EP0847676B1 - Inertial vibration transducers - Google Patents

Inertial vibration transducers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0847676B1
EP0847676B1 EP96929408A EP96929408A EP0847676B1 EP 0847676 B1 EP0847676 B1 EP 0847676B1 EP 96929408 A EP96929408 A EP 96929408A EP 96929408 A EP96929408 A EP 96929408A EP 0847676 B1 EP0847676 B1 EP 0847676B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vibration transducer
transducer according
inertial vibration
motor coil
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96929408A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0847676A1 (en
Inventor
Henry Azima
Martin Colloms
Neil Harris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NVF Tech Ltd
Original Assignee
New Transducers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=34865253&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0847676(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from GBGB9517918.0A external-priority patent/GB9517918D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9522281.6A external-priority patent/GB9522281D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9606836.6A external-priority patent/GB9606836D0/en
Application filed by New Transducers Ltd filed Critical New Transducers Ltd
Publication of EP0847676A1 publication Critical patent/EP0847676A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0847676B1 publication Critical patent/EP0847676B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
    • H04R11/02—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/029—Diaphragms comprising fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to transducers and more particularly to vibration transducers for loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements.
  • US-A-4,506,117 of MULTIPHONIE discloses an inertial vibration transducer comprising a motor coil assembly having a coil rigidly fixed to a tubular member, a magnet assembly disposed concentrically with respect to the motor coil assembly and resilient means supporting the magnet assembly for axial movement relative to the motor coil assembly, the tubular member being fixed to a base metal plate adapted to be attached by screws to a panel to be vibrated.
  • Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co-pending PCT publication No. W097/09842 of even date herewith.
  • Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with active acoustic devices in the form of loudspeakers.
  • distributed mode radiators are intended to be characterised as in the above PCT application and/or otherwise as specifically provided herein.
  • the invention is an inertial vibration transducer for exciting a member having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means and having a transducer mounted on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating, comprising a motor coil assembly having a coil rigidly fixed to a tubular member, a magnet assembly disposed concentrically with respect to the motor coil assembly, and resilient means supporting the magnet assembly for axial movement relative to the motor coil assembly, and wherein the tubular member is adapted to be rigidly mounted directly to the member to be vibrated by adhesive means.
  • the resilient means may comprise mutually opposed elastomeric members disposed on opposite sides of the magnet assembly. Caps may be provided for closing the axial ends of the tubular member, and the resilient means may be mounted on the caps.
  • the caps may comprise the resilient means. Each cap may comprise an annular compliant roll surround. Magnetic shields may be provided over the caps.
  • the coil may be mounted on the inner face of the tubular member.
  • the motor assembly may be adapted for reception in a correspondingly shaped cavity in the radiator.
  • the motor coil assembly may be adapted to be rigidly fixed to a face of the radiator.
  • the magnet assembly may comprise opposed generally disc-like pole pieces, the periphery of one of which is disposed within and adjacent to the motor coil assembly, and the periphery of the other of which pole pieces is formed with a flange arranged to lie adjacent to and to surround the motor coil assembly.
  • a resilient member may be sandwiched between one of the pole pieces and a face of the radiator.
  • the magnet assembly may comprise an opposed pair of magnets sandwiching a pole piece.
  • Complementary magnet assemblies and motor coil assemblies may be arranged on opposite faces of the radiator, and means may be provided tying the magnet assemblies together for push-pull operation.
  • the invention is a loudspeaker comprising an inertial transducer as described above.
  • a panel-form loudspeaker (81) of the kind described and claimed in our co-pending International publication No. W097/09842 of even date herewith comprising a rectangular frame (1) carrying a resilient suspension (3) round its inner periphery which supports a distributed mode sound radiating panel (2).
  • a transducer (9) e.g as described in detail with reference to our co-pending International publication Nos. W097/09859, W097/09861, W097/09858 of even date herewith, is mounted wholly and exclusively on or in the panel (2) at a predetermined location defined by dimensions x and y , the position of which location is calculated as described in our co-pending International publication No. W097/09842 of even date herewith, to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to radiate an acoustic output.
  • the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier (10), e.g. an audio amplifier, connected to the transducer by conductors (28).
  • a signal amplifier (10) e.g. an audio amplifier
  • Amplifier loading and power requirements can be entirely normal, similar to conventional cone type speakers, sensitivity being of the order of 86 - 88dB/watt under room loaded conditions.
  • Amplifier load impedance is largely resistive at 6 ohms, power handling 20-80 watts, Where the panel core and/or skins are of metal, they may be made to act as a heat sink for the transducer to remove heat from the motor coil of the transducer and thus improve power handling.
  • Figures 2 a and 2 b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
  • Figure 2a shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20).
  • Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
  • Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
  • Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
  • Figure 2 b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
  • the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM) or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
  • RTM Kevlar
  • Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM), Kaptan (RTM), polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
  • Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter. This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
  • thermoplastics allow for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension. Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
  • Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
  • Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
  • a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
  • piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
  • Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
  • electrical connection can be made to the conductive parts of an appropriate DML panel or an electrically conductive foam or similar interface may be used for the edge mounting.
  • the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
  • the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
  • Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
  • An acoustic panel as described above is bidirectional.
  • the sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front. Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of moving coil transducer (9) arranged to be embedded entirely within the interior of a stiff lightweight distributed mode panel (2) of the kind comprising a core (22) faced on both sides with skins (21) to launch bending waves into the panel.
  • the transducer comprises a coil (13) embedded in a fixing (16), e.g. of epoxy resin, in a cavity (29) in the core (22) of the panel (2), and surrounding a cylindrical coil former (18), the coil (13) and former (18) thus being rigidly fixed in the panel (2).
