inserted directly inside the housing 36, without the use of a sheath (Figure 4).

    Les plots ont une hauteur au-dessus de la surface de l'outil qui peut être égale, inférieure ou supérieure à la hauteur des taillants au-dessus de la surface de l'outil, de sorte que leurs sommets peuvent se trouver respectivement au même niveau, en retrait ou en saillie par rapport aux sommets des taillants.The studs have a height above the surface of the tool which can be equal, less than or greater than the height of the cutters above the surface of the tool, so that their vertices can be located respectively at same level, set back or projecting from heights of the heights.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, le plot 28 est séparé du fond du logement par une chambre 38. Afin de permettre un équilibrage de la pression hydrostatique qui s'exerce sur le plot, et par suite, la libre déformation du plot, la chambre 38 doit communiquer avec le milieu extérieur. Cette communication peut se faire soit par un canal axial 42 percé dans le plot, soit par un canal 44 percé dans l'outil, soit encore par les deux canaux à la fois. On améliore ainsi l'élasticité du plot et donc son pouvoir amortisseur.In the embodiment of Figure 5, the pad 28 is separated from the bottom of the accommodation by a bedroom 38. In order to allow hydrostatic pressure balancing which is exerted on the stud, and consequently, the free deformation of the stud, room 38 must communicate with the environment outside. This communication can be done either by a axial channel 42 drilled in the stud, either by a channel 44 drilled in the tool, either again through the two channels at the time. This improves the elasticity of the stud and therefore its damping power.

    La figure 6 représente un plot 28 dans lequel est noyé un ressort hélicoïdal 46. Ce ressort améliore la résistance et les performances d'élasticité et d'amortissement du plot.FIG. 6 represents a pad 28 in which is embedded a helical spring 46. This spring improves the resistance and the elasticity and damping performance of the pad.

    Le plot de la figure 7 est recouvert sur la surface de sa partie saillante d'une couche anti-abrasion 48 relativement dure, constituée par exemple en carbure de tungstène ou par une concrétion diamantée. Ce plot a une plus longue durée de vie que les plots précédents. La couche 48 est fixée au moyen d'une bride annulaire 49 qui s'encliquette dans une rainure annulaire formée à la partie supérieure du plot, mais elle peut être fixée également par collage.The pad of Figure 7 is covered on the surface of its protruding part of an anti-abrasion layer 48 relatively hard, made for example of carbide tungsten or by a diamond concretion. This stud has a longer service life than previous studs. Layer 48 is fixed by means of an annular flange 49 which snaps into an annular groove formed at the part top of the stud, but it can also be fixed by collage.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 8, le plot 28 est tronconique et est protégé sur sa partie saillante par un chapeau anti-abrasion 50, en carbure de tungstène. Le chapeau peut être lui-même recouvert d'une plaquette en forme de dôme 51 en PDC. La partie inférieure du plot 28 est enchâssée à force à l'intérieur d'un logement tronconique de forme complémentaire formé dans une gaine 34.In the embodiment of Figure 8, the pad 28 is tapered and is protected on its projecting part by an abrasion-resistant cap 50, made of tungsten carbide. The hat can itself be covered with a plate in dome shape 51 in PDC. The lower part of the stud 28 is forced into the interior of a frustoconical housing of complementary shape formed in a sheath 34.

    Le plot représenté à la figure 9 comporte à sa base une bride périphérique saillante 52 qui vient s'insérer dans une rainure circulaire complémentaire formée dans la paroi latérale du logement 36 au niveau de fond. Le plot est ainsi retenu contre tout retrait accidentel.The stud shown in Figure 9 has at its base a protruding peripheral flange 52 which fits into a complementary circular groove formed in the wall side of the housing 36 at the bottom level. The stud is like this retained against any accidental withdrawal.

    Dans la variante de réalisation de la figure 10, la gaine 34 est retenue dans le logement 36 par une bague fendue élastique 54 qui s'insère dans une rainure périphérique formée à l'entrée du logement.In the alternative embodiment of FIG. 10, the sheath 34 is retained in the housing 36 by a ring elastic slit 54 which fits into a groove device formed at the entrance to the accommodation.

