DE1213305B - Armor plate, especially for protection against tank shells and against shaped charges - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. CL:

F 07 j

German class: 72 g -3/01

Number: 1213 305

File number: F 404231 c / 72 g

Filing date: August 6, 1963

Opening day: March 24, 1966

The invention relates to an armor plate, in particular for protection against tank shells and against shaped charges. It can be used in military vehicles, systems and weapons.

It is known to vehicles, guns and military Systems to protect against direct bombardment and against splinters by armor plates, which from hard metals, especially high-quality steel types. A significant disadvantage of such Armouring is the high weight, which, especially with moving objects such as vehicles, Guns and ships whose maneuverability, speed and radius of action are greatly reduced. This Disadvantage that is not sufficiently offset by particularly powerful engines and the like leaves, in turn, requires very large stocks of fuel. It has therefore already been tried by special structural design, such as. B. Avoidance of vertical surfaces and corresponding Bevelling of the front and tower walls, to achieve that at least floors with If possible, bounce off a relatively stretched trajectory.

However, these constructive measures do not provide sufficient protection against newer armor-piercing devices Weapons, the effect of which is that they hit the armor plate without great impact speed and explosive explosives arranged in the shape of a funnel through this impact (the so-called hollow charge) is ignited, which is primarily considered strong due to the funnel-shaped or parabolic structure directed shock wave. the opening of the cargo. In doing so, the charge becomes inward shielding copper or brass jacket deformed into a plug or jet that moves at one speed is ejected from about 10,000 m / sec and due to this high speed and its high specific gravity steel of 20 cm thickness and more can penetrate. Here the jet opposing matter condenses without being thrown away.

Conventional armoring made of metal structures offers little protection against shaped charge fire, since the ductile materials used become plastic due to the very high pressure when the projectile hits, and can therefore be compressed very easily. The energy of the projectile can therefore not be reduced or destroyed to the desired extent with conventional armor made of metal. In the case of conventional armor made of metal, it has not been possible for the shaped charge jet to do the work of destruction or deformation to the same extent as armor plate, in particular for protection against
Tank shells and against shaped charges

Applicant:

Feldmühle Aktiengesellschaft,
Düsseldorf-Oberkassel, Burggrafenstr. 7th

Named as inventor:

Dipl.-Kfm. Dr. Waldemar Peters,
Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Karl Elbel, Wesseling;
Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Emil Klingler, Plochingen

let that the deadly gas jet z. B. not reached the crew of an armored car.

The object of the invention is now to provide increased protection, in particular against those mentioned above newer armor-piercing weapons. Here, the protective effect should be achieved without the The mobility, speed and the range of action of armored vehicles are significantly impaired. Part of the task here is - also with regard to a state of the art explained below Technology - to find a filler element other than steel and other than just plastic that is capable of the jet moving with great energy in a certain direction under favorable conditions, especially while saving weight, braking and stopping.

It has now been found that armor plates, consisting of several different hard materials, which differ in terms of their resistance to the destructive effects of the ordnance, in the form of a large number of interfaces between very hard and less hard materials, grant particularly effective protection, especially against shaped charges, if they are according to the invention as very hard materials contain non-ductile, preferably sintered materials together with at least a less hard material, preferably a hard, impact-resistant synthetic resin, which the

609 539/69

3 4

Fills spaces without gaps, and as possible a composition and / or different size

large proportion of the interfaces inside the use.

Armor plates deviating from 0 and 90 °. As hard materials within the meaning of the invention, basic

Has angle with respect to the outer boundary surfaces. In addition, such non-ductile substances are also suitable

A particularly useful embodiment is not plastic at high pressures and temperatures

in that the armor plates are hardened bodies in shape and have a significantly higher melting or

of randomly arranged, densely packed balls have a softening temperature than steel. As a special

and / or contains polyhedra. these are particularly hard minerals

There are already armor plates made of several such as quartz, hard porcelain, steatite and in particular

different hard materials become known »at io dimensions sintered bodies made of corundum or high-melting points

which also include non-metallic materials - here it is oxides, nitrides and carbides such as magnesium oxide,

think of plastic - are used; however silicon carbide etc. The particularly good suitability

It is essentially a matter of metal-sintered materials for the materials according to the invention

Constructions, which, as in detail at the beginning of armor plates, can be explained by the fact that these

explained, can be more or less easily deformed, 15 sintered bodies are inherently inhomogeneous again and

whereby the jet penetrates while displacing matter. due to its microcrystalline structure a

The same applies to armoring made of metal plates, a large number of interfaces in the most varied of directions

or scales of various kinds, namely from the outside and arrangement, all of which contain the impact force of the

inwardly increasing hardness, which weaken with a jet.

