EP0835947B1 - Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit - Google Patents

Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0835947B1
EP0835947B1 EP97402173A EP97402173A EP0835947B1 EP 0835947 B1 EP0835947 B1 EP 0835947B1 EP 97402173 A EP97402173 A EP 97402173A EP 97402173 A EP97402173 A EP 97402173A EP 0835947 B1 EP0835947 B1 EP 0835947B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
temperature
silicon
sheet
aluminium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97402173A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0835947A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Jean Krauth
Jean Philippe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sollac SA
Original Assignee
Sollac SA
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sollac SA, Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC filed Critical Sollac SA
Publication of EP0835947A1 publication Critical patent/EP0835947A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0835947B1 publication Critical patent/EP0835947B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/285—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath for remelting the coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of sheets aluminized.
  • It relates specifically to aluminized sheets whose layer coating consists of an aluminum-silicon alloy, used by example for making thermal screens of exhaust lines of motor vehicles.
  • a heat shield The purpose of a heat shield is to isolate the parts located behind him the heat source in front of him. So a screen must be able to absorb as little energy as possible, or in other words, to return the maximum. This translates into low emissivity of the constituent material, or in other words, reflectivity high.
  • the heat shields are therefore made of materials which, on the one hand, have sufficient mechanical characteristics, a good formability, good corrosion resistance, and other apart from low emissivity.
  • Such a sheet is for example a sheet of mild steel, coated on its two main faces of an aluminum-silicon alloy by passing through soaked in a molten bath of said alloy.
  • aluminized sheets have a low total emissivity, less than 0.2, and therefore a high reflectivity, greater than 80%.
  • This characteristic is maintained up to 450 ° C.
  • This material is therefore very interesting and widely used for walls interior of industrial or domestic ovens, heat reflectors on all household heaters, or to make heat shields for parties the warmest of the exhaust systems of motor vehicles.
  • Document JP 55085623 describes an aging treatment for a aluminized steel, at a temperature below the coating melting temperature.
  • the present invention aims to solve this handicap by having for object an aluminized sheet of which the coating layer consists of an alloy aluminum-silicon, with a low emissivity and usable as thermal screens heat sources with a temperature above 500 ° C, such as for example hottest parts of motor vehicle exhaust systems.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a steel sheet coated on at least one of its main faces with a layer of a coating made of an alloy with aluminum base comprising aluminum and silicon, with weight percent less than 11% silicon, essentially of the type comprising in weight percent between 7 and 11% silicon and between 87 and 93% aluminum, characterized in that the coated side has a monochromatic emissivity of less than 0.15 for all lengths waves between 1.5 and 15 micrometers.
  • the coated face has an emissivity monochromatic less than 0.10 for all wavelengths between 5 and 15 micrometers, and a monochromatic emissivity between 0.10 and 0.15 for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 5 micrometers.
  • the invention also relates to a heat shield made from such a sheet.
  • the coated face has an emissivity monochromatic less than 0.10 for all wavelengths between 5 and 15 micrometers, and a monochromatic emissivity between 0.10 and 0.15 for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 5 micrometers.
  • monochromatic emissivity should be understood as being the ratio between the luminance of the material considered at a length wave, on the luminance of a black body at this same length wave, and at the same temperature.
  • Such an aluminized steel sheet according to the invention is manufactured in many stages.
  • a first step is to develop a coated steel sheet on at least one of its main faces with a layer of a coating with solid state, consisting of an aluminum-based alloy comprising aluminum and silicon, with in weight percent less than 11% of silicon, of the type comprising in weight percent between 7 and 11% of silicon and between 87 and 93% aluminum.
  • a second step is to heat the coating layer up to a temperature T1, higher than the melting temperature T2 of said coating.
  • a coating based aluminum such as that described above, is in the form of aluminum dendrites with an interdendritic phase and a phase dentritic.
