SU1092288A1 - Extraction turbine low-pressure cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A LOW PRESSURE CYLINDER OF A HEATING STEAM TURBINE containing a cooling device with a steam and water chambers, a regulating member at the entrance in the form of a rotary ring with steam supply channels and a diaphragm with inner and outer rims, characterized in that, in order to increase the cooling efficiency and reducing the erosive wear of the blades, steam and water on the chambers are made in the inner rim of the diaphragm; in the latter, from the root zone of the blades, gas-jet acoustic systems are additionally installed Hartmann and Kie emitters formed chamber, messages slotted channels and nozzles emitters with a water and steam chambers, respectively, and a rotary ring formed steam pipe Suitable additional channels. 2. A cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the emitters are communicated with a common resonant chamber. i 3. Cylinder in PP. 1 and 2, which differs (L in that a rod is placed in the nozzle of the radiator, which is fixed in the resonator of the radiator with ts :) 00 CX)

Description

11opps1: (do not refer to power engineering, namely to the design of low-pressure cylinder cylinders (LPCs) of tenofication single turbines, and may be inopportune (; lzoviaio for our enviroment and their reliability and eco-responsibility). ) a poor cooling device in low flow and low power modes, rasio; in the receiver between medium or low pressure impellers 1 |. A disadvantage of the known low pressure cylinder is the possibility of ionizing from the outlet zone of the separator for steep droplets of moisture into the exact part of the turbine and as follow All over, erosive wear of the foot, and the presence of a separator designed for the complete flow of the cooling ion predetermines the need for an increased pressure of the cooling ion, while the inability to maintain the optimum flow of the ion for cooling the low pressure cylinder when pressure is applied to the pressure cylinder also reduces the cost-effectiveness and reliability of the turbine installation. Also, the LPC of the heating and steam chamber, containing a cooling device with a steam and water chambers, a regulating inlet organ, is in the form of a rotary ring with steam supply channels and diaphragms with inner and outer rims 2. The disadvantages of such a low pressure cylinder are that the cooling flow, due to the seizure of the droplets on the guide vanes of the first stage of the low pressure low pressure loop, forms a developed and foamy current, which in the edges of the ribs forms large droplets that cause erosive wear of the entrance edges of working loops, and since the supply of the cooling blades to the working blades is located along the entire length of the input edge, peripheral sections, as having a large area, are subjected to the most wear and tear. hydrochloric speed, consequently, high velocity impact with kzpl microns. In addition, the iodine of the cooling capacity throughout the outflow of the blades at low, and compared to the commemorative, steam consumption determines the flow advantageous in the peripheral zone, which causes the uneven cooling of the flow part of the low-pressure cylinder. The aim of the invention is to improve the cooling efficiency and reduce the erosive wear of workloads. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the low-pressure cylinder of a heat and steam turbine containing a cooling device with a steam and water chambers, a regulating organ on the cortex in the form of a twist-ring with steam supply channels and a diaphragm with internal and external rims, steam and water on the chambers you ioliene in viutrein the rim of the diaphragm, in microscope with (; hops, root zop of workers. blades, additional: h: tanovlei 1) 1 ha;: 11,: other acoustic emitters of Hartmann i: ziiplns:; and the camera, with co-emitters and nozzles of radiators water no1 1 and paome Kame1:), respectively, and in G101, o) a separate ring, there are additional polio-leading channels, and this cooler has a common resonator 11 camera, and in coH.ic emitter there is a rod fixed in the emitter resonator. FIG. 1 is presented by low-pressure cylinder, longitudinal section; in fig. 2 is a section through the supply of cooling steam; on phi 3 - wide inner diaphragm with Hartmann radiators; in fig. 4 - the same, it is with emitter radiators; ua (|} ig. 5 - the same, with a flat radial channel. The LPC contains, at the entrance, a regulating body in the form of a rotary ring having an outer rim 1, throttles 2, an inner rim 3 and a steam supply center.1 channels (not shown), and dia (}: | ragmas with an outer rim m 4, a direction lg rim 5 and an inner rim 6. At the root of the throttles 2 are made up of complete steam supply channels (oxi) 7 with a width equal to the input and , 1) () caialea and guideline of five blades 5. The inner rim 6 of the diaphragm can be made. It can be realized in three versions a. Vi. In iervom : arianthe (see Fig. 3) in the rim there is a ring steam chamber 8 connected by channels 9 to a steam chamber K) located in the entrance cowl I. The steam chamber 10 is connected to the lpia 12 supplying the cooled air and steam, On the other hand, the working nozzle in the low-pressure cylinder is installed in a steam chamber 8. Steam nozzles 13, 11 ayr o1 have a ring-shaped sectional resonator 14. The steam nozzles 13 in place of the ring resonator 14 form a gas-jet acoustic (ultrasonic) Hartmann radiator. The annular water in chamber 15 on one side communicates with the condensate supply line (ke is shown), and on the other, via the slot channel 16 with the exit edges of the steam nozzles 13. The conical surface 17 in the inner rim 6 performs the functions of an ultrasonic reflector and is coordinated with Korium epochs of interloe channels of working loaders 18. The design of the inner rim 6 of the diaphragm according to the second variant (phi-4) is characterized by the presence of a central rod 1 19 placed in the core 13 fixed in the resonator 14 of the radiator and forming it together with the steam nozzle 13 and the resonator 14 are the Hartmann gas jet rod radiator.

