EP0843149B1 - Composite armor panel and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents
Composite armor panel and manufacturing method therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0843149B1 EP0843149B1 EP96308166A EP96308166A EP0843149B1 EP 0843149 B1 EP0843149 B1 EP 0843149B1 EP 96308166 A EP96308166 A EP 96308166A EP 96308166 A EP96308166 A EP 96308166A EP 0843149 B1 EP0843149 B1 EP 0843149B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pellets
- mould
- composite armor
- armor plate
- panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite armor plate. More particularly, the invention provides an armored plate providing lightweight ballistic protection which may be worn by the user, and for protecting light mobile equipment and vehicles against high-speed armor-piercing projectiles or fragments. The invention also relates to multi-layer armor panels incorporating the plate, and methods for manufacturing the plate.
- the first consideration is weight.
- Protective armor for heavy but mobile military equipment such as tanks and large ships, is known.
- Such armor usually comprises a thick layer of alloy steel, which is intended to provide protection against heavy and explosive projectiles. Due to its weight, such armor is quite unsuitable for light vehicles such as automobiles, jeeps, light boats, or aircraft, whose performance is compromised by steel panels having a thickness of more than a few millimeters.
- Armor for light vehicles is expected to prevent penetration of bullets of any weight, even when impacting at a speed in the range of 700 to 1000 meters per second.
- the maximum armor weight which is acceptable for use on light vehicles varies with the type of vehicle, but generally falls in the range of 40 to 70 kg/m 2 .
- a second consideration is cost. Overly complex armor arrangements, particularly those depending entirely on synthetic fibers, can be responsible for a notable proportion of the total vehicle cost, and can make its manufacture non-profitable.
- a third consideration in armor design is compactness.
- a thick armor panel including air spaces between its various layers, increases the target profile and the wind resistance of the vehicle.
- Ceramic materials are nonmetallic, inorganic solids having a crystalline or glassy structure, and have many useful physical properties, including resistance to heat, abrasion and compression, high rigidity, low weight in comparison with steel, and outstanding chemical stabiity. Such properties have long drawn the attention of armor designers, and solid ceramic plates, in thicknesses ranging from 3 mm. for personal protection to 50 mm. for heavy military vehicles, are commercially available for such use.
- a known form of armor plating using ceramics is produced in Israel by cutting 5 mm. steel plates to the sizes required, heat-treating the steel and adding a ceramic coating.
- One disadvantage of this type of panel is that on completion the panels are almost impossible to modify. In use, the ceramic coating performs well against the first bullet, but tends to shatter, and thus fails to protect against further projectiles.
- a common problem with prior art ceramic armor concerns damage inflicted on the armor structure by a first projectile, whether stopped or penetrating. Such damage weakens the armor panel, and so allows penetration of a following projectile, impacting within a few centimeters of the first.
- U.S. Patent 5,361,678 (basis for the preamble of claim 1) discloses a composite armor plate comprising a closely packed layer of spherical ceramic balls distributed in an aluminium or titanium alloy matrix, the balls being provided with a coating to reduce damage from thermal shock during manufacture of the plate.
- U.S. Patent 3,705,558 discloses a lightweight armor plate comprising at least two layers of ceramic balls.
- the ceramic balls are in contact with each other and leave small gaps for entry of molten metal.
- the ceramic balls are encased in a stainless steel wire screen; and in another embodiment, the composite armor is manufactured by adhering nickel-coated alumina spheres to an aluminium alloy plate by means of a polysulfide adhesive.
- Such an armor plate is difficult to manufacture because the ceramic spheres may be damaged by thermal shock arising from molten metal contact. The ceramic spheres are also sometimes displaced during casting of molten metal into interstices between the spheres.
- U.S. Patent 4,534,266 and 4,945,814 propose a network of interlinked metal shells to encase ceramic inserts during casting of molten metal. After the metal solidifies, the metal shells are incorporated into the composite armor. It has been determined, however, that such a network of interlinked metal shells substantially increases the overall weight of the armored panel and decreases the stopping power thereof.
- the present invention is therefore intended to obviate the disadvantages of prior art ceramic armor, and to provide an armor plate which is effective against small-caliber armor-piercing projectiles, yet is of light weight, i.e. having a weight of less than 45 kg/m 2 , which is equivalent to about 9 lbs/ft 2 , and low bulk.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an armor panel which is particularly effective in arresting a plurality of projectiles impacting upon the same general area of the panel.