  • the interdendritic phase melts at a temperature below the dendritic phase, and the temperature T2 in question is the melting point of this interdendritic phase.
  • the coating layer is maintained at this temperature T1, or in any case higher than T2 for a period between 0 and 100 seconds, preferably of the order of 2 to 10 seconds.
  • the last step is to cool the sheet to a temperature at least equal to the end of alloy temperature between the coating and steel, and preferably up to a temperature equal to the ambient temperature.
  • This manufacturing process allows the coating to be remelted aluminized.
  • coated steel sheet on at least one of its main faces of a layer of a coating in the solid state, consisting of a aluminum-silicon alloy, of the type for example comprising in percent by weight between 7 and 11% of silicon and between 87 and 93% of aluminum, corresponding to the first step of the process of the invention, can be performed by dipping a steel substrate in a molten bath containing between 9 and 10% silicon, approximately 3% iron, the rest being aluminum, and cooling to a temperature below the coating melting temperature.
  • the aluminized steel sheet produced in the first step of the process has a coating layer in the state solid, i.e. it has been cooled to a temperature below the coating melting temperature.
  • this temperature is equal to the coating melting temperature minus a few degrees, for example minus 5 or 10 ° C, or equal to room temperature.
  • the temperature T1 reached by the sheet during heating carried out in the second stage of the process must imperatively be higher than the coating melting temperature T2, in order to ensure a reflow of the coating layer, to obtain the characteristics in emissivity of the sheet according to the invention.
  • this temperature T1 is between the melting temperature of the coating layer and 650 ° C.
  • This limit at 650 ° C allows on the one hand to limit the cost of second stage, and, on the other hand, has a beneficial effect on limiting the phenomenon of alloy between the coating and the steel.
  • This characteristic makes it possible to get rid of possible phenomena of slight temperature heterogeneities due to example to heterogeneities in thickness of the coating layer, or to heating process implemented.
  • the heating rate is advantageously between 20 and 100 ° C / second.
  • the third step in the process is to maintain the layer coating at this temperature T1 for a period between 0 and 5 seconds.
  • the temperature T1 reached by the coating layer during the heating stage is between the melting temperature of the layer of coating plus 10 ° C and the melting temperature of the coating layer plus 15 ° C, it is quite possible not to provide a holding level at this temperature T1. But keeping the coating layer at this temperature T1 does not harm the invention insofar as this level of hold does not exceed one hundred seconds.
  • the Applicant has realized that if we maintains this temperature T1 for a period greater than 100 seconds, the emissivity of the coating layer is increased too much to a substrate made of standard steel or titanium IF steel, the latter starting to grow from 10 seconds.
  • the appearance the alloying phenomenon being delayed due to the presence of nitrogen, the emissivity is not yet increased, but we note a surface finish oxidized, the aluminized sheet then having a whitish then yellowish appearance.
  • This curve was developed from an aluminized sheet consisting of a titanium IF steel substrate with a thickness of 0.3 mm, coated a layer of a coating comprising 9.5% silicon, 3% iron, the rest being aluminum, thickness equal to 20 micrometers.
  • This aluminized sheet at room temperature, was heated to bring the temperature T1 of the coating layer to 600 ° C., higher than the coating melting temperature T2, in this case 480 ° C in this example, and was maintained at 600 ° C.
  • the total emissivity of the layer of coating for wavelengths between 1.5 and 14.5 micrometers using a spectroradiometer.
  • This curve was developed from an aluminized sheet consisting of a renitrided steel substrate, having a nitrogen content higher than that of the previous titanium IF steel.
  • the coating layer and the heat treatment performed are identical to the previous ones.
  • the last step of the process therefore consists in cooling the sheet up to a temperature at least equal to the end of alloy temperature between the coating and the steel, preferably up to room temperature.
  • This cooling can be a natural air cooling free, forced cooling by radiation, or a forced air cooling.
  • Natural air cooling or forced by radiation in passing the coating layer near a refrigerated wall, ideal for this first stage of cooling.
  • Forced cooling for example with air, at least between the coating melting temperature and the end temperature between the coating and the steel, helps limit this phenomenon of alliance.
  • the Applicant has realized that the aluminized sheet obtained with this process not only presents a total emissivity more weak than that of a usual aluminized sheet, such as from the first process step, but also a monochromatic emissivity substantially equal for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 15 micrometers.
  • Figure 1 represents the spectral emissivity of an aluminized sheet B according to the invention, and of an aluminized sheet A of the state of the art.
  • the first curve representing the spectral emissivity of a aluminized sheet A of the prior art, was produced from a sheet aluminized made of a titanium IF steel substrate with a thickness equal to 0.3 mm, coated with a layer of a coating comprising 9.5% silicon, 3% of iron, the rest being aluminum, thickness equal to 20 micrometers.
  • the monochromatic emissivity of this sheet is greater than 0.35 for wavelengths between 2 and 3.6 micrometers, and is less than 0.15 only for wavelengths greater than 7.5 micrometers, while remaining greater than 0.07.
  • a heat shield made from such a sheet aluminized will be perfectly suited to isolate sources whose energy maximum emission radiative concerns wavelengths greater than 7.5 micrometers, corresponding to the gray bodies to which we can assimilate the exhaust lines at temperatures below 500 ° C.
  • the heat shield effect will be degraded in the case sources with emitted wavelengths less than 7.5 micrometers, corresponding for exhaust lines to temperatures above 500 ° C, i.e. the hottest such as for example the catalyst.
  • the second curve representing the spectral emissivity of a aluminized sheet according to the invention (B), was produced from a sheet aluminized made of a titanium IF steel substrate with a thickness equal to 0.3 mm, coated with a layer of a coating comprising 9.5% silicon, 3% of iron, the rest being aluminum, thickness equal to 20 micrometers.
  • This aluminized sheet cooled to room temperature, has undergone a reheating to 600 ° C, maintaining at this temperature for 5 seconds, then natural cooling to room temperature.
  • the monochromatic emissivity of this aluminized sheet according to the invention is less than 0.15 for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 15 micrometers, and more precisely between 0.10 and 0.15 for wavelengths between 1.5 and 4.5, between 0.07 and 0.10 for lengths waves between 4.5 and 6.5, and less than 0.7 for the lengths waves greater than 6.5.
  • a heat shield made from such a sheet aluminized according to the invention will be perfectly suited to isolate from sources the maximum emission radiative energy of which concerns wavelengths between 1.5 and 15 micrometers, i.e. for the entire spectrum corresponding to infrared.
  • Such an aluminized sheet according to the invention is therefore perfectly suitable for making heat shields, whatever the temperature reached by the thermal source to be isolated, and therefore in the case of lines exhaust for all parts of such a line, even the most hot.
  • This aluminized sheet according to the invention has in terms emissivity, values barely higher than that of aluminum, greater on the order of 0.02 to 0.03 for the wavelengths included between 5.5 and 15 micrometers, and higher on the order of 0.03 to 0.05 for wavelengths between 1.5 and 5.5 micrometers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP97402173A 1996-10-10 1997-09-19 Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit Expired - Lifetime EP0835947B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9612318A FR2754544B1 (fr) 1996-10-10 1996-10-10 Tole aluminiee a faible emissivite
FR9612318 1996-10-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0835947A1 EP0835947A1 (fr) 1998-04-15
EP0835947B1 true EP0835947B1 (fr) 2001-08-29

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EP97402173A Expired - Lifetime EP0835947B1 (fr) 1996-10-10 1997-09-19 Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit

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Country Link
US (1) US6207299B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP0835947B1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE204926T1 (pt)
CA (1) CA2218445C (pt)
DE (1) DE69706387T2 (pt)
ES (1) ES2162216T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR2754544B1 (pt)
PT (1) PT835947E (pt)

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EP3198276B1 (en) 2014-09-24 2023-09-20 Exscientia GmbH Monolayer of pbmcs or bone-marrow cells and uses thereof
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69706387D1 (de) 2001-10-04
ES2162216T3 (es) 2001-12-16
CA2218445A1 (fr) 1998-04-10
PT835947E (pt) 2002-02-28
ATE204926T1 (de) 2001-09-15
FR2754544B1 (fr) 1998-11-06
EP0835947A1 (fr) 1998-04-15
CA2218445C (fr) 2006-01-24
DE69706387T2 (de) 2002-06-13
US6207299B1 (en) 2001-03-27
FR2754544A1 (fr) 1998-04-17

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