CN110145241A - A kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of low torque diamond bits suitable for hard formation drilling, belong to drilling field.Drill bit mainly includes bit body, the wing for extending from bit body or being fixed on bit body, hydrophthalmia or nozzle and runner etc..It is characterized by: being provided with rolling element on the wing, and rolling element is only installed at least one wing, or at least one wing front and/or rear have the support for extending from the wing, and rolling element is installed on the support, the rolling element is installed in the groove of the wing or support.The present invention can significantly reduce torque-on-bit to the susceptibility of bit pressure, reduce cutting tooth and other downhole tools because of impact failure and fatigue failure caused by torque ripple, extend drilling life of bit；The stability for improving tool-face in directed drilling, to improve directive efficiency.

Description

A kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling

Technical field

The invention belongs to oil-gas drilling engineering, mine engineering, building foundation engineering drilling construction, geological drilling, The technical equipment fields such as geothermal drilling, hydrology probing, Tunnel Engineering, shield and no-dig technique, more particularly to a kind of Drilling bore bit.

Background technique

Drill bit is to fractured rock, the rock crushing tool of formation pit shaft in drilling engineering, and it is multiple that there are commonly polycrystalline diamonds Close piece drill bit (PDC drill bit), rock bit and diamond-impregnated bit.PDC drill bit is most common one in diamond bit Kind of drill bit, shears rock by high rigidity, high-wearing feature, the composite polycrystal-diamond with sharp ability, PDC drill bit with By means of the advantages such as rate of penetration is high in soft-medium hard formation, the service life is long, and drilling cost is low, in oil-gas exploration, geothermal drilling operation Etc. be widely used in engineerings.Usually all there is several wings, knife by the fixed cutter drill bits of representative of PDC drill bit On the wing along drill bit be arranged radially multiple cutting elements (to PDC drill bit, cutting element is mainly composite polycrystal-diamond, Abbreviation composite sheet or PDC tooth).

In drilling process, the composite sheet cutting tooth of PDC drill bit overcomes reservoir stress to eat under the action of bit pressure and torque Enter stratum and creeps into forward.The work characteristics of PDC drill bit fractured rock in a manner of shearing, compared to rock bit impact-rolling Broken rock mode, required driving torque is larger.In ideal drilling process, under certain bit pressure, the uniform wedging stratum PDC Constant depth, what is generated to rock is uniformly to scrape to cut, and torque feedback tends to be steady state.However, due to down-hole formation situation Complexity, especially bore meet soft or hard staggered stratum when, drill bit wedging depth of stratum frequently changes, torque-on-bit feedback Extent of vibration is also more violent.When serious, drill bit wedging depth of stratum is too deep, and will cause driving torque cannot drive drill bit to carry out Rotation causes drill bit to stall.Drill string continues to reverse under the driving of turntable at this time.When the accumulated energy of drill string be enough to overcome drill bit with Between stratum when the torque of interaction, drill bit is from stationary state to motion state transition, the energy abrupt release that drill string is accumulated, Drill bit is more than that the several times of normal speed accelerate rotation suddenly.Here it is the stick-slip phenomenons of drill bit.This phenomenon, Yi Yinqi drill bit and The high speed rotation and torsion battle array of drilling tool, make Cutter bear big circumferential shock loading, drill bit are caused to collapse tooth, damage, drilling tool Disconnected de- and other downhole tools and measuring instrument damage, seriously affects drilling efficiency.Meanwhile biggish torque ripple, can also The unstable of tool-face during directional drilling is caused, causes tool-face to put difficulty, slows down construction speed.In addition, due to PDC The change in depth on drill bit wedging stratum is especially sensitive to bit pressure, in addition the complexity of cutting tooth and rock interaction, and PDC drill bit is also It can also have a negative impact to bit life and rate of penetration in the presence of the extensional vibration along drill bit axial direction.

