EP0837920B1 - Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues Download PDFInfo
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- EP0837920B1 EP0837920B1 EP95924898A EP95924898A EP0837920B1 EP 0837920 B1 EP0837920 B1 EP 0837920B1 EP 95924898 A EP95924898 A EP 95924898A EP 95924898 A EP95924898 A EP 95924898A EP 0837920 B1 EP0837920 B1 EP 0837920B1
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- EP
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- gasification
- chamber
- zone
- gasifying agent
- gaseous products
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- the present invention relates to a method and a device for heat treatment, in an ecological manner, hospital waste and other waste containing combustible.
- Waste disposal must ensure total incineration of fuel at high temperature, non-combustible residues and fumes to be free from germs, hazardous compounds and odors.
- Most of the waste hospital is cremated with household waste in incineration plants. This process has the disadvantage of presenting a great risk of contamination during waste transportation contaminated dangerous, or to incur costs high disinfection before transport.
- FR-A-2 649 782 describes a method for incinerating solid hospital, household and which is intended to exclude pollution from the environment, and in which stages of ignition, pyrolysis, combustion and cooling are ensured in sequence under continuous piloting. Overload driven by the introduction of a new batch of waste in the oven is prevented by piloting air supply and burner operation depending on the pressure in the oven and the temperatures in the oven and in a post-combustion chamber. The main drawbacks of this process to consume a lot of energy, to require a complex installation, as well as a fuel additional (combustible gas) to maintain the pyrolysis and combustion.
- EP-A-0 251 269 describes a process and a reactor to gasify solid fuels followed by the combustion of gaseous products, putting uses a gas generator for the gasification of solid fuels such as wood, coal, fuel in briquettes, household waste, etc ..., followed by a burner for the combustion of gaseous products directly after gasification in the oven.
- a gas generator for the gasification of solid fuels such as wood, coal, fuel in briquettes, household waste, etc ...
- a burner for the combustion of gaseous products directly after gasification in the oven.
- primary air injected into the gasification zone and the air secondary supplied to the burner are heated by the heat released by gasification.
- the heating of air is supplied by passing primary air and secondary air through passages in a multiple wall of the gasification chamber.
- fuels such as coal or briquettes
- Another possible cause of burner overload is tar. emerging from the gasification zone may condense on the cooler waste going down to it and thus agglomerate the waste. The condensation of tar also has the effect of degrading friability waste and their gas permeability.
- EP-A-0 251 269 has furthermore disadvantage of transferring heat from the gasification zone because it can result in a extinguishing the combustion of a low fuel calorific value, for example wet. This results in constraints regarding the composition of the combustible.
- EP-A-0 188 073 describes an incinerator for solid fuels in which a gasifying agent is introduced as two streams split in half different points in the combustion zone.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a ecological heat treatment, more particularly gasification for incineration, waste hospital and other solid waste containing combustibles, ensuring reliable operation regardless of staff experience and for a wide range of compositions, calorific values, and hygrometry of waste, this process having more particularly avoid to a large extent the agglomeration of waste in the gasification upstream of the gasification zone.
- the gasifying agent being introduced into the gasification chamber in a distributed manner, by dividing into at least a first and a second part.
- the method is characterized in that that we introduce the first part of the agent of gasification in a drying chamber chamber gasification so that this first part crosses waste moving to the gasification area together with the displacement of waste in the room the second part of the gasification agent being sent through the gasification zone only.
- the device to implement the method comprising a chamber gasification suitable for receiving solid waste containing fuel such as hospital waste, admission means to introduce a screening officer gasification in the gasification chamber and outlet means for withdrawing gaseous products from gasification of the gasification chamber, the means of admission into the gasification chamber being arranged, with respect to the outlet means for gaseous products, so that a flow of said gasifying agent is divided into at least a first and a second part entering the gasification chamber at points distant from each other in the direction of travel waste to the gasification zone, is characterized in that the entry for the first part of the agent gasification is positioned to pass the first part of the gasifier through the waste passing through a drying zone before reaching the zone gasification in the gasification chamber, and in this that the second part of the gasifying agent goes to through the gasification zone only.
