EP0838590B1 - Kolbenkompressor - Google Patents

Kolbenkompressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0838590B1
EP0838590B1 EP96913701A EP96913701A EP0838590B1 EP 0838590 B1 EP0838590 B1 EP 0838590B1 EP 96913701 A EP96913701 A EP 96913701A EP 96913701 A EP96913701 A EP 96913701A EP 0838590 B1 EP0838590 B1 EP 0838590B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating layer
piston
shoe
tin
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96913701A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0838590A1 (de
EP0838590A4 (de
Inventor
Masafumi K.K. Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho KATO
Akichika K.K. Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho ITO
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Toyota Industries Corp
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Toyota Industries Corp
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Application filed by Toyota Industries Corp filed Critical Toyota Industries Corp
Priority to EP03024463A priority Critical patent/EP1384887B1/de
Priority to DE29624456U priority patent/DE29624456U1/de
Publication of EP0838590A1 publication Critical patent/EP0838590A1/de
Publication of EP0838590A4 publication Critical patent/EP0838590A4/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F04B27/0886—Piston shoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/025—Boron
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0469—Other heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0475—Copper or alloys thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0469—Other heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0493—Tin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/04—Phosphor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0856—Sulfides
    • F05C2203/086—Sulfides of molybdenum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/12—Coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a reciprocating compressor, which converts rotation of a drive shaft to reciprocating motion of pistons, and more particularly, to a structure for reducing sliding resistance occurring at cam-piston joints.
  • a reciprocating compressor for example, as shown in Figure 10, is typically employed in air conditioners for automobiles and the like.
  • This compressor has a pair of cylinder blocks 30 and 31 combined with each other.
  • a swash plate chamber 32 is defined between these cylinder blocks 30 and 31.
  • Housings 35 and 36 are attached to the outer end faces of the cylinder blocks 30 and 31 via valve plates 33 and 34, respectively.
  • An intake chamber 36 and a discharge chamber 37 are defined between the valve plate 33 and the housing 35 and also between the valve plate 34 and the housing 36.
  • the drive shaft 39 is rotatably supported in these cylinder blocks 30 and 31.
  • a swash plate 40 serving as a cam is fixed, in the swash plate chamber 32, to the drive shaft 39.
  • a plural pairs of cylinder bores 41 and 42 are defined in the cylinder blocks 30 and 31 around the drive shaft 39.
  • a double-headed piston 43 is housed in each pair of cylinder bores 41 and 42.
  • Shoes 44 which serve as cam followers, are located between the swash plate 40 and each piston 43.
  • Each shoe 44 has a sliding surface 45 that makes sliding contact with the front face or rear face of the swash plate 40 and a spherical surface 47 that makes sliding contact with a receiving recess 46 of the piston 43.
  • each piston 43 is reciprocated in the cylinder bores 41, 42 via the shoes 44 under the action of the swash plate 40.
  • a refrigerant gas is introduced from the intake chamber 37 to the cylinder bores 41 and 42 as each piston 43 moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center.
  • the refrigerant gas introduced into the cylinder bores 41 and 42 is compressed as the piston 43 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center and is discharged to the discharge chamber 38.
  • the size of the cylinder bores 41 and 42 and increasing the sizes of the pistons 43, swash plate 40 and shoes 44 is contemplated.
  • the pistons 43 and the swash plate 40 are generally made of a light aluminum alloy or the like. However, these members, which are made of the same metallic material, may seize. Accordingly, shoes 44 made of a ferrous metal are located between the pistons 43 and the swash plate 40 to prevent seizure between the pistons 43 and the swash plate 40. However, since ferrous metals have high specific gravity, the increase in the size of the shoes 44 increases the total weight of the compressor.
  • a refrigerant gas is introduced from an external refrigerant circuit via the swash plate chamber 32 into the intake chamber 37.