elastomer glue are glued. As a material component, 20 As softer materials, which are primarily used to fix the

components will be used for light metals and alloyed steels for hard materials, synthetic resins will be advantageous

used together with elastomeric adhesives. The use. Such embedding is necessary

like armor are a modification better known, because otherwise the hard material body or hard material layers

Protective plates developed against infantry fire, blown apart by the force of the jet

in which thin metal sheets are in honeycomb form with 25 and then their function is insufficient

a resilient material, e.g. B. rubber or dimensions can meet.

castable and optionally foamable elastomeric synthetic resins that are particularly well-adhering are suitable

Materials. Casting resins that can be hardened and-after

In all of the aforementioned known armor plates curing are hard and impact-resistant, but without such metallic components are present that 30 to be brittle. Pheüoldie come in particular for this The material opposing the jet is considered among the resins, which are also preferred through When the projectile hits the prevailing conditions, mineral components such as feldspar, glass silk are plastically deformable. The surprising connective tissue or by natural as well as synthetic Strengthening the protection are reinforced by the fibers according to the invention. Especially good results Armor plates, on the other hand, presumably consists in the fact that 35 are obtained with epoxy resins, which are versatile The jet has to do a lot of work if he is to modify the and thus the respective purpose and Constant transitions between hard and less can be adapted to the respective hard material body uüd overcomes hard layers and it has excellent adhesive strength due to its constant adhesion to these substances changing angles, which are the individual hard material bodies.

in each case to its direction of thrust, always in addition. 4 ° The synthetic resin used is advantageously deflected again from one direction. In addition, flame-retardant substances have been added, as has also shown that, presumably as a result of the um-antimony oxide or organic chlorine and bromine control, the progresses at high speed. links. Another expedient measure is to prevent the plastics from igniting - moving jets of these still partially split open. This increased amount of work has resulted in the use of plastics from the outset, resulting in a significant loss of energy, so that the jet that already contains so much chlorine or bromine chemically gets stuck much earlier than that which has hitherto been the norm that it is non-flammable are. Furthermore, steel armor plates, based on the mass, the case such known synthetic resins are suitable, which was through. built-in SO ₂ groups, phosphorus compounds, etc.

The purpose of the invention will be flame retardant especially well at 5 °.

achieved the training mentioned, according to which it is also advantageous if the synthetic resins

As large a proportion as possible of the interfaces between substances are added, which are against high-energy radiation

very hard and less hard substances of 0 or impermeable like gamma rays and neutrons

.90 ° different angles with respect to the outer, so that the new components still one Boundary surfaces and the hard materials in J? Ozm 55 additional protection, for example against radioactivity,

of spheres and / or polyhedra are present. - ~ give. Because by such admixtures, for example

Within the scope of the invention it was also found, lead powder or lead compounds, the weight again that the mean diameter of the hard material body is larger, these measures come primarily advantageously 0.5 to 5 times the diameter for stationary systems and such vehicles in Has bullet holes, as is usually the case with steel · - 60 where the requirement of security plates after being bombarded with a shaped charge is greater than that of speed, maneuverability and come. Since the bullet holes have the usual range, for example for command tanks. Shaped charge weapons generally more than 10 mm. It is particularly useful to keep the armor diameter have, the hard material body should target plate according to the invention against neutron radiation moderately to make a mean diameter of about 5 to 65 largely impermeable in that 50 mm, preferably from about 10 to 30 mm. Also used as hard material bodies are those Another useful embodiment of the armor, which consists of sintered boron carbide. Through the development consists in hard material bodies using various sintered boron carbide

5 6

Weight of the armor plate compared to an armor plate, despite the heat of the engine outside almost the same with the use of sintered corundum has produced the temperature of its surroundings and is therefore through infrared, considerably reduced and at the same time not or only difficultly attacked due to the sights of modern armor-piercing weapons at night-high melting points and the great severity of drives and attacks: Boron carbide resistance to penetration of a 5 can be cut.

