EP0841715A2 - Flat antenna - Google Patents

Flat antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0841715A2
EP0841715A2 EP97118934A EP97118934A EP0841715A2 EP 0841715 A2 EP0841715 A2 EP 0841715A2 EP 97118934 A EP97118934 A EP 97118934A EP 97118934 A EP97118934 A EP 97118934A EP 0841715 A2 EP0841715 A2 EP 0841715A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
partial
short
antenna
area
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97118934A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0841715A3 (en
EP0841715B1 (en
Inventor
Mehran Aminzadeh
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Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0841715A2 publication Critical patent/EP0841715A2/en
Publication of EP0841715A3 publication Critical patent/EP0841715A3/en
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Publication of EP0841715B1 publication Critical patent/EP0841715B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3291—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted in or on other locations inside the vehicle or vehicle body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to flat antennas for terrestrially radiated Signals and for radio connections with frequencies in the GHz range, especially for mobile radio in the 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz bands, with the generic features specified in the preamble of the main claim.
  • the invention is based on an operating principle that i.a. in the German patent application No. 195 04 577 based on typical solutions of the prior art was characterized: Two plane-parallel surface elements made of electrical conductive material caused by a side short circuit are connected and one of which (the "ground reference surface") to the outer conductor and the other (the "surface segment" with the function-defining contours and dimensions) on the inner conductor a feeding coaxial cable is connected to form Operation quasi a cavity resonator. On the open side areas in the event of a resonance, a field builds up that becomes a radial radiation in usable orders of magnitude.
  • the ground reference area is sufficiently larger than the area segment connected to the inner conductor, or if it is positioned directly over a larger conductive area, a radiation characteristic similar to that of a monopole is obtained.
  • the essentially function-determining dimension of the surface segment connected to the inner conductor, the distance from the side with the short-circuit connection to the opposite surface edge, is usually based on the dimension of a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the middle operating frequency range.
  • the antenna principle described here has one disadvantage: It requires approximately symmetrical relationships in the assignment of the two flat components, i.e. as centric as possible Arrangement of the surface segment above the ground reference surface. Leading problems with the positioning of such antennas e.g. on Vehicle bodies for which they are due to the flat design are predestined in themselves. If the flat antenna is not as additional external and add-on part - e.g. on the metallic roof or a hood - is "tolerated", then offers itself best still the installation inside the vehicle below the front or the rear window. For this, the disc should be inclined as flat as possible be.
  • An arrangement e.g.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of measures for Influencing the operating parameters of flat antennas in the Developing the generic term of the main claim specified genus, so that the antennas better match the specifics of different Installation positions can be adjusted and the flexibility in the application of the principle is expanded.
  • the invention succeeds in influencing the radiation characteristics of the flat antenna and thereby ensuring the typical all-round radiation even under conditions of use that are initially unfavorable for the principle.
  • the means according to the invention ensure that, regardless of all modifications to antennas of the construction described here, good adaptation and good profit can always be achieved.
  • the variation of the radiation characteristic is made possible by the division of the surface segment in connection with the second short-circuit connection.
  • the division into two approximately equal halves while maintaining the overall dimension ⁇ / 4 has proven to be a favorable starting position in experiments; With minor changes in the division ratio and the width of the gap or the degree of overlap of the partial areas, additional corrections are then possible.
  • the short, ribbon-like line pieces on both sides of the partial area galvanically connected to the inner conductor of the antenna cable are used to adjust or correct the impedance at the feed point.
  • the dimensioning is done experimentally.
  • the dimensions are also determined from the distance to the edge of the calotte in the case of a spherical design of the mass reference surface.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment according to the German application No. 196 14 068 mentioned above.
  • the cap is conductively connected to the mass 8 on one side, for example to the metallic roof edge above the motor vehicle rear window 9.
  • the dimensions of the spherical cap are reduced to a quarter of the dimensions of the ground reference surface 3 according to FIG. 1, and apart from the level differences mentioned in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, no impairments of the antenna parameters can be found compared to the antenna according to FIG.
  • the new antenna consists of two sub-areas 10 and 11, each of which is connected to the ground reference area 3 via a separate web 12, 13 - as short-circuit connections.
  • the width of the gap 14 in the variant in FIGS. 3a and b is selected such that the gap is not recognized as such by the field corresponding to the operating frequency and that there is a continuous area for this field.
  • the same result is achieved by overlapping the partial areas 10, 11, which is shown in FIG. 3c.
  • the antenna parameters can be influenced further by varying the width of the gap 14 and the dimensions A and B of the overlap and, moreover, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric in the overlap region.
  • the sections 15 attached to the partial surface 11 serve, by varying the dimensions C and D, for precise adaptation to the cable impedance.
  • FIG. 4 again takes up the subject of flat antennas with reduced dimensions of the ground reference area in combination with an antenna for another frequency range.
  • a flat antenna according to the invention for radio operation for example in the 900 MHz range, is combined with an antenna 16 for satellite-based vehicle navigation (GPS).
  • GPS satellite-based vehicle navigation
  • the web 12 forming the short-circuit connection of the partial surface 10 connects to the partial surface at an extremely obtuse angle, so that the larger ground surface which is favorable for the function of the patch antenna 16 was obtained in a simple manner.
  • This arrangement is also suitable for positioning below a cover or a flat construction element made of a dielectric material, whether it is a vehicle window 9 or a roof or hood made of a plastic material.