  • the refrigerant gas introduced into the swash plate chamber 32 cools each part in the swash plate chamber 32 and also prevents pulsation caused by the introduction of the refrigerant into the cylinder bores 41 and 42.
  • R134a CF 3 CH 2 F
  • Chlorine is used as an extreme-pressure additive.
  • An "extreme-pressure additive" is a substance that reacts with the surface of a metal and forms a metallic compound film to reduce frictional resistance.
  • the refrigerant gas introduced into the swash plate chamber 32 washes off, by its own action, lubricant located on the surfaces of the swash plate 40 and other parts, so that lubrication between the shoes 44 and the pistons 43 and swash plate 40 is not easily achieved.
  • chlorine serving as the extreme-pressure additive, is not present in the refrigerant gas molecules, a great sliding resistance exists.
  • JP 62-041 980 discloses a reciprocating compressor comprising a cam, slidably connected with a cam follower which is in slidable contact with a piston.
  • the cam follower consists of sintered ceramic particles and talc only one surface thereof which is directed to the piston is covered by a layer containing tin.
  • the coating layer formed at the receiving portion of the piston reducessliding resistance between the receiving portion of the piston and the shoe. Accordingly, even if a shortage of a lubricant occurs in the compressor, the shoe can slide smoothly in the receiving portion of the piston. Thus, the cam can move the shoe with a small force. Consequently, the load acting between the shoe and the cam can be reduced to decrease sliding resistance between them.
  • a swash plate type compressor according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below referring to Figure 1 to Figure 4.
  • the mechanical construction of the compressor of the first embodiment is substantially the same as that of the compressor shown in Figure 10, which was described with reference to the prior art. Therefore, like or the same components as those in the compressor shown in Figure 10 are affixed with the same reference numbers, respectively, and a description of them will be omitted. Therefore, only differences from the compressor shown in Figure 10 will be described.
  • each piston 1 has a coating layer 6 containing tin as a major component formed over its entire surface.
  • Each piston 1 has a pair of receiving recesses 2 which slidably receive spherical surfaces of shoes 44.
  • the piston 1 consists of a main body 5 made of an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and a coating layer 6 formed over the entire surface of the main body 5.
  • the aluminum alloy for example, an Al-Si alloy or an Al-Si-Cu alloy can be suitably employed.
  • the main body 5 is preferably an aluminum alloy matrix containing hard particles.
  • Such aluminum alloy is typified by an aluminum-high silicon alloy.
  • the aluminum-high silicon alloy contains about 10 to 30 % by weight of silicon. If the aluminum-high silicon alloy has a silicon content not exceeding the level at which a eutectic mixture is formed, the silicon can be present in the form of eutectic silicon (i.e., the hard particles).
  • the main body 5 of the piston 1 is made of a matrix of aluminum-high silicon alloy 4 containing 12 % by weight of silicon 3.
  • materials containing hard particles include, an Al-Mn intermetallic compound, an Al-Si-Mn intermetallic compound, an Al-Fe-Mn intermetallic compound and an Al-Cr intermetallic compound, and these materials may be used as the matrix of the main body 5.
  • the shoes 44 are made of SUJ2 material (a steel material for a high carbon content chromium bearing) specified by JIS, while the swash plate 40 is made of an aluminum-high silicon alloy.
  • the pistons 1 to be employed in the compressor of the first embodiment may be suitably selected, for example, from Examples 1 to 9 having various type of coating layers 6, respectively, as described below. Pistons 1 of Examples 1 to 9 will be described one by one. In Examples 1 to 9, the main bodies 5 of the pistons 1 are of the same structure, and the coating layers 6 have different compositions.
  • the piston 1 of Example 1 has a tin-copper eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 6.
  • This coating layer 6 is formed as follows. The entire main body 5 is immersed in an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.012 % by weight of copper gluconate maintained at 60 to 80°C is to effect electroless plating on the surface of the main body 5. Subsequently, the main body 5 is taken out of the aqueous solution and rinsed. Thus, a eutectoid plating layer of tin and copper is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1, including the receiving recesses 2, which contact the shoes 44.