    Un autre moyen de retenir le plot dans le logement est illustré par la figure 11. Le plot est muni à sa base d'une bride périphérique 52 et il est logé dans une bague 56 filetée extérieurement et pourvue d'un contre-alésage prévu pour recevoir la bride. Le montage se fait en introduisant le plot dans la bague par l'extrémité inférieure de celle-ci, puis en vissant la bague dans le logement 36. Le plot ne peut alors plus sortir de son logement.Another way to hold the stud in the housing is illustrated by figure 11. The stud is provided at its base with a peripheral flange 52 and it is housed in a ring 56 externally threaded and provided with a counter-bore provided to receive the flange. The assembly is done by introducing the stud in the ring by the lower end of the latter, then by screwing the ring into the housing 36. The stud does not can no longer leave his home.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 12, l'élément amortisseur est constitué de deux pièces : un bloc en élastomère 28 de forme cylindrique ou parallélépipédique et un pion 58 en matière dure, par exemple en carbure de tungstène, qui prend appui sur le bloc 28. Celui-ci présente à mi-hauteur une gorge périphérique 60 qui lui confère une meilleure aptitude à être comprimé. Le bloc est reçu à l'intérieur d'un boítier 62 en forme de cuvette, de hauteur légèrement supérieure à celle du bloc.In the embodiment of Figure 12, the element shock absorber consists of two parts: a block in elastomer 28 of cylindrical or parallelepiped shape and a pin 58 made of hard material, for example carbide tungsten, which rests on block 28. This presents at mid-height a peripheral groove 60 which gives it a better ability to be compressed. The block is received at the inside of a box 62 in the shape of a bowl, of height slightly higher than that of the block.

    Le pion 58 comporte une embase plate 66 de même surface que le bloc d'élastomère et munie au centre de sa face supérieure d'un doigt 68 de plus faible section. Lors de l'assemblage, on enfonce le bloc dans le boítier jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne en contact du fond, puis on introduit l'embase du pion dans le boítier et l'on rabat par estampage les bords supérieurs 69 du boítier sur l'embase. Celle-ci se trouve alors prise en sandwich entre ledit bord rabattu et le bloc d'élastomère. Le doigt 68 fait saillie hors du boítier à travers un orifice 70 de section légèrement supérieure à celle du doigt. L'ensemble ainsi formé est ensuite fixé sur l'outil.The pin 58 has a flat base 66 of the same surface that the elastomer block and fitted in the center of its face upper of a finger 68 of smaller section. During assembly, we push the block into the housing until it comes into contact with the bottom, then we introduce the base of the pin in the case and we fold by stamping them upper edges 69 of the housing on the base. This is then finds itself sandwiched between said folded edge and the elastomer block. Finger 68 protrudes out of the case through a hole 70 of slightly section greater than that of the finger. The assembly thus formed is then fixed on the tool.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 13, le boítier est réalisé en deux parties : une bague tubulaire 72 filetée extérieurement et un fond 74 qui est vissé à l'extrémité inférieure de la bague.In the embodiment of Figure 13, the housing is made in two parts: a tubular ring 72 threaded externally and a bottom 74 which is screwed at the end bottom of the ring.

    Dans ce boítier, sont logés un bloc d'élastomère 28 qui repose sur le fond 74 et, partiellement, une bille 78 en acier, en carbure de tungstène ou en matériau diamanté. Une portion de bille de volume inférieur à une demi-sphère fait saillie hors de la bague.In this housing, are housed an elastomer block 28 which rests on the bottom 74 and, partially, a ball 78 in steel, tungsten carbide or diamond material. A portion of ball of volume less than half a sphere made protruding from the ring.

    Le bloc d'élastomère présente sur sa surface supérieure un siège hémisphérique sur lequel la bille repose. Celle-ci est retenue en place par un rebord 80 de la bague, incurvée vers l'intérieur.The elastomer block present on its upper surface a hemispherical seat on which the ball rests. This is held in place by a flange 80 of the ring, curved towards the inside.