Therefore, the depth of drill bit wedging rock how is controlled, reduces torque-on-bit to the sensitivity of bit pressure, eliminates drill bit Card cunning suppresses jump, and torque-on-bit is made to be maintained at metastable motion state under given bit pressure, is to extend down-hole equipment and drill bit Service life, improve the important technology problem of drilling efficiency.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to: it proposes a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling, can significantly drop Torque-on-bit is to the susceptibility of bit pressure under complex working condition for low drill bit, the smoothness of torque feedback when improving bit drilling, To reduce because the big torque ripple of drill bit is impact failure and fatigue failure caused by cutting tooth and other downhole tools, improve The job stability and extension drilling life of bit of drill bit.Particularly, in directed drilling, this low torque drill bit be can be improved The stability of tool-face when oriented sliding is crept into, improves directive efficiency.

The object of the invention is realized by following technical proposals:

A kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling, including bit body, extend from bit body or be fixed on drill bit Wing, hydrophthalmia or nozzle, runner on body etc. are wherein provided with rolling element, and only install at least one wing on wing There are the front of rolling element or at least one wing and/or rear to have the support for extending from the wing, and is installed on the support There is rolling element, rolling element is installed in the groove of the wing or support.

It is concept well known in the art for drill body according to the present invention, tooth, wing, hydrophthalmia, nozzle, herein It does not repeat them here.

Diamond bit described in this patent, the cutting tooth being arranged on wing can be PDC cutting tooth, or Impregnated cutting tooth, or the combination of the two.The impregnated cutting tooth being arranged can be set to impregnated perpendicular tooth, also can be set For impregnated sleeping tooth, or the combination of the two.For sake of convenience, diamond tooth is replaced with PDC tooth below, but is not limited to PDC tooth.

In drill bit rock break-off process, the rolling element installed on drill bit wing or support, when rolling element is with rock contact It can be rolled in rock surface.On the one hand, when rolling element is contacted with stratum or invaded formation, contact of the rolling element with rock Region is far longer than sharp PDC tooth, and the ratio pressure between rock interaction is also relatively small, in this way, rolling element is just brill Head provides the biggish supporting surface that can be contacted with bottom rock, has shared the part bit pressure being applied on Cutter, The depth of tooth penetration of PDC cutting tooth is limited, to reduce torque-on-bit.It distinguishingly, can on bottom rock due to rolling element It is freely rotated, is rolling friction between rock and rolling element, reduces the friction torque between drill bit and rock, drill bit entirety torque It reduces.

The complexity of underground working when due to drilling well, rolling element directly contact that it is necessary to have certain wear-resisting, resistance to rock Pressure, impact resistance ability, material can be impregnated material, diamond, steel alloy, hard alloy, powdered metallurgical material, gold Belong to composite material or surface is coated with wear-resistant material etc..

Preferably, support is connected with two neighboring wing.

In above scheme, due to directly slotting not on former wing as the support of rolling element, both keep in this way The structural strength of original wing, while the installation position range of rolling element is wider, it is more flexible.And it can be according to the position of support Larger sized rolling element is set between emptying, preferably plays the role of reducing torque to drill bit.

Preferably, the relative altitude range of the cutting between cog of rolling element and drill bit be 0mm≤| H |≤5mm.

In above scheme, cutting profile (also known as crown profile) is one of the structure feature that bit weight is wanted, it reflects drill bit Upper operating position and state of each cutting element in shaft bottom fractured rock is a ground adaptability to drill bit, drilling property The structure feature that can be had a major impact.Such as Figure 24, diamond bit cuts chamfered shape parabolically shape at present, generally comprises interior Bore 120, crown 121(nasal region), 124 5 part of outer cone 122, shoulder 123 and gauge.Assuming that there is one to pass through brill on drill bit The section plane axial plane or axial plane of the point (referred to as) of certain point on head axis and drill bit.When drill bit is in rate of penetration When rotating under conditions of being zero around own axes, the land contour line and section plane or axial plane of cutting tooth are crossed to form intersection, The envelope of the intersection is known as the axial plane contour line or cutting tooth envelope of cutting tooth.The normal of any point on envelope is crossed, is claimed For the directional reference line for crossing the point.The axial plane contour line of all cutting tooths is pooled together to the shaft bottom coverage diagram to form drill bit. If Figure 23,24 are rolling element and shaft bottom coverage diagram of the PDC cutting tooth in drill axis plane.Due to depositing for rolling element In, drill bit in drilling, drill bit, which is eaten, has firmly got effective limitation, will be effectively prevented drill bit in drilling because eating deep mistake It is big or eat it is deep it is unstable caused by the changeable situation of torque-on-bit, can be good at the service life for protecting cutting tooth, improve and bore The sustainable drilling ability of head, simultaneously effective evading drill bit torque in directed drilling, changeable to cause tool-face to be difficult to control existing The presence of elephant.Different normal distances can be selected, according to different formation conditions to improve the adaptability of the drilling ability of drill bit.