In the third embodiment (Fig. 5), the steam chamber 8 is connected by a flat radial channel 20 with an annular resonant cavity 21 partitioned by transverse partitions (not shown). Water to the chamber 15 is connected by the slotted channel 16 to the reflex cone 22. The conical surface 17 and the reflex cone 22 form an annular channel 23, which is conjugated to the root region of the blades 18.

Similarly, a single-threaded low-pressure cylinder may be performed, having a regulatory authority at the entrance.

The low pressure cylinder operates as follows.

In low flow or heat dissipation modes, when the diaphragm is fully closed, the low-pressure cylinder cooling system is activated. From an external source, for example, from one of the turbine selections (not shown), steam through supply line 12 enters the steam chamber 10 and further, through channels 9 into the annular steam chamber 8. With supercritical pressure drops on the nozzles 13 in the streams behind them a supersonic outflow is established, which, when decelerated by resonator 14, enters self-oscillation mode and acquires a cellular structure.

In the annular space bounded by the case of the ring resonator 14 and the conical surface (reflector) 17, a region of powerful ultrasonic vibrations arises. Simultaneously with the supply of steam to the steam chamber 10, the supply of condensate to the annular water chamber 15 is turned on. The liquid, which has flowed out of the water chamber 15 through the slot channel 16, forms a thin liquid film on the nozzle section 13. The latter appears in the field of action of the ultrasonic vibrations, is crushed by them into droplets and is transported by the vapor flow into the root region of the blades 18.

Steam from the entrance to the low-pressure cylinder passes through additional steam supply channels 7 and is formed by guide vanes 5 into an annular flow matched in direction with the rotation of the working vanes 18. This annular flow performs two functions: first, it limits the radial movement of the steam jet moving from a Hartmann gas jet acoustic radiator and secondly directs it

interstate blades of working blades 18. The steam duct formed as a result of the merging of two streams into the mixture pea; nizut heat removal in the first and subsequent steps of the low-pressure cylinder.

With the increased consumption of condensate, the effectiveness of the ultrasonic crushing by the design of the low pressure cylinder in the first embodiment (Fig. 3) may be insufficient to provide a fine drop

0 structures. In this case, the design of the low-pressure cylinder according to the second variant is reasonable (FRG. 4). This LPC works similarly to the previous one, but the presence of a solid boundary (i.e., a central rod 19) leads to a change in the structure of oblique shocks of compaction and rarefaction, so that at a constant flow rate of steam and acoustic power of the Hartmann radiator the turn leads to a decrease in the size of the droplets formed from the liquid film.

In the construction of low pressure cylinders of the third variant (Fig. 5), an annular resonant cavity 21 is impinging on a supersonic jet emanating from a flat radial channel 20, as a result of which a system of compression surges occurs, creating strong ultrasonic oscillations of velocity and vapor pressure. The fluid flowing out of the water chamber 15 through the slit channel 16, forms on the reflex cone 22 a thin

Q nlenku. which is subjected to intense pulsating vapor flow and is crushed at the exit edges of the reflex cone 22 into droplets. The steam-water flow thus formed is formed by a conical surface 17 and a reflex cone 22 into an annular stream and is directed to the root region of the blades 18.

Thus, the use of this design of LPCs increases the reliability

 turbines during operation at heat generation, as well as idling and start-up modes by eliminating erosion hazard to the working blades from the cooling steam flow and more efficient cooling of the turbine flow section, since the cooling flow is uniform in structure and does not contain droplets dangerous for the working blades sizes.

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Claims (3)

1. A LOW PRESSURE CYLINDER OF A HEAT STATION TURBINE TURBINE, comprising a cooling device with steam and water chambers, an inlet control element in the form of a rotary ring with steam supply channels and a diaphragm with inner and outer rims, characterized in that. in order to increase the cooling efficiency and reduce the erosion of the working blades, the steam and water chambers are made in the inner rim of the diaphragm, in the latter, gas-jet acoustic Hartmann emitters are additionally installed on the side of the root zone of the working blades and a chamber is communicated with slotted channels and nozzles of emitters with water and steam cameras, respectively, and in the rotary ring are made additional vapor-conducting channels. 2. The cylinder in π. 1, characterized in that. that emitters are communicated by a common resonance camera. 3. The cylinder according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that in the nozzle of the emitter is a rod mounted in the resonator of the emitter Figure 1