- the invention provides a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of superposed rows and each of a majority of said pellets is in contact with at least four adjacent pellets, characterised in that the pellets have an Al 2 O 3 content of at least 93% and a specific gravity of at least 2.5, the majority of the pellets each have a major axis of a length in the range of from 3 to 12 mm, the solidified material, and hence the plate, is elastic at a temperature below 250°C, and the weight of said plate does not exceed 45 kg/m 2 .
- Said solidified material can be any suitable material which is elastic at a temperature below 250°C, such as aluminium or other suitable metal, epoxy, a thermoplastic polymer, or a thermoset plastic.
- an armored plate wherein the solidified material contains at least 80% aluminium.
- the elasticity of the material used in the present invention serves, to a certain extent, to increase the probability that a projectile will simultaneously impact several pellets, thereby increasing the efficiency of the stopping power of the panel of the present invention.
- a multi-layered armor panel comprising an outer, impact-receiving layer consisting of a composite armor plate as hereinbefore defined for deforming and shattering an impacting high velocity, armor-piercing projectile, and an inner layer adjacent to said outer layer comprising a tough woven textile material for causing an asymmetric deformation of the remaining fragments of said projectile and for absorbing the remaining kinetic energy from said fragments, said inner layer having a thickness of at least 50% of that of said outer, impact-receiving layer, and said panel being adapted to stop three bullets fired sequentially at a triangular area of said panel, the sides of said triangle being 5 cm each.
- the novel armor of the present invention traps incoming projectiles between several sphere-like, very hard ceramic pellets which are held in a single layer in rigid mutual relationship.
- the moderate size of the pellets ensures that the damage caused by a first projectile is localized and does not spread to adjoining areas.
- An incoming projectile may contact the pellet array in one of three ways:
- the present invention provides a method for producing a composite armor plate as defined hereinabove, comprising providing a mould having a bottom, two major surfaces, two minor surfaces and an open top, wherein the distance between said two major surfaces is from about 1.2 to about 1.8 times the major axis of said pellets; inserting said pellets into said mould to form a plurality of superposed rows of pellets extending substantially along the entire distance between said minor side surfaces, and from said bottom substantially to said open top; incrementally heating said mould and the pellets contained therein to a temperature of at least 100°C above the flow point of the material to be poured in the mould; pouring molten material into said mould to fill the same; allowing said molten material to solidify; and removing said composite armor plate from said mould.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a composite armor plate, comprising providing a mould having a bottom, two major surfaces, two minor surfaces and an open top, wherein the distance between said two major surfaces is from about 1.2 to 1.8 times the major axis of said pellets; inserting said pellets into said mould to form a plurality of superposed rows of pellets extending substantially along the entire distance between said minor side surfaces, and from said bottom substantially to said open top; pouring liquid epoxy resin into said mould to fill the same; allowing said epoxy to solidify; and removing said composite armor plate from said mould.
- said pellets do not necessarily have to be completely covered on both sides by said solidified material, and they can touch or even bulge from the outer surfaces of the formed panel.
- a panel 14 is formed from a solidified material 16, the panel having an internal layer of high-density ceramic pellets 18.
- the outer faces of the panel are formed from the solidified material 16, and pellets 18 are embedded therein.
- the nature of the solidified material 16 is selected in accordance with the weight, performance and cost considerations applicable to the intended use of the armor.
- Armor for land and sea vehicles is suitably made using a metal casting alloy containing at least 80% aluminum.
- a suitable alloy is Aluminum Association No. 535.0, which combines a high tensile strength of 35,000 kg/in 2 , with excellent ductility, having 9% elongation.
- Further suitable alloys are of the type containing 5% silicon B443.0. These alloys are easy to cast in thin sections; their poor machinability is of little concern in the application of the present invention.
- An epoxy or other plastic or polymeric material, advantageously fiber-reinforced, is also suitable.
- Pellets 18 have an alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) content of at least 93%, and have a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale. Regarding size, the majority of pellets have a major axis in the range of from about 3-12 mm, the preferred range being from 6-10 mm.
- Fig. 1 There are shown in Fig. 1, for illustrative purposes, a mixture of round-ended cylindrical pellets 18a, flat-ended cylindrical pellets 18b, and spherical pellets 18c. Considerations of symmetry, as well as tests carried out by the present inventor, indicate that the most effective pellet shape is spherical 18c. Ceramic pellets are used as grinding media in size-reduction mills of various types, typically in tumbling mills, and are thus commercially available at a reasonable cost.
