EP0847482B1 - Method and device for cooling the low-pressure stage of a steam turbine - Google Patents

Method and device for cooling the low-pressure stage of a steam turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0847482B1
EP0847482B1 EP96934354A EP96934354A EP0847482B1 EP 0847482 B1 EP0847482 B1 EP 0847482B1 EP 96934354 A EP96934354 A EP 96934354A EP 96934354 A EP96934354 A EP 96934354A EP 0847482 B1 EP0847482 B1 EP 0847482B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
low
steam
water
cooling
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96934354A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0847482A1 (en
Inventor
Walter ZÖRNER
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F01K13/025—Cooling the interior by injection during idling or stand-by
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • F01D21/06—Shutting-down
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/97—Reducing windage losses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cooling the Low-pressure turbine part in a water-steam cycle switched steam turbine, in which a coolant is the low-pressure sub-turbine, in particular when idling. It continues to focus on a device for Execution of the procedure.
  • a turbo set with a steam turbine is often like this designed that when heat is extracted from a Medium pressure turbine part or each low pressure turbine part receives no significant steam supply and therefore in idle mode is working.
  • this leads to high heating the blading in the low-pressure turbine section of the Heating steam turbine, especially with full heat extraction and shut-off low pressure turbine.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a particular one effective cooling of the low-pressure turbine, in particular in idle and / or low load operation. This is said to be suitable for carrying out the method Device can be achieved with particularly simple means.
  • the stated object is achieved according to the invention solved in that condensate is used as the coolant is the one downstream of the steam turbine condenser is removed, the coolant after Flow through the low-pressure part of the water-steam cycle is fed again after at least one Partial flow of the coolant is the one absorbed during cooling Has given off heat to the water-steam cycle while doing so itself has been cooled.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a suitable Coolant for cooling the low-pressure turbine in idle or light load operation in addition to its property effective cooling as a further property the ability to recover as large as possible Share of the heat loss through ventilation of the turbine output stages having.
  • the coolant should be an appropriate have low temperature.
  • the capacitor to maintain a necessary vacuum even when idling the low-pressure turbine part is in operation is therefore the Particularly suitable for use of condensate as coolant especially since it also has a suitable temperature.
  • the coolant is expediently carried out in a closed manner Cooling loop. It is useful that Coolant through in the or each vane of the Low pressure sub-turbine guided channels. Alternatively The coolant can also flow through the inside of the housing Low pressure sub-turbine provided channels, i.e. along from Outer or inner contours of the inner housing.
  • the warmed up coolant becomes the water-steam cycle supplied, this is done in terms of its pressure and Temperature at a suitable point and by regulating the final temperature of the warmed up coolant. With one particularly suitable regulation of the final temperature of the coolant the coolant flow supplied to the low-pressure sub-turbine set.
  • the stated object is achieved in that in the coolant line in the flow direction behind the Low-pressure turbine part of a heat exchanger on the primary side is switched, the secondary side in the water-steam cycle is switched.
  • the coolant line is expediently connected directly to the the condensate collector provided below the condenser or Hotwell connected. With repatriation of the warmed-up coolant into the water-steam cycle
  • the coolant line is expedient at a suitable point connected to the pressure side of one in the water-steam cycle Condensate pump connected.
  • a circulation pump can be switched into the coolant line his. Switching on a circulation pump is special useful if the coolant in a separate cooling loop with connection of the coolant line directly to the Hotwell of the capacitor is led.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically only the final stage of a steam turbine 1 with a double-flow low-pressure turbine section 2 and a capacitor 4 and arranged below this its collection container or Hotwell 6 for condensate K.
  • This is via a condensate line 8 with a condensate pump 10 into a water-steam cycle shown only in the detail 12 of the steam turbine 1 switched.
  • the condensate line 8 opens out via a first preheater 14 and a second preheater 16 into a also in the water-steam cycle 12 switched feed water tank 18.
  • condensate K flows out of the Hotwell 6 of the capacitor 4 via the condensate line 8 and the condensate pump 10 and the preheaters 14 and 16 in the feed water tank 18 where it is collected and usually is degassed. From there it is called feed water S in not shown in the water-steam cycle 12 switched evaporator and superheater heating surfaces for generating steam for the steam turbine 1 supplied.