    Dans les deux modes de réalisation précédents, aucune partie du bloc d'élastomère 28 n'est en contact avec la roche. Les vibrations de l'outil sont transmises par la pièce en carbure de tungstène au bloc qui les amortit.In the two previous embodiments, none part of the elastomer block 28 is not in contact with the rock. Tool vibrations are transmitted by the tungsten carbide part to the block which absorbs them.

    L'élément amortisseur illustré par la figure 14 est composé de trois pièces. Il comprend une gaine tubulaire 82, fixée dans le logement 36, un manchon tubulaire en élastomère 84 qui revêt la paroi intérieure de la gaine et une pièce centrale 86 en acier ou en carbure de tungstène qui est immobilisée sans frottement à l'intérieur du manchon. Celui-ci s'étend sur toute la hauteur de la gaine et fait légèrement saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure de la gaine. La pièce centrale 86 fait saillie à l'extérieur de la gaine et son extrémité inférieure est espacée du fond de la gaine.The damping element illustrated in FIG. 14 is composed of three pieces. It includes a tubular sheath 82, fixed in the housing 36, a tubular sleeve in elastomer 84 which covers the inner wall of the sheath and a central part 86 of steel or tungsten carbide which is immobilized without friction inside the muff. This extends over the entire height of the sheath and protrudes slightly above the end upper sheath. The central part 86 protrudes at the outside of the sheath and its lower end is spaced from the bottom of the sheath.

    Comme dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, la chambre 38 qui est formée dans le fond du logement est reliée à l'extérieur, soit directement par un passage axial 42 percé dans la pièce centrale, soit à travers un passage 44 percé dans l'outil.As in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the chamber 38 which is formed in the bottom of the housing is connected to the outside, either directly by an axial passage 42 drilled in the central part, either through a passage 44 drilled in the tool.

    A la différence des modes de réalisation précédents, l'axe général de l'élément amortisseur est incliné du côté du sens de déplacement f de l'outil. L'avantage de cette orientation est qu'elle permet de réduire le basculement de la pièce centrale 86, puisque la force de réaction F qui s'exerce sur celle-ci en sens inverse de la flèche f admet une composante F1 selon l'axe de la pièce 86 et qui n'exerce donc pas d'action de basculement sur la pièce.Unlike the previous embodiments, the general axis of the damping element is inclined on the side of the direction of movement f of the tool. The advantage of this orientation is that it makes it possible to reduce the tilting of the central part 86, since the reaction force F which is exerted on it in the opposite direction to the arrow f admits a component F 1 according to the axis of the part 86 and which therefore has no tilting action on the part.

    En fonctionnement, la pièce 86 a donc un mouvement alternatif essentiellement dirigé dans le sens de l'axe du logement 36. Le manchon 84, qui est serré entre une pièce fixe (la gaine 82) et une pièce mobile (la pièce centrale 86), est de ce fait soumis à des forces de cisaillement importantes qui amortissent l'amplitude des vibrations de l'outil.In operation, the part 86 therefore has a movement essentially directed in the direction of the axis of the housing 36. The sleeve 84, which is clamped between a part fixed (sheath 82) and a moving part (the central part 86), is therefore subject to shear forces which dampen the amplitude of the vibrations of the tool.

    Claims (19)