  • the coating layer 6 contains 97 % by weight of tin and 3 % by weight of copper and has a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the piston 1 of Example 2 has a tin-nickel eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 6.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and nickel is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1 including the receiving recesses 2 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.005 % by weight of nickel chloride in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 6 contains 98 % by weight of tin and 2 % by weight of nickel and has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the piston 1 of Example 3 has a tin-zinc eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 6.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and zinc is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1 including the receiving recesses 2 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.005 % by weight of zinc sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 6 contains 97 % by weight of tin and 3 % by weight of zinc and has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the piston 1 of Example 4 has a tin-lead eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 6.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and lead is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1 including the receiving recesses 2 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.007 % by weight of lead sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 6 contains 95 % by weight of tin and 5 % by weight of lead and has a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
  • the piston 1 of Example 5 has a tin-indium eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 6.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and indium is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1 including the receiving recesses 2 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.005 % by weight of indium sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 6 contains 97 % by weight of tin and 3 % by weight of indium and has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the piston 1 of Example 6 has a plating layer containing only tin as the coating layer 6. Specifically, a plating layer of only tin is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1 including the receiving recesses 2 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 6 has a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the piston 1 of Example 7 has, as the coating layer 6, a tin-copper eutectoid plating layer containing a fluororesin powder as a solid lubricant.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and copper containing a fluororesin powder is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1 including the receiving recesses 2 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate, 0.003 % by weight of copper gluconate and 1.0 % by weight of a fluororesin powder in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 6 contains 99 by weight of tin, 0.9 % by weight of copper and 0.1 % by weight of the fluororesin powder and has a thickness of 1.4 ⁇ m.
  • Example 8 While the piston 1 of Example 8 has a tin-copper eutectoid plating layer like the coating layer 6 in Example I, the coating layer 6, which is formed by chemical plating treatment in the same manner as in Example 1, is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 150°C for one hour.
  • the piston 1 of Example 9 has a tin-copper-zinc eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 6.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin, copper and zinc is formed as the coating layer 6 over the entire surface of the piston 1, including the receiving recesses 2, by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate, 0.003 % by weight of copper gluconate and 0.003 % by weight of zinc sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 6 contains 97 % by weight of tin, 1.5 % by weight of copper and 1.5 % by weight of zinc and has a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the present inventors performed the following test so as to confirm anti-seizure performance of compressors using the pistons 1 of Examples 1 to 9 respectively.
  • the time until seizure between the swash plate 40 and the shoes 44 was measured while each compressor, which was incorporated into an automotive air conditioner, was operated under severe conditions (where no lubricant is present in the compressor).
  • the compressors were operated in this test under the following conditions; intake pressure: -0.5 kg/cm 2 , discharge pressure: 3 kg/cm 2 , revolutions of the drive shaft 39: 1000 rpm.
  • the shoes 44 were made of an SUJ2 (JIS) material
  • the swash plates 40 were made of an aluminum-high silicon alloy.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the results of this test.
  • the test results shown in Figure 4 demonstrate that seizure between the shoes 44 and the swash plates 40 takes much longer under severe use conditions in the compressors employing the pistons 1 of Examples 1 to 9 having the coating layers 6 compared with the compressor of the comparative example.
  • a coating layer 6 containing tin as a major component is formed on the surface of each piston 1.
  • Tin is a self-lubricating substance. Accordingly, sliding resistance between the receiving recesses 2 of the piston 1 and the spherical surfaces 47 of the shoes 44 is reduced, and even when there is a shortage of lubricant in the compressor, the shoes 44 can move smoothly along the inner surfaces of the receiving recesses 2. Accordingly, the swash plate 40 can move the shoes 44 within the receiving recesses 2 with a small force. As a result, the load acting between the sliding surface 45 of each shoe 44 and the swash plate 40 is moderated to reduce sliding resistance between the sliding surface 45 and the swash plate 40. Therefore, when the discharge capacity of a compressor is to be increased, even if the sizes of the pistons 1 and of the swash plate 40 are increased without increasing the size of the shoes 44, no problems arise due to an increase in the sliding resistance.