  • feed water S in not shown in the water-steam cycle 12 switched evaporator and superheater heating surfaces for generating steam for the steam turbine 1 supplied.
  • the steam becomes working in the steam turbine 1 relaxed and then passed into the condenser 4 where he condenses.
  • the condensate 4 is collected in the Hotwell 6.
  • a partial flow t 1 of the condensate K from the hotwell 6 of the condenser 4 is fed to the low-pressure sub-turbine 2 via a coolant line 22 connected to the condensate line 8 on the pressure side of the condensate pump 10.
  • the amount of condensate or coolant K ′ passed through the coolant line 22 per unit of time, ie the coolant flow, is set.
  • the coolant K ' flows through guide vanes 24 of the low-pressure turbine section 2, only two of which are shown.
  • 24 channels are provided within the guide vanes in a manner not shown, which are networked together in a cooling loop.
  • the coolant K ′ can also flow through channels provided inside the inner housing 26 of the low-pressure turbine section 2, which can be outer or inner contours of the inner housing 26. This is indicated by the arrows 28.
  • a valve 30 is connected on the inflow side for setting the amount of coolant K ′ supplied to the low-pressure sub-turbine 2 per unit of time, ie for setting the partial condensate flow t 1 .
  • the coolant line 22 is guided on the outflow side, ie in the flow direction of the coolant K ′ behind the low-pressure sub-turbine 2, via the second preheater 16 and opens into the feed water tank 18. Between the low-pressure sub-turbine 2 and the second preheater 16 there is one in the coolant line 22 Check valve 32 switched.
  • the partial flow t 1 of the coolant K 'conducted via the coolant line 22 takes the heat from the low-pressure part-turbine 2, which is generated by ventilation in idle or low-load operation, when flowing through the guide vanes 24 and / or the inner housing 26 and passes this on to the second preheater 16 the condensate K flowing to the feed water tank 18.
  • the coolant K 'cooled in the process is mixed in the feed water tank 18 with the condensate K fed directly to it.
  • the coolant flow is varied by means of the valve 30.
  • measures a temperature sensor 34 the actual final temperature T K 'of the warmed coolant K' on the downstream side of the switched within the cooling loop in the refrigerant line 22 low-pressure turbine section 2.
  • a controller module 36 are connected via a signal line 38 a reference to the measured final temperature T K 'and a predeterminable target temperature determined control variable to the controllable valve 30 for setting the coolant flow t 1 .
  • the low-pressure turbine part 2 is cooled in a particularly simple manner in that condensate K as coolant K 'from the hotwell 6 of the condenser 4 via a circulation pump 40 connected into a coolant line 22' to the guide vanes 24 of the low-pressure Sub-turbine 2 is promoted.
  • a partial flow t 2 of the coolant K ', which is itself heated during cooling, is conducted via the partial flow line 42 connected to the coolant line 22' on the outflow side, into which a valve 44 is connected, via the conduit 4.
  • the amount of the coolant K 'taken from the hotwell 6 per unit of time is in turn set by means of the valve 30' connected into the coolant line 22 '.
  • the valve 30 ' is in turn controlled by the controller module 36 as a function of the end temperature T K' of the heated coolant K 'measured by means of the temperature sensor 34.
  • the remaining partial flow t 3 of the heated coolant K ' which can be adjusted by means of valves 48 and 50, is in turn passed through a heat exchanger or preheater 16', in turn releasing its heat at a suitable point in the water-steam circuit 12 of the steam turbine 1.
  • the coolant K ' is therefore conducted in a separate cooling circuit 52 which is closed directly via the condenser 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method of cooling the low-pressure stage of a steam turbine (1) connected into a water/steam loop (12). Coolant (K') flow through parts (24) of the low-pressure stage (2), particularly when idling. In order to ensure particularly effective cooling and to be able also to make use of the heat thus obtained, the condensate (K) from a condensor (4) connected downstream from the steam turbine (1) is used as the coolant (K'), the condensate giving up the heat absorbed during the cooling process to the water/steam loop (12). To this end, the low-pressure stage is connected to a coolant line (22, 22') which is connected to the outlet end of the condensor (4) and which includes a heat exchanger (16, 16') connected into the water/steam loop (12).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Kühlung der Niederdruck-Teilturbine einer in einen Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf geschalteten Dampfturbine, bei dem ein Kühlmittel die Niederdruck-Teilturbine, insbesondere im Leerlaufbetrieb, durchströmt. Sie richtet sich weiter auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for cooling the Low-pressure turbine part in a water-steam cycle switched steam turbine, in which a coolant is the low-pressure sub-turbine, in particular when idling. It continues to focus on a device for Execution of the procedure.