This patent provides as follows: as Figure 17 crosses the normal direction reference line of any on envelope and intersect with rolling element in axial plane When a bit, if the distance between two o'clock (normal distance) is zero, i.e., two o'clock is overlapped, provide at this time rolling element and cutting tooth it Between relative altitude be zero；When intersection point is located on the outside of envelope, it is specified that height between the two is positive value, i.e. rolling element Higher than cutting tooth；When intersection point is located on the inside of envelope, it is specified that relative altitude between the two is negative value, i.e. rolling element is lower than Cutting tooth.It will be apparent that this patent, which is not limited to relative altitude, only has two kinds of situations of positive and negative, further include have it is positive and negative or 03 kinds of modes exist simultaneously, i.e., protrude cutting tooth envelope in the rolling element of some regions rolling element, roll in some regions The rolling element of dynamic element is zero within envelope, and in the relative altitude of both some regions.

Preferably, between the support body axis of rolling element and the normal direction reference line of fixed cutting tooth envelope point of intersection Angular range be 0 °≤| δ |≤60 °.

In the axial plane of drill bit, the enveloping outer enclosure of support body axis and cutting tooth is mutually given a bit, which is known as datum mark, It crosses between the cutting tooth normal direction reference line of datum mark and support body axis and forms internal acute angle delta, such as Figure 23.Its positive and negative regulation are as follows: benchmark Line is rotated clockwise when δ is overlapped with support body axis around datum mark and is positive, and is negative on the contrary.It should be selected according to different application conditions Different angles.

Preferably, rolling element is installed in the different location of drill bit profile.

Above scheme, rolling element are installed in the inner cone region of drill bit profile, can effectively prevent drill bit from the bottom of one's heart；It installs In crown region, rolling element can undertake more bit pressures, prevent drill bit from crossing wedging, reduce torque ripple；Due to outer cone region It is the maximum region of radius of turn on drill bit, the linear velocity of cutting tooth causes greatly cutting tooth to bear stronger shock loading, The cutting tooth in the region is also that torque-on-bit contributes maximum region simultaneously, installs rolling element in the region, can significantly drop Low torque-on-bit and cutting tooth shock loading.

Preferably, rolling element is made of rolling element and rolling support, rolling element can for spherical shape, cylinder, disc, Combinations dolioform and between them.

In above scheme, rolling element and rolling support are installed together composition rolling element, the processing is simple for this mode, It is easy to assembly.Rolling element of different shapes is selected, the way of contact, rolling form with rock be not also identical, can meet in this way Different formation conditions and bit performance requirement, the scope of application are wider.Such as spherical rolling body, working method is similar to multi-directional ball Structure, i.e. rolling element in rolling support can freedom and flexibility rotation, torque ripple of the drill bit under complex working condition can be greatly lowered It is dynamic；Its contact area with rock can be improved in cylindrical rolling element, can share bigger shock loading；Disc rolling element is in rock Stone surface scrolls, can be while reducing torque-on-bit, and the sword side of disk border can also invade rock simultaneously in a manner of rolling Broken (precrushing) rock forms ring-shaped groove on bottom rock surface, to play the effect of auxiliary drill bit cutter breaking rock.

Preferably, rolling element is provided with sealing device.

Above scheme, rolling element exist can flexible rotating landing torsion effect rolling element, whether rolling element can flexibly turn It is dynamic, it is very crucial to the drop torsion effect of drill bit.Operating condition due to drill bit in underground is very severe, and rolling element will bear higher Revolving speed and biggish load, if other fine particle media in fine rock chips or drilling fluid that cutting tooth is crushed invade Rolling element in the contact gap of rolling support body, can make rolling element because rotating it is not flexible due to wear-out failure quickly.Due to close The presence of seal apparatus can increase the working life of rolling element.