- the gasification chamber is subdivided into a drying zone and a drying zone gasification.
- a gasifying agent such as air is introduced into the gasification chamber in a distributed way, so that a first part enters the gasification chamber clearly in upstream of the gasification zone, and establishes a drying area.
- the first part of the agent gasification flows successively through the drying and gasification zones together with moving waste along the chamber.
- a second part of the gasifier crosses only the gasification zone, in which the non-combustible solid products such as ash, dross etc ... settle. Waste crosses the chamber and feed the gasification zone at as they are consumed by the process.
- the gaseous products are preferably sent to a post-combustion chamber through orifices in a wall separating the gasification and post-combustion. In the post-combustion chamber, they are completely oxidized in the presence of an excess secondary air. The fumes are evacuated from the post-combustion chamber.
- Agent flow gasification through the drying zone in concordance with the movement of waste through the room promotes said movement, leads to the gasification zone aqueous vapors and others volatile components released in the area of drying, and prevents tar produced by the gasification to push back to the drying zone and condense there. Such condensation could lead to the agglomeration of waste being treated, and adversely affect their porosity and friability. This could compromise the transportation of waste, and even gasification agent, in the area of gasification.
- the process can use air as a gasification. However, when dealing with high calorific dry waste, you can also inject steam into the gasification so as to reduce the temperature in the gasification zone.
- the process according to the invention is particularly efficient to be used in incinerators small in size and highly reliable for processing thermally waste directly at the place of their production, for example in a hospital.
- the movement of waste to the area of gasification can be promoted by a design and a corresponding size of the gasification chamber, for example by making it flared down.
- the volume of the post-combustion chamber is chosen so that when operating at capacity nominal incinerator, smoke retention in the room exceeds the standard duration required, and under temperature and oxygen concentration exceeding the prescribed standard values. These duration and standard values are those determined as ensuring the elimination of organic pollutants.
- the process can be initiated by an impulse thermal applied to waste in the area of gasification and / or in the agent flow gasification by means of a heat source additional, for example an electric heater of which the operation is interrupted when the process of gasification has established itself stably.
- a heat source additional, for example an electric heater of which the operation is interrupted when the process of gasification has established itself stably.
- We pilot gasification and combustion by regulating the consumption of gasifier and air secondary and redistributing the gasification agent and secondary air between the intake ports corresponding, depending on the temperatures in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber.
- the upper temperature limit can be set by the thermal resistance of the constituent materials the incinerator.
- the feed rate of the agent is reduced gasification. If the temperature in the post-combustion exceeds the upper limit, we increases the secondary air supply rate. If the waste has a low calorific value, can maintain the additional heat source in operation by regulating its power, even after initiation of the gasification process, so as to keep the temperature above the limit lower.
- the incinerator can be fitted with a control device comprising probes for temperature measurements in gasification and post-combustion chambers, and means for controlling feed rates agents and the distribution of the agent gasification and secondary air on the different means of admission to the incinerator's chambers function of these temperatures.
- a control device comprising probes for temperature measurements in gasification and post-combustion chambers, and means for controlling feed rates agents and the distribution of the agent gasification and secondary air on the different means of admission to the incinerator's chambers function of these temperatures.
- a control can result from a factory setting, by simple fitting of corresponding gas pipes, having correlated cross sections.
- Treatment of waste containing additives dangerous, e.g. chlorine or sulfur, can be further followed by a purification step post-combustion chamber fumes and / or gases of pyrolysis withdrawn from the gasification chamber, to extract harmful gases from it using techniques known, for example by passing the products gaseous through one or more layers of limestone or other materials absorbing and neutralizing these pollutants. If the purification stage concerns gas from pyrolysis, for example, these are passed through a conduit containing said materials and connecting the gasification chamber to the post-combustion chamber.
- a purification step post-combustion chamber fumes and / or gases of pyrolysis withdrawn from the gasification chamber, to extract harmful gases from it using techniques known, for example by passing the products gaseous through one or more layers of limestone or other materials absorbing and neutralizing these pollutants.
- the purification stage concerns gas from pyrolysis, for example, these are passed through a conduit containing said materials and connecting the gasification chamber to the post-combustion chamber.