Ein Turbosatz mit einer Heizdampfturbine ist vielfach derart ausgelegt, daß bei einer Auskoppelung von Wärme aus einer Mitteldruck-Teilturbine die oder jede Niederdruck-Teilturbine keine wesentliche Dampfzufuhr erhält und somit im Leerlaufbetrieb arbeitet. Dies führt jedoch zu einer hohen Erwärmung der Beschaufelung in der Niederdruck-Teilturbine der Heizdampfturbine, insbesondere bei voller Wärmeauskoppelung und abgesperrter Niederdruck-Teilturbine.A turbo set with a steam turbine is often like this designed that when heat is extracted from a Medium pressure turbine part or each low pressure turbine part receives no significant steam supply and therefore in idle mode is working. However, this leads to high heating the blading in the low-pressure turbine section of the Heating steam turbine, especially with full heat extraction and shut-off low pressure turbine.

Zur Vermeidung von unzulässigen Aufwärmungen durch Ventilationsverluste in der Beschaufelung ist es aus der Deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 41 29 518 A1 bekannt, der Niederdruck-Teilturbine über eine an der Turbine vorgesehene Anzapfung Kühldampf und/oder Kondensat zuzuführen. Dies ist jedoch mit einem relativ großen Wärmeverlust verbunden, weil die im Kühldampf enthaltene Wärme zusammen mit der im wesentlichen durch die Ventilation entstandenen Verlustwärme über den der Dampfturbinen nachgeschalteten Kondensator abgeführt wird und somit zu Heizzwecken nicht zur Verfügung steht. Da die Menge des Kühldampfes zur Reduzierung eines durch die Ventilation entstehenden Temperaturanstieges in der Beschaufelung entsprechend groß gewählt werden muß, sind die Wärmeverluste relativ hoch. To avoid impermissible warming-up due to ventilation losses in the blading it is from the German Publication DE 41 29 518 A1 known, the low-pressure turbine via a tap provided on the turbine Supply cooling steam and / or condensate. However, this is with a relatively large heat loss because the im Cooling steam contained heat along with that essentially lost heat generated by ventilation above that of Steam turbines downstream capacitor is discharged and is therefore not available for heating purposes. Because the crowd the cooling steam to reduce one through ventilation arising temperature rise in the blading the heat losses are correspondingly large quite high.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine besonders effektive Kühlung der Niederdruck-Teilturbine, insbesondere im Leerlauf- und/oder Schwachlastbetrieb, anzugeben. Dies soll bei einer zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeigneten Vorrichtung mit besonders einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden.The invention is therefore based on the object, a particular one effective cooling of the low-pressure turbine, in particular in idle and / or low load operation. This is said to be suitable for carrying out the method Device can be achieved with particularly simple means.

