EP0850289B1 - Process and apparatus for producing fuel gas - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for producing fuel gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0850289B1
EP0850289B1 EP96942977A EP96942977A EP0850289B1 EP 0850289 B1 EP0850289 B1 EP 0850289B1 EP 96942977 A EP96942977 A EP 96942977A EP 96942977 A EP96942977 A EP 96942977A EP 0850289 B1 EP0850289 B1 EP 0850289B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasification
grate
medium
regulated
fuel gas
Prior art date
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EP96942977A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0850289A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Topf
Günter Reichert
Dieter Hahn
Günter Liebisch
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VER Verwertung und Entsorgung von Reststoffen GmbH
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VERWERTUNG und ENTSORGUNG VON
Verwertung und Entsorgung von Reststoffen GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the production of fuel gas from carbonaceous Products, especially those suitably conditioned or processed waste and residues.
  • DE-OS 33 12 863 is a method for burning of combustible material in the combustible exhaust gases of a combustion chamber be fed, known.
  • DE-PS 34 09 292 and DE-PS 37 05 406 are Gas generator in a unit with a combustion chamber as a so-called Gasification boiler known. These consist of one arranged above a movable grate Filling shaft, one at the filling shaft above the Grate subsequent reaction space, one below the Grate arranged combustion chamber and one inside the Combustion chamber provided flame tube.
  • DE-PS 926 978 specifies a gas generator in which the Gasification of the fuel in a cross-flow of the gasification agent he follows.
  • the front wall of the gasification duct is designed as an inclined grate, the superimposed, individually switchable wind chambers are upstream. This can be switched off wind chambers optionally, the combustion agent according to need Air or air and steam are fed, causing the combustion process can be influenced.
  • the invention has for its object a method and to create a device with which one high energy efficiency the purity of the in one Gasification apparatus generated gas and thus its Usability is expanded.
  • a largely full utilization of the used in the Waste or residual carbon one optimal usability of the fuel gas generated and a minimization of the pollutant discharge by which combustion exhaust gases escaping heat become.
  • the invention solves the problem for the method with the characterizing means of claim 1 and for Device with the characterizing means of the claim 2.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the device Claim 2 are characterized in the subclaims 3 and 4.
  • the suitably conditioned or prepared Waste or residues are called solids with air or an air or oxygen-containing gas mixture as Gasifying agent gasified in a gasifying apparatus.
  • the substance to be gasified and the gasifying agent in the Mixed flow led by the solid to be gasified passes through the gasification furnace from top to bottom and that Gasifying agents both from above and from below and sideways, at least sideways and on one of the others mentioned places, the solid bed is fed and the extraction of the fuel gas preferably at the lateral supply of the gasification agent opposite Side is done.
  • the regulation of the gasification process in the gasification apparatus takes place according to the invention by recording the temperature profile about the height of the gasification apparatus. Doing so the vertical position of the main gasification zone, accordingly the maximum temperature zone, via the movement of the sliding grate and thus the speed of the ash discharge regulated.
  • different optimal gasification temperature is about Size and composition of the gasification gas flow and the performance of the gasification furnace across the width of the Gasification agent supply through one above the other Feed points regulated.
  • the fuel gas generated can be completely or partially without further processing one under the gasifier in Unit arranged combustion chamber known per se Type supplied and the resulting combustion gases be used thermally.
  • the residual heat is by means of a Heat recovery boiler used thermally. After heat removal the combustion exhaust gas is subjected to flue gas cleaning, which preferably contains an activated coke filter, and then gets into the via a chimney The atmosphere.
  • the device for the production of fuel gas by gasification carbon-containing products, especially suitable ones Way conditioned and prepared waste and Residues, with air or with air or oxygen Gas mixture as a gasifying agent in one Gasification apparatus, preferably in a unit with one Combustion chamber, is characterized in that the gasifier equipped with a sloping grate is, which is preferably designed as a step grate, the enables the supply of the gasification agent and over a suitable mechanism in a pushing movement is.