Preferably, it is provided with spring, cushion, hydraulic system between groove on rolling element supporter and support, Or the buffer system as made of said combination.

Above scheme, due to the presence of buffer system, the rolling element of rolling element is while rock surface rolls, rolling Dynamic element is whole can also to have a degree of mobile space relative to support or wing.Here movement refers to along support Install the movement in the depth of groove direction of rolling element.It is this to install mode, when drill bit is by biggish impact, especially come When from bottom rock along the impact in bit rotational axis direction, buffer system can absorb part impact energy, has to drill bit Certain buffering effect preferably plays the role of protecting cutting tooth.

Preferably, rolling element supporter is extrusion, Extrude Face can be cylinder, polygon, ellipse.

Above scheme, since the shape of rolling element supporter is common rule body, design is simple, installs processing side Just.

Preferably, being installed on movable gear wheel cutting structure and/or dise knife cutting structure on drill bit.

In above scheme, other cutting structures include stationary cutting structure and on-fixed cutting structure, stationary cutting structure It can be impregnated cutting structure, on-fixed cutting structure can be gear wheel cutting structure, dise knife cutting structure, impact cutting structure Or the combination of at least two cutting structures between them.It is different according to different formation conditions and drilling technology parameter selection Cutting structure combination, to enhance adaptability of the drill bit in particular formation.

Beneficial effect

1, the bigger bearing area and supporting point contacted with bottom rock can be provided for drill bit, increase the drilling of drill bit Stability.

2, rolling element is a kind of non-cutting type structure, it can share the part bit pressure being applied on Cutter, It limits in PDC tooth cutting process and crosses wedging, to eliminate drill bit stick slip vibration, reduce torque-on-bit fluctuation, avoid cutting tooth Premature failure extends drilling life of bit.

3, rolling element, which changes, installs fixed cutting depth control element on traditional drill bit, i.e., by cutting depth control Sliding friction between element and down-hole formation processed has become rolling friction, and the torque of drill bit is greatly lowered.Especially leading Into drilling well, be conducive to the stability of tool-face in orientation process, to improve directive efficiency.

4, when support is bridge-type form, the intensity of wing can be enhanced.Especially outer bridge type support is in gage areas When, moreover it is possible to enhance the self-righting ability of drill bit.

Detailed description of the invention

It, below will be to use required in embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of embodiment of the present invention Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not to be seen as It is the restriction to range, it for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be with root Other relevant attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.

Fig. 1 is a kind of low torque diamond bit schematic diagram suitable for hard formation drilling involved in the present invention arrived.

Fig. 2 is that rolling element is spherical rolling element schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is that another rolling element is spherical rolling element schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 is that rolling element is cylindrical rolling element schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is that cylindrical rolling element and end cap cooperate schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is the rolling element schematic diagram that rolling element is dish type.

Fig. 7 is multiple dish type rolling element schematic diagrames.

Fig. 8 is another dish type rolling element schematic diagram.

Fig. 9 is that rolling element is insert cone schematic diagram.

Figure 10 is that rolling element is mill teeth gear wheel schematic diagram.

Figure 11 has ball schematic diagram between rolling element and supporter.

Figure 12 is the rolling element schematic diagram with buffer unit and sealing.

Figure 13 is to have multiple rolling element schematic diagrames on rolling element.

Figure 14 is to have multiple rolling element schematic diagrames on supporter.

Figure 15 connected mode schematic diagram between rolling element and support.

Figure 16 is that rolling element and axle sleeve cooperate schematic diagram.

Figure 17 is the first rolling element and blind hole shaft sleeve connection schematic diagram.

Figure 18 is second of rolling element and blind hole shaft sleeve connection schematic diagram.

Figure 19 is the third rolling element and blind hole shaft sleeve connection schematic diagram.

Figure 20 is rolling element and through-hole axle sleeve connection schematic diagram.

Figure 21 is that the first universal ball structure has axial movement and scheme schematic diagram is freely rotated.

Figure 22 is that second of universal ball structure has axial movement and scheme schematic diagram is freely rotated.

Figure 23 be crown profile curve form and with rolling element angle schematic diagram.