  • a fixing (16) e.g. of epoxy resin
  • a magnet assembly comprising an opposed pair of magnets (15) separated by a pole-forming member (14), the magnet assembly being mounted on the inner faces of skins (21) of the panel (2) by means of opposed compliant suspension members (19) of rubber-like material, e.g. foam rubber, which are adhesively bonded to the magnet assembly and to the interior surfaces of the respective skins (21) of the panel.
  • the magnet assembly (14,15) is thus mounted concentrically of the coil (13) and is axially movable on its suspension (19).
  • the transducer (9) operates to launch bending waves into the panel (2) by vibrating to cause local resilient deformation of the panel due to relative axial motion between the magnet assembly and the coil.
  • the drive effect is enhanced by increasing the mass of the magnet assembly.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of moving coil transducer (9) similar to that shown in Figure 3 and arranged to be embedded entirely within the interior of a stiff lightweight distributed mode radiator panel (2) of the kind comprising a core (22) faced with skins (21) to launch bending waves into the panel.
  • the transducer (9) is formed as a modular assembly to facilitate its assembly into a panel (2).
  • the panel (2) is formed with a suitable cavity (120) to receive the transducer (9).
  • the transducer comprises a coil (13) fixed to the interior wall of a cylindrical coil former (18) e.g. by means of a rigid adhesive potting (20), the former (18) providing the outer casing of the transducer and being closed at its opposite axial ends by lightweight end caps (119) which are rigidly fixed to the coil former in any desired fashion, e.g. by means of adhesive bonds (220).
  • the assembly is arranged to be located in the transducer cavity (120) in a distributed mode panel (2), by movement in direction of arrow 'A' as indicated in.
  • the transducer is fixed in the cavity by means of an adhesive.
  • a magnet assembly comprising an opposed pair of magnets (15) separated by a pole-forming member (14), the magnet assembly being mounted on the end caps (119) of the coil former (18) by means of opposed compliant suspension members (19) of rubber-like material, e.g. foam rubber, which are adhesively bonded to the magnet assembly and to the interior surfaces of the respective end caps.
  • the magnet assembly (14,15) is thus mounted concentrically of the coil (13) and is axially movable on its suspension (19).
  • the transducer (9) operates to launch bending waves into the panel (2) by vibrating to cause local resilient deformation of the panel in the same way as described above with reference to the embodiment of Figure 3.
  • the transducer arrangement (9) of Figure 5 a comprises complementary push/pull drivers disposed on opposite sides of the panel (2) to launch bending waves into a rigid lightweight distributed mode radiator (2) of the kind comprising a core (22) enclosed by opposed skins (21), to cause the panel to resonate.
  • coils (13) are rigidly fixed, e.g. by means of an adhesive, on the outside of a coil former (18) to form a motor coil assembly which is rigidly bonded to the opposed surface skin (21) of the radiator panel (2), e.g. by means of an epoxy adhesive bond (16).
  • Magnets (15) are enclosed by pairs of poles (14), one of which is disc-like and is disposed with its periphery close to the interior of each coil former (18), and the other of which has a peripheral flange (162) arranged to surround the coil (13).
  • a fixing member (93) which is generally cylindrical in shape is arranged to pass freely through an aperture (29) in the panel (2).
  • the fixing member (93) comprises opposed generally complementary parts each formed with a head (95) which are clamped against the axial extremities of the respective pair of transducers (9) to couple the drivers together.
  • the complementary parts of the fixing member (93) are secured together by complementary screw-threaded portions (160, 161).
  • the fixing member may be of any suitable material e.g. plastics or metal.
  • the transducer arrangement (9) of Figure 5 a is not rigidly clamped to the panel (2) adjacent to the aperture (29) but is instead coupled to the panel via resilient pads (17) e.g. of foam rubber positioned close to the panel aperture (29) in much the same manner as is shown with reference to Figures 3 and 3 whereby the transducer works to launch bending waves into the panel by inertial effects due to the combined mass of the respective drivers.
  • the transducer (9) of Figures 5 b is generally similar to that of Figure 5 a but is intended for attachment to only one side of a panel (2).
  • the magnet assembly (14,15) is secured to the surface of the panel (2) by means of a resilient suspension (17) e.g. of rubber, which is attached to the periphery of the flange (162) of the outer pole pieces (14).
  • FIG. 5 a shown a transducer (9) of the kind shown in Figure 5 b and intended for easy application to a panel surface.
  • the transducer (9) is mounted, by way of the former (18) and resilient suspension (17) on a thin substrate (147) formed with a self adhesive outer layer whereby the transducer can be mounted in position.
  • the transducer (9) of Figure 6 is intended as a low profile device which can be buried substantially within the thickness of a distributed mode panel (2).
  • the transducer comprises a cylindrical coil former (18) adapted to be fixed, e.g. by means of an adhesive, in a corresponding aperture (29) in the panel (2).
  • a coil (13) is secured to the interior face of the former (18) e.g. with the aid of an adhesive to form a motor coil assembly.
  • the opposed axial ends of the former (18) are closed by disc-like compliant suspension members (59), e.g. of rubber or the like, each of which is formed with an annular corrugation (136) near to its periphery to form a roll surround similar to that used on conventional pistonic cone loudspeaker drive units.
  • the peripheries of the members (59) are secured to the axial ends of the coil former (18) e.g. by clamping, with the aid of an adhesive or in any other suitable fashion.
  • the centre portions of the members (59), which centre portions are defined by the annular corrugations (136) carry between them a magnet assembly comprising an opposed pair of magnets (15) sandwiching a pole piece (14).
  • the outer faces of the magnets (15) are bonded or otherwise secured to the centre portions of the members (59), whereby the magnet assembly (14,15) is located concentrically with respect to the coil (13) and is capable of limited axial movement relative thereto.
  • the magnet assembly is shielded by means of disc-like screens (121) mounted on annular resilient members (17) supported on the panel (2) to prevent or limit the stray magnet field surrounding the panel adjacent to the transducer.
  • the motor coil assemblies have been shown to be fixed to the panel (2) and the magnet assemblies have been shown to be compliantly mounted with respect to the panel, it will be understood that this arrangement could be reversed so that the magnet assemblies are fixed to the panel and the motor coil assemblies are compliantly suspended. In such a case the magnet assemblies will be made relatively light and the motor coil assemblies will be made relatively heavy to increase the drive effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
EP96929408A 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Inertial vibration transducers Expired - Lifetime EP0847676B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9517918 1995-09-02
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) 1995-09-02 1995-09-02 Acoustic device
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) 1995-10-31 1995-10-31 Acoustic device
GB9522281 1995-10-31
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) 1996-03-30 1996-03-30 Acoustic device
GB9606836 1996-03-30
PCT/GB1996/002167 WO1997009859A1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Inertial vibration transducers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0847676A1 EP0847676A1 (en) 1998-06-17
EP0847676B1 true EP0847676B1 (en) 1999-04-14