  • the device the gasifier, surrounded by a two-layer insulation-cooling system, its layers through a perforated partition are separated, the outer insulating layer one or several openings for the cooling air inlet and the inner cooling layer one or more openings for the Have cooling air discharge.
  • the cold cooling gas flow usually the gasifying agent
  • the outer wall of the insulated cooling system cools, then the flowed through perforated partition and thus in the Follow also on the inner mantle of the gasifier is blown. This leads to intensive cooling the inner shell of the gasifier simultaneous advantageous preheating of the gasification agent.
  • the gasifier has a sloping grate 1 equipped, with part of the gasification agent to the gasifying substance is fed through this grate 1 and mainly does the job in the insert bag fully implement any carbon still present.
  • Another portion of gasification agent is the gasification furnace fed above the solid bed and has mainly the task of smoldering products of the gasified Flush substance into the gasification zone and thus the complete gasification.
  • the bulk of the Gasification agent is laterally over the gasification apparatus a feeder 2 supplied. By varying the width of the Lateral gas supply can be the dimension the gasification zone and thus the gasification performance become.
  • the inclined grate 1 is a stepped grate or otherwise than deviating from a flat shape trained and movably mounted as a sliding grate.
  • a suitable drive 4 By the thrust movement via a suitable drive 4 is the Ash is discharged through a discharge opening 5 and arrives into the ash collecting area 6.
  • the fuel gas is largely removed from the fuel gas and ash free of carbon-containing and mineral suspended particles.
  • Another feature of the invention is the insulated cooling system around the gasifier.
  • the cooling air arrives first in an outer insulating layer 7 and from there through the perforated partition 8 into an inner cooling layer 9, where the actual cooling of the gasification furnace jacket 12 takes place.
  • the preheated air leaves it Insulating cooling system with a 10 outlet and is called Gasification agent or combustion air used.
  • the regulation of the gasification process in the gasification apparatus takes place, as already described, by inclusion of the Temperature profile over the height of the gasifier.
  • the location of the main gasification zone becomes corresponding the maximum temperature zone, via the movement of the grate 1 and thus regulated by the ash discharge.
  • different optimal Gasification temperature is about size and composition of the gasification medium flow and the performance of the gasification apparatus accordingly across the width of the gasification zone the width of the gasifier feed several feeders 2 arranged one above the other are regulated.
  • the fuel gas generated can be completely or partially without further processing one under the gasifier in Unit arranged combustion chamber 11 known per se Type supplied and the resulting combustion gases be used thermally.
  • the residual heat is by means of a Heat recovery boiler used thermally. After heat removal the combustion exhaust gas is subjected to flue gas cleaning, preferably using an activated coke filter, and then enters via a chimney the atmosphere.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE96/01122 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 23, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 23, 1997 PCT Filed Jun. 26, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/01618 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 16, 1997The invention concerns a process and apparatus for gasifying carbon-containing products, in particular waste and residues conditioned or processed in a suitable way. Gasification takes place in a mixed flow composed of a counter flow, direct flow and transverse flow. A portion of the gasifying agent is introduced through an inclined grate in the form of a step grate and thrust grating and ash is removed at the bottom end of the grate. Fuel gas is drawn off above the upper level of the grate on the side opposite the lateral feed of the gasifying agent. The gasification apparatus is enclosed in a double-layer insulating/cooling system in which air is used as the insulator and coolant. The gasification process is regulated by the temperature profile of the gasification apparatus, the position of the principal gasification zone is adjusted by ash discharge, the gasification temperature is regulated by the flow of gasifying agent and the output is regulated by the width of the gasification zone. The fuel gas produced is used preferably for generating electricity in a work machine. Exhaust gases are purified preferably with the aid of an active coke filter.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Brenngas aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Produkten, insbesondere aus in geeigneter Weise konditionierten bzw. aufbereiteten Abfall- und Reststoffen.The invention relates to a method and a device for the production of fuel gas from carbonaceous Products, especially those suitably conditioned or processed waste and residues.