Figure 24 is crown profile curve and rolling element relative altitude schematic diagram.

Figure 25 is to have the rolling element schematic diagram for moving axis on drill bit.

Figure 26 is that rolling element is installed in the general view of drill bit on independent floor support.

Figure 27 is that rolling element is installed in the drill bit top view on independent floor support.

Figure 28 is that rolling element installs the schematic diagram before wing.

Figure 29 is that rolling element is installed in the subsequent schematic diagram of wing.

Figure 30 is to install multiple rolling element schematic diagrames on independent floor support.

Figure 31 is that support is the hanging ennation schematic diagram of wing side wall.

Figure 32 is that support is wing side wall ennation schematic diagram.

Figure 33 is the schematic diagram that support is bridge architecture.

Figure 34 is the schematic diagram that support is outer bridge type support.

Figure 35 is that support is dam type support schematic diagram.

Figure 36 is the drill bit schematic diagram for being installed on impact cutting structure.

Figure 37 is the drill bit schematic diagram for being installed on dise knife cutting structure.

Figure 38 is the drill bit schematic diagram for being installed on dise knife cutting structure and gear wheel cutting structure.

Figure 39 is the drill bit schematic diagram for being installed on gear wheel cutting structure.

Specific embodiment

To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of embodiment of the present invention clearer, implement below in conjunction with the present invention The technical solution in embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described in attached drawing in mode, it is clear that described reality The mode of applying is some embodiments of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ability Domain those of ordinary skill every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, belongs to the present invention The range of protection.Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below and is wanted The scope of the present invention of protection is sought, but is merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, Every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belongs to this Invent the range of protection.

The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of drill bits.Refering to fig. 1, it including bit body 1, extends from bit body or is fixed on brill Wing or stationary cutting structure 2, hydrophthalmia or nozzle 3 on head body, are provided with cutting tooth 4 on wing 2, cutting tooth 4 can be PDC Tooth, or impregnated tooth.It is additionally provided with the rolling element 5 being made of rolling element 52 and rolling support body 51 on drill bit, rolls Element 5 is installed in 2 groove of corresponding support or wing.

Drill bit further includes drill axis 1a, fixed cutting tooth 41, gear wheel tooth 42, impact teeth 43, support body axis 50, branch Support body shell 51, ball 52, pedestal 511, end cap 512, bolt 54, sealing ring 55, steel ball 56, buffer unit 57, spring buffer Device 571, hydraulic damping device 572, washer buffer unit 573, circlip 58, axle sleeve 59, multi-directional ball group supporter 6, support 7, Cover board 71, gear wheel cutting structure 8, impact cutting structure 9, dise knife cutting structure 10, bizet curve 12, inner cone 120, crown 121, Outer cone 122, shoulder 123, gauge 124, normal 125.

Drill bit further includes drill axis, and in rock break-off process, drill bit can be rotated around drill axis, makes the cutting on wing 2 Relative motion occurs between tooth 4 and rock, thus rock cutting.The rock abolished, by chip space by drilling fluid carry into Annular space.

Such as Fig. 2, rolling element 5 is made of rolling element 52 and supporter 51；Supporter 51 is by end cap 512 and 511 groups of pedestal At end cap 512 is consolidated with pedestal 511 by welding or bolt 54, and rolling element 52 is between end cap 512 and pedestal 511 It is freely rolled in the space of composition.Due to the complexity of underground working, the material of rolling element 52 can be impregnated structure, artificial gold Hard rock, steel alloy, hard alloy, powdered metallurgical material and metallic composite etc. or surface wear-resistant material, so that rolling element With certain wear-resisting and shock resistance.Supporter 51 is extrusion, and stretching section can be cylinder, polygon, ellipse Circle, it is preferably cylindrical.

Such as Fig. 3, rolling element also can be only made of rolling element 52 and supporter 51.Supporter 51 divides or so two parts, and two Part is fixed together by way of welding.

Rolling element 5 is installed in the groove of wing 2 and/or support 7, specifically there is following methods.