Family

ID=34865253

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96929408A Expired - Lifetime EP0847676B1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Inertial vibration transducers

Country Status (21)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0847676B1 (cs)
JP (1) JP3542136B2 (cs)
CN (1) CN1164144C (cs)
AT (1) ATE179044T1 (cs)
AU (1) AU703020B2 (cs)
BR (1) BR9610436A (cs)
CA (1) CA2229858C (cs)
CZ (1) CZ296166B6 (cs)
DE (1) DE69602101T2 (cs)
DK (1) DK0847676T3 (cs)
EA (1) EA000836B1 (cs)
ES (1) ES2132955T3 (cs)
HK (1) HK1008637A1 (cs)
HU (1) HUP9900179A3 (cs)
IL (1) IL123375A (cs)
NZ (1) NZ316565A (cs)
PL (1) PL182794B1 (cs)
SK (1) SK285661B6 (cs)
TR (1) TR199800366T1 (cs)
UA (1) UA50749C2 (cs)
WO (1) WO1997009859A1 (cs)

Cited By (1)

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DE102009036337A1 (de) 2009-08-06 2011-02-17 Bösnecker, Robert, Dr. Vorrichtung zum Einbetten von Membranen und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben als akustisches Gerät

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BR9610436A (pt) 1999-02-17
JP3542136B2 (ja) 2004-07-14
CN1164144C (zh) 2004-08-25
AU703020B2 (en) 1999-03-11
CZ296166B6 (cs) 2006-01-11
CZ57398A3 (cs) 1998-07-15
SK25498A3 (en) 1998-10-07
AU6882396A (en) 1997-03-27
DE69602101T2 (de) 1999-09-16
EP0847676A1 (en) 1998-06-17
CA2229858A1 (en) 1997-03-13
ATE179044T1 (de) 1999-04-15
EA000836B1 (ru) 2000-04-24
CN1194766A (zh) 1998-09-30
DE69602101D1 (de) 1999-05-20
IL123375A0 (en) 1998-09-24
WO1997009859A1 (en) 1997-03-13
DK0847676T3 (da) 1999-10-25
IL123375A (en) 2000-10-31
HUP9900179A2 (hu) 1999-04-28
ES2132955T3 (es) 1999-08-16
TR199800366T1 (xx) 1998-05-21
HUP9900179A3 (en) 2000-09-28
NZ316565A (en) 1998-11-25
EA199800263A1 (ru) 1998-10-29
PL325237A1 (en) 1998-07-06
UA50749C2 (uk) 2002-11-15
SK285661B6 (sk) 2007-05-03
JPH11512262A (ja) 1999-10-19
CA2229858C (en) 2004-06-01
PL182794B1 (pl) 2002-03-29

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