EP0835947B1 - Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit - Google Patents
Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0835947B1 EP0835947B1 EP97402173A EP97402173A EP0835947B1 EP 0835947 B1 EP0835947 B1 EP 0835947B1 EP 97402173 A EP97402173 A EP 97402173A EP 97402173 A EP97402173 A EP 97402173A EP 0835947 B1 EP0835947 B1 EP 0835947B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- temperature
- silicon
- sheet
- aluminium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/285—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath for remelting the coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12757—Fe
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of sheets aluminized.
- It relates specifically to aluminized sheets whose layer coating consists of an aluminum-silicon alloy, used by example for making thermal screens of exhaust lines of motor vehicles.
- a heat shield The purpose of a heat shield is to isolate the parts located behind him the heat source in front of him. So a screen must be able to absorb as little energy as possible, or in other words, to return the maximum. This translates into low emissivity of the constituent material, or in other words, reflectivity high.
- the heat shields are therefore made of materials which, on the one hand, have sufficient mechanical characteristics, a good formability, good corrosion resistance, and other apart from low emissivity.
- Such a sheet is for example a sheet of mild steel, coated on its two main faces of an aluminum-silicon alloy by passing through soaked in a molten bath of said alloy.
- aluminized sheets have a low total emissivity, less than 0.2, and therefore a high reflectivity, greater than 80%.
- This characteristic is maintained up to 450 ° C.
- This material is therefore very interesting and widely used for walls interior of industrial or domestic ovens, heat reflectors on all household heaters, or to make heat shields for parties the warmest of the exhaust systems of motor vehicles.
- Document JP 55085623 describes an aging treatment for a aluminized steel, at a temperature below the coating melting temperature.
- the present invention aims to solve this handicap by having for object an aluminized sheet of which the coating layer consists of an alloy aluminum-silicon, with a low emissivity and usable as thermal screens heat sources with a temperature above 500 ° C, such as for example hottest parts of motor vehicle exhaust systems.
- the invention relates more particularly to a steel sheet coated on at least one of its main faces with a layer of a coating made of an alloy with aluminum base comprising aluminum and silicon, with weight percent less than 11% silicon, essentially of the type comprising in weight percent between 7 and 11% silicon and between 87 and 93% aluminum, characterized in that the coated side has a monochromatic emissivity of less than 0.15 for all lengths waves between 1.5 and 15 micrometers.
- the coated face has an emissivity monochromatic less than 0.10 for all wavelengths between 5 and 15 micrometers, and a monochromatic emissivity between 0.10 and 0.15 for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 5 micrometers.
- the invention also relates to a heat shield made from such a sheet.
- the coated face has an emissivity monochromatic less than 0.10 for all wavelengths between 5 and 15 micrometers, and a monochromatic emissivity between 0.10 and 0.15 for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 5 micrometers.
- monochromatic emissivity should be understood as being the ratio between the luminance of the material considered at a length wave, on the luminance of a black body at this same length wave, and at the same temperature.
- Such an aluminized steel sheet according to the invention is manufactured in many stages.
- a first step is to develop a coated steel sheet on at least one of its main faces with a layer of a coating with solid state, consisting of an aluminum-based alloy comprising aluminum and silicon, with in weight percent less than 11% of silicon, of the type comprising in weight percent between 7 and 11% of silicon and between 87 and 93% aluminum.
- a second step is to heat the coating layer up to a temperature T1, higher than the melting temperature T2 of said coating.
- a coating based aluminum such as that described above, is in the form of aluminum dendrites with an interdendritic phase and a phase dentritic.
- the interdendritic phase melts at a temperature below the dendritic phase, and the temperature T2 in question is the melting point of this interdendritic phase.
- the coating layer is maintained at this temperature T1, or in any case higher than T2 for a period between 0 and 100 seconds, preferably of the order of 2 to 10 seconds.
- the last step is to cool the sheet to a temperature at least equal to the end of alloy temperature between the coating and steel, and preferably up to a temperature equal to the ambient temperature.
- This manufacturing process allows the coating to be remelted aluminized.