Such as Fig. 1, rolling element 5 is directly installed where Cutter on wing 2, and this mode does not need to do drill bit Special design can save drill bit cloth tooth space, while also can reduce while not changing drill bit cutting structure itself The difficulty of processing of drill bit saves manufacturing cost.This structure type has several schemes available, and rolling element 5 is installed in cutting It cuts before tooth (Figure 28) and rolling element 5 installs behind cutting tooth (Figure 29) and their combination form.

" front " mentioned here refers to, for the cutting tooth on a certain wing, around brill when cutting tooth is normally crept into The direction of head axis rotation namely the direction of cutting tooth working face direction.It is on the contrary " back ".

Such as Figure 26,27,30, the support 7 of rolling element 5 is independently of the wing 2 where fixed cutting tooth, i.e., on the wing Do not install cutting tooth 4, and only rolling element 5.This structure, what support can be arranged is bigger, bigger so as to install The rolling element of the rolling element of size or more, it is more preferable that drop turns round damping effect.

The ennation of support 7 or wing side wall.The scheme of this structure is exemplified below.

With reference to Figure 32, the support 7 of rolling element 5 is not connect with drill body 1, but from 2 side of wing as cantilever beam Wall vacantly stretches out forward or/and backward, and this support style of this patent is referred to as the hanging ennation of wing side wall.This support style The flow channel space that drilling fluid and landwaste are discharged from shaft bottom is avoided, ensure that the cleaning and cooling of cutting tooth.

With reference to Figure 28,32, support 7 be 2 side wall of wing extend anteriorly out come part, and the part also with drill body 1 It connects, this support style is known as wing side wall ennation in this patent.Wing side wall ennation is also knife where cutting tooth A part of the wing.Since it links together with drill body 1, this structure can be in the premise for not weakening wing intensity itself Under, larger sized rolling element 5 is installed, while also improving the intensity of support 7, rolling element 5 can bear bigger load Lotus impact force.It is the support style that 2 side wall of wing extends back and forwardly and rearwardly extends that support 7, which similarly can be obtained,.

Further, support 7 is connected with adjacent two wing.

Be provided between two adjacent wings connect two wing wing connector, using the wing connector as The support 7 of rolling element 5.With reference to Figure 33, which is suspended on the runner between two wings.It is handed over due to being shaped like in road Bridge in logical, therefore the wing connector of this structure is known as bridge type seat structure by this patent.Bridge type seat structure can be rolling While kinetoplast 5 provides enough installation spaces and setting larger size rolling element 5, the discharge of drilling fluid and landwaste is also remained Flow channel space.Bridge type seat structure can be set in drill bit curve close to gage areas, also can be set in drill bit The crown of curve and inner cone region.

The form that another support 7 is connected with adjacent two wing, such as Figure 34 are set to drill bit for bridge type seat structure Gage areas.It is in due to it at close borehole wall of bit exterior, this patent is referred to as outer bridge seat.Outer bridge structure makes two-phase It is linked to be a smooth entirety at gauge between adjacent wing, forms all risk insurance diameter of drill bit regional area, increase bit gauge protection Area can play itself good righting effect, greatly improve the stability of drill bit, reduce bit whirl, and extending drill bit makes Use the service life；In addition, the cutting tooth at drill bit outer cone is big compared with other positions linear velocity for PDC drill bit, be easy by Bigger shock loading and fail, meanwhile, cutting tooth is also bigger than elsewhere to the torque contribution of drill bit at outer cone, by rolling element 5 are installed at outer cone, will greatly reduce at outer cone cutting tooth due to torque-on-bit increasing degree caused by crossing depth of tooth penetration, from And steady drill bit torque.

Distinguishingly, with reference to Figure 34, i.e., outer bridge type support is provided between every two adjacent blades.

In steerable drilling, drill bit needs certain lateral cutting ability.When drill bit slipping drilling carries out deflecting, leading To under the action of tool or skew-swept airfoil, the borehole wall is cut in the side that cutting tooth can tightly be attached to the borehole wall on the outside of drill bit, but Since, there are biggish flow channel space, wing has discontinuity, the i.e. appearance of drill bit in circumferential direction between adjacent blades Face is not a complete cylindrical surface, in this way, cutting tooth is with borehole wall contact process at drill bit outer cone and at gauge, there are one A wing is to the phenomenon that next wing transition, to will generate lateral impact vibration to drill bit and damage cutting tooth.This Kind outer bridge type support mode, can increase at bit gauge protection and the contact area of the borehole wall, be equivalent to and provide more for bit gauge protection More supporting points between rock of borehole, increases the cylindricity of bit face, keeps wing transition more stable, cutting tooth cutting process It is more stable.