    Outil de forage, comportant une tête de forage munie de taillants de coupe, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni également d'une pluralité d'éléments amortisseurs (28 ; 68; 78 ; 84, 86) dont une partie au moins est en une matière élastomère, lesdits éléments amortisseurs étant constitués chacun par un plot comprenant une portion qui est sertie à l'intérieur d'un logement (36) formé sur la surface de l'outil et une portion qui fait saillie à l'extérieur dudit logement, et qui est susceptible de se déformer en absorbant les vibrations de l'outil.Drilling tool, comprising a drilling head provided cutting cutters, characterized in that it is provided also of a plurality of damping elements (28; 68; 78; 84, 86) at least part of which is in a matter elastomer, said damping elements being constituted each by a stud comprising a portion which is crimped to the interior of a housing (36) formed on the surface of the tool and a portion which projects outside of said housing, and which is liable to deform by absorbing tool vibrations. Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la portion saillante des plots a une hauteur supérieure à celle des taillants (26).Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting portion of the studs has a height higher than that of the cutters (26). Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la portion saillante des plots a une hauteur égale à celle des taillants (26).Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting portion of the studs has an equal height to that of the cutters (26). Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la portion saillante des plots a une hauteur inférieure à celle des taillants (26).Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting portion of the studs has a height lower than that of the cutters (26). Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les plots ont une forme cylindrique, hémisphérique, pyramidale, tronconique, parallélépipédique ou conique.Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the studs have a cylindrical shape, hemispherical, pyramidal, frustoconical, parallelepiped or conical. Outil de forage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le plot est serti dans une gaine (34 ; 72) qui est elle-même fixée dans le logement (36), par exemple par vissage ou au moyen d'un clips (54).Drilling tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the stud is crimped in a sheath (34; 72) which is itself fixed in the housing (36), for example by screwing or by means of a clip (54). Outil de forage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les plots sont placés en un endroit quelconque de l'outil, tel que le nez, les lames (16) ou la garde d'un outil monobloc, ou sur les molettes coniques tournantes (30), les bras (32) ou la garde d'un outil à molettes.Drilling tool according to one of the claims previous, characterized in that the studs are placed in anywhere on the tool, such as the nose, blades (16) or the guard of a monobloc tool, or on the wheels conical rotating (30), the arms (32) or the guard of a wheel tool. Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans la masse du plot est noyé un élément de renfort élastique, tel qu'un ressort hélicoïdal (46), destiné à être précontraint en compression.Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that in the mass of the stud is embedded an element of elastic reinforcement, such as a helical spring (46), intended to be prestressed in compression. Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie du plot qui fait saillie à l'extérieur du logement (36) est recouverte d'un revêtement protecteur anti-abrasion (48, 50), par exemple en carbure de tungstène ou constituée d'un matériau incluant du diamant.Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the stud which projects outside of the housing (36) is covered with a protective coating abrasion-resistant (48, 50), for example made of tungsten carbide or made of a material including diamond. Outil de forage selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement protecteur est lui-même recouvert d'une plaquette en forme de dôme (51) en PDC.Drilling tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the protective coating is itself covered with a dome-shaped plate (51) made of PDC. Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le plot est renforcé par une inclusion dans la masse de l'élastomère d'une charge constituée de fines particules de diamant.Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the stud is reinforced by an inclusion in the mass of the elastomer of a filler consisting of fine diamond particles. Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une chambre (38) est ménagée sous le plot (28), entre la base de celui-ci et le fond du logement (36).Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a chamber (38) is provided under the stud (28), between the base thereof and the bottom of the housing (36). Outil de forage selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le plot (28) est percé sur toute sa hauteur d'un canal (42) reliant la chambre (38) avec l'extérieur.Drilling tool according to claim 12, characterized in that the stud (28) is drilled over its entire height of a channel (42) connecting the chamber (38) with outside. Outil de forage selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que dans le fond du logement est percé un second canal (44) par lequel un fluide d'irrigation sous pression peut être injecté pour expulser les déblais qui s'accumulent dans le premier canal (42).Drilling tool according to claim 12, characterized in that a hole is drilled in the bottom of the housing second channel (44) through which an irrigation fluid under pressure can be injected to expel the cuttings which accumulate in the first channel (42). Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément amortisseur comprend un bloc d'élastomère (28) reçu dans le fond d'un boítier (62 ; 72, 74) en forme de cuvette, dont il n'occupe qu'une partie de la hauteur et une pièce en matière dure (58 ; 78), par exemple en carbure de tungstène, ladite pièce comportant une portion interne (66) qui occupe la partie restante du boítier et une portion externe (68) de plus faible section qui fait saillie à l'extérieur du boítier, les bords (69) de celui-ci étant rabattus sur la portion interne (66) de manière à empêcher ladite pièce (58 ; 78) de sortir du boítier.Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping element comprises a block elastomer (28) received in the bottom of a housing (62; 72, 74) bowl-shaped, of which it occupies only part of the height and a piece of hard material (58; 78), for example in tungsten carbide, said part comprising a internal portion (66) which occupies the remaining part of the housing and an outer portion (68) of smaller section which projects outside the housing, the edges (69) of the latter being folded over the internal portion (66) of so as to prevent said part (58; 78) from leaving the housing. Outil de forage selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce est constituée par un pion (58) comportant une embase plate (66) de même surface que le bloc d'élastomère et qui est munie au centre de sa face supérieure d'un doigt (68) de plus faible section.Drilling tool according to claim 15, characterized in that said part is constituted by a pin (58) comprising a flat base (66) of the same surface that the elastomer block and which is fitted in the center of its upper face of a finger (68) of smaller section. Outil de forage selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce est constituée par une bille (78) dont une portion de volume supérieur à une demi-sphère est reçue dans le boítier (72, 74) et dont l'autre portion fait saillie hors du logement.Drilling tool according to claim 15, characterized in that said part is constituted by a ball (78) of which a portion of volume greater than a half-sphere is received in the housing (72, 74) and the other of which portion protrudes from the housing. Outil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément amortisseur comprend un manchon (84) en matière élastomère étroitement ajusté dans une gaine (82) et une pièce centrale (86) immobilisée sans frottement à l'intérieur du passage intérieur du manchon, ladite pièce étant espacée du fond du logement récepteur (36) afin qu'elle puisse y coulisser et comportant une portion qui fait saillie à l'extérieur du logement et qui n'est pas recouverte par le manchon.Drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping element comprises a sleeve (84) of elastomer material tightly fitted in a sheath (82) and a central piece (86) immobilized without friction inside the interior passage of the sleeve, said part being spaced from the bottom of the receiving housing (36) so that it can slide there and comprising a portion which projects outside the housing and which is not covered by the sleeve. Outil de forage selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'axe de l'élément amortisseur est incliné du côté du sens de déplacement (f) de l'outil de manière que la force de réaction (F) que la formation exerce sur l'élément amortisseur admette une composante (F1) selon l'axe de celui-ci.Drilling tool according to claim 15, characterized in that the axis of the damping element is inclined on the side of the direction of movement (f) of the tool so that the reaction force (F) which the formation exerts on the damping element admits a component (F 1 ) along the axis thereof.
    EP97403045A 1996-12-24 1997-12-15 Drill bit provided with shock absorbers Expired - Lifetime EP0851092B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9615960 1996-12-24
    FR9615960A FR2757562B1 (en) 1996-12-24 1996-12-24 DRILLING TOOL WITH SHOCK ABSORBERS