Bezüglich des Verfahrens wird die genannte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß als Kühlmittel Kondensat verwendet wird, das einem der Dampfturbine nachgeschalteten Kondensator entnommen wird, wobei das Kühlmittel nach Durchströmen der Niederdruck-Teiltubine dem Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf wieder zugeführt wird, nachdem mindestens ein Teilstrom des Kühlmittels die bei der Kühlung aufgenommene Wärme an den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf abgegeben hat und dabei selbst abgekühlt worden ist.With regard to the method, the stated object is achieved according to the invention solved in that condensate is used as the coolant is the one downstream of the steam turbine condenser is removed, the coolant after Flow through the low-pressure part of the water-steam cycle is fed again after at least one Partial flow of the coolant is the one absorbed during cooling Has given off heat to the water-steam cycle while doing so itself has been cooled.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, daß ein geeignetes Kühlmittel zur Kühlung der Niederdruck-Teilturbine im Leerlauf- oder Schwachlastbetrieb zusätzlich zu dessen Eigenschaft einer wirkungsvollen Kühlung als weitere Eigenschaft die Fähigkeit zur Rückgewinnung eines möglichst großen Anteils der Verlustwärme durch Ventilation der Turbinenendstufen aufweist. Dazu soll das Kühlmittel eine entsprechend niedrige Temperatur aufweisen. Da der Kondensator zur Aufrechterhaltung eines notwendigen Vakuums auch bei Leerlauf der Niederdruck-Teilturbine in Betrieb ist, ist daher die Verwendung von Kondensat als Kühlmittel besonders geeignet, zumal es auch eine geeignete Temperatur aufweist.The invention is based on the consideration that a suitable Coolant for cooling the low-pressure turbine in idle or light load operation in addition to its property effective cooling as a further property the ability to recover as large as possible Share of the heat loss through ventilation of the turbine output stages having. To do this, the coolant should be an appropriate have low temperature. As the capacitor to maintain a necessary vacuum even when idling the low-pressure turbine part is in operation, is therefore the Particularly suitable for use of condensate as coolant especially since it also has a suitable temperature.

Die Kühlmittelführung erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise in einer geschlossenen Kühlschleife. Dabei wird zweckmäßigerweise das Kühlmittel durch in der oder jeder Leitschaufel der Niederdruck-Teilturbine vorhandene Kanäle geführt. Alternativ kann das Kühlmittel auch durch innerhalb des Gehäuses der Niederdruck-Teilturbine vorgesehene Kanäle, d.h. entlang von Außen- oder Innenkonturen des Innengehäuses, geführt werden. The coolant is expediently carried out in a closed manner Cooling loop. It is useful that Coolant through in the or each vane of the Low pressure sub-turbine guided channels. Alternatively The coolant can also flow through the inside of the housing Low pressure sub-turbine provided channels, i.e. along from Outer or inner contours of the inner housing.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Teilstrom des aufgewärmten oder aufgeheizten Kühlmittels nach erfolgter Abkühlung dem Kondensator auf dessen Abströmseite zugeführt, während der andere Teilstrom dem Kondensator auf dessen Zuströmseite direkt zugeführt wird.The partial flow of the heated or heated coolant after cooling Condenser supplied on its downstream side, during the other partial flow to the condenser on its inflow side is fed directly.

Wird das aufgewärmte Kühlmittel dem Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf zugeführt, so erfolgt dies im Hinblick auf dessen Druck und Temperatur an geeigneter Stelle und durch Regelung der Endtemperatur des aufgewärmten Kühlmittels. Bei einer besonders geeigneten Regelung der Endtemperatur des Kühlmittels wird der der Niederdruck-Teilturbine zugeführte Kühlmittelstrom eingestellt.The warmed up coolant becomes the water-steam cycle supplied, this is done in terms of its pressure and Temperature at a suitable point and by regulating the final temperature of the warmed up coolant. With one particularly suitable regulation of the final temperature of the coolant the coolant flow supplied to the low-pressure sub-turbine set.

Bezüglich der Vorrichtung zur Kühlung der Niederdruck-Teilturbine einer in einen Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf geschalteten Dampfturbine mit nachgeschaltetem Kondensator, bei der die Niederdruck-Teilturbine an eine mit der Abströmseite des Kondensators verbundene Kühlmittelleitung angeschlossen ist, wird die genannte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in die Kühlmittelleitung in Strömungsrichtung hinter der Niederdruck-Teilturbine ein Wärmetauscher primärseitig geschaltet ist, dessen Sekundärseite in den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf geschaltet ist.Regarding the device for cooling the low-pressure partial turbine one connected to a water-steam cycle Steam turbine with a downstream condenser, in which the Low pressure turbine part to one with the downstream side of the Condenser-connected coolant line is connected, the stated object is achieved in that in the coolant line in the flow direction behind the Low-pressure turbine part of a heat exchanger on the primary side is switched, the secondary side in the water-steam cycle is switched.