Nach der DE-OS 33 12 863 ist ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von brennbarem Gut, bei dem brennbare Abgase einer Brennkammer zugeführt werden, bekannt. Dabei werden die Abgase von innerhalb der Brennkammer zu deren Ausgang bzw. deren Ausgängen gesondert geführt und den gesondert geführten Abgasen Frischluft beigemischt. Damit soll ein möglichst vollständiger und störungsfreier Ausbrand der Abgase ermöglicht werden.According to DE-OS 33 12 863 is a method for burning of combustible material in the combustible exhaust gases of a combustion chamber be fed, known. The exhaust gases from inside the combustion chamber to its exit or Exits separately and the separately guided Exhaust gas mixed with fresh air. This is supposed to be one complete and trouble-free combustion of the exhaust gases be made possible.

Durch die DE-PS 34 09 292 und die DE-PS 37 05 406 sind Gaserzeuger in Baueinheit mit einer Brennkammer als sogenannte Vergasungsheizkessel bekannt. Diese bestehen aus einem oberhalb eines beweglichen Rostes angeordneten Füllschacht, einem sich an den Füllschacht oberhalb des Rostes anschließenden Reaktionsraum, einer unterhalb des Rostes angeordneten Brennkammer und einem innerhalb der Brennkammer vorgesehenen Flammrohr.By DE-PS 34 09 292 and DE-PS 37 05 406 are Gas generator in a unit with a combustion chamber as a so-called Gasification boiler known. These consist of one arranged above a movable grate Filling shaft, one at the filling shaft above the Grate subsequent reaction space, one below the Grate arranged combustion chamber and one inside the Combustion chamber provided flame tube.

Durch die Vergasungsführung in diesem Vergasungsheizkessel als Gleichstromvergasung, wobei der zu vergasende Stoff und das Vergasungsmittel von oben nach unten den Vergasungsapparat durchlaufen und das erzeugte Brenngas in unmittelbarer Nähe des Ascheaustrages abgezogen wird, kommt es zum Austrag von Kohlenstoffpartikeln durch das Brenngas und damit zu Problemen bei der Verbrennung des Gases in Form eines zu hohen Rest-CO-Gehaltes im Abgas. Through the gasification in this gasification boiler as direct current gasification, the substance to be gasified and the gasifier from top to bottom of the gasifier pass through and the fuel gas generated in in the immediate vicinity of the ash discharge, there is a discharge of carbon particles through the Fuel gas and thus problems with the combustion of the Gas in the form of too high a residual CO content in the exhaust gas.

Die DE-PS 926 978 gibt einen Gaserzeuger an, bei dem die Vergasung des Brennstoffes in einem Querstrom des Vergasungsmittels erfolgt. Die Vorderwand des Vergasungsschachtes ist dabei als schrägliegendes Rost ausgebildet, dem übereinanderliegende, einzeln abschaltbare Windkammern vorgelagert sind. Über diese abschaltbare Windkammern wird wahlweise, entsprechend dem Bedarf, das Verbrennungsmittel Luft oder Luft und Dampf zugeführt, wodurch der Verbrennungsprozeß beeinflußt werden kann.DE-PS 926 978 specifies a gas generator in which the Gasification of the fuel in a cross-flow of the gasification agent he follows. The front wall of the gasification duct is designed as an inclined grate, the superimposed, individually switchable wind chambers are upstream. This can be switched off wind chambers optionally, the combustion agent according to need Air or air and steam are fed, causing the combustion process can be influenced.

