DE102005013660A1 - Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy - Google Patents
Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005013660A1 DE102005013660A1 DE102005013660A DE102005013660A DE102005013660A1 DE 102005013660 A1 DE102005013660 A1 DE 102005013660A1 DE 102005013660 A DE102005013660 A DE 102005013660A DE 102005013660 A DE102005013660 A DE 102005013660A DE 102005013660 A1 DE102005013660 A1 DE 102005013660A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- composite armor
- armor plate
- plate according
- hardness elements
- hardness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/023—Armour plate, or auxiliary armour plate mounted at a distance of the main armour plate, having cavities at its outer impact surface, or holes, for deflecting the projectile
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundpanzerplatte zum Schutz von Fahrzeugen oder Gebäuden vor panzerbrechenden Geschossen mit hoher kinetischer Energie mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a composite armor plate for the protection of vehicles or buildings before armor piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy with the Features of the preamble of claim 1.
Verbundpanzerplatten, welche mindestens eine Lage aus hochharten Elementen enthalten, sind an sich bekannt.Composite armor plates which contain at least one layer of high-hardness elements, are known per se.
So ist beispielsweise in DE-A-1578324 eine Verbundpanzerplatte beschrieben, bei der in einer Grundmasse energieverbrauchende Teile eingebettet sind, die als keramische Elemente ausgebildet sind und als Kugeln oder Zylinder ausgebildet sein können.So For example, in DE-A-1578324 a composite armor plate is described, embedded in the energy-consuming parts in a matrix are formed as ceramic elements and as balls or cylinders can be formed.
In
In
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Verbundpanzerplatte mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 so auszugestalten, dass ein extrem leichter Schutzaufbau gegen moderne Munitionen realisiert wird, der in der Lage ist, auch bei sehr engen Trefferlagen noch eine hervorragende ballistische Sicherheit zu gewährleisten.Of the Invention is based on the object, a composite armor plate with to design the features of the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that realizes an extremely light protective structure against modern ammunition which is able to, even with very close hit situations still to ensure excellent ballistic safety.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe geschieht erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen aus dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.The solution This object is achieved according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are in the dependent claims described.
Ausgehend von dem bekannten Aufbau von Verbundpanzerplatten mit hochharten Elementen, liegt der Erfindung die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass es wichtig ist, beim Auftreffen eines Geschosses einen günstigen Auftreffwinkel zu realisieren, da dies besonders bei den hochharten Kernen moderner Munitionen zu einem vorgezogenen Bruch des Geschosskerns führt. Damit wird die Schutzwirkung bei minimalem Flächengewicht optimiert. Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, die der Beschussrichtung zugewandten Oberflächen der hochharten Elemente mit einer kegel- oder pyramidenförmig ausgebildeten Stirnfläche zu versehen. Nach vorne können die Kegel- bzw. Pyramidenflächen beispielsweise offen oder durch eine Vergussmasse und eine Deckschicht abgeschlossen sein. Die Rückseite der Verbundplatte kann aus einer festen Schicht bestehen, die schockabsorbierende Eigenschaften hat und für bestimmte Anwendungen auch eine möglichst hohe Zugfestigkeit aufweisen kann. Die Verbundpanzerplatte kann selbsttragend in einer Rahmenkonstruktion montiert sein oder auf ein Gehäuse aus Panzerstahl aufgebracht werden.outgoing from the known construction of composite armor plates with high hardness Elements, the invention is based on the knowledge that it is important is to realize a favorable impact angle when hitting a projectile, especially in the case of the high-hardness cores of modern ammunition leads to a premature breakage of the bullet core. This is the protective effect at a minimum basis weight optimized. The basic idea of the invention is that of Blasting direction facing surfaces of the high-hardness elements with a conical or pyramidal shape trained face to provide. Forward can the Cone or pyramid surfaces for example, open or by a potting compound and a cover layer to be finished. The backside The composite panel may consist of a solid layer that absorbs shock Has properties and for certain Applications also one possible high tensile strength can have. The composite armor plate can be self-supporting mounted in a frame construction or on a housing be applied from armored steel.