Abstract

The antenna has two parallel flat segments (3,10,11) of an electrically conductive material short-circuited together along one side edge. These respectively act as an earth reference surface (3) connected to the outer conductor of a coaxial line (4) and connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line. The smaller surface area segment which is connected to the inner conductor is divided into two partial surfaces (10,11), each of which has a short-circuit connection with the earth reference surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Flachantennen für terrestrisch abgestrahlte Signale und für Funkverbindungen mit Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich, insbesondere für den Mobilfunk im 900-MHz- und im 1,8-GHz-Band, mit den im Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Gattungsmerkmalen.The invention relates to flat antennas for terrestrially radiated Signals and for radio connections with frequencies in the GHz range, especially for mobile radio in the 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz bands, with the generic features specified in the preamble of the main claim.

Die Erfindung geht von einem Wirkprinzip aus, das u.a. in der deutschen Patentanmeldung Nr. 195 04 577 an Hand typischer Lösungen des vorangegangenen Stands der Technik charakterisiert wurde: Zwei zueinander planparallele Flächenelemente aus elektrisch leitendem Material, die durch einen seitlichen Kurzschluß verbunden sind und von denen eines (die "Massebezugsfläche") an den Außenleiter und das andere (das "Flächensegment" mit den funktionsbestimmenden Konturen und Abmessungen) an den Innenleiter eines speisenden Koaxialkabels angeschlossen ist, bilden bei Betrieb quasi einen Hohlraumresonator. An den offenen Seitenbereichen baut sich im Resonanzfall ein Feld auf, das zu einer radialen Strahlung in nutzbaren Größenordnungen führt.The invention is based on an operating principle that i.a. in the German patent application No. 195 04 577 based on typical solutions of the prior art was characterized: Two plane-parallel surface elements made of electrical conductive material caused by a side short circuit are connected and one of which (the "ground reference surface") to the outer conductor and the other (the "surface segment" with the function-defining contours and dimensions) on the inner conductor a feeding coaxial cable is connected to form Operation quasi a cavity resonator. On the open side areas in the event of a resonance, a field builds up that becomes a radial radiation in usable orders of magnitude.

Wenn bei dieser Anordnung die Massebezugsfläche ausreichend größer als das mit dem Innenleiter verbundene Flächensegment ist, oder wenn sie unmittelbar über einer größeren leitenden Fläche positioniert wird, erhält man eine Strahlungscharakteristik ähnlich der eines Monopols.
Das im wesentlichen funktionsbestimmende Maß des an den Innenleiter angeschlossenen Flächensegments, der Abstand von der Seite mit der Kurzschlußverbindung zum gegenüberliegenden Flächenrand, orientiert sich üblicherweise an dem Maß eines Viertels der dem mittleren Betriebsfrequenzbereich entsprechenden Wellenlänge.With this arrangement, if the ground reference area is sufficiently larger than the area segment connected to the inner conductor, or if it is positioned directly over a larger conductive area, a radiation characteristic similar to that of a monopole is obtained.
The essentially function-determining dimension of the surface segment connected to the inner conductor, the distance from the side with the short-circuit connection to the opposite surface edge, is usually based on the dimension of a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the middle operating frequency range.