Reinforced bullet. Another material that for structural reasons is the armor plate

compared to radioactive radiation a high reduction according to the invention, in particular for vehicle construction

Has sorption effect cross-section, this is expediently formed as an outer and inner boundary surface

Cadmium. received a standard steel plate, so that a kind

A favorable configuration of the armor plate according to the sandwich structure results. These boundary surfaces The invention consists in the use of a give the overall structure the special support and Mixture of hard material bodies of different additions take over, for example, in a tank composition, different shape and different functions for the tower, the weapons and that their size. By making a suitable selection, you can protect yourself against the bombardment by undercarriage while the properties of the armor plate largely 15 light firearms and against splinters. This Stahl- / Ariiert will. So z. B. the density of the hard material outer skin makes only a broken body arrangement in terms of its thickness can be greatly enlarged if part of the previously usual overall strength. Through the It is hard material bodies of various sizes to achieve better protection with the invention Find a turn. unnecessary, also for the inner boundary surface steel

An important advantage of using armor plates after the 20th. This is advantageous through light

Invention lies in the fact that this is a substantially lower metal or one of the newer non-metallic

have lower weight compared to in particular layered materials replaced, so that again weight

conventional armor plates made of high-alloy steel is saved.

with the same resistance to bombardment, so that if the internal and external boundary

the same protective effect as that with the armor 25 wall made of lightweight building materials,

according to the invention provided vehicle a wise the outer boundary wall finely ground

Much larger radius of action and a higher hard material added, such as corundum, which by a

Has speed and maneuverability. If one uses epoxy resin it is bound. This preserves the outer

Armor plates according to the invention, the same weight boundary wall an increased resistance, the one

as the known steel armored points have, 30 adequate protection against light bombardment

one achieves a significantly safer and better guaranteed.

Protection. The last mentioned advantage is above all the armor plates according to the invention also come

Also for stationary systems such as command posts it is of considerable importance to strengthen protection

of considerable importance. · From armored in the conventional manner

For the mathematical recording of the 35 systems and vehicles shown against armor-piercing

The simple formula arrows too. So these armor plates can for example additional in particularly endangered areas

Sve · D $ _e applied externally or with only lightly armored

- * - r - fr vehicles are attached to the inside and

,. ^x ' ^x 4 <J thus provide additional protection, in particular

^being against adhesive shaped charges.

S ¹ Ee the firing channel depth of a specific load

in steel, forms only described as an example.

S _{x is} the depth of the firing channel with the same charge in the ._ τ »'· · 1 1

Material to be compared, ^ö ΰ e 1 s ρ 1 e 1 1

ΖΊ-e the density ^ specific gravity) of steel, A plate was produced which in shot- D _x the density of the material to be compared, attention of layers of 6 mm steel, 5 mm an optionally the average density, mixture of corundum - phenolic resins and fiberglass, if the materials are heterogeneous, ⁵ ° |? ^Web f ' ^3Oul for a mixture of feldspar and

for example sandwich constructions, S! ^eno £ ^arz ' ⁵ ^ ₁ ⁰ ^ ^Mlsc ^ ^un SY ⁰ * ^Ko ^'

Phenolic resin and fiberglass fabric and 6 mm steel

/ represents the factor that indicates by how much one exists. It was a normal corundum with a

Material is better or worse than steel. Grain of 0.8 mm used. This armor plate

55 with an average density D. = 3.4 and

With the values of /> 1 there are materials, a total thickness of 52 mm was made from a hollow

the previously common steel armor plates are superior. charge, a so-called »perforator«, does not

As the examples given later show, it is hitting while the same charge is 25 mm of steel

possible with the object according to the invention, which punctures smoothly.

Protective effect of the armor plates customary up to now 6o According to the above formula results for

to increase by 100%. / the value 1.15 based on the values:

Compared to steel, the armor plates have according to

of the invention over the advantages already mentioned S $ _e = 25 mm, Dpe = 7.86,
also have the advantage that they are non-magnetic and

thus an attachment of magnetic adhesive charges, 65 S _x - 50 mm, D _x = 3.4,
for example in the case of seagoing vessels.

In addition, the thermal conductivity is essentially ^Ve '^ ^e - f = 1.15.

less, so that, for example, an armored vehicle S _x · D _x

Example 2

A panel was made that was in the weft direction consisted of the following layers:

10.0 mm steel

4.5 mm silicon carbide-phenolic resin 3.5 mm steel

4.5 mm silicon carbide phenolic resin 3.5 mm steel

4.5 mm silicon carbide phenolic resin 3.5 mm steel

4.5 mm silicon carbide phenolic resin 3.5 mm steel

4.5 mm silicon carbide phenolic resin 10.0 mm steel

4.5 mm silicon carbide phenolic resin 3.5 mm steel

4.5 mm silicon carbide phenolic resin 3.5 mm steel

4.5 mm. Silicon carbide — phenolic resin 3.5 mm steel

The silicon carbide was used in a grain size of about 0.7 mm. Before the last layer of steel the jet got stuck. The values on this sample were

S ¹ Fe = 55 mm, DFe = 7.86, Sx = 77 mm, D * = 5.62,

= / = 1.00.

c) ball diameter 12 mm;
- Resin: as under b)

5 "Fe ⁼⁼ 60 mm,

= 3.14,

r

IO

d) ball diameter 12 mm;

Resin: a modified, impact-resistant, hard, heat-resistant epoxy resin

S ¹ Fe = 60 mm, D _Fe = 7.86,

S _x = 86 mm, D _x = 3.14,

S-Ee ' ⁿ

S _x -D _x

= / = 1.75.