- pellets 18 are bound by the solidified molten material 16 in a plurality of superimposed rows 20 as viewed in Fig. 1, it being understood that if the panel 14 is disposed horizontally the rows would be adjacent as viewed in Fig. 4. A majority of pellets 18 are each in contact with at least 4 adjacent pellets.
- the panel 14 acts to stop an incoming projectile 12 in one of three modes: centre contact, flank contact, and valley contact, as described above.
- a pellet 18d having a regular, geometric, prismatic form, with one convex curved surface segment 22.
- Fig. 3 shows a pellet 18e having a circular cross-section 24, taken at line AA.
- the pellet is of satellite form, and is commercially available.
- Fig. 4 illustrates a multi-layered, armor panel 26, having a configuration which is particularly suitable for armored clothing.
- similar identification numerals are used for identifying similar parts.
- An outer, impacting panel 28 of composite armor material is similar to panel 14 described above with reference to Fig. 1.
- Panel 28 acts to deform and shatter an impacting high velocity projectile 12.
- Light-weight armor for personal protection is made using a tough, yet hard, thermoplastic resin, for example, polycarbonate or acrylonite-butadiene-styrene.
- Inner panel layer 30 is adjacent to outer panel 28, and is advantageously attached thereto.
- Inner panel layer 30 has a thickness of at least 50% of that of outer impacting panel 28.
- Inner panel 30 is made of a tough woven material, such as multiple layers of Kevlar®, or a material known by its trade name of Famaston.
- inner layer panel 30 comprises multiple layers of a polyamide netting.
- inner panel 30 causes asymmetric deformation of the remaining fragments 32 of the projectile 12, and absorbs remaining kinetic energy from these fragments by deflecting and compressing them in the area 34 seen in Fig. 1. It is to be noted that area 34 is much larger than the projectile cross-section, thus reducing the pressure felt on the inner side 36 of inner panel 30. This factor is important in personally-worn armor.
- a casting mould 38 used for producing a composite armor material 10 as described above with reference to Fig. 1.
- the following elevated-temperature method of manufacture is used:
- Step A
- a mould 38 is provided, having a bottom 40, two major surfaces 42, two minor surfaces 44 and an open top 46, wherein the distance between these two major surfaces 42 is 1.2 to 1.8 times the major axis of the pellets 18. For example, 8 mm pellets are used and the distance between major surfaces is 10 mm.
- Step B
- Pellets 18 are inserted into mould 38 to form a plurality of superposed rows 20 of pellets 18, extending substantially along the entire distance between the minor side surfaces 44, and from the bottom 40 substantially to the open top 46.
- Step C
- Mould 38 and the pellets 18 contained therein are incrementally heated, first to a temperature of about 100°C, and then further heated to a temperature of at least 100°C above the flow point of the material to be poured in the mould.
- a temperature of about 100°C For example, aluminium has a flow point of about 540°C, and will require heating the mould, together with ceramic pellets contained therein, to above 640°C.
- Step D
- Molten material 16 is poured into mould 38 to fill the same.
- a typical pour temperature range for aluminium is 830-900°C.
- Polycarbonate is poured at between 250-350°C.
- the surfaces of mould 38 are provided with a plurality of air holes 48, to facilitate the escape of air while molten material 16 is poured therein.
- the pellets 18 are slightly rearranged in accordance with the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces exerted upon them by the molten material.
- Step E
- Molten material 16 is allowed to solidify.
- Step F
- Composite armor material 10 is removed from mould 38.
- the following embodiment of a method of manufacture includes the use of an epoxy resin to form a themoset matrix.
- an epoxy resin to form a themoset matrix.
- epoxies can be cast at room temperature and chemically hardened, or their hardening can be accelerated by the application of heat.
- Epoxy armor is suitable for use on aircraft. Yield strength and Young's modulus are both improved by adding fiber reinforcement.
- Step A
- Mould 38 is provided, having a bottom 40, two major surfaces 42, two minor surfaces 44 and an open top 46, wherein the distance between the two major surfaces 42 is from about 1.2 to 1.8 times the major axis of the pellets 18.
- Step B
- Pellets 18 are inserted into mould 38 to form a plurality of superposed rows 20 of pellets 18 extending substantially along the entire distance between the minor side surfaces 44, and from the bottom 40 substantially to the open top 46.
- Step C
- Liquid epoxy resin is poured into mould 38 to fill the same.
- Step D
- the epoxy is allowed to solidify.
- Step E
- the composite armor material is removed from mould 38.