    Publications (2)

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    EP0851092A1 true EP0851092A1 (en) 1998-07-01
    EP0851092B1 EP0851092B1 (en) 2000-02-02

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    US (1) US6102142A (en)
    EP (1) EP0851092B1 (en)
    AR (1) AR009844A1 (en)
    AU (1) AU718921B2 (en)
    CA (1) CA2223728A1 (en)
    CO (1) CO4771120A1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69701253T2 (en)
    FR (1) FR2757562B1 (en)
    NO (1) NO314670B1 (en)
    RU (1) RU2193644C2 (en)

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    CN102071878A (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-05-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司冀东油田分公司 Polycrystalline diamond compact
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    RU2556555C1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-07-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Чеченский государственный университет (ФГБОУ ВПО "Чеченский государственный университет") Cutter for rotary and rotary-percussion drilling
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    CN110145241A (en) * 2018-02-10 2019-08-20 西南石油大学 A kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling
    RU2726724C1 (en) * 2019-10-21 2020-07-15 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный технический университет" Cone bit
    CN113187402A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-30 西南石油大学 Diamond bit with self-adaptive buffer module

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    AU718921B2 (en) 2000-04-20
    RU2193644C2 (en) 2002-11-27
    US6102142A (en) 2000-08-15
    NO976069D0 (en) 1997-12-23
    NO314670B1 (en) 2003-04-28
    AU4928697A (en) 1998-06-25
    NO976069L (en) 1998-06-25
    FR2757562A1 (en) 1998-06-26
    EP0851092B1 (en) 2000-02-02
    DE69701253D1 (en) 2000-03-09
    DE69701253T2 (en) 2000-07-13
    FR2757562B1 (en) 1999-03-19
    AR009844A1 (en) 2000-05-03
    CA2223728A1 (en) 1998-06-24
    CO4771120A1 (en) 1999-04-30

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