Die hochharten Elemente können aus keramischen Werkstoffen, also beispielsweise aus einer Aluminiumoxyd-Keramik bestehen, wobei sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen hat, wenn der Al2O3-Gehalt 96–99,9 % beträgt. Die hochharten Elemente können aber auch aus Borkarbid, Siliziumkarbid oder Titantriborat oder auch aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, wie beispielsweise gehärtetem Stahl bestehen.The high-hardness elements may consist of ceramic materials, that is, for example, of an aluminum oxide ceramic, wherein it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the Al 2 O 3 content is 96-99.9%. The high-hardness elements may also consist of boron carbide, silicon carbide or titanium triborate or else of a metallic material such as hardened steel.
Bei besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen der Verbundpanzerplatte können die hochharten Elemente so ausgebildet und angeordnet sein, dass sie in einer Ebene parallel zur Plattenmittelebene einen dreieckigen, viereckigen, fünfeckigen, sechseckigen oder allgemein vieleckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, sie können aber auch einen runden oder ovalen Querschnitt aufweisen. Als besonders vorteilhaft haben sich hochharte Elemente erwiesen, die einen zylinderförmigen Grundkörper besitzen.at particularly advantageous embodiments the composite armor plate can the high-hardness elements are designed and arranged so that they are in a plane parallel to the plate center plane a triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal or polygonal cross section, but they can also have a round or oval cross-section. As special Advantageously, high-hardness elements have proven to have a cylindrical base body.
An der von der Beschussrichtung abgewandten Seite können die hochharten Elemente eine ebene Oberfläche aufweisen, sie können aber auch an dieser Seite eine nach außen oder innen ragende kegelförmige oder pyramidenförmige Oberfläche besitzen oder konkav nach innen gekrümmt ausgebildet sein.At the side facing away from the direction of bombardment, the high-hardness elements a flat surface have, they can but also on this side an outwardly or inwardly projecting conical or pyramidal surface may be formed or concave inwardly curved.
Es hat sich weiterhin als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Mehrzahl der hochharten Elemente eine Gesamthöhe in Richtung normal zur Plattenmittelebene besitzt, die im Bereich von 13–80 mm liegt.It has continued to prove advantageous when the majority of high-hardness elements an overall height in the direction normal to the plate middle plane has, in the area from 13-80 mm is located.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn bei der Mehrzahl der hochharten Elemente der hylindrische Grundkörper mindestens eine kegelförmige Stirnfläche besitzt, bei der das Verhältnis der Kegelhöhe zum maximalen Durchmesser im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,7 liegt. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn bei der Mehrzahl der hochharten Elemente der zylindrische Grundkörper mit einem Verhältnis zwischen Zylinderhöhe und maximalem Durchmesser von 0,4 bis 2,5 ausgebildet ist.Farther it is advantageous if in the majority of the high-hardness elements the cylindrical basic body at least one cone-shaped face owns at the ratio the cone height to maximum diameter is in the range of 0.1 to 0.7. Farther it is advantageous if in the majority of the high-hardness elements the cylindrical body with a relationship between cylinder height and a maximum diameter of 0.4 to 2.5 is formed.
Weiterhin können bei einer Mehrzahl der hochharten Elemente die Spitzen der kegelförmigen oder pyramidenförmigen Stirnflächen abgerundet sein, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen dem Krümmungsradius der abgerundeten Spitzen und dem Durchmesser des größten Querschnitts in einer Ebene parallel zur Plattenmittelebene kleiner als 0,25 ist.Furthermore, in a majority of the high-hardness elements, the tips of the conical or pyramid-shaped end faces can be rounded off wherein the ratio between the radius of curvature of the rounded tips and the diameter of the largest cross section in a plane parallel to the plate center plane is less than 0.25.
Der Raum zwischen den Kegeln oder Pyramiden an der Stirnfläche der hochharten Elemente kann mit einer Vergussmasse ausgefüllt sein, die mit einer oder mehreren durchgehenden äußeren Abschlusschichten verbunden ist. Es kann aber auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn der Raum zwischen den hochharten Elementen nur bis zur Basis der Kegel oder Pyramiden an den der Beschussrichtung zugewandten Stirnflächen mit einer Vergussmasse ausgebildet ist, derart, dass die Kegel oder Pyramiden nach außen offen liegen.Of the Space between the cones or pyramids on the face of the high-hardness elements can be filled with a potting compound, connected to one or more continuous outer termination layers is. It can also be beneficial if the space is between the high-hardness elements only up to the base of the cones or pyramids at the direction of the bombardment facing end faces with a potting compound is formed, such that the cones or pyramids open to the outside lie.