  • the coating layer 6 is formed over the entire surface of each piston 1. Accordingly, the sliding resistance between the outer circumference of the piston 1 and the inner circumferences of the cylinder bores 41 and 42 is reduced to allow smooth movement of the piston in the cylinder bores 41 and 42.
  • the coating layer 6 By incorporating at least one metal selected from copper, nickel, zinc, lead and indium in the coating layer 6 that contains tin as the major component, not only can the coating layer 6 be densified, but a hard metallic compound can be dispersed throughout the coating layer 6 to reinforce it. This reduces the coefficient of friction and abrasion resistance.
  • a hard tin-copper compound Cu 6 Sn 5
  • the coating layer 6 is formed by means of chemical plating. With this chemical plating method, a eutectic mixture of tin and other metals, such as copper, can be easily deposited, and a solid lubricant, such as a fluororesin powder, can be easily incorporated into the coating layer 6.
  • the compressor according to the second embodiment unlike the compressor shown in Figure 10, has shoes 7, each having a coating layer 11, containing tin as a major component, formed over its entire surface.
  • the main body 12 of each shoe 7 is made of SUJ2 material as specified in JIS.
  • the shoe 7 has a spherical surface 8 that slidably engages a receiving recess 46 of the piston 43 and a sliding surface 10, which makes sliding contact with the front face or rear face of the swash plate 40.
  • the spherical surface 8 of the shoe 7 has a spherical portion 9 having a radius of curvature greater than that of the rest of the surface 8.
  • An oil reservoir for storing a lubricant therein is defined between this spherical portion 9 and each receiving recess 46 of the piston 43.
  • the sliding surface 10 of the shoe 7 is slightly tapered toward the periphery to have a convex-like shape to permit easy entry of lubricant into the clearance between the sliding surface 10 and the swash plate 40.
  • both the swash plate 40 and the pistons 43 are made of an aluminum-high silicon alloy.
  • suitable shoes 7 can be selected from those having various coating layers 11 as shown in the following Examples 1 to 9.
  • the shoes 7 of Examples 1 to 9 will be described one by one.
  • the main bodies 12 of the shoes 7 of Examples 1 to 9 are all the same, and only the coating layers 11 are different from one another.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 1 has a tin-copper eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 11.
  • This coating layer 11 is formed as follows.
  • the main body 12 of the shoe 7 is immersed in an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.012 % by weight of copper gluconate. In this state, the main body 12 is connected to a cathode, and a metal bar having a high ionization tendency is used as an anode.
  • a predetermined voltage is applied between these electrodes using the thus prepared aqueous solution as an electrolyte, tin and copper are separated out under electrolytic action to adhere intimately to the surface of the main body 12.
  • the main body 12 is taken out of the aqueous solution and rinsed.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and copper is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7.
  • the shoe 7 thus plated is then surface polished while taking the clearance between the swash plate 40, with which the shoe 7 is used, and the piston 43 into consideration to have a uniform coating layer 11.