35

S _x -D _x

Example 3

40

Steel pipe sections of 100 mm in length were placed on one side welded to a 5 mm thick sheet steel, then 'with balls made of -sintered, finely ground Corundum filled and poured with a casting resin. Then the pipes were sealed with a 7 mm thick steel plate and shot at. The following results were found:

a) ball diameter 6 to 7 mm; Resin: a modified, softened epoxy resin

Example4

Steel pipes with an outside diameter of 170 mm and a height of 170 mm were passed through Welded with a 30 mm thick steel base. The resulting pots were now with Sintered corundum balls and resin filled. A 20 mm thick steel cover was then welded on.

Shaped charges containing 56 g of explosives were used for bombardment. The charges were for Increasing the penetration effect (focusing) electrically at a distance of about 100 mm from the object ignited. There was no breakthrough in any case. . Because the blocks are because of the hardness of the filling have not been ripped open or cut by X-rays were taken of the bombarded blocks. The bullet channel was used to achieve a Contrasts filled with lead powder.

a) ball diameter 22 to 23 mm;

Resin: a modified, particularly impact-resistant, medium-hard, up to 130 ⁰ C resistant epoxy resin with the highest adhesive strength.

- 132 mm (tool steel), Z> Fe = 7.86,

S _x = 146 mm,

D, = 3.9,

= / = 1.81;

: = 60 mm,

, = 107 mm,

D _Fe = 7.86, D * = 3.14,

55 S _x D _x

b) ball diameter 11 to 12mm;
Resin: as in example 4a)

S ¹ Fe = 132 mm, DFe = 7.86,
S _x = 161 mm, D _x = 3.9,

= / = 1.64;

Sx-D _x

= / = 1.41; "

b) ball diameter 4 to 7 mm; Resin: a modified, medium-hard and impact-resistant Epoxy resin

Sf ₈ = 60 mm, Df _b = 7.86,

Sx = 96 mm, D _x - 3.14,

SEe-P-

6o

S _x -D _x

= / = 1.57;

S _x D _x

c) Ball diameter:

about 6 cm layer of 22 to 23 mm balls,
about 6 cm layer of 11 to 12 mm balls,
about 6 cm layer of 22 to 23 mm spheres;
Resin: as in example 4a)

Sfb = 132 mm, Des = 7.86,
S _x = 130 mm, D _x = 3.9,

S ¹ Fe ' P

S _x -D _x

= / = 2.03.

Insofar as details are explained above that do not affect the features of the claims, they belong not for invention.

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Armor plate, in particular for protection against tank shells and against shaped charges, consisting made of several different hard materials, which differ in terms of their resistance to Distinguish the destructive effects of the ordnance in the form of a large number of interfaces between very hard and less hard materials, characterized in that as very hard materials, it contains non-ductile, preferably sintered materials together with at least a less hard material, preferably a hard, impact-resistant synthetic resin, which the Fills gaps without gaps, and that as large a proportion of the interfaces as possible in the Inside of the armor plate an angle deviating from 0 and 90 ° compared to the outer one Has boundary surfaces. 2. armor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that it is hard material body in the form of randomly arranged, densely packed spheres and / or polyhedra. 3. armor plate according to claim 2, characterized in that the mean diameter of the Hard material body is about 5 to 50 mm. 4. armor plate according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that it has different hard material bodies Contains composition and / or different sizes. 5. armor plate according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the hard material body at least partly consist of such a material that has a high absorption cross-section to radioactive radiation. 6. armor plate according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that it is a flame-retardant Contains synthetic resin. 7. armor plate according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains a synthetic resin, the additional flame retardant and / or against radioactive and other high-energy rays impermeable substances are mixed in. 8. armor plate according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that it is additional, preferably has parallel boundary walls, so that there is a component with a sandwich structure. 9. armor plate according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that it is non-magnetic. 10. armor plate according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the outer boundary wall made of steel, the inner part of a lightweight material. 11. armor plate according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the boundary walls consist of lightweight construction materials and ground hard materials are added to the outer boundary wall are. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 101437, 133 513, 993, 1042 430, 1051691, 1120 939, 1135 342, 841;
Belgian patent specification No. 550 204. 609 539/69 3.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin