EP0837920A1 - Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analoguesInfo
- Publication number
- EP0837920A1 EP0837920A1 EP95924898A EP95924898A EP0837920A1 EP 0837920 A1 EP0837920 A1 EP 0837920A1 EP 95924898 A EP95924898 A EP 95924898A EP 95924898 A EP95924898 A EP 95924898A EP 0837920 A1 EP0837920 A1 EP 0837920A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gasification
- chamber
- waste
- agent
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for heat treating, in an ecological manner, hospital waste and other waste containing fuel.
- Waste disposal must ensure complete incineration of the fuel at high temperature, incombustible residues and smoke must be free of germs, dangerous compounds and odors.
- Most of the hospital waste is incinerated with household waste in incineration plants. This process has the disadvantage of presenting a great risk of contamination during the transport of hazardous contaminated waste, or else of entailing high costs of disinfection before transport.
- FR-A-2 649 782 describes a process for incinerating solid waste from hospitals, households and industrial, which is intended to exclude pollution of the environment, and in which stages of ignition, pyrolysis, combustion and cooling are ensured in sequence under continuous piloting.
- the overload caused by the introduction of a new batch of waste into the oven is prevented by controlling the air supply and the operation of the burners as a function of the pressure in the oven and the temperatures in the oven and in a chamber. afterburner.
- the main drawbacks of this process are that it consumes a lot of energy and requires a complex installation, as well as additional fuel (combustible gas) to maintain the pyrolysis and combustion.
- EP-A-0 251 269 describes a process and a reactor for the gasification of solid fuels followed by the combustion of gaseous products, using a gas generator for the gasification of solid fuels such as wood, coal, fuel in briquettes, household waste, etc ..., followed by a burner for the combustion of gaseous products directly after gasification in the oven.
- a gas generator for the gasification of solid fuels such as wood, coal, fuel in briquettes, household waste, etc ...
- a burner for the combustion of gaseous products directly after gasification in the oven.
- the primary air injected into the gasification zone and the secondary air supplied to the burner are heated by the heat released by the gasification.
- the heating of the air is ensured by passing the primary air and the secondary air through passages provided in a multiple wall of the gasification chamber.
- EP-A-0 251 269 has the further disadvantage of transferring heat from the gasification zone since this can result in the extinction of the combustion of a fuel with a low calorific value, for example wet. This leads to constraints with regard to the composition of the fuel.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide an ecological heat treatment, more particularly gasification for incineration, of hospital waste and other solid waste containing fuels, ensuring reliable operation regardless of the experience of the personnel. and for a wide range of compositions, calorific values, and hygrometry of the waste, this process having more particularly to avoid to a large extent the agglomeration of the waste in the gasification chamber upstream of the gasification zone.
- the method for hot treating solid waste containing fuels, such as hospital waste comprising the steps according to which:
- a gasification zone is established in the gasification chamber by introducing an agent gasification containing oxygen in the gasification zone so that the waste moves in the chamber 'gasification successively towards the gasification zone to be successively gasified,
- gasification agent is introduced into the gasification chamber in a distributed manner, dividing it into at least a first and a second part ; the first part being injected into the gasification chamber to pass through the waste moving towards the gasification zone together with the movement of the waste in the chamber, and the second part of
- the gasification agent being sent through the gasification zone only.
- the device for implementing the method comprising a gasification chamber adapted to receive solid waste containing fuel such as hospital waste, admission means for introducing a gasification agent into the gasification chamber and outlet means for withdrawing gaseous gasification products from the gasification chamber, is characterized in that the inlet means for introducing a gasification agent are means for supplying the gasification agent so distributed in the gasification chamber, arranged relative to the outlet means for gaseous products so that a flow of said gasification agent is divided into at least a first and second part, the first part of the gasification agent passing successively through the waste moving in the gasification chamber towards the gasification zone, and the second part passing through the gasification zone only.
- the gasification chamber is subdivided into a drying zone and a gasification zone.
- a gasifying agent such as air
- a gasifying agent such as air
- the first part of the gasification agent flows successively through the drying and gasification zones together with the movement of the waste along the chamber.
- a second part of the gasification agent only crosses the gasification zone, in which the incombustible solid products such as ash, dross etc. are deposited.
- the waste passes through the chamber and feeds the gasification zone as it is consumed by the process.
- the gaseous products are preferably sent to a post-combustion chamber through orifices in a wall separating the gasification and post-combustion chambers. In the post-combustion chamber, they are completely oxidized in the presence of an excess of secondary air. The fumes are evacuated from the post-combustion chamber.
- the flow of the gasifying agent through the drying zone in accordance with the movement of the waste through the chamber promotes said displacement, entrains towards the gasification zone the aqueous vapors and other volatile components which are released in the zone of drying, and prevents the tars produced by the gasification from driving back to the drying area and condensing there. Such condensation could cause the waste being treated to agglomerate, and affect its porosity and friability.
- the process can use air as a gasifying agent.
- the method according to the invention is particularly effective for being implemented in small and highly reliable incinerators for thermally treating waste directly at the place of its production, for example in a hospital.
- the waste can be loaded directly into disposable containers (provided that these are flammable, for example the usual polyethylene bags), these containers also being incinerated along with the waste.
- the displacement of the waste towards the gasification zone can be promoted by a corresponding design and size of the gasification chamber, for example by making it flared downwards. You can also activate the movement by a sort of agitator.
- the volume of the post-combustion chamber is chosen so that when operating at the nominal capacity of the incinerator, the retention of smoke in the chamber exceeds the standard duration required, and under a temperature and an oxygen concentration exceeding the prescribed standard values. These standard times and values are those determined to guarantee the elimination of organic pollutants.
- the process can be initiated by a thermal pulse applied to the waste in the gasification zone and / or in the gasification agent flow by means of an additional heat source, for example an electric heater, the operation is interrupted when the gasification process has been established stably.
- Gasification and combustion are controlled by regulating the consumption of gasification agent and secondary air and by redistributing the gasification agent and secondary air between the corresponding intake orifices, as a function of the temperatures in the zone of gasification and in the post-combustion chamber.
- the temperatures are kept within the range, the lower limit of which is defined by the need to prevent the release of organic compounds, in particular dioxynes, in dangerous concentrations.
- the upper temperature limit can be defined by the thermal resistance of the materials constituting the incinerator.
- the feed rate of the gasification agent is reduced. If the temperature in the post-combustion chamber exceeds the upper limit, the secondary air supply rate is increased. If the waste has a low calorific value, the additional heat source can be kept in operation by regulating its power, even after initiation of the gasification process, so as to maintain the temperature above the lower limit.
- the incinerator can be provided with a control device comprising probes for temperature measurements in the gasification and post-combustion chambers, and means for controlling the corresponding feed rates and the distribution of the gasification agent and secondary air on the various means of admission to the chambers of the incinerator as a function of these temperatures.
- a control device comprising probes for temperature measurements in the gasification and post-combustion chambers, and means for controlling the corresponding feed rates and the distribution of the gasification agent and secondary air on the various means of admission to the chambers of the incinerator as a function of these temperatures.
- control can result from a factory setting, by simple mounting of corresponding gas conduits, having 'correlated cross sections.
- Heat recovery can be achieved by means of a heat exchanger mounted either directly in the post-combustion chamber or downstream from it in the flue gas flow path. Such preheating of the secondary air makes it possible to incinerate waste which gives off gases with low calorific value during gasification.
- the treatment of waste containing dangerous additives can also be followed by a step of purifying the fumes from the post-combustion chamber and / or the pyrolysis gases withdrawn from the gasification chamber. , to extract harmful gases therefrom using known techniques, for example by passing the gaseous products through one or more layers of limestone or other materials absorbing and neutralizing these pollutants. If the purification step relates to the pyrolysis gases, for example these are passed through a conduit containing said materials and connecting the gasification chamber to the post-combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber can be subdivided into separate volumes connected in series so that the fumes pass through them successively, one of these volumes is preferably arranged in a cyclone, the conduit leading to this volume being arranged to ensure a circular gas flow.
- a cyclone rids the gases of dust particles.
- the incinerator Before switching off the incinerator, when its gasification chamber is substantially empty of waste with the exception of the part of this chamber where the gasification zone is located, a supply of gasification agent is distributed so that the internal surfaces of the gasification chamber are heat treated for the purpose of disinfection.
- the gasification chamber is provided with an inlet for hot gasification agent.
- the heating of such a gasification agent can be provided in the same heat exchanger as that preheating the secondary air.
- the incinerator may be provided, in addition to a chimney for the fumes emerging from the combustion chamber, with a draft assistance device, for example an extractor fan or an ejector. This maintains a slight negative pressure in the gasification and post-combustion chambers, which will prevent gas leaks from them.
- FIG. 1 is an elevation diagram of an incinerator according to the invention, * and
- FIG. 2 is a diagram similar to Figure 1, but on a slightly reduced scale and relating to a variant, with a detail II seen from above.
- the incinerator of FIG. 1 comprises a vertically elongated gasification chamber 1 having an upper opening which is normally closed by a cover 21. When the cover is open, it is possible to introduce into the gasification chamber 1 22 waste, such as hospital waste in disposable plastic containers.
- the bottom of the gasification chamber is defined by a grid 8 through which the gasification chamber 1 is in fluid communication with an afterburner chamber 7, which in turn is in fluid communication with the outside through a chimney 23 for the fumes.
- the gasification chamber is provided with two intake ports 4, 5 for a gasification agent, namely air in the example.
- a first orifice 4 is relatively distant from the grid 8, while a second orifice 5 is closer to the grid 8.
- the flow of gasification agent in the gasification chamber is thus divided into a first part 24, going from the intake orifice 4 to the grid 8, and a second part 25 going from the second intake orifice 5 to the grid 8.
- An electric heater 11 is mounted in the post-combustion chamber 7 just below the grate 8.
- the heater 11 is operated to initiate the heating of the lower part of the waste 22, and the gasification agent is introduced through the intake ports 4 and 5. This starts the gasification of the lower part of the waste, after which the heater 11 can be switched off. As the successively lower parts of the waste are gasified, the other parts successively move by gravity towards the grid 8. A gasification zone 3 is thus established which is substantially stable in the gasification chamber against the grid 8, and the second inlet port 5 for the gasifying agent is thus positioned as the second part 25 of the gasification only flows through the gasification zone 3.
- the inlet 4 is positioned so that the first part 24 of the gasification agent penetrates into the gasification chamber well above the gasification 3, which establishes a drying zone 2 in which the volatile components, including water, released from the waste, are captured by the first flow of gasification agent and entrained with it in the gasification zone 3.
- the gasification gas products 6 emerging from the gasification zone 3 flow through the grid 8 into the post-combustion chamber 7.
- An intake orifice 9 is provided in the post-combustion chamber 7 in the vicinity of the grid 8 for injecting into the post-combustion chamber 7 a secondary oxidizing gas, such as air, so as to burn the gaseous gasification products in the post-combustion chamber.
- a secondary oxidizing gas such as air
- the heating 11 serves not only to initiate the gasification but also to initiate the combustion of the gasification gas products 6.
- the secondary air is introduced in an amount more than stoichiometric so that the fumes 10 in the post-combustion chamber 7 contain excess oxygen in proportion corresponding to the standards for decontamination of gases.
- the secondary air before being introduced into the post-combustion chamber 7 through the intake port 9, is heated through a heat exchanger 15 mounted in the post-combustion chamber 7 in the vicinity of its outlet. In the exchanger 15, the secondary air recovers heat from the fumes from the post-combustion chamber 7.
- the gasification chamber 1 is further provided with an additional inlet orifice 16 for introduce hot gasification agent 17 at a point remote from the grid 8, in the vicinity of the cover 21.