  • the coating layer 11 contains 97 % by weight of tin and 3 % by weight of copper and has a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 2 has a tin-nickel eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 11.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and nickel is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.005 % by weight of nickel chloride in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 11 contains 98 % by weight of tin and 2 % by weight of nickel, and the thickness of the coating layer 11 is adjusted to 1 ⁇ m by surface polishing.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 3 has a tin-zinc eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 11.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and zinc is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.005 % by weight of zinc sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 11 contains 97 % by weight of tin and 3 % by weight of zinc, and the thickness of the coating layer 11 is adjusted to 1 ⁇ m by surface polishing.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 4 has a tin-lead eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 11.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and lead is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.007 % by weight of lead sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 11 contains 95 % by weight of tin and 5 % by weight of lead, and the thickness of the coating layer 11 is adjusted to 2 ⁇ m by surface polishing.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 5 has a tin-indium eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 11.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and indium is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate and 0.005 % by weight of indium sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 11 contains 97 % by weight of tin and 3 % by weight of indium, and the thickness of the coating layer 11 is adjusted to 1 ⁇ m by surface polishing.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 6 has a plating layer containing tin only as the coating layer 11. Specifically, a plating layer of tin only is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate in the same manner as in Example 1. The thickness of the coating layer 11 is adjusted to 1.5 ⁇ m by surface polishing.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 7 has a tin-copper eutectoid plating layer containing a molybdenum disulfide powder as a solid lubricant as the coating layer 11.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin and zinc containing the molybdenum disulfide powder is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate, 0.003 % by weight of copper gluconate and 1.0 % by weight of the molybdenum disulfide powder in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 11 contains 99 % by weight of tin, 0.9 % by weight of copper and 0.1 % by weight of the molybdenum disulfide powder, and the thickness of the coating layer 11 is adjusted to 1.4 ⁇ m by surface polishing.
  • Example 8 While the shoe 7 of Example 8 has a tin-copper eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 11 like in Example 1, the coating layer 11, which is formed by electrolytic plating treatment and polished in the same manner as in Example 1, is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 150°C for one hour.
  • the shoe 7 of Example 9 has a tin-copper-zinc eutectoid plating layer as the coating layer 11.
  • a eutectoid plating layer of tin, copper and zinc is formed as the coating layer 11 over the entire surface of the shoe 7 by employing an aqueous solution containing 6 % by weight of potassium stannate, 0.003 % by weight of copper gluconate and 0.003 % by weight of zinc sulfate in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the coating layer 11 contains 97 % by weight of tin, 1.5 % by weight of copper and 1.5 % by weight of zinc, and the thickness of the coating layer 11 is adjusted to 1.2 ⁇ m by surface polishing.
  • the present inventors performed the following test to confirm the anti-seizure performance of compressors using the shoes 7 of Examples 1 to 9, respectively.
  • the time until seizure between the swash plate 40 and the shoes 7 was measured while each compressor, which was incorporated into an automotive air conditioner, was operated under severe conditions (where no lubricant is present in the compressor).
  • the compressors were operated continuously in this test under the following conditions; intake pressure: -0.5 kg/cm 2 , discharge pressure: 3 kg/cm 2 , revolutions of the drive shaft 39: 1000 rpm.
  • the swash plates 40 and the pistons 43 of the compressors were made of an aluminum-high silicon alloy.
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of this test.
  • the test results shown in Figure 6 demonstrate that seizure between the shoes 7 and the swash plates 40 takes much longer under severe use conditions in the compressors employing the shoes 7 of Examples 1 to 9 having the coating layers 11 compared with the compressor of the comparative example.
  • a coating layer 11 containing tin as a major component is formed on the surface of each shoe 7. Accordingly, sliding resistance between the receiving recesses 46 of the piston 43 and the spherical surfaces 8 of the shoes 7 is reduced, and the sliding resistance between the swash plate 40 and the sliding surface 10 of the shoe 7 is reduced. Accordingly, even when there is a shortage of lubricant in the compressor, smooth sliding of the swash plate 40 and the pistons 43 can be guarantied at the joints thereof to control sliding resistance at the joints.
  • the shoes 44 can move smoothly along the inner surfaces of the receiving recesses 46 under the action of the coating layer 11 formed on the spherical surfaces 8. As a result, the load acting between the sliding surface 10 of each shoe 7 and the swash plate 40 is moderated to reduce sliding resistance between the sliding surface 10 and the swash plate 40.