- Table 1 is a reproduction of a test report relating to the aluminium matrix multi-layer panel described above with reference to Fig. 4. Three armor-piercing bullets were fired at close range from an AK-47 assault rifle at a multi-layered panel having a total weight of 34.3 kg/m 2 , a weight low enough for limited use as personally worn armor. The results reported prove the effectiveness of the panel manufactured according to the present invention.
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- is a perspective, fragmented view of a preferred embodiment of an armor panel according to the invention;
- Figs. 2 and 3
- are perspective views of further pellet embodiments;
- Fig. 4
- is a sectional view of a two-layer embodiment of the armor panel; and
- Fig. 5
- is a diagrammatic view of a mould used in the methods for manufacturing the panel.
Claims (17)
- A composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of superposed rows and each of a majority of said pellets is in contact with at least four adjacent pellets, characterised in that the pellets have an Al2 O3 content of at least 93% and a specific gravity of at least 2.5, the majority of the pellets each have a major axis of a length in the range of from 3 to 12 mm, the solidified material, and hence the plate, is elastic at a temperature below 250°C, and the weight of said plate does not exceed 45 kg/m2.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the majority of said pellets each has a major axis of a length in the range of from 6 to 10 mm.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pellets are of a regular geometric form, having at least one convex curved surface segment.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pellets have at least one circular cross-section.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pellets are of round-ended cylindrical shape, flat-ended cylindrical shape, or spherical shape.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ceramic pellets have a specific gravity of at least 3.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pellets have a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said solidified material contains at least 80% aluminium.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said solidified material is a thermoplastic resin.
- A composite armor plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said solidified material is an epoxy.
- A multi-layered armor panel comprising an outer, impact-receiving layer, consisting of a composite armor plate according to claim 1, for deforming and shattering an impacting high velocity, armor-piercing projectile, and an inner layer adjacent said outer layer comprising a tough woven textile material for causing an asymmetric deformation of the remaining fragments of said projectile and for absorbing the remaining kinetic energy from said fragments, said inner layer having a thickness of at least 50% of that of said outer, impact-receiving layer, and said panel being capable of stopping three bullets fired sequentially at a triangular area of said panel, the sides of said triangle being 5 cm each.
- A multi-layered armor panel according to claim 11, wherein said inner layer is made of Kevlar®.
- A multi-layered armor panel according to claim 11, wherein said inner layer comprises multiple layers of a polyamide netting.
- A method for producing a composite armor plate according to claim 1, comprising:providing a mould having a bottom, two major surfaces, two minor side surfaces and a open top, wherein the distance between said two major surfaces is from about 1.2 to 1.8 times the major axis of said pellets.inserting said pellets into said mould to form a plurality of superposed rows of pellets extending substantially along the entire distance between said minor side surfaces, and from said bottom substantially to said open top;incrementally heating said mould and the pellets contained therein to a temperature of at least 100°C above the flow point of the material to be poured in the mould;pouring said molten material into said mould to fill the same;allowing said molten material to solidify; andremoving said composite armor plate from said mould.
- A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said solidified molten material comprises a casting alloy containing at least 80% aluminium, and said mould is heated to a temperature of at least 850°C.
- A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said surfaces of said mould are provided with a plurality of air holes to facilitate the escape of air while said molten material is poured therein.
- A method for producing a composite armor plate according to claim 1, comprising:providing a mould having a bottom, two major surfaces, two minor surfaces and an open top, wherein the distance between said two major surfaces is from about 1.2 to 1.8 times the major axis of said pellets;inserting said pellets into said mould to form a plurality of superposed rows of pellets extending substantially along the entire distance between said minor side surfaces, and from said bottom substantially to said open top;pouring liquid epoxy resin into said mould to fill the same;allowing said epoxy to solidify; andremoving said composite armor plate from said mould.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES96308166T ES2124067T3 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | COMPOSITE ARMORING PANEL AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD. |
DE69600574T DE69600574T2 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | Composite armor plate and manufacturing method |
EP96308166A EP0843149B1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | Composite armor panel and manufacturing method therefor |
DK96308166T DK0843149T3 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | Composite armor plate and method for making such |
AT96308166T ATE170285T1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | COMPOSITE ARMOR PLATE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96308166A EP0843149B1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | Composite armor panel and manufacturing method therefor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0843149A1 EP0843149A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
EP0843149B1 true EP0843149B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
Family
ID=8225148
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96308166A Revoked EP0843149B1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | Composite armor panel and manufacturing method therefor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0843149B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE170285T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69600574T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0843149T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2124067T3 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1705453A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-27 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Composite armor plate for protecting cars and buildings against high kinetic energy rounds. |
WO2006103431A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | A ceramic armour element for use in armour |
EP2023072A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | ETEC Gesellschaft für technische Keramik mbH | Set of pellets for armor protection |
EP1080337B2 (en) † | 1998-05-19 | 2015-02-18 | Michael Cohen | Composite armor plate |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE336705T1 (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 2006-09-15 | Mofet Etzion | COMPOSITE ARMOR PLATE |
JP3628257B2 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2005-03-09 | モフェット エツィオン | Composite armor panel |
IL124085A (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2001-06-14 | Cohen Michael | Composite armor panel |
IL128441A0 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2001-01-28 | Israel State | Ballistic armor panel |
IL135936A (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2004-06-20 | Cohen Michael | Alumina ceramic products |
IL138897A0 (en) | 2000-10-05 | 2004-08-31 | Cohen Michael | Composite armor panel |
US7543523B2 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2009-06-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Antiballistic armor |
IL157584A (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2008-07-08 | Cohen Michael | Composite armor plate |
IL158237A (en) | 2003-10-02 | 2013-03-24 | Cohen Michael | Ceramic bodies for armor panel |
EP1737653A4 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2009-04-01 | Us Navy | Armor including a strain rate hardening elastomer |
US8281700B2 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2012-10-09 | Michael Cohen | Composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein |
US7383762B2 (en) | 2005-04-03 | 2008-06-10 | Michael Cohen | Ceramic pellets and composite armor panel containing the same |
ES2361376T3 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2011-06-16 | KRAUSS-MAFFEI WEGMANN GMBH & CO. KG | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITE SHIELDING PLATE. |
EP2071272A3 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2012-11-21 | Michael Cohen | Composite armor plate and method for using the same |
IL192894A0 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2011-08-01 | Moshe Ravid | Armor panel |
IL210327A0 (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-07-31 | Cohen Michael | High density ceramic bodies and composite armor comprising the same |
US8438963B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 | 2013-05-14 | Michael Cohen | High density ceramic bodies and composite armor comprising the same |
RU2539269C1 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2015-01-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение специальных материалов" | Volume-combined armour |
RU2542813C1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-02-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" | Volumetric combination armour |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3705558A (en) * | 1963-04-24 | 1972-12-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Armor |
DE1213305B (en) * | 1963-08-06 | 1966-03-24 | Feldmuehle Ag | Armor plate, especially for protection against tank shells and against shaped charges |
BE711388A (en) * | 1967-03-01 | 1968-08-28 | ||
US4061815A (en) * | 1967-10-26 | 1977-12-06 | The Upjohn Company | Novel compositions |
GB1352418A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1974-05-08 | Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod | Armour plate |
DE3228264A1 (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1985-12-05 | Harry 7311 Hochdorf Apprich | Bulletproof multi-layer material |
FR2559254A1 (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1985-08-09 | Picard | Armour resistant to piercing and process for producing it. |
DE3507216A1 (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1986-09-04 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Composite plate |
US5361678A (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1994-11-08 | Aluminum Company Of America | Coated ceramic bodies in composite armor |
FR2711782A1 (en) * | 1991-07-30 | 1995-05-05 | Creusot Loire | Armour element comprising a system of particles made of hard material, and method of making this armour element |
GB2272272B (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1996-07-24 | T & N Technology Ltd | Armour |
-
1996
- 1996-11-12 AT AT96308166T patent/ATE170285T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-12 DK DK96308166T patent/DK0843149T3/en active
- 1996-11-12 ES ES96308166T patent/ES2124067T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-12 DE DE69600574T patent/DE69600574T2/en not_active Revoked
- 1996-11-12 EP EP96308166A patent/EP0843149B1/en not_active Revoked
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1080337B2 (en) † | 1998-05-19 | 2015-02-18 | Michael Cohen | Composite armor plate |
EP1705453A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-27 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Composite armor plate for protecting cars and buildings against high kinetic energy rounds. |
DE102005013660A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy |
WO2006103431A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | A ceramic armour element for use in armour |
EP2023072A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | ETEC Gesellschaft für technische Keramik mbH | Set of pellets for armor protection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69600574T2 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
ES2124067T3 (en) | 1999-01-16 |
DE69600574D1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
EP0843149A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
ATE170285T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
DK0843149T3 (en) | 1999-05-25 |
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Legal Events
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