EP0847667B1 - Noticeboards incorporating loudspeakers - Google Patents

Noticeboards incorporating loudspeakers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0847667B1
EP0847667B1 EP96929406A EP96929406A EP0847667B1 EP 0847667 B1 EP0847667 B1 EP 0847667B1 EP 96929406 A EP96929406 A EP 96929406A EP 96929406 A EP96929406 A EP 96929406A EP 0847667 B1 EP0847667 B1 EP 0847667B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
display apparatus
visual display
panel
transducer
radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96929406A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0847667A1 (en
Inventor
Henry Azima
Martin Colloms
Neil Harris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NVF Tech Ltd
Original Assignee
New Transducers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9517918.0A external-priority patent/GB9517918D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9522281.6A external-priority patent/GB9522281D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9606836.6A external-priority patent/GB9606836D0/en
Application filed by New Transducers Ltd filed Critical New Transducers Ltd
Publication of EP0847667A1 publication Critical patent/EP0847667A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0847667B1 publication Critical patent/EP0847667B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/028—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein associated with devices performing functions other than acoustics, e.g. electric candles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/029—Diaphragms comprising fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/15—Transducers incorporated in visual displaying devices, e.g. televisions, computer displays, laptops

Definitions

  • the invention relates to noticeboards and the like visual display apparatus.
  • Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co-pending PCT publication No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith.
  • Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with visual display apparatus incorporating acoustics devices e.g. in the form of loudspeakers.
  • the invention is visual display apparatus comprising a notice or the like board to which notices or the like can be fixed e.g. with pins, characterised in that the notice or the like board is a member having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means and having a transducer mounted wholly and exclusively on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating.
  • the radiator may have a cellular core sandwiched between skin layers.
  • the skins may comprise paper.
  • the core may comprise paper honeycomb.
  • the visual display apparatus may comprise a frame surrounding the radiator.
  • a resilient suspension may be employed to mount the radiator in the frame.
  • the frame may have a return lip concealing the suspension.
  • a panel-form loudspeaker (81) of the kind described and claimed in our co-pending International publication No. W097/09842 of even date herewith comprising a rectangular frame (1) carrying a resilient suspension (3) round its inner periphery which supports a distributed mode sound radiating panel (2).
  • a transducer (9) e.g as described in detail with reference to our co-pending International publication Nos. WO97/09859, WO97/09861, WO97/09858 of even date herewith, is mounted wholly and exclusively on or in the panel (2) at a predetermined location defined by dimensions x and y , the position of which location is calculated as described in our co-pending International publication No. W097/09842 of even date herewith, to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to radiate an acoustic output.
  • the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier (10), e.g. an audio amplifier, connected to the transducer by conductors (28).
  • a signal amplifier (10) e.g. an audio amplifier
  • Amplifier loading and power requirements can be entirely normal, similar to conventional cone type speakers, sensitivity being of the order of 86 - 88dB/watt under room loaded conditions.
  • Amplifier load impedance is largely resistive at 6 ohms, power handling 20-80 watts. Where the panel core and/or skins are of metal, they may be made to act as a heat sink for the transducer to remove heat from the motor coil of the transducer and thus improve power handling.
  • Figures 2 a and 2 b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 a shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20).
  • Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
  • Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
  • Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
  • Figure 2 b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
  • the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM) or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
  • RTM Kevlar
  • Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM), Kaptan (RTM), polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
  • Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter. This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
  • thermoplastics allow for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension. Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
  • Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
  • Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
  • a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
  • piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
  • Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
  • electrical connection can be made to the conductive parts of an appropriate DML panel or an electrically conductive foam or similar interface may be used for the edge mounting.