  • the coating layer 11 is also present on the sliding surface 10 of the shoe 7, thus, the sliding resistance between the sliding surface 10 and the swash plate 40 can be further reduced. Therefore, when the discharge capacity of a compressor is to be increased, even if the sizes of the pistons 43 and the swash plate 40 are increased without changing the size of the shoes 7, no problems arise due to an increase in the sliding resistance.
  • the coating layer 11 that contains tin as the major component formed on the surface of each shoe 7, which is made of a ferrous metal, can protect the shoe 7 from rusting.

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Claims (6)

  1. Hin- und herlaufender Kompressor, der Tetrafluorethan als Kältemittel einsetzt, mit:
    einem Zylinderblock (30, 31), der eine Zylinderbohrung (41,42) enthält;
    einer Antriebswelle (39), die drehbar in dem Zylinderblock (30,31) gelagert ist;
    einer Nocke (40, 48), angebracht an der Antriebswelle (39) um zusammen damit drehbar zu sein;
    einem Kolben (1,43), gleitbar in der Zylinderbohrung (41,42) aufgenommen; und
    einem Schuh (7, 44) mit einer im Wesentlichen halbkugelförmigen Form und gleitbar zwischen dem Kolben (1, 43) und der Nocke (40, 48) gelagert;
       wobei der Kolben (1, 43) über den Schuh (44) hinund herbewegt wird, wenn die Nocke (40, 48) gedreht wird;
       und der Kolben (1, 43), der aus einem Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierungsmatrix hergestellt ist, eine Aufnahmeaussparung (2, 46) zum gleitbaren Aufnehmen einer kugeligen Oberfläche (8, 47) des Schuhs (7, 44) darin aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
       der Schuhe (7, 44) aus einer Eisenmetallmatrix hergestellt ist;
    und
       eine Ummantelungsschicht (6), die Zinn als Hauptbestandteil enthält, bei der Aufnahmeaussparung (2) des Kolbens (1) mittels eines metallischen Überzugsverfahrens gebildet wird, wobei die Dicke der Ummantelungsschicht (6) sich in dem Bereich von 1 bis 5 µm befindet.
  2. Hin- und herlaufender Kompressor gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass
       der Schuh (7) eine gleitende Oberfläche (10) aufweist, die mit der Nocke (40, 48) in gleitenden Kontakt zu bringen ist, wobei
       sowohl die kugelige Oberfläche (8) als auch die gleitende Oberfläche (10) des Schuhs (7) eine Ummantelungsschicht (11) aufweisen, die Zinn als Hauptbestandteil enthält, und die Ummantelungsschicht (11) mittels eines metallischen Überzugsverfahrens gebildet ist, und die Dicke der Ummantelungsschicht (11) sich in dem Bereich von 1 bis 5 µm befindet.
  3. Hin- und herlaufender Kompressor gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Kolben (1) einen äußeren Umfang aufweist, der mit dem inneren Umfang der Zylinderbohrung (41, 42) in Gleitkontakt zu bringen ist, und die Ummantelungsschicht (6) ebenfalls an dem äußeren Umfang des Kolbens (1) gebildet ist.
  4. Hin- und herlaufender Kompressor gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Nocke (40; 48) einen gleitenden Abschnitt hat, der mit dem Schuh (7, 44) in gleitenden Kontakt zu bringen ist, und mit einer Ummantelungsschicht (6), die Zinn als einen Hauptbestandteil enthält, und an dem gleitenden Abschnitt gebildet ist.
  5. Hin- und herlaufender Kompressor gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Ummantelungsschicht (6, 11) zumindest ein Metall enthält, das aus der Gruppe gewählt wurde, die aus Kupfer, Nickel, Zink, Blei und Indium besteht.
  6. Hin- und herlaufender Kompressor gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Ummantelungsschicht (6, 11) eine Art eines festen Schmierstoffes enthält, der aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wurde, die aus einem Fluorkunstharzpulver, einem Molybdendisufidpulver, einem Kohlenstoffpulver und einem Bornitridpulver besteht.