Mittels dieses Wärmetauschers oder Kühlers kann die im aufgewärmten Kühlmittel enthaltene Wärme für eine Rückgewinnung in besonders geeigneter Weise ausgekoppelt und an einer solchen geeigneten Stelle an den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf abgeführt werden, an der ein niedriger Kondensatdruck herrscht, z.B. nach einem ersten Niederdruck-Vorwärmer.By means of this heat exchanger or cooler, the can be warmed up Heat contained in the coolant for recovery coupled out in a particularly suitable manner and on such suitable place in the water-steam cycle where the condensate pressure is low, e.g. after a first low pressure preheater.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist dabei die Kühlmittelleitung an den unmittelbar unterhalb des Kondensators vorgesehenen Kondensatsammelbehälter oder Hotwell angeschlossen. Bei Rückführung des aufgewärmten Kühlmittels in den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf an geeigneter Stelle ist die Kühlmittelleitung zweckmäßigerweise an die Druckseite einer in den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf geschalteten Kondensatpumpe angeschlossen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann in die Kühlmittelleitung eine Umlaufpumpe geschaltet sein. Die Einschaltung einer Umlaufpumpe ist besonders zweckmäßig, wenn das Kühlmittel in einer separaten Kühlschleife mit Anschluß der Kühlmittelleitung direkt an den Hotwell des Kondensators geführt wird.The coolant line is expediently connected directly to the the condensate collector provided below the condenser or Hotwell connected. With repatriation of the warmed-up coolant into the water-steam cycle The coolant line is expedient at a suitable point connected to the pressure side of one in the water-steam cycle Condensate pump connected. Alternatively or additionally a circulation pump can be switched into the coolant line his. Switching on a circulation pump is special useful if the coolant in a separate cooling loop with connection of the coolant line directly to the Hotwell of the capacitor is led.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:

FIG 1
ein Funktionsschema zur Kühlung der Leitschaufeln einer Niederdruck-Teilturbine mittels hinter einer Kondensatpumpe entnommenem Kondensat, und
FIG 2
ein alternatives Funktionsschema mit einer über einen Kondensator-Hotwell geführten Kühlschleife.
Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In it show:
FIG. 1
a functional diagram for cooling the guide vanes of a low-pressure turbine section by means of condensate removed behind a condensate pump, and
FIG 2
an alternative functional diagram with a cooling loop guided over a condenser hotwell.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in beiden Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are in both figures with the provided with the same reference numerals.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch lediglich die Endstufe einer Dampfturbine 1 mit einer doppelflutigen Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 und einem unterhalb dieser angeordneten Kondensator 4 und dessen Sammelbehälter oder Hotwell 6 für Kondensat K. Dieser ist über eine Kondensatleitung 8 mit einer Kondensatpumpe 10 in einen nur im Ausschnitt dargestellten Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 12 der Dampfturbine 1 geschaltet. Die Kondensatleitung 8 mündet über einen ersten Vorwärmer 14 und einen zweiten Vorwärmer 16 in einen ebenfalls in den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 12 geschalteten Speisewasserbehälter 18.Figure 1 shows schematically only the final stage of a steam turbine 1 with a double-flow low-pressure turbine section 2 and a capacitor 4 and arranged below this its collection container or Hotwell 6 for condensate K. This is via a condensate line 8 with a condensate pump 10 into a water-steam cycle shown only in the detail 12 of the steam turbine 1 switched. The condensate line 8 opens out via a first preheater 14 and a second preheater 16 into a also in the water-steam cycle 12 switched feed water tank 18.

Beim Betrieb der Dampturbine 1 strömt Kondensat K aus dem Hotwell 6 des Kondensators 4 über die Kondensatleitung 8 und die Kondensatpumpe 10 sowie über die Vorwärmer 14 und 16 in den Speisewasserbehälter 18, wo es gesammelt und üblicherweise entgast wird. Von dort wird es als Speisewasser S in nicht näher dargestellter Art und Weise in den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 12 geschalteten Verdampfer- und Überhitzerheizflächen zur Erzeugung von Dampf für die Dampfturbine 1 zugeführt. Der Dampf wird in der Dampfturbine 1 arbeitsleistend entspannt und anschließend in den Kondensator 4 geführt, wo er kondensiert. Das Kondensat 4 wird im Hotwell 6 gesammelt.When operating the steam turbine 1, condensate K flows out of the Hotwell 6 of the capacitor 4 via the condensate line 8 and the condensate pump 10 and the preheaters 14 and 16 in the feed water tank 18 where it is collected and usually is degassed. From there it is called feed water S in not shown in the water-steam cycle 12 switched evaporator and superheater heating surfaces for generating steam for the steam turbine 1 supplied. The steam becomes working in the steam turbine 1 relaxed and then passed into the condenser 4 where he condenses. The condensate 4 is collected in the Hotwell 6.

Ein Teilstrom t1 des Kondensats K aus dem Hotwell 6 des Kondensators 4 wird über eine auf der Druckseite der Kondensatpumpe 10 an die Kondensatleitung 8 angeschlossene Kühlmittelleitung 22 der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 zugeführt. Dabei wird die pro Zeiteinheit über die Kühlmittelleitung 22 geführte Menge an Kondensat oder Kühlmittel K', d.h. der Kühlmittelstrom, eingestellt. Das Kühlmittel K' durchströmt im Ausführungsbeispiel Leitschaufeln 24 der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2, von denen nur zwei dargestellt sind. Dazu sind in nicht näher dargestellter Weise innerhalb der Leitschaufeln 24 Kanäle vorgesehen, die in einer Kühlschleife miteinander vernetzt sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Kühlmittel K' auch innerhalb des Innengehäuses 26 der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 vorgesehene Kanäle, die Außen- oder Innenkonturen des Innengehäuses 26 sein können, durchströmen. Dies ist durch die Pfeile 28 angedeutet.A partial flow t 1 of the condensate K from the hotwell 6 of the condenser 4 is fed to the low-pressure sub-turbine 2 via a coolant line 22 connected to the condensate line 8 on the pressure side of the condensate pump 10. The amount of condensate or coolant K ′ passed through the coolant line 22 per unit of time, ie the coolant flow, is set. In the exemplary embodiment, the coolant K 'flows through guide vanes 24 of the low-pressure turbine section 2, only two of which are shown. For this purpose, 24 channels are provided within the guide vanes in a manner not shown, which are networked together in a cooling loop. As an alternative or in addition, the coolant K ′ can also flow through channels provided inside the inner housing 26 of the low-pressure turbine section 2, which can be outer or inner contours of the inner housing 26. This is indicated by the arrows 28.

In die Kühlmittelleitung 22 ist auf der Zuströmseite ein Ventil 30 zur Einstellung der der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 pro Zeiteinheit zugeführten Menge an Kühlmittel K', d.h. zur Einstellung des Kondensatteilstroms t1, geschaltet. Die Kühlmittelleitung 22 ist abströmseitig, d.h. in Strömungsrichtung des Kühlmittels K' hinter der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2, über den zweiten Vorwärmer 16 geführt und mündet in den Speisewasserbehälter 18. Zwischen der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 und dem zweiten Vorwärmer 16 ist in die Kühlmittelleitung 22 eine Rückschlagklappe 32 geschaltet.In the coolant line 22, a valve 30 is connected on the inflow side for setting the amount of coolant K ′ supplied to the low-pressure sub-turbine 2 per unit of time, ie for setting the partial condensate flow t 1 . The coolant line 22 is guided on the outflow side, ie in the flow direction of the coolant K ′ behind the low-pressure sub-turbine 2, via the second preheater 16 and opens into the feed water tank 18. Between the low-pressure sub-turbine 2 and the second preheater 16 there is one in the coolant line 22 Check valve 32 switched.

Der über die Kühlmittelleitung 22 geführte Teilstrom t1 des Kühlmittels K' nimmt beim Durchströmen der Leitschaufeln 24 und/oder des Innengehäuses 26 die im Leerlauf- oder Schwachlastbetrieb durch Ventilation entstehende Wärme aus der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 auf und gibt diese im zweiten Vorwärmer 16 an das dem Speisewasserbehälter 18 zuströmenden Kondensat K ab. Das dabei abgekühlte Kühlmittel K' wird im Speisewasserbehälter 18 mit dem diesem direkt zugeführten Kondensat K vermischt.The partial flow t 1 of the coolant K 'conducted via the coolant line 22 takes the heat from the low-pressure part-turbine 2, which is generated by ventilation in idle or low-load operation, when flowing through the guide vanes 24 and / or the inner housing 26 and passes this on to the second preheater 16 the condensate K flowing to the feed water tank 18. The coolant K 'cooled in the process is mixed in the feed water tank 18 with the condensate K fed directly to it.

Zur Einstellung der Endtemperatur TK' des infolge der Kühlung der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 aufgewärmten oder aufgeheizten Kühlmittels K' wird mittels des Ventils 30 der Kühlmittelstrom variiert. Dazu mißt ein Temperatursensor 34 die aktuelle Endtemperatur TK' des aufgewärmten Kühlmittels K' auf der Abströmseite der innerhalb der Kühlschleife in die Kühlmittelleitung 22 geschalteten Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2. Ein Reglerbaustein 36 gibt über eine Signalleitung 38 eine anhand der gemessenen Endtemperatur TK' und einer vorgebbaren Solltemperatur ermittelte Stellgröße an das steuerbare Ventil 30 zur Einstellung des Kühlmittelstroms t1 ab.In order to set the final temperature T K ' of the coolant K' warmed or heated as a result of the cooling of the low-pressure sub-turbine 2, the coolant flow is varied by means of the valve 30. For this purpose measures a temperature sensor 34, the actual final temperature T K 'of the warmed coolant K' on the downstream side of the switched within the cooling loop in the refrigerant line 22 low-pressure turbine section 2. A controller module 36 are connected via a signal line 38 a reference to the measured final temperature T K 'and a predeterminable target temperature determined control variable to the controllable valve 30 for setting the coolant flow t 1 .

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 erfolgt die Kühlung der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 auf besonders einfache Weise dadurch, daß Kondensat K als Kühlmittel K' aus dem Hotwell 6 des Kondensators 4 über eine in eine Kühlmittelleitung 22' geschaltete Umwälzpumpe 40 zu den Leitschaufeln 24 der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2 gefördert wird. Ein Teilstrom t2 des bei der Kühlung selbst erhitzten Kühlmittels K' wird über eine abströmseitig an die Kühlmittelleitung 22' angeschlossene Teilstromleitung 42, in die ein Ventil 44 geschaltet ist, über die Berohrung des Kondensators 4 geführt. Dabei gibt das erhitzte Kühlmittel K' seine Wärme an das den Kondensator 4 durchströmende Kühlwasser W ab. Die Menge des dem Hotwell 6 pro Zeiteinheit entnommenen Kühlmittels K' wird wiederum mittels des in die Kühlmittelleitung 22' geschalteten Ventils 30' eingestellt. Das Ventil 30' wird wiederum vom Reglerbaustein 36 in Abhängigkeit von der mittels des Temperaturmeßfühlers 34 gemessenen Endtemperatur TK' des erhitzten Kühlmittels K' gesteuert.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the low-pressure turbine part 2 is cooled in a particularly simple manner in that condensate K as coolant K 'from the hotwell 6 of the condenser 4 via a circulation pump 40 connected into a coolant line 22' to the guide vanes 24 of the low-pressure Sub-turbine 2 is promoted. A partial flow t 2 of the coolant K ', which is itself heated during cooling, is conducted via the partial flow line 42 connected to the coolant line 22' on the outflow side, into which a valve 44 is connected, via the conduit 4. The heated coolant K 'emits its heat to the cooling water W flowing through the condenser 4. The amount of the coolant K 'taken from the hotwell 6 per unit of time is in turn set by means of the valve 30' connected into the coolant line 22 '. The valve 30 'is in turn controlled by the controller module 36 as a function of the end temperature T K' of the heated coolant K 'measured by means of the temperature sensor 34.

Der verbleibende, mittels Ventilen 48 und 50 einstellbare Teilstrom t3 des erhitzten Kühlmittels K' wird wiederum über einen Wärmetauscher oder Vorwärmer 16' geführt, wobei es wiederum seine Wärme an einer geeigneten Stelle an den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 12 der Dampturbine 1 abgibt. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 wird daher das Kühlmittel K' in einem direkt über den Kondensator 4 geschlossenen, separaten Kühlkreis 52 geführt.The remaining partial flow t 3 of the heated coolant K ', which can be adjusted by means of valves 48 and 50, is in turn passed through a heat exchanger or preheater 16', in turn releasing its heat at a suitable point in the water-steam circuit 12 of the steam turbine 1. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the coolant K 'is therefore conducted in a separate cooling circuit 52 which is closed directly via the condenser 4.

Zur Vermeidung von Erosion an der Turbinenbeschaufelung können die Leitschaufeln 24 über deren Kühlkanäle auch mit Dampf beheizt werden, der dazu in an sich bekannter, hier nicht näher dargestellter Art und Weise aus einer Turbinenanzapfung entnommen werden sollte.To avoid erosion on the turbine blades the guide vanes 24 via their cooling channels also with steam to be heated, the well-known, not here detailed manner from a turbine tap should be removed.

Claims (10)

  1. Method of cooling the low-pressure turbine section of a steam turbine (1) connected in a water/steam circuit (12), in which method a coolant (K') flows through the low-pressure turbine section (2), in particular during idling operation, condensate (K) bled from a condenser (4) connected downstream of the steam turbine (1) being used as coolant (K'), and at least one partial flow (t1, t3) of the coolant (K'), after flowing through the low-pressure turbine section (2), first of all being cooled down by emitting heat to the water/steam circuit (12) and then being fed back to the water/steam circuit (12).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coolant (K') flows through a guide blade (24) or each guide blade (24) of the low-pressure turbine section (2).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coolant (K') flows through passages provided inside the inner casing (26) of the low-pressure turbine section (2).
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coolant (K') is directed in a separate cooling circuit (52), it being fed back into the condenser (4) after flowing through the low-pressure turbine section (2).
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coolant flow (t1) is set in order to control the final temperature (TK') of the warmed-up coolant (K').
  6. Arrangement for cooling the low-pressure turbine section of a steam turbine (1) connected in a water/steam circuit (12) and having a condenser (4) connected downstream, the low-pressure turbine section (2) being connected to a coolant line (22, 22') for condensate (K'), which coolant line (22, 22') is connected to the outflow side of the condenser (4) and leads into the water/steam circuit, and a heat exchanger (16, 16') being connected on the primary side in the coolant line (22, 22') in the direction of flow behind the low-pressure turbine section (2), the secondary side of which heat exchanger (16, 16'), to transfer heat contained in the condensate (K'), is connected in the water/steam circuit (12).
  7. Arrangement according to Claim 6, characterized in that the coolant line (22, 22') is connected to the hot well (6) of the condenser (4).
  8. Arrangement according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the coolant line (22) is connected to the pressure side of a condensate pump (10) connected in the water/steam circuit (12).
  9. Arrangement according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a circulating pump (40) is connected in the coolant line (22').
  10. Arrangement according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized by means for controlling the final temperature (TK') of the coolant (K') heated during the cooling.
EP96934354A 1995-08-31 1996-08-12 Method and device for cooling the low-pressure stage of a steam turbine Expired - Lifetime EP0847482B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19532199 1995-08-31
DE19532199 1995-08-31
PCT/DE1996/001506 WO1997008431A1 (en) 1995-08-31 1996-08-12 Method and device for cooling the low-pressure stage of a steam turbine

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EP0847482A1 EP0847482A1 (en) 1998-06-17
EP0847482B1 true EP0847482B1 (en) 2001-10-31

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EP (1) EP0847482B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3866288B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100437922B1 (en)
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DE (1) DE59608085D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2166909T3 (en)
IN (1) IN187336B (en)
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TW (1) TW312727B (en)
UA (1) UA44799C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1997008431A1 (en)

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UA44799C2 (en) 2002-03-15
TW312727B (en) 1997-08-11
KR19990044185A (en) 1999-06-25
JPH11511222A (en) 1999-09-28
WO1997008431A1 (en) 1997-03-06
JP3866288B2 (en) 2007-01-10
ES2166909T3 (en) 2002-05-01
KR100437922B1 (en) 2004-08-16
RU2160368C2 (en) 2000-12-10
CN1076075C (en) 2001-12-12
EP0847482A1 (en) 1998-06-17
CN1194025A (en) 1998-09-23
IN187336B (en) 2002-03-30
US6094914A (en) 2000-08-01

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