Als Vergussmasse können Elastomere oder Kunststoffe, z.B. Polyurethan, Epoxitharze, Polyester, Kautschuk etc. verwendet werden.When Potting compound can Elastomers or plastics, e.g. Polyurethane, epoxy resins, polyester, Rubber etc. can be used.
Im folgenden werden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele für eine Verbundpanzerplatte nach der Erfindung näher erläutert.in the The following will be with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments for one Composite armor plate explained in more detail according to the invention.
In den Zeichnungen zeigen:In show the drawings:
Das
in
Bei
dem in
In
Bei
allen Ausführungsformen
der hochharten Elemente kann jeweils die Spitze des Kegels oder der
Pyramide abgerundet ausgebildet sein. Eine derartige Ausführungsform
ist beispielsweise in
Die
Die
Verbundpanzerplatte, deren Plattenmittelebene mit PM bezeichnet
ist, besitzt an der der Beschussrichtung zugewandten Seite, die
in
Die
Grundplatte
Der
Raum
Claims (25)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005013660A DE102005013660A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy |
ES06005843T ES2335910T3 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-22 | COMPOSITE SHIELDING PLATE FOR THE PRIOTECTION OF VEHICLES OR BUILDINGS AGAINST PROJECTS OF PERFORATION OF THE BLINDAJE WITH HIGH KINETIC ENERGY. |
DE502006005435T DE502006005435D1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-22 | Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy |
DK06005843.5T DK1705453T3 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-22 | Composite armor plate to protect vehicles or buildings against high kinetic armor-piercing shots |
AT06005843T ATE449949T1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-22 | COMPOSITE ARMOR PLATE FOR PROTECTING VEHICLES OR BUILDINGS FROM ARMOR-PIERCING BULLETS WITH HIGH KINETIC ENERGY |
EP06005843A EP1705453B1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-22 | Composite armor plate for protecting cars and buildings against high kinetic energy rounds. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005013660A DE102005013660A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102005013660A1 true DE102005013660A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
Family
ID=36589054
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005013660A Ceased DE102005013660A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy |
DE502006005435T Active DE502006005435D1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-22 | Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE502006005435T Active DE502006005435D1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-22 | Composite armor plate for protecting vehicles or buildings from armor-piercing projectiles with high kinetic energy |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1705453B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE449949T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005013660A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1705453T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2335910T3 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1980813A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-15 | Plasan Sasa Ltd | A semi-fabricated armor layer, an armor layer produced therefrom and method of production thereof |
DE102007024691A1 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-27 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, dieses vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung | Fluid armored structure for increasing ballistic protection of light armored vehicles has a hollow space when fitted to be filled with a liquid |
EP2256453A2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-01 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH | Mine-safe mounting means for components |
EP2264395A2 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-22 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH | Device for energy absorption and use of the device as a mine protection device or an impact absorber for a motor vehicle |
EP2330377A2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-08 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Protection module with bulk material |
EP2363682A2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-07 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Method for repairing a compound armour element and repair set for performing the repairs |
EP2363683A2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-07 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Compound armour element, in particular compound armour plate for protection against projectiles |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL169230A (en) | 2005-06-16 | 2012-03-29 | Plasan Sasa Agricultural Cooperative Soc Ltd | Ballistic armor |
EP2023072A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | ETEC Gesellschaft für technische Keramik mbH | Set of pellets for armor protection |
IL190360A0 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-22 | Moshe Ravid | Ballistic armor |
CN104329991A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-02-04 | 成都索伊新材料有限公司 | Light composite sandwich bullet-resisting structure containing rectangular pyramid dot matrix structure |
US10286623B2 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2019-05-14 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Composite materials with tapered reinforcements |
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EP0843149B1 (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-08-26 | Mofet Etzion | Composite armor panel and manufacturing method therefor |
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EP1522817A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-13 | Michael Cohen | A composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein |
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US3563836A (en) * | 1968-05-23 | 1971-02-16 | Bell Aerospace Corp | Projectile armor fabrication |
DE3940624A1 (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1991-06-13 | Sst Sicherheits Und Systemtech | Protective ceramic tiles for ballistic missile - are held in place by cover strips arranged to form latticework |
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-
2005
- 2005-03-24 DE DE102005013660A patent/DE102005013660A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-03-22 ES ES06005843T patent/ES2335910T3/en active Active