Similar with outer bridge structure, which the is set to drill bit region far from gauge is such as pacified Set on crown and inner cone region, this structure type is known as interior bridge type support by this patent.This form can cut center portion region It cuts tooth and forms certain buffering and damping effect, to slow down the phenomenon from the bottom of one's heart that drill bit is generated by the failure of center portion cutting tooth.Especially In steerable drilling, the advantage of the support style is more obvious.

The embodiment that rolling element 5 is respectively set on the outer bridge type support of analogy and interior bridge type support, can be readily available It is provided with interior bridge structure and outer bridge structure simultaneously on drill bit and is all installed on this side of rolling element 5 on Wai Qiao and interior bridge Case, so that overlay area of the rolling element 5 on drill bit is wider, it is stronger to turn round cushioning effect to the drop of drill bit.

An other support style, with reference to Figure 35, the leading flank and trailing flank of the support 7 of rolling element 5 and adjacent two wing It is connected, and is also connected with bit body.This support style this patent is known as dam type support.It can be installed on and cut on dam type support Cutting spraying or surfacing on tooth, such as PDC tooth, hard-metal insert, impregnated tooth or table has wear-resistant material.

Alternatively, the shape of rolling element can be spherical shape, cylinder, disc, idler wheel shape, insert cone and mill teeth tooth Wheel and the combination between them.

Such as Fig. 2,3,52 shape of rolling element is spherical rolling body.Except spherical rolling is external, rolling shape can also be circle Cylindricality (Fig. 4,5)；Disc (Fig. 6) with bi-lateral support can mill out zigzag slot (Fig. 8) on disk；With bi-lateral support Idler wheel shape or multiple idler wheels (Fig. 7)；Insert cone (Fig. 9) and mill teeth gear wheel (Figure 10) with bi-lateral support.With spherical shape rolling Optimal case of the kinetoplast as this patent.

Rolling element 5 may be provided with sealing element 55(Fig. 5,11,12,13), with prevent external agency enter rolling member In part 5.May be provided with steel ball 56(Figure 11 in rolling element 5), to increase the flexibility and bearing capacity of the rolling of rolling element 52. It may be provided with the buffer unit 57 with certain elasticity between the rolling element 52 and pedestal 511 of rolling element 5, such as cushion, bullet Spring, hydraulic etc..

The distribution density of rolling element 52 and selection different bearer in rolling element 5 can be set according to different bearing requirements The rolling element 52 of ability.With reference to Figure 13, to be provided with multiple spherical rolling bodies 52 on rolling element 5.

Another rolling element, such as Figure 14 are to install multiple rolling elements 5 in a module.The module is also seen Doing is supporter 5.For convenient for distinguish, can by the module marks be 6, for convenient for narration, be still referred to as supporter.

Type of attachment between supporter 6 and support 7 is fixedly connected and is flexibly connected a variety of.The mode of being fixedly connected can be with The forms such as to weld and being interference fitted.It with reference to Figure 15, is positioned, is formed rotatable living by ball between supporter and support 7 Dynamic connection.

Settable axle sleeve 59(Figure 16 between supporter 6 and support 7), axle sleeve 59 has than the higher wearability of support 7.Axis Set 59 can be blind hole shaft sleeve or through-hole axle sleeve.Axle sleeve 59 is fixed in the groove of support by way of welding or being interference fitted. Pass through steel ball 56(Figure 17 between supporter 6 and axle sleeve 59) or circlip (Figure 18) limit, but can be rotated freely around its axis. With reference to Figure 19, buffer unit 57, such as spring, cushion are provided between axle sleeve 59 and supporter 6.

Such as Figure 20, axle sleeve 59 is through-hole, and axis, 59 inner holes are stepped hole, and axle sleeve 59 is by way of welding or being interference fitted It is fixedly arranged on support 7, its axial scope of activities, supporter 6 and axle sleeve 59 is limited by circlip 58 between supporter 6 and stepped hole Between or supporter 6 and support 7 between be provided with buffer unit 57.