In der DE 38 16 085 A1 wird ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von bevorzugt in Feuerungsanlagen nutzbarem Gas aus problematischem Vergasungsgut beschrieben. In einem schachtartigen Festbettreaktor wird kopfseitig der Reaktorraum mit dem Vergasungsgut beschickt und bodenseitig das Vergasungsmittel zugeführt. Das Vergasungsgut wird in abwechselnd aufeinander folgenden stationären Phasen und Vorschubphasen schwerkraftabhängig im Reaktorraum verlagert. Das Vergasungsmittel wird über die Länge des Reaktorraums, im wesentlichen in gleichen Teilmengen verteilt, im Querstrom und im Gegenstrom zugeführt. Das Vergasungsmittel im Querstrom wird durch den Reaktorboden und zusätzlich in einer Teilmenge vertikal am unteren Ende des Reaktorraums eingeführt. Das Vergasungsmittel im Gegenstrom wird im Bereich der unten liegenden Oxidationszone eingeleitet. Bei der Verlagerung des Vergasungsmittels wird die Schwelzone und die Reduktionszone schichtweise zerstört bzw. umgeschichtet. Der Reaktorboden ist abwechselnd in mehrere ortsfeste und bewegliche Abschnitte unterteilt und unter einem Winkel zur Horizontalen geneigt angeordnet.DE 38 16 085 A1 describes a method and a device for the production of preferred in combustion plants usable gas from problematic gasification described. In a shaft-like fixed bed reactor, the head side the reactor space is charged with the gasification material and the gasifying agent is supplied at the bottom. The gasification material becomes in alternate successive stationary Phases and feed phases depending on gravity in Reactor room relocated. The gasification agent is over the Length of the reactor space, essentially in equal parts distributed, supplied in cross flow and in counter flow. The gasification agent in cross flow is through the reactor floor and additionally in a subset vertically on introduced lower end of the reactor space. The gasifier countercurrent is in the area below Oxidation zone initiated. When relocating the gasifier becomes the smoldering zone and the reduction zone destroyed or shifted in layers. The reactor floor is alternating into several fixed and moving sections divided and at an angle to the horizontal arranged inclined.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit denen bei einem hohen energetischen Wirkungsgrad die Reinheit des in einem Vergasungsapparat erzeugten Gases erhöht und damit dessen Verwertbarkeit erweitert wird. Insbesondere soll eine weitgehend vollständige Ausnutzung des in dem eingesetzten Abfall- oder Reststoff enthaltenen Kohlenstoffs, eine optimale Verwertbarkeit des erzeugten Brenngases sowie eine Minimierung des Schadstoffaustrages, durch die nach dem Wärmeentzug austretenden Verbrennungsabgase, erzielt werden.The invention has for its object a method and to create a device with which one high energy efficiency the purity of the in one Gasification apparatus generated gas and thus its Usability is expanded. In particular, a largely full utilization of the used in the Waste or residual carbon, one optimal usability of the fuel gas generated and a minimization of the pollutant discharge by which combustion exhaust gases escaping heat become.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe für das Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Mitteln des Anspruches 1 und für die Vorrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Mitteln des Anspruches 2. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 sind in den Unteransprüchen 3 und 4 gekennzeichnet.The invention solves the problem for the method with the characterizing means of claim 1 and for Device with the characterizing means of the claim 2. Advantageous embodiments of the device Claim 2 are characterized in the subclaims 3 and 4.

Die in geeigneter Weise konditionierten bzw. aufbereiteten Abfall- oder Reststoffe werden als Feststoffe mit Luft oder einem luft- oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gasgemisch als Vergasungsmittel in einem Vergasungsapparat vergast. Dabei werden der zu vergasende Stoff und das Vergasungsmittel im Gemischtstrom geführt, indem der zu vergasende Feststoff den Vergasungsofen von oben nach unten durchläuft und das Vergasungsmittel sowohl von oben als auch von unten und seitlich, zumindest aber seitlich und an einer der anderen genannten Stellen, der Feststoffschüttung zugeführt wird und der Abzug des Brenngases vorzugsweise an der der seitlichen Zuführung des Vergasungsmittels gegenüberliegenden Seite erfolgt.The suitably conditioned or prepared Waste or residues are called solids with air or an air or oxygen-containing gas mixture as Gasifying agent gasified in a gasifying apparatus. Here the substance to be gasified and the gasifying agent in the Mixed flow led by the solid to be gasified passes through the gasification furnace from top to bottom and that Gasifying agents both from above and from below and sideways, at least sideways and on one of the others mentioned places, the solid bed is fed and the extraction of the fuel gas preferably at the lateral supply of the gasification agent opposite Side is done.

Die Regelung des Vergasungsvorganges im Vergasungsapparat erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Aufnahme des Temperaturprofils über die Höhe des Vergasungsapparates. Dabei wird die vertikale Lage der Hauptvergasungszone, entsprechend der Maximaltemperaturzone, über die Bewegung des Schubrostes und damit über die Geschwindigkeit des Ascheaustrages geregelt. Die je nach Art der Abfall- oder Reststoffe unterschiedliche optimale Vergasungstemperatur wird über Größe und Zusammensetzung des Vergasungsmittelstromes und die Leistung des Vergasungsofens über die Breite der Vergasungsmittelzuführung durch übereinander angeordnete Zuführungsstellen geregelt.The regulation of the gasification process in the gasification apparatus takes place according to the invention by recording the temperature profile about the height of the gasification apparatus. Doing so the vertical position of the main gasification zone, accordingly the maximum temperature zone, via the movement of the sliding grate and thus the speed of the ash discharge regulated. Depending on the type of waste or residues different optimal gasification temperature is about Size and composition of the gasification gas flow and the performance of the gasification furnace across the width of the Gasification agent supply through one above the other Feed points regulated.