- 2006-03-22 DE DE502006005435T patent/DE502006005435D1/en active Active
- 2006-03-22 AT AT06005843T patent/ATE449949T1/en active
- 2006-03-22 EP EP06005843A patent/EP1705453B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-22 DK DK06005843.5T patent/DK1705453T3/en active
Patent Citations (13)
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US3523057A (en) * | 1965-10-24 | 1970-08-04 | Schjeldahl Co G T | Ball and plastic armour plate |
FR2519133A1 (en) * | 1981-12-29 | 1983-07-01 | Graner Joseph | Penetration resistant armour plate - has front plate with shaped and spaced cones to deflect projectiles |
FR2559254A1 (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1985-08-09 | Picard | Armour resistant to piercing and process for producing it. |
DE3507216A1 (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1986-09-04 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Composite plate |
DE69726125T2 (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 2004-07-08 | Auburn University, Auburn | BALLISTIC MULTILAYER MATERIAL |
EP0929788B1 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 2000-12-13 | Michael Cohen | Ceramic bodies for use in composite armor |
EP0843149B1 (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-08-26 | Mofet Etzion | Composite armor panel and manufacturing method therefor |
DE69907910T2 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2004-01-15 | Armortec Inc | FLEXIBLE, IMPACT RESISTANT MATERIAL |
US6609452B1 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2003-08-26 | M Cubed Technologies, Inc. | Silicon carbide armor bodies, and methods for making same |
US6862970B2 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2005-03-08 | M Cubed Technologies, Inc. | Boron carbide composite bodies, and methods for making same |
WO2003077631A2 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-25 | General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc. | Structural composite armor and method of manufacturing it |
EP1521051A1 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-06 | Michael Cohen | Ceramic bodies for armor panel |
EP1522817A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-13 | Michael Cohen | A composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1980813A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-15 | Plasan Sasa Ltd | A semi-fabricated armor layer, an armor layer produced therefrom and method of production thereof |
DE102007024691A1 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-27 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, dieses vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung | Fluid armored structure for increasing ballistic protection of light armored vehicles has a hollow space when fitted to be filled with a liquid |
EP2256453A2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-01 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH | Mine-safe mounting means for components |
DE102009023225A1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-09 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Mine-proof component storage |
DE102009029814B4 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2012-01-05 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Device for energy absorption and use of the device as a mine protection device or crash cushion for a motor vehicle |
DE102009029814A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2011-01-13 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Device for energy absorption and use of the device as a mine protection device or crash cushion for a motor vehicle |
EP2264395A2 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-22 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH | Device for energy absorption and use of the device as a mine protection device or an impact absorber for a motor vehicle |
DE102009029814C5 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2017-01-26 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Device for energy absorption and use of the device as a mine protection device or crash cushion for a motor vehicle |
EP2330377A2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-08 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Protection module with bulk material |
DE102009057052A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-16 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bulk material and protective module containing such material for protection against military threats |
DE102009057052B4 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2012-05-03 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bulk material and protective module containing such material for protection against military threats |
EP2363682A2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-07 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Method for repairing a compound armour element and repair set for performing the repairs |
EP2363683A2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-07 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Compound armour element, in particular compound armour plate for protection against projectiles |
DE102010000649A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-08 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for repairing a composite armor element and repair set for carrying out the repair |
DE102010000648A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-08 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Composite armor element, in particular composite armor plate, for protection from projectiles |
EP2363683B1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2017-12-27 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Compound armour element, in particular compound armour plate for protection against projectiles |
EP2363682B1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2019-09-04 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG | Method for repairing a compound armour element and repair set for performing the repairs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2335910T3 (en) | 2010-04-06 |
DE502006005435D1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
DK1705453T3 (en) | 2010-03-29 |
EP1705453B1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
ATE449949T1 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
EP1705453A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
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