Such as Figure 21, rotation connection is formed between supporter 6 and axle sleeve 59, and uses ball or circlip axial lock between the two It is fixed.Axle sleeve 59 is that multistage is ladder-like, there is cover board 71 between support 7, and cover board 71 is connect with support 7 by bolt 54.Axle sleeve The spring 571 worked as a buffer is connected between 59 and support 7.Further, can also be arranged between axle sleeve 59 and cover board 71 There is buffer gasket 573.

Such as Figure 22, rotation connection is formed between supporter 6 and axle sleeve 59, and uses ball or circlip axial lock between the two It is fixed, have the space of certain receiving hydraulic oil between axle sleeve 59 and support 7, hydraulic oil space and hydraulic system it is unidirectional for liquid The check valve 572 of disengaging flowing is connected.Rolling element 5 is in axial direction moved back and forth because being shaken during the work time, When space reduces, axle sleeve 59 pushes hydraulic oil to flow out from Outlet check valves, on the contrary, hydraulic oil is flowed into from import check valve, it is hydraulic The outflow and inflow of oil substantially reduce the axial vibration of rolling element 5.It further, can be between axle sleeve 59 and support 7 It is provided with spring 71 or buffer gasket.

Alternatively, such as Figure 23, the normal direction reference line of support body axis 50 and fixed 12 point of intersection of cutting tooth enveloping outer enclosure Between angular range be 0 °≤| δ |≤60 °.Further, taking the two angle is 0 °.

Alternatively, such as Figure 24, the relative altitude range of rolling element 5 and bit cutting between cog be 0mm≤| H |≤5mm. Further, relative altitude between the two is 0mm.

Such as Figure 25, rolling element 5 is 0~5mm relative to the shifting wheelbase S at bit body center.Can in this way from the point of view of, if roll When the axis 50 of element 6 intersects with drill axis 1a, moving wheelbase S is zero.Such as the axis 50 of supporter 6 is moved in the horizontal direction A distance S then forms the rolling element for moving axis.For the supporter that can be rotated freely in 7 groove of support, wheelbase is moved The turning power of supporter 6 can be improved in the presence of S, and then improves what rolling element 52 or rolling element 5 on supporter 6 rotated Uniformity.Further, supporter 6 is 0mm relative to the shifting wheelbase at bit body center.

Alternatively, there are at least one other movable cutting structures in addition to fixed diamond cutting structure on drill bit.

Other bascules can for impact cutting structure 9(Figure 36), dise knife cutting structure (Figure 37), gear wheel cutting knot Structure (Figure 39), or have at least two movable cutting structures, with reference to the gear wheel cutting structure and dise knife cutting structure in Figure 38.

The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, for this field For technical staff, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any Modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling, including bit body, extend from bit body or be fixed on brill Wing, hydrophthalmia or nozzle, runner on head body etc., it is characterised in that: rolling element, and at least one are provided on the wing Rolling element is only installed on wing；Or at least one wing front and/or rear have the support for extending from the wing, and Rolling element is installed on the support；The rolling element is installed in the groove of the wing or support.

2. low torque diamond bit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the support and two neighboring wing phase Even.

3. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described The relative altitude range of rolling element and bit cutting between cog be 0mm≤| H |≤5mm.

4. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Angular range between the support body axis of rolling element and the normal direction reference line of fixed cutting tooth envelope point of intersection is 0 °≤| δ|≤60°。

5. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Rolling element is installed in the different location of drill bit profile.

6. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Rolling element is made of rolling element and rolling support, and rolling element can be spherical shape, cylinder, disc, dolioform and/or they it Between combination.

7. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Rolling element is provided with sealing device.

8. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Spring, cushion, hydraulic system are provided between groove on rolling element supporter and support, or as made of said combination Buffer system.

9. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described Rolling element supporter is extrusion, and Extrude Face can be cylinder, polygon, ellipse.

10. a kind of low torque diamond bit suitable for hard formation drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute It states and is installed on movable gear wheel cutting structure and/or dise knife cutting structure on drill bit.