- the afterburner subdivided into separate volumes linked in series so let the smoke pass through them successively.
- Mon of these volumes is preferably arranged in a cyclone, the conduit leading to this volume being arranged to ensure there a circular gas flow.
- Such a cyclone clears gases of dust particles.
- the gasification chamber Before switching off the incinerator, when his room of gasification is substantially empty of waste to except the part of this room where is located the gasification zone, a supply of gasification is distributed so that the surfaces gasification chamber interns are processed thermally for disinfection purposes.
- the gasification chamber is provided with an inlet for hot gasifier. Heating a such gasification agent can be insured in the same heat exchanger as the one preheating the air secondary.
- the incinerator can be fitted, in addition to a chimney for smoke emerging from the combustion chamber, from a draw assist device, for example a extractor fan or ejector.
- a draw assist device for example a extractor fan or ejector.
- the incinerator in Figure 1 includes a chamber gasification 1 vertically elongated having a upper opening which is normally closed by a cover 21. When the cover is open, you can introduce into the gasification chamber 1 of the waste 22, such as hospital waste in disposable plastic containers.
- the bottom of the gasification chamber is defined by a grid 8 through which the gasification 1 is in fluid communication with a post-combustion chamber 7, which is in turn in fluid communication with the outside through a chimney 23 for the fumes.
- the gasification chamber has two intake ports 4, 5 for a gasification, namely air in the example.
- a first port 4 is relatively far from the grid 8, while a second orifice 5 is closer to the grid 8.
- the flow of gasification agent in the gasification chamber is thus divided into a first part 24, going from the admission orifice 4 to grid 8, and a second part 25 going from the second inlet 5 to the grille 8.
- An electric heater 11 is mounted in the post-combustion chamber 7 just below the grid 8.
- entry 4 is positioned so that the first part 24 of the gasifying agent enters the gasification well above the area of gasification 3, which establishes a drying zone 2 in which the volatile components including the water, released from the waste, is captured by the first stream of gasification agent and driven with him in the gasification zone 3.
- the gasified gasification products 6 emerging from the gasification zone 3 flow through the grate 8 in the post-combustion chamber 7.
- a inlet 9 is provided in the chamber post-combustion 7 in the vicinity of the grate 8 for inject a gas into the post-combustion chamber 7 secondary oxidant, such as air, so that burn the gasification gas products in the post-combustion chamber.
- secondary oxidant such as air
- heating 11 is not used only to initiate gasification but also to initiate the combustion of gaseous products from gasification 6.
- Secondary air is introduced in more than stoichiometric so that the smoke 10 in the post-combustion chamber 7 contain excess oxygen in proportion corresponding to the standards for the decontamination of gas.
- the gasification chamber 1 is further provided an additional intake port 16 for introduce hot gasifier 17 in one point distant from the grid 8, in the vicinity of the cover 21.
- Port 16 is supplied with gasification agent in the form of hot air available at the outlet of the heat exchanger 15, like secondary air supplying the inlet 9.
- All gas inlet ports 4, 5, 9, 16 are equipped with flow adjustment means 14 connected to an automatic pilot device 12 which controls also the operation of the heater 11, and which is connected to temperature sensors 13, one in the gasification chamber 1 and the other in the chamber afterburner 7.
- the flow control means 14 of the orifice additional intake 16 is ordered to provide hot gasifier through the orifice 16 when the gasification chamber is almost empty because a batch of waste has been almost completely carbonated so as to heat disinfect the internal surfaces of the gasification chamber. But as the gasification chamber is not yet completely empty, gaseous products continue to form clear the gasification area and be burned in the post-combustion chamber, so that the heat exchanger 15 remains capable of producing hot gasifier for port 16.
- a draw assist device 18, under the form of an ejector, is mounted at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 7 to produce so certain a depression in all of the incinerator, which avoids the risk of leakage harmful gas from the incinerator.
- a filter 37 consisting for example of one or several layers of limestone particles is also mounted in the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 7.
- the post-combustion chamber 7 is subdivided into two volumes 41, 42, which the fumes 10 pass through successively before leaving room 7.