  • the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
  • the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
  • Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
  • An acoustic panel as described above is bidirectional.
  • the sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front. Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
  • the acoustic panel technology of Figures 1 and 2 can be applied to the design of normal board material commonly used for notices and display advertising, the normal processing of these boards e.g. lamination, screen printing or spray painting, being unhindered.
  • the board itself may thus be specified, dimensioned and electrodynamically driven to operate as a wide coverage acoustic radiating panel a flat loudspeaker.
  • a moderate audience of up to 10 persons for a small 0.56m square metre panel or 30-50 persons for a 0.7 to 1.2 square metre size may be served at natural volume levels with highly articulate reproduction of speech and also background music or relevant sound effects, as required. Due to the naturally dispersed acoustic radiation properties of the panel, the distorting effects of local boundary reflections are minimised. A substantial physical obstruction of a proportion of the acoustic panel does not significantly impair the sound distribution.
  • the acoustic panel would comprise low cost structure of paper honeycomb or foam core 3 to 6mm thick bonded to reinforcing paper, plastic film or plastic film coated paper skins of 0.08 to 0.3mm thickness.
  • the preferred drive for an inexpensive design using a flat surface or even embedded transducer is piezo electric, operated in bending or mass loaded, vibration coupled forms.
  • transducers have a naturally rising acoustic output with frequency which is predictably and optimally adjusted to a flat response by a combination of series resistive drive to the capacitance load of the transducer, and also by mass loading of the piezo element (for a given mass the acceleration is inversely proportional to frequency) and via the detailed specification of the mechanical properties of the board.
  • the fibrous loss factor in the skins By control of the fibrous loss factor in the skins, the visco elastic properties of the adhesive bonding the skin to core, and the piezo element to the skin by applied surface laminates, including the backing for the displayed image or text, and the bulk properties of the core in shear and compression, the desired frequency response may be achieved.
  • alloy or part alloy skins will provide good energy coverage over the panel, with a proportionally lower loss factor which appropriately matched to a higher power moving coil type of transducer.
  • the latter has a flat region of frequency response.
  • the transducer may be of the embedded type concealed within. If magnetic screening is required for the latter, thin 0.5mm mild steel foils may be included under the skin surface over the transducer area. A small gain in efficiency will also result due to improved flux linkage.
  • Figures 3 to 5 illustrate a noticeboard, advertising display board or the like (48) incorporating the loudspeaker technology of Figures 1 and 2.
  • a loudspeaker (81) incorporating a rigid lightweight distributed mode acoustic radiator panel (2) of the kind shown in Figures 1 and 2 has graphic information, e.g. text and/or pictures of any desired kind printed on the panel (2). The graphic information can then be supplemented by an audio message via the loudspeaker to reinforce the message.
  • the loudspeaker/display board (48) is mounted on a stand (23) in the form of an easel.
  • the loudspeaker/display board may be suspended on wire (33) as shown in Figure 4.
  • the noticeboard may be supported in any other desired manner.
  • the frame (1) may incorporate a return lip (41) to conceal the resilient suspension (3) which is attached between the rear face thereof and the peripheral margin of the panel (2).
  • FIG. 6 shows a transducer (9) for a distributed mode panel (2) in the form of a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) mounted on a disc (118), e.g. of brass, which is bonded to a face of the panel (2), e.g. by an adhesive bond (20).
  • a transducer (9) for a distributed mode panel (2) in the form of a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) mounted on a disc (118), e.g. of brass, which is bonded to a face of the panel (2), e.g. by an adhesive bond (20).
  • a transducer (9) via leads (28) will cause the piezo disc (27) to bend and thus locally resiliently deform the panel (2) to launch bending waves into the panel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Audible And Visible Signals (AREA)
  • Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
EP96929406A 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Noticeboards incorporating loudspeakers Expired - Lifetime EP0847667B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9517918 1995-09-02
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) 1995-09-02 1995-09-02 Acoustic device
GB9522281 1995-10-31
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) 1995-10-31 1995-10-31 Acoustic device
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) 1996-03-30 1996-03-30 Acoustic device
GB9606836 1996-03-30
PCT/GB1996/002165 WO1997009848A1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Noticeboards incorporating loudspeakers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0847667A1 EP0847667A1 (en) 1998-06-17
EP0847667B1 true EP0847667B1 (en) 1999-03-03

Family

ID=34865251

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96929406A Expired - Lifetime EP0847667B1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Noticeboards incorporating loudspeakers

Country Status (21)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0847667B1 (xx)
JP (1) JPH11512260A (xx)
CN (1) CN1195456A (xx)
AT (1) ATE177282T1 (xx)
AU (1) AU704227B2 (xx)
BR (1) BR9610426A (xx)
CA (1) CA2230234A1 (xx)
CZ (1) CZ58398A3 (xx)
DE (1) DE69601648T2 (xx)
DK (1) DK0847667T3 (xx)
EA (1) EA000612B1 (xx)
ES (1) ES2131410T3 (xx)
HK (1) HK1008645A1 (xx)
HU (1) HUP9904010A2 (xx)
IL (1) IL123438A (xx)
NZ (1) NZ316563A (xx)
PL (1) PL182243B1 (xx)
RO (1) RO119042B1 (xx)
SK (1) SK26498A3 (xx)
TR (1) TR199800368T1 (xx)
WO (1) WO1997009848A1 (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3477963A1 (de) * 2017-05-19 2019-05-01 Rafael Kubisz Lautsprechersystem

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AU756783B2 (en) 1998-06-22 2003-01-23 Slab Technology Limited Loudspeakers
US6590993B2 (en) * 1999-09-06 2003-07-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Panel-shaped loudspeaker
GB2360387A (en) * 2000-01-20 2001-09-19 Amina Technologies Ltd Combined loudspeaker and display panel.
DE10030746B4 (de) * 2000-06-23 2008-11-20 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Innenverkleidungsteil für Fahrzeuge und verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
GB2369232B (en) * 2000-11-18 2005-01-12 Talksign Ltd Display signs
EP1345469A1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-09-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Loudspeaker system
US8284955B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2012-10-09 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10158337B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2018-12-18 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10848118B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US11431312B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2022-08-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10848867B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10701505B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-06-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
US11202161B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2021-12-14 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
US10069471B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2018-09-04 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US9615189B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2017-04-04 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function
US9264004B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2016-02-16 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing
US9883318B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2018-01-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for stereo field enhancement in two-channel audio systems
US9906858B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2018-02-27 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10820883B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2020-11-03 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body
US10639000B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2020-05-05 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Device for wide-band auscultation
US9615813B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2017-04-11 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. Device for wide-band auscultation
US9564146B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2017-02-07 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment
US9638672B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2017-05-02 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body
CN104809966B (zh) * 2015-04-22 2017-07-14 黄雪莲 一种广告投放方法及终端
JP2018537910A (ja) 2015-11-16 2018-12-20 ボンジョビ アコースティックス リミテッド ライアビリティー カンパニー 表面音響変換器
US9621994B1 (en) 2015-11-16 2017-04-11 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Surface acoustic transducer
JP2021521700A (ja) 2018-04-11 2021-08-26 ボンジョビ アコースティックス リミテッド ライアビリティー カンパニー オーディオ強化聴力保護システム
WO2020028833A1 (en) 2018-08-02 2020-02-06 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
KR20230173953A (ko) * 2022-06-20 2023-12-27 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 장치 및 이를 포함하는 운송 장치

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DE2612450A1 (de) * 1976-03-24 1977-10-06 Reditune Thordsen Gmbh & Co Anordnung zur abgabe von akustischen signalen, insbesondere an werbeflaechen und schaukaesten oder -fenstern
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3477963A1 (de) * 2017-05-19 2019-05-01 Rafael Kubisz Lautsprechersystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SK26498A3 (en) 1998-09-09
DK0847667T3 (da) 1999-10-04
CN1195456A (zh) 1998-10-07
BR9610426A (pt) 1999-12-21
EP0847667A1 (en) 1998-06-17
JPH11512260A (ja) 1999-10-19
CA2230234A1 (en) 1997-03-13
IL123438A (en) 2001-01-11
ATE177282T1 (de) 1999-03-15
DE69601648T2 (de) 1999-09-16
RO119042B1 (ro) 2004-02-27
IL123438A0 (en) 1998-09-24
NZ316563A (en) 1998-05-27
AU704227B2 (en) 1999-04-15
TR199800368T1 (xx) 1998-05-21
AU6882196A (en) 1997-03-27
EA199800264A1 (ru) 1998-10-29
DE69601648D1 (de) 1999-04-08
CZ58398A3 (cs) 1998-07-15
EA000612B1 (ru) 1999-12-29
PL325244A1 (en) 1998-07-06
HK1008645A1 (en) 1999-05-14
HUP9904010A2 (hu) 2000-04-28
PL182243B1 (pl) 2001-11-30
ES2131410T3 (es) 1999-07-16
WO1997009848A1 (en) 1997-03-13

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