- the orifice 16 is supplied with gasification agent in the form of hot air available at the outlet of the heat exchanger 15, like the secondary air supplying the intake orifice 9.
- All the gas intake orifices 4, 5, 9, 16 are equipped with flow control means 14 connected to an automatic pilot device 12 which also controls the operation of the heating 11, and which is connected to temperature probes 13, one in the gasification chamber 1 and the other in the post-combustion chamber 7.
- the flow control means 14 of the additional intake port 16 is controlled to supply hot gasification agent to through the orifice 16 when the gasification chamber is almost empty because a batch of waste has been almost completely gasified, so as to disinfect by heat the internal surfaces of the gasification chamber.
- the heat exchanger 15 remains capable produce hot gasifier for port 16.
- a draft assistance device 18, in the form of an ejector, is mounted at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 7 to produce a certain vacuum in the entire incinerator, which avoids the risks noxious gas leak from the incinerator.
- a filter 37 consisting for example of one or more layers of limestone particles is also mounted in the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 7.
- the post-combustion chamber 7 is subdivided into two volumes 41, 42, which the fumes 10 pass through successively before leaving the chamber 7.
- the downstream volume 42 is arranged in a cyclone with a vertical axis so as to dust off the fumes.
- the gas conduit 43 through which the upstream volume 41 adjacent to the grid 8 communicates with the downstream volume 42 at an outlet opening directed in the circumferential direction of the volume 42 to generate the cyclone effect.
- the conduit 43 opens at the top of the volume 42.
- An outlet conduit 44 allowing the fumes to exit from the volume 42 has an opening close to the base of the volume 42 ′ and extends axially upward through the volume 42.
- the outer surface of the duct 44 serves as a rotation guide for the fumes 10 in the volume 42 around the duct 44.
- the heat exchanger 15 is placed downstream of the volume 42, between the latter and the ejector 18.
- a filter as 37 (Figure 1) has not been shown in Figure 2 but could also be expected.
- a sample of waste, imitating the composition of hospital waste (from the waste analysis of CHERNOGOLOVKA hospital, in the Moscow region, Russia) consisting of:
- the mass and density of the charged mixture were 1.65 kg and 190 kg / m 3 , respectively.
- the primary air was sent to the gasification chamber and the secondary air to the post-combustion chamber.
- the treatment time was 30 min.
- the temperatures in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber were approximately 700 to 800 ° C and respectively 900 to 1000 ° C; the temperature of the flue gases leaving the pos-combustion chamber (behind the heat exchanger) was less than 170 ° C.
- the weight of the noncombustible residues consisting of molten glass, foil and ash was 0.21 kg.
- the average ratio of air consumption through the two primary air intake ports in the gasification chamber was 2: 1, the highest consumption of gasification agent corresponding during most of the process to the consumption through the inlet in the gasification zone. But at the final stage of the process, this ratio was reversed to ensure disinfection of the chamber.
- the intake ports 4 and 16 of FIG. 1 were in fact a single port.
Landscapes
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT95924898T ATE184629T1 (de) | 1995-06-22 | 1995-06-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung von krankenhausabfällen und dergleichen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1995/002416 WO1996000266A1 (fr) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-06-22 | Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0837920A1 true EP0837920A1 (fr) | 1998-04-29 |
EP0837920B1 EP0837920B1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
Family
ID=8166044
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95924898A Expired - Lifetime EP0837920B1 (fr) | 1995-06-22 | 1995-06-22 | Procede et dispositif pour traiter a chaud des dechets hospitaliers et analogues |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0837920B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69512280T2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10132755B4 (de) * | 2001-07-10 | 2005-07-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Ermitteln des Kondensatanfalls in einem Kamin |
-
1995
- 1995-06-22 DE DE69512280T patent/DE69512280T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-22 EP EP95924898A patent/EP0837920B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9600266A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69512280D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
EP0837920B1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
DE69512280T2 (de) | 2000-05-11 |
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