- the volume downstream 42 is arranged in a cyclone with a vertical axis so as to dust off the fumes.
- the gas pipe 43 by which the upstream volume 41 adjacent to the grid 8 communicates with the downstream volume 42 at an opening of output directed in the circumferential direction of the volume 42 to generate the cyclone effect.
- the conduit 43 opens at the top of volume 42.
- An outlet duct 44 allowing the fumes to exit from the volume 42 has a opening close to the base of volume 42 'and extends axially upwards through volume 42.
- the outer surface of the conduit 44 serves as a guide rotation for fumes 10 in volume 42 around the duct 44.
- the heat exchanger 15 is placed downstream of volume 42, between it and ejector 18.
- a filter such as 37 (Figure 1) has not been shown in Figure 2 but could also be expected.
- the mass and density of the charged mixture were 1.65 kg and 190 kg / m 3 , respectively.
- the primary air was sent to the gasification chamber and the secondary air to the post-combustion chamber.
- the treatment time was 30 min.
- the temperatures in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber were approximately 700 to 800 ° C and respectively 900 to 1000 ° C; the temperature of the fumes leaving the post-combustion chamber (behind the heat exchanger) was below 170 ° C.
- the weight of the non-combustible residues consisting of molten glass, aluminum foil and ash was 0.21 kg.
- the average ratio of air consumption across the two primary air intake ports in the gasification chamber was 2: 1, the strongest consumption of corresponding gasification agent during most of the consumer process through the intake port in the area of gasification. But at the final stage of the process, this report has been reversed to ensure disinfection of bedroom. So in this incinerator of laboratory, the inlet ports 4 and 16 of the figure I were in fact a single orifice.
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
- on charge les déchets dans une chambre de gazéification ;
- on établit une zone de gazéification dans la chambre de gazéification en introduisant un agent de gazéification contenant de l'oxygène dans la zone de gazéification de sorte que les déchets se déplacent dans la chambre de gazéification en succession vers la zone de gazéification pour y être successivement gazéifiés,
- on retire des produits gazeux de gazéification de la zone de gazéification,
- la figure 1 est un schéma en élévation d'un incinérateur selon l'invention ; et
- la figure 2 est un schéma analogue à la figure 1, mais à échelle légèrement réduite et relatif à une variante, avec un détail II vu de dessus.
- textile 24% en poids
- papier 28%
- carton 12%
- polyéthylène 9%
- caoutchouc 2%
- feuilles d'aluminium 2%
- verre 7%, et
- eau 16%
Claims (22)
- Procédé, pour traiter à chaud des déchets solides contenant des combustibles, tels que des déchets hospitaliers, comprenant les étapes selon lesquelles :on charge les déchets (22) dans une chambre de gazéification (1) ;on établit une zone de gazéification (3) dans la chambre de gazéification en introduisant un agent de gazéification contenant de l'oxygène dans la zone de gazéification de sorte que les déchets se déplacent dans la chambre de gazéification en succession vers la zone de gazéification pour y être successivement gazéifiés,on retire des produits gazeux de gazéification, (6) de la zone de gazéification (3),
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit de la vapeur dans l'agent de gazéification alimentant la zone de gazéification (3).
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par une étape d'épuration des produits gazeux de gazéification.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on charge les déchets (22) dans la chambre de gazeification (1) directement dans des récipients jetables.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'avant de terminer une opération de gazéification, lorsque la chambre de gazéification est sensiblement vide de déchets à l'exception de la partie de cette chambre où est située la zone de gazéification (3), on injecte un agent de gazéification chaud (17) dans la chambre de gazéification de manière que des surfaces internes de la chambre de gazéification soit traitées thermiquement en vue de leur désinfection.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'injection, ledit agent de gazéification chaud est chauffé par de la chaleur produite par la combustion des produits gazeux de la gazéification.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on envoie les produits gazeux de gazéification (6) retirés de la zone de gazéification, dans une chambre de post-combustion (7) dans laquelle on injecte un gaz oxydant secondaire.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte le gaz oxydant secondaire dans des quantités plus que stoechiométriques.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on préchauffe le gaz oxydant secondaire (9) avec de la chaleur récupérée des fumées (10) formées dans la chambre de pose-combustion (7).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on épure lesdites fumées pour en extraire les gaz nocifs.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite étape d'épuration comprend l'étape consistant à faire passer des produits gazeux à travers au moins une couche de materiau absorbant ou neutralisant les gaz nocifs.
- procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on régule la température dans la chambre de post-combustion (7) en accroissant le débit de gaz oxydant secondaire lorsque cette température tend à devenir trop élevée.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'on régule la température dans la zone de gazéification en reduisant le débit d'agent de gazéification lorsque cette température tend à devenir trop élevée.
- Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, comprenant une chambre de gazéification (1) adaptée à recevoir des déchets solides (22) contenant du combustible, tels que des déchets hospitaliers, des moyens d'admission (4,5) pour introduire un agent de gazéification dans la chambre de gazéification et des moyens de sortie (8) pour soutirer des produits gazeux de gazéification (6) de la chambre de gazéification, les moyens d'admission (4,5) dans la chambre de gazéification étant agencés par rapport aux moyens de sortie (8) pour les produits gazeux de façon qu'un flux dudit agent de gazéification soit divisé en au moins une première et seconde partie entrant dans la chambre de gazéification en des points distants l'un de l'autre selon la direction de déplacement des déchets vers la zone de gazéification, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée de la première partie de l'agent de gazéification est positionnée pour faire passer la première partie de l'agent de gazéification à travers les déchets passant par une zone de séchage (2) avant d'atteindre la zone de gazéification dans la chambre de gazéification, et en ce que la seconde partie de l'agent de gazéification passe à travers la zone de gazéification seulement.
- dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens des sortie (8) de la chambre de gazéification (1) assurent une communication de fluide entre la chambre de gazéification (1) et une chambre de pose-combustion (7) munie d'un orifice d'admission (9) pour un gaz oxydant secondaire, et d'une sortie pour les produits gazeux résultant de la combustion des produits gazeux de gazéification.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par des moyens échangeurs de chaleur (15) montés pour assurer un échange de chaleur entre les fumées de combustion et le gaz oxydant secondaire s'écoulant vers l'orifice d'admission (9) pour gaz oxydant secondaire.
- Dispositif selon La revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de post-combustion (7) est agencée de façon à être subdivisée en au moins deux volumes (41, 42) successivement traversés par le flux de gaz (10).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'un (42) au moins des volumes est agencé en cyclone pour dépoussiérer le flux de gaz.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de pilotage (12) reliés à des sondes (13) de mesure de température dans le dispositif et à des moyens de commande de débit (14) pour piloter les débits à travers les orifices d'admission (4, 5, 9) en fonction des températures détectées par les sondes (13).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 19, caractérisé en ce que sa chambre de gazéification (1) est munie d'au moins un orifice d'admission supplémentaire (16) pour un agent de gazéification chauffé (17), adapté à assurer la désinfection de surfaces internes de la chambre de gazéification (1).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que ledit orifice supplémentaire (16) est situé à distance sensiblement maximale des moyens de sortie (8) pour les produits gazeux de gazéification.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 21, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un dispositif d'assistance au tirage (18) tel qu'un ventilateur extracteur ou un ejecteur.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT95924898T ATE184629T1 (de) | 1995-06-22 | 1995-06-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung von krankenhausabfällen und dergleichen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1995/002416 WO1996000266A1 (fr) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-06-22 | Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0837920A1 EP0837920A1 (fr) | 1998-04-29 |
EP0837920B1 true EP0837920B1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
Family
ID=8166044
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95924898A Expired - Lifetime EP0837920B1 (fr) | 1995-06-22 | 1995-06-22 | Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0837920B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69512280T2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10132755B4 (de) * | 2001-07-10 | 2005-07-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Ermitteln des Kondensatanfalls in einem Kamin |
-
1995
- 1995-06-22 EP EP95924898A patent/EP0837920B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-22 DE DE69512280T patent/DE69512280T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69512280D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
EP0837920A1 (fr) | 1998-04-29 |
DE69512280T2 (de) | 2000-05-11 |
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