Das erzeugte Brenngas kann vollständig oder teilweise ohne weitere Aufbereitung einer unter dem Vergasungsapparat in Baueinheit angeordneten Brennkammer an sich bekannter Bauart zugeführt und die entstehenden Verbrennungsgase thermisch genutzt werden. Vorteilhafterweise wird jedoch das Brenngas einer Arbeitsmaschine zur Erzeugung von Elektroenergie zugeführt. Die Restwärme wird mittels eines Abhitzekessels thermisch genutzt. Nach dem Wärmeentzug wird das Verbrennungsabgas einer Rauchgasreinigung unterworfen, die vorzugsweise ein Aktivkoksfilter beinhaltet, und gelangt anschließend über einen Schornstein in die Atmosphäre.The fuel gas generated can be completely or partially without further processing one under the gasifier in Unit arranged combustion chamber known per se Type supplied and the resulting combustion gases be used thermally. However, it is advantageous the fuel gas of a machine for generating Electrical energy supplied. The residual heat is by means of a Heat recovery boiler used thermally. After heat removal the combustion exhaust gas is subjected to flue gas cleaning, which preferably contains an activated coke filter, and then gets into the via a chimney The atmosphere.

Die Vorrichtung zur Brenngasherstellung durch Vergasung kohlenstoffhaltiger Produkte, insbesondere von in geeigneter Weise konditionierten bzw. aufbereiteten Abfall- und Reststoffen, mit Luft oder einem luft- oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gasgemisch als Vergasungsmittel in einem Vergasungsapparat, vorzugsweise in Baueinheit mit einer Brennkammer, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vergasungsapparat mit einem schrägliegenden Rost ausgerüstet ist, der vorzugsweise als Stufenrost ausgebildet ist, der die Zuführung des Vergasungsmittels ermöglicht und über einen geeigneten Mechanismus in eine Schubbewegung versetzbar ist.The device for the production of fuel gas by gasification carbon-containing products, especially suitable ones Way conditioned and prepared waste and Residues, with air or with air or oxygen Gas mixture as a gasifying agent in one Gasification apparatus, preferably in a unit with one Combustion chamber, is characterized in that the gasifier equipped with a sloping grate is, which is preferably designed as a step grate, the enables the supply of the gasification agent and over a suitable mechanism in a pushing movement is.

Nach Anspruch 4 ist die Vorrichtung, der Vergasungsapparat, mit einem zweischichtigen Isolier-Kühl-System umgeben, dessen Schichten durch eine perforierte Zwischenwand getrennt sind, wobei die äußere Isolierschicht eine oder mehrere Öffnungen für die Kühllufteinleitung und die innere Kühlschicht eine oder mehrere Öffnungen für die Kühlluftableitung aufweisen. According to claim 4, the device, the gasifier, surrounded by a two-layer insulation-cooling system, its layers through a perforated partition are separated, the outer insulating layer one or several openings for the cooling air inlet and the inner cooling layer one or more openings for the Have cooling air discharge.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei, daß der kalte Kühlgasstrom, in der Regel das Vergasungsmittel, zuerst die äußere Wand des Isolier-Kühl-Systems kühlt, danach die perforierte Zwischenwand durchströmt und damit in der Folge auch auf den inneren Mantel des Vergasungsapparates geblasen wird. Dadurch kommt es zu einer intensiven Kühlung des inneren Mantels des Vergasungsapparates bei gleichzeitiger vorteilhafter Vorwärmung des Vergasungsmittels.It is particularly important that the cold cooling gas flow, usually the gasifying agent, first the outer wall of the insulated cooling system cools, then the flowed through perforated partition and thus in the Follow also on the inner mantle of the gasifier is blown. This leads to intensive cooling the inner shell of the gasifier simultaneous advantageous preheating of the gasification agent.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden.The invention is intended to be based on an exemplary embodiment are explained in more detail.

In der Zeichnung ist der prinzipielle Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erläutert. Der erfindungsgemäße Vergasungsapparat ist mit einem schrägliegenden Rost 1 ausgestattet, wobei ein Teil des Vergasungsmittels dem zu vergasenden Stoff durch diesen Rost 1 zugeführt wird und hauptsächlich die Aufgabe hat, den in der Einsatzproduktasche noch vorhandenen Kohlenstoff vollständig umzusetzen. Ein weiterer Vergasungsmittelanteil wird dem Vergasungsofen oberhalb der Feststoffschüttung zugeführt und hat hauptsächlich die Aufgabe, Schwelprodukte des zu vergasenden Stoffes in die Vergasungszone zu spülen und damit der vollständigen Vergasung zuzuführen. Die Hauptmenge des Vergasungsmittels wird dem Vergasungsapparat seitlich über eine Zuführung 2 zugeführt. Durch Variation der Breite der seitlichen Vergasungsmittelzuführung kann die Abmessung der Vergasungszone und damit die Vergasungsleistung bestimmt werden. Bei einer Fließrichtung des zu vergasenden Stoffes von oben nach unten wird im unteren Teil des Vergasungsapparates ein Gegenstrom, im oberen Teil ein Gleichstrom und im Mittelteil, der Hauptvergasungszone, ein Querstrom realisiert. Das Brenngas wird an der der seitlichen Zuführung 2 gegenüberliegenden Seite oberhalb der obersten Stufe des schrägliegenden Rostes 1 an einem Abgang 3 abgezogen. In the drawing is the basic structure of the invention Device explained. The invention The gasifier has a sloping grate 1 equipped, with part of the gasification agent to the gasifying substance is fed through this grate 1 and mainly does the job in the insert bag fully implement any carbon still present. Another portion of gasification agent is the gasification furnace fed above the solid bed and has mainly the task of smoldering products of the gasified Flush substance into the gasification zone and thus the complete gasification. The bulk of the Gasification agent is laterally over the gasification apparatus a feeder 2 supplied. By varying the width of the Lateral gas supply can be the dimension the gasification zone and thus the gasification performance become. With a flow direction of the gas to be gasified Fabric from top to bottom is in the lower part of the Gasifier a counterflow, in the upper part Direct current and in the middle part, the main gasification zone, a cross flow realized. The fuel gas is at the side feed 2 opposite side above the top step of the inclined grate 1 on one Exit 3 deducted.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gemischtstromvergasung wird einerseits ein vollständiger Umsatz des im zu vergasenden Stoff enthaltenen Kohlenstoffs und andererseits eine vollständige Umsetzung der primär entstehenden Schwelprodukte erreicht, so daß das Brenngas frei von kondensierbaren organischen und teerartigen Stoffen ist.Through the mixed stream gasification according to the invention on the one hand a complete turnover of the gas to be gasified Carbon and on the other hand one complete implementation of the primary smoldering products reached so that the fuel gas is free of condensable organic and tar-like substances.

Der schrägliegende Rost 1 ist erfindungsgemäß als Stufenrost oder anderweitig als von einer ebenen Form abweichend ausgebildet und beweglich als Schubrost gelagert. Durch die Schubbewegung über einen geeigneten Antrieb 4 wird die Asche über eine Austragsöffnung 5 ausgetragen und gelangt in den Aschesammelraum 6. Durch die räumlich getrennte Abführung von Brenngas und Asche ist das Brenngas weitgehend frei von kohlenstoffhaltigen und mineralischen Schwebeteilchen.According to the invention, the inclined grate 1 is a stepped grate or otherwise than deviating from a flat shape trained and movably mounted as a sliding grate. By the thrust movement via a suitable drive 4 is the Ash is discharged through a discharge opening 5 and arrives into the ash collecting area 6. Through the spatially separated The fuel gas is largely removed from the fuel gas and ash free of carbon-containing and mineral suspended particles.

Ein weiteres Merkmal der Erfindung ist das Isolier-Kühl-System um den Vergasungsapparat. Die Kühlluft gelangt zunächst in eine äußere Isolierschicht 7 und von da aus durch die perforierte Zwischenwand 8 in eine innere Kühlschicht 9, wo die eigentliche Kühlung des Vergasungsofenmantels 12 erfolgt. Die vorgewärmte Luft verläßt das Isolier-Kühl-System bei einem Abgang 10 und wird als Vergasungsmittel oder Verbrennungsluft eingesetzt.Another feature of the invention is the insulated cooling system around the gasifier. The cooling air arrives first in an outer insulating layer 7 and from there through the perforated partition 8 into an inner cooling layer 9, where the actual cooling of the gasification furnace jacket 12 takes place. The preheated air leaves it Insulating cooling system with a 10 outlet and is called Gasification agent or combustion air used.

Die Regelung des Vergasungsvorgangs im Vergasungsapparat erfolgt, wie bereits beschrieben, durch Aufnahme des Temperaturprofils über die Höhe des Vergasungsapparates. Dabei wird die Lage der Hauptvergasungszone, entsprechend der Maximaltemperaturzone, über die Bewegung des Rostes 1 und damit durch den Ascheaustrag geregelt. Die je nach Art des Abfall- oder Reststoffes unterschiedliche optimale Vergasungstemperatur wird über Größe und Zusammensetzung des Vergasungsmittelstromes und die Leistung des Vergasungsapparates über die Breite der Vergasungszone entsprechend der Breite der Vergasungsmittelzuführung durch mehrere übereinander angeordnete Zuführungen 2 geregelt. The regulation of the gasification process in the gasification apparatus takes place, as already described, by inclusion of the Temperature profile over the height of the gasifier. The location of the main gasification zone becomes corresponding the maximum temperature zone, via the movement of the grate 1 and thus regulated by the ash discharge. Depending on the type of the waste or residual material different optimal Gasification temperature is about size and composition of the gasification medium flow and the performance of the gasification apparatus accordingly across the width of the gasification zone the width of the gasifier feed several feeders 2 arranged one above the other are regulated.

Das erzeugte Brenngas kann vollständig oder teilweise ohne weitere Aufbereitung einer unter dem Vergasungsapparat in Baueinheit angeordneten Brennkammer 11 an sich bekannter Bauart zugeführt und die entstehenden Verbrennungsgase thermisch genutzt werden. Vorteilhafterweise wird jedoch das Brenngas einer Arbeitsmaschine zur Erzeugung von Elektroenergie zugeführt. Die Restwärme wird mittels eines Abhitzekessels thermisch genutzt. Nach dem Wärmeentzug wird das Verbrennungsabgas einer Rauchgasreinigung unterworfen, vorzugsweise unter Anwendung eines Aktivkoksfilters, und gelangt anschließend über einen Schornstein in die Atmosphäre.The fuel gas generated can be completely or partially without further processing one under the gasifier in Unit arranged combustion chamber 11 known per se Type supplied and the resulting combustion gases be used thermally. However, it is advantageous the fuel gas of a machine for generating Electrical energy supplied. The residual heat is by means of a Heat recovery boiler used thermally. After heat removal the combustion exhaust gas is subjected to flue gas cleaning, preferably using an activated coke filter, and then enters via a chimney the atmosphere.

Claims (4)

  1. Method of regulating the production of fuel gas from carbonaceous solids, in particular from waste and residual materials, which are conditioned or processed in a suitable manner, by gasification with a gasification medium, consisting of air or a gas mixture containing oxygen, in a gasification apparatus, in which the solids to be gasified pass through the gasification apparatus from top to bottom, and the gasification in the filling consisting of the solids to be gasified takes place in a gasification zone above a grate, and the gasification medium is fed in mixed flow from below through the grate and/or from above as well as at the side of the gasification zone, and the fuel gas is drawn off from the gasification apparatus at the side opposite the lateral feed of the gasification medium, the main flow of the gasification medium being fed at the side of the gasification zone, and the gasification operation being regulated as a function of the temperature profile recorded in the filling, characterized in that the position of the main gasification zone is regulated by the velocity of the ash discharge from the gasification apparatus, the optimum gasification temperature is regulated by means of the gasification-medium flow and the output of the gasification apparatus is regulated via the adjustment of the width of the gasification zone by the lateral feed of the gasification medium.
  2. Arrangement for producing fuel gas from carbonaceous solids, in particular from waste and residual materials, which are conditioned or processed in a suitable manner, in which the solids to be gasified pass through a gasification apparatus from top to bottom, and the gasification in the filling consisting of the solids to be gasified takes place essentially above a grate, in which case there are means which feed the gasification medium in mixed flow from below through the grate and/or from above as well as at the side and draw off the gasification medium at the side opposite the lateral feed, characterized in that the gasification apparatus has an inclined grate (1), which is equipped with a mechanism which can set the grate in a sliding motion in such a way that the ash discharge can be regulated.
  3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that the inclined grate (1) is a stepped grate.
  4. Apparatus according to either of Claims 2 or 3, charactrerized in that the outer wall of the gasification apparatus has heat insulation consisting of a double-layer insulating/cooling system, the individual layers of which are separated from one another by a perforated intermediate wall (8), in which case there are means via which cold combustion medium can be directed into the outer layer, which is the insulating layer (7), then over the perforated intermediate wall (8) into the inner layer, which is the cooling layer (9), and can be withdrawn from the inner layer as heated combustion medium and fed at least via the lateral feed(s) (2) to the gasification apparatus.
EP96942977A 1995-06-27 1996-06-26 Process and apparatus for producing fuel gas Expired - Lifetime EP0850289B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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PCT/DE1995/000816 WO1997001617A1 (en) 1995-06-27 1995-06-27 Process and apparatus for producing fuel gas
DE8100006 1995-06-27
PCT/DE1996/001122 WO1997001618A1 (en) 1995-06-27 1996-06-26 Process and apparatus for producing fuel gas

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EP0850289A1 EP0850289A1 (en) 1998-07-01
EP0850289B1 true EP0850289B1 (en) 2000-01-05

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AUPR229100A0 (en) * 2000-12-22 2001-01-25 Renewable Energy Corporation Limited Grate structure for solid fuel burners
US6497187B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-12-24 Gas Technology Institute Advanced NOX reduction for boilers
KR100454235B1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2004-10-26 한국과학기술원 The Paste-type Insecticide and Preparation Method of thereof
ES2206056B1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2005-04-16 Alberto Ignacio Gonzalo Callejo Heat generation by two-stage biomass combustion comprises partial oxidation in gasification reactor for gas burning without intermediate energy generation
CZ2006108A3 (en) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-01 Ecosource S. R. O. Gasification process of biochemical and chemical substances by making use of electric arc and apparatus for making the same
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DE202009002781U1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2009-06-10 Kbi International Ltd. Reactor for the thermal treatment of a feedstock
ES2390146B1 (en) * 2011-02-15 2013-09-19 José RIBA PICOLA SYSTEM TO GASIFY FUEL BIOMASS AND PROCEDURE FOR FUEL BIOMASS GASIFICATION
RU2662440C1 (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-07-26 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центр эксплуатации объектов наземной космической инфраструктуры" (ФГУП "ЦЭНКИ") Method of gasification of solid fuel and device for its implementation
CN108929720B (en) * 2018-07-10 2020-09-15 太原理工大学 Self-gasification pyrolysis tar gasification furnace

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CA2225612A1 (en) 1997-01-16
CA2225612C (en) 2002-04-23
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EA199800094A1 (en) 1998-08-27
HUP9900770A3 (en) 1999-11-29
CN1189184A (en) 1998-07-29
WO1997001617A1 (en) 1997-01-16
GR3033081T3 (en) 2000-08-31
WO1997001618A1 (en) 1997-01-16
CN1076388C (en) 2001-12-19
US5961673A (en) 1999-10-05
HUP9900770A2 (en) 1999-07-28
EP0850289A1 (en) 1998-07-01
ATE188503T1 (en) 2000-01-15
HU219421B (en) 2001-04-28
ES2143251T3 (en) 2000-05-01
AU708656B2 (en) 1999-08-12
EA000184B1 (en) 1998-12-24
AU6187496A (en) 1997-01-30
PL324349A1 (en) 1998-05-25

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