EP96913701A 1996-05-08 1996-05-08 Kolbenkompressor Expired - Lifetime EP0838590B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03024463A EP1384887B1 (de) 1996-05-08 1996-05-08 Kolbenkompressor
DE29624456U DE29624456U1 (de) 1996-05-08 1996-05-08 Kompressor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP1996/001216 WO1997042411A1 (fr) 1996-05-08 1996-05-08 Compresseur a deplacement alternatif

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03024463A Division EP1384887B1 (de) 1996-05-08 1996-05-08 Kolbenkompressor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0838590A1 EP0838590A1 (de) 1998-04-29
EP0838590A4 EP0838590A4 (de) 2000-02-23
EP0838590B1 true EP0838590B1 (de) 2003-11-12

Family

ID=14153264

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96913701A Expired - Lifetime EP0838590B1 (de) 1996-05-08 1996-05-08 Kolbenkompressor

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0838590B1 (de)
KR (1) KR100312933B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69630689T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1997042411A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000257555A (ja) * 1999-03-08 2000-09-19 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 圧縮機
JP2001050158A (ja) * 1999-08-06 2001-02-23 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 容量固定型片側斜板式圧縮機
US6129996A (en) * 1999-08-16 2000-10-10 Ford Motor Company Conversion coatings of tin with cobalt and bismuth for aluminum sliding surfaces
EP1172556A3 (de) * 2000-07-14 2004-05-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Kolbenschuhanordnung in einem Taumelscheibenkompressor
JP4292700B2 (ja) * 2000-09-18 2009-07-08 株式会社豊田自動織機 斜板式圧縮機
JP2002257045A (ja) 2001-03-02 2002-09-11 Toyota Industries Corp ピストン型圧縮機
JP4496662B2 (ja) * 2001-04-20 2010-07-07 株式会社豊田自動織機 斜板式圧縮機における斜板
JP2002317759A (ja) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-31 Toyota Industries Corp 斜板式圧縮機用シューおよびそれが配設された斜板式圧縮機
KR100391307B1 (ko) * 2001-06-04 2003-07-16 한라공조주식회사 고체 윤활 피막 형성방법
WO2003072940A2 (de) * 2002-02-25 2003-09-04 Luk Fahrzeug-Hydraulik Gmbh & Co. Kg Hubkolbenmaschine
DE102004057367A1 (de) * 2004-11-27 2006-06-01 Zexel Valeo Compressor Europe Gmbh Axialkolbenverdichter
KR102257499B1 (ko) * 2016-05-03 2021-05-31 엘지전자 주식회사 리니어 압축기 및 그 제조방법

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JPS6016513B2 (ja) * 1980-01-10 1985-04-25 大豊工業株式会社 斜板式コンプレツサ
JPS5751976A (en) * 1980-09-10 1982-03-27 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd Swash-plate type compressor
JPS5786580A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-05-29 Toyoda Autom Loom Works Ltd Piston for swash plate type compressor
JPS57174770U (de) * 1981-04-27 1982-11-04
JPS6131682A (ja) * 1984-07-24 1986-02-14 Hitachi Ltd 斜板式圧縮機
JPS6241980A (ja) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-23 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd 斜板式コンプレツサ用シユ−
JPH0697033B2 (ja) * 1988-11-11 1994-11-30 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 斜板式圧縮機
JP3007644B2 (ja) * 1989-10-26 2000-02-07 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 斜板式圧縮機
JP3039762B2 (ja) * 1995-03-07 2000-05-08 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 往復動型圧縮機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69630689D1 (de) 2003-12-18
KR19990028773A (ko) 1999-04-15
EP0838590A1 (de) 1998-04-29
WO1997042411A1 (fr) 1997-11-13
EP0838590A4 (de) 2000-02-23
DE69630689T2 (de) 2004-09-23
KR100312933B1 (ko) 2002-05-13

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