Weiterführende Untersuchungen hatten die in der deutschen Patentanmeldung Nr. 196 14 068 beschriebene Erfindung zum Ergebnis: Wenn man die Massebezugsfläche zumindest in einer Koordinate beidseitig zum Rand hin aufwölbt, sie z.B. ähnlich einer flachen Mulde oder Kalotte ausbildet, dann können die Abmessungen der Massebezugsfläche verringert werden, ohne daß die Antennenfunktion und die Strahlungsparameter beeinträchtigt werden.Further investigations were carried out in the German patent application No. 196 14 068 described the result: If you have the ground reference surface at least in one coordinate bulges towards the edge on both sides, e.g. similar to a flat one Trough or dome forms, then the dimensions of the Ground reference area can be reduced without the antenna function and the radiation parameters are impaired.

Einen Nachteil hat das hier beschriebene Antennenprinzip: Es verlangt annähernd symmetrische Verhältnisse in der Zuordnung der beiden flächigen Komponenten, d.h. eine möglichst zentrische Anordnung des Flächensegments über der Massebezugsfläche. Das führt zu Problemen bei der Positionierung derartiger Antennen z.B. an Fahrzeugkarosserien, für die sie auf Grund der flachen Bauweise an sich prädestiniert sind. Wenn die Flachantenne nicht als zusätzliches Außen- und Anbauteil - z.B. auf dem metallischen Dach oder einer Haube - "geduldet" wird, dann bietet sich am ehesten noch die Anbringung im Fahrzeuginneren unterhalb der Front- oder der Heckscheibe an. Dazu sollte die Scheibe möglichst flach geneigt sein. Eine Anordnung z.B. an einer Heckscheibe ist in der schon erwähnten DE 196 14 068 beschrieben; sie wurde ermöglicht durch die Verringerung der Abmessungen der Massebezugsfläche durch die sphärische Ausbildung. Dabei haben die Scheibenschräge und ein gewisses, durch das anschließende Fahrzeugdach gegebenes Masse-Ungleichgewicht zur Folge, daß sich die Strahlungscharakteristik in der Horizontalen etwas veschiebt, d.h. die Kurve der Strahlungscharakteristik erscheint als in Richtung des Fahrzeughecks verschobener Kreis, und der Pegel ist in Richtung Fahrzeugfront etwas schwächer. Dieses Ergebnis galt es zu verbessern.The antenna principle described here has one disadvantage: It requires approximately symmetrical relationships in the assignment of the two flat components, i.e. as centric as possible Arrangement of the surface segment above the ground reference surface. Leading problems with the positioning of such antennas e.g. on Vehicle bodies for which they are due to the flat design are predestined in themselves. If the flat antenna is not as additional external and add-on part - e.g. on the metallic roof or a hood - is "tolerated", then offers itself best still the installation inside the vehicle below the front or the rear window. For this, the disc should be inclined as flat as possible be. An arrangement e.g. is already on a rear window described DE 196 14 068; it was made possible by the reduction in the dimensions of the ground reference area by the spherical education. The bevels have a and certain mass imbalance given by the adjoining vehicle roof the consequence that the radiation characteristic shifted somewhat in the horizontal, i.e. the curve of the radiation characteristic appears as towards the rear of the vehicle shifted circle, and the level is towards the front of the vehicle a little weaker. This result had to be improved.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung der Betriebsparameter von Flachantennen der im Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Gattung zu entwickeln, damit die Antennen besser an die Spezifika unterschiedlicher Einbaupositionen angepaßt werden können und die Flexibilität in der Anwendung des Prinzips erweitert wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of measures for Influencing the operating parameters of flat antennas in the Developing the generic term of the main claim specified genus, so that the antennas better match the specifics of different Installation positions can be adjusted and the flexibility in the application of the principle is expanded.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Die Unteransprüche enthalten bevorzugte Ausführungsvarianten und -details.This object is achieved with the in the characterizing part of the main features specified solved. The subclaims contain preferred versions and details.

Durch die Erfindung gelingt es, Einfluß auf die Strahlungscharakteristik der Flachantenne zu nehmen und dadurch die typische Rundumstrahlung auch bei für das Prinzip zunächst ungünstigen Einsatzbedingungen zu gewährleisten.
Parallel dazu wird mit den erfindungsgmäßen Mitteln abgesichert, daß unabhängig von allen Modifikationen bei Antennen des hier beschriebenen Aufbaus immer auch eine gute Anpassung und eine guter Gewinn erzielt werden kann.The invention succeeds in influencing the radiation characteristics of the flat antenna and thereby ensuring the typical all-round radiation even under conditions of use that are initially unfavorable for the principle.
At the same time, the means according to the invention ensure that, regardless of all modifications to antennas of the construction described here, good adaptation and good profit can always be achieved.

Die Variation der Strahlungscharakteristik wird durch die Teilung des Flächensegments in Verbindung mit der zweiten Kurzschlußverbindung ermöglicht. Die Teilung in zwei etwa gleiche Hälften unter Beibehaltung des Gesamtmaßes λ/4 hat sich in Versuchen als günstige Ausgangsposition erwiesen; mit geringen Änderungen des Teilungsverhältnisses sowie der Breite des Spalts oder des Maßes der Überlappung der Teilflächen sind dann ergänzende Korrekturen möglich.
Zur Einstellung bzw. Korrektur der Impedanz im Speisepunkt dienen die kurzen, bandartigen Leitungsstücke beidseits der an den Innenleiter des Antennenkabels galvanisch angeschlossenen Teilfläche. Die Bemaßung erfolgt experimentell. Die Abmessungen werden bei sphärischer Ausbildung der Massebezugsfläche auch noch vom Abstand zum Rand der Kalotte bestimmt.
Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen konnte auch die Strahlungscharakteristik der Antenne nach DE 195 14 068 "korrigiert" werden: Durch das Teilungsprinzip und mit den Leitungsstücken wurde eine fast vollkommene Rundumstrahlung bei guter Anpassung erzielt.The variation of the radiation characteristic is made possible by the division of the surface segment in connection with the second short-circuit connection. The division into two approximately equal halves while maintaining the overall dimension λ / 4 has proven to be a favorable starting position in experiments; With minor changes in the division ratio and the width of the gap or the degree of overlap of the partial areas, additional corrections are then possible.
The short, ribbon-like line pieces on both sides of the partial area galvanically connected to the inner conductor of the antenna cable are used to adjust or correct the impedance at the feed point. The dimensioning is done experimentally. The dimensions are also determined from the distance to the edge of the calotte in the case of a spherical design of the mass reference surface.
With the measures according to the invention, the radiation characteristics of the antenna according to DE 195 14 068 could also be "corrected": by the division principle and with the line sections, an almost complete all-round radiation with good adaptation was achieved.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In der zugehörigen Zeichnung zeigen in schematischer Darstellung

Figur 1.
Flachantenne, Stand der Technik
Figur 2.
Flachantenne mit kalottenartiger Massebezugsfläche, Stand der Technik
Figur 3.
Prinzip der vorliegenden Erfindung
Figur 4.
Erfindungsgemäße Antenne für Funkbetrieb mit kalottenartiger Massebezugsfläche, in Kombination mit einer Patch-Antenne für Satellitenempfang
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. In the accompanying drawing show a schematic representation
Figure 1
Flat antenna, state of the art
Figure 2.
Flat antenna with dome-like ground reference surface, state of the art
Figure 3.
Principle of the present invention
Figure 4.
Antenna according to the invention for radio operation with a dome-like ground reference area, in combination with a patch antenna for satellite reception

Figur 1 verdeutlicht den grundsätzlichen Aufbau der Flachantenne gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die Antenne besteht aus dem Blechsegment 1, dem Steg 2 als Kurzschlußverbindung und der Blechplatte 3 als Massebezugsfläche. Das Speisekabel 4 ist durch den Außenleiter im Punkt 5 mit der Blechplatte 3 und durch den Innenleiter im Speisepunkt 6 mit dem Blechsegment 1 verbunden.
Charakteristische Maße, die in einem Ausführungsbeispiel des bekannten Stands der Technik z.B. für einen Betriebsfrequenzbereich bei 900 MHz angegeben wurden, sind

  • Blechsegment: 76 x 87 mm,
  • Abstand zwischen Blechsegment und Blechplatte: 13 mm,
  • Blechplatte: 254 x 332 cm.
(Die Angaben für die Blechplatte stellen Mindestmaße dar; bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel befindet sich unterhalb der Blechplatte sogar noch ein weiteres - noch größeres - flächiges Element aus leitendem Material.)Figure 1 illustrates the basic structure of the flat antenna according to the prior art. The antenna consists of the sheet metal segment 1, the web 2 as a short-circuit connection and the sheet metal plate 3 as a ground reference surface. The feed cable 4 is connected to the sheet metal plate 3 by the outer conductor at point 5 and to the sheet metal segment 1 by the inner conductor at feed point 6.
Characteristic dimensions that were specified in an exemplary embodiment of the known prior art, for example for an operating frequency range at 900 MHz
  • Sheet segment: 76 x 87 mm,
  • Distance between sheet metal segment and sheet metal plate: 13 mm,
  • Sheet plate: 254 x 332 cm.
(The information for the sheet metal plate represents minimum dimensions; in the exemplary embodiment there is even another - even larger - flat element made of conductive material below the sheet metal plate.)

Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausführung nach der oben erwähnten deutschen Anmeldung Nr. 196 14 068. Die Massebezugsfläche ist hier, mit allseitig aufgebogenem Rand, als flache Kalotte 7 ausgebildet.
Die Kalotte ist an einer Seite leitend an die Masse 8 angeschlossen, z.B. an den metallischen Dachrand oberhalb der Kfz-Heckscheibe 9.
Die Abmessungen der Kalotte sind auf ein Viertel der Maße der Massebezugsfläche 3 gemäß Figur 1 reduziert, und bis auf die erwähnten Pegelunterschiede in der Fahrzeug-Längsachse sind gegenüber der Antenne nach Figur 1 keine Beeinträchtigungen der Antennenparameter festzustellen.Figure 2 shows an embodiment according to the German application No. 196 14 068 mentioned above.
The cap is conductively connected to the mass 8 on one side, for example to the metallic roof edge above the motor vehicle rear window 9.
The dimensions of the spherical cap are reduced to a quarter of the dimensions of the ground reference surface 3 according to FIG. 1, and apart from the level differences mentioned in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, no impairments of the antenna parameters can be found compared to the antenna according to FIG.

In Figur 3 sind Anordnungen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dargestellt. Die neue Antenne besteht aus zwei Teilflächen 10 und 11, die jede über einen separaten Steg 12, 13 - als Kurzschlußverbindungen - mit der Massebezugsfläche 3 verbunden sind.
Die Breite des Spalts 14 bei der Variante in Figur 3a und b ist so gewählt, daß der Spalt von dem der Betriebsfrequenz entsprechenden Feld nicht als solcher erkannt wird und daß für dieses Feld eine durchgehende Fläche vorliegt.
Ein gleiches Ergebnis erzielt man mit der Überlappung der Teilflächen 10, 11, die Figur 3c zeigt. In Figure 3, arrangements according to the present invention are shown. The new antenna consists of two sub-areas 10 and 11, each of which is connected to the ground reference area 3 via a separate web 12, 13 - as short-circuit connections.
The width of the gap 14 in the variant in FIGS. 3a and b is selected such that the gap is not recognized as such by the field corresponding to the operating frequency and that there is a continuous area for this field.
The same result is achieved by overlapping the partial areas 10, 11, which is shown in FIG. 3c.

Durch Variation der Breite des Spalts 14 sowie der Maße A und B der Überlappung und darüber hinaus der relativen Dielektrizitätskonstante des Dielektrikums im Überlappungsbereich kann man die Antennenparameter im weiteren beeinflussen.
Die an die Teilfläche 11 angesetzten Abschitte 15 dienen, durch Variation der Maße C und D, der präzisen Anpassung an die Kabelimpedanz.The antenna parameters can be influenced further by varying the width of the gap 14 and the dimensions A and B of the overlap and, moreover, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric in the overlap region.
The sections 15 attached to the partial surface 11 serve, by varying the dimensions C and D, for precise adaptation to the cable impedance.

Mit Figur 4 wird nochmals das Thema Flachantenne mit verringerten Abmessungen der Massebezugsfläche in Kombination mit einer Antenne für einen anderen Frequenzbereich aufgegriffen. Hier wird eine erfindungsgemäße Flachantenne für Funkbetrieb, z.B. im Bereich 900 MHz, mit einer Antenne 16 für satellitengestützte Fahrzeugnavigation (GPS) kombiniert.
Der die Kurzschlußverbindung der Teilfläche 10 bildende Steg 12 schließt in einem extrem stumpfen Winkel an die Teilfläche an, so daß auf einfache Weise die für die Fuktion der Patchantenne 16 günstige größere Massefläche gewonnen wurde.
Auch diese Anordnung ist für die Positionierung unterhalb einer Abdeckung oder eines flächigen Konstruktionselements aus einem dielektrischen Material geeignet, ob nun Fahrzeugscheibe 9 oder Dach oder Haube aus einem Kunststoff-Material.FIG. 4 again takes up the subject of flat antennas with reduced dimensions of the ground reference area in combination with an antenna for another frequency range. Here, a flat antenna according to the invention for radio operation, for example in the 900 MHz range, is combined with an antenna 16 for satellite-based vehicle navigation (GPS).
The web 12 forming the short-circuit connection of the partial surface 10 connects to the partial surface at an extremely obtuse angle, so that the larger ground surface which is favorable for the function of the patch antenna 16 was obtained in a simple manner.
This arrangement is also suitable for positioning below a cover or a flat construction element made of a dielectric material, whether it is a vehicle window 9 or a roof or hood made of a plastic material.

Es wird betont, daß mit allen hier gezeigten Ausführungsvarianten für den Funkbereich wie auch - bei Kombination zweier Antennen - für den Betrieb in einer zusätzlichen Frequenz gute bis sehr gute Strahlungscharakteristika erzielt wurden.It is emphasized that with all the design variants shown here for the radio range as well as - when combining two antennas - good to very good for operation in an additional frequency Radiation characteristics were achieved.

Claims (4)

Flachantenne für Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich, bestehend aus einem Flächensegment aus elektrisch leitendem Material, das über einer größeren leitenden Fläche, mit einem definierten Abstand und vorzugsweise planparallel dazu, angeordnet ist und das in einem Randbereich mit der größeren Fläche kurzschlußartig in leitender Verbindung steht, wobei das Flächensegment mit dem Innenleiter des Antennenkabels und die größere leitende Fläche mit dem Außenleiter des Antennenkabels verbunden ist, die größere leitende Fläche die Massebezugsfläche der Anordnung darstellt und die größere leitende Fläche in mindestens einer Koordinate zum Rand hin beidseitig hochgewölbt sein kann,
gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale: Das Flächensegment ist geteilt, wobei jede Teilfläche (10, 11) eine eigene Kurzschlußverbindung (12, 13) zur Massebezugsfläche (3, 7) hat, die Teilung erfolgt in einer Ebene parallel zur Ebene der ursprünglich einzigen Kurzschlußverbindung (2), und es ergibt sich, im Schnitt gesehen, eine Anordnung aus 1. Kurzschluß (12) / 1. Teilfläche (10) - 2. Kurzschluß (13) / 2. Teilfläche (11) in Reihe, die beiden Teilflächen (10, 11) sind voneinander durch einen Spalt (14) getrennt, oder die 1. Teilfläche (10) überlappt die 2. Teilfläche (11) unter Zwischenfügung eines Dielektrikums, der Speisepunkt (6) als galvanische Verbindung mit dem Innenleiter des Antennenkabels (4) ist der 2. Teilfläche (11) zugeordnet, und die 1. Teilfläche (10) ist im Bereich des Spalts (14) oder der Überlappung für die Betriebsfrequenzen mit der 2. Teilfläche (11) gekoppelt, die 2. Teilfläche (11) ist mit als offene Leitungsstücke wirkenden Flächenabschnitten (15) in symmetrischer Anordnung zur Beeinflussung der Impedanz im Speisepunkt (6) versehen. Flat antenna for frequencies in the GHz range, consisting of a surface segment made of electrically conductive material, which is arranged over a larger conductive surface, at a defined distance and preferably plane-parallel to it, and which has a short-circuit conductive connection in an edge region with the larger surface, in which the surface segment is connected to the inner conductor of the antenna cable and the larger conductive surface is connected to the outer conductor of the antenna cable, the larger conductive area represents the ground reference area of the arrangement and the larger conductive surface can be arched up on both sides in at least one coordinate towards the edge,
characterized by the following features: The surface segment is divided, each partial surface (10, 11) having its own short-circuit connection (12, 13) to the ground reference surface (3, 7), the division takes place in a plane parallel to the plane of the originally only short-circuit connection (2), and, seen in section, there is an arrangement of 1st short-circuit (12) / 1st partial surface (10) - 2nd short-circuit (13) 2. partial area (11) in a row, the two partial surfaces (10, 11) are separated from one another by a gap (14), or the first partial surface (10) overlaps the second partial surface (11) with the interposition of a dielectric, the feed point (6) as a galvanic connection to the inner conductor of the antenna cable (4) is assigned to the second partial area (11), and the first partial area (10) is in the area of the gap (14) or the overlap for the operating frequencies with the 2. partial area (11) coupled, the second partial surface (11) is provided with surface sections (15) acting as open line pieces in a symmetrical arrangement for influencing the impedance at the feed point (6). Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das HF-wirksame Gesamtmaß zwischen dem Anschluß der äußeren Kurzschlußverbindung (12) an die Teilfläche (10) und dem gegenüberliegenden Außenrand der Teilfläche (11) vorzugsweise gleich dem Maß eines Viertels der dem mittleren Betriebsfrequenzbereich entsprechenden Wellenlänge λ ist und daß die Teilung vorzugsweise mittig erfolgtFlat antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the total RF effective dimension between the connection of the outer Short circuit connection (12) to the partial surface (10) and the opposite outer edge of the partial surface (11) preferably equal to the measure of a quarter of the middle operating frequency range corresponding wavelength λ and that the Division preferably takes place in the middle Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kurzschlußverbindung (12) der 1. Teilfläche (10) vorzugsweise nicht rechtwinklig, sondern in einem stumpfen Winkel an die Teilfläche angeschlossen ist.Flat antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the Short-circuit connection (12) of the first partial area (10) preferably not at right angles, but at an obtuse angle to the Partial area is connected. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination mit einer Antenne für eine höhere Frequenz, vorzugsweise einer Patchantenne (16), wobei die Teilflächen (10, 11) und die Kurzschlußverbindung (12) die Massefläche für die Patchantenne (16) bilden.Flat antenna according to claim 1, characterized by the Combination with an antenna for a higher frequency, preferably a patch antenna (16), the partial surfaces (10, 11) and the short-circuit connection (12) the ground surface for the Form the patch antenna (16).
EP97118934A 1996-11-08 1997-10-30 Flat antenna Expired - Lifetime EP0841715B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19646100A DE19646100A1 (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Flat antenna
DE19646100 1996-11-08

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EP0841715A2 true EP0841715A2 (en) 1998-05-13
EP0841715A3 EP0841715A3 (en) 2000-04-26
EP0841715B1 EP0841715B1 (en) 2005-03-16

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EP (1) EP0841715B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19646100A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0841715A3 (en) 2000-04-26
DE19646100A1 (en) 1998-05-14
EP0841715B1 (en) 2005-03-16
US5929812A (en) 1999-07-27
DE59712229D1 (en) 2005-04-21

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