- coated steel sheet on at least one of its main faces of a layer of a coating in the solid state, consisting of a aluminum-silicon alloy, of the type for example comprising in percent by weight between 7 and 11% of silicon and between 87 and 93% of aluminum, corresponding to the first step of the process of the invention, can be performed by dipping a steel substrate in a molten bath containing between 9 and 10% silicon, approximately 3% iron, the rest being aluminum, and cooling to a temperature below the coating melting temperature.
- the aluminized steel sheet produced in the first step of the process has a coating layer in the state solid, i.e. it has been cooled to a temperature below the coating melting temperature.
- this temperature is equal to the coating melting temperature minus a few degrees, for example minus 5 or 10 ° C, or equal to room temperature.
- the temperature T1 reached by the sheet during heating carried out in the second stage of the process must imperatively be higher than the coating melting temperature T2, in order to ensure a reflow of the coating layer, to obtain the characteristics in emissivity of the sheet according to the invention.
- this temperature T1 is between the melting temperature of the coating layer and 650 ° C.
- This limit at 650 ° C allows on the one hand to limit the cost of second stage, and, on the other hand, has a beneficial effect on limiting the phenomenon of alloy between the coating and the steel.
- This characteristic makes it possible to get rid of possible phenomena of slight temperature heterogeneities due to example to heterogeneities in thickness of the coating layer, or to heating process implemented.
- the heating rate is advantageously between 20 and 100 ° C / second.
- the third step in the process is to maintain the layer coating at this temperature T1 for a period between 0 and 5 seconds.
- the temperature T1 reached by the coating layer during the heating stage is between the melting temperature of the layer of coating plus 10 ° C and the melting temperature of the coating layer plus 15 ° C, it is quite possible not to provide a holding level at this temperature T1. But keeping the coating layer at this temperature T1 does not harm the invention insofar as this level of hold does not exceed one hundred seconds.
- the Applicant has realized that if we maintains this temperature T1 for a period greater than 100 seconds, the emissivity of the coating layer is increased too much to a substrate made of standard steel or titanium IF steel, the latter starting to grow from 10 seconds.
- the appearance the alloying phenomenon being delayed due to the presence of nitrogen, the emissivity is not yet increased, but we note a surface finish oxidized, the aluminized sheet then having a whitish then yellowish appearance.
- This curve was developed from an aluminized sheet consisting of a titanium IF steel substrate with a thickness of 0.3 mm, coated a layer of a coating comprising 9.5% silicon, 3% iron, the rest being aluminum, thickness equal to 20 micrometers.
- This aluminized sheet at room temperature, was heated to bring the temperature T1 of the coating layer to 600 ° C., higher than the coating melting temperature T2, in this case 480 ° C in this example, and was maintained at 600 ° C.
- the total emissivity of the layer of coating for wavelengths between 1.5 and 14.5 micrometers using a spectroradiometer.
- This curve was developed from an aluminized sheet consisting of a renitrided steel substrate, having a nitrogen content higher than that of the previous titanium IF steel.
- the coating layer and the heat treatment performed are identical to the previous ones.
- the last step of the process therefore consists in cooling the sheet up to a temperature at least equal to the end of alloy temperature between the coating and the steel, preferably up to room temperature.
- This cooling can be a natural air cooling free, forced cooling by radiation, or a forced air cooling.
- Natural air cooling or forced by radiation in passing the coating layer near a refrigerated wall, ideal for this first stage of cooling.
- Forced cooling for example with air, at least between the coating melting temperature and the end temperature between the coating and the steel, helps limit this phenomenon of alliance.
- the Applicant has realized that the aluminized sheet obtained with this process not only presents a total emissivity more weak than that of a usual aluminized sheet, such as from the first process step, but also a monochromatic emissivity substantially equal for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 15 micrometers.
- Figure 1 represents the spectral emissivity of an aluminized sheet B according to the invention, and of an aluminized sheet A of the state of the art.
- the first curve representing the spectral emissivity of a aluminized sheet A of the prior art, was produced from a sheet aluminized made of a titanium IF steel substrate with a thickness equal to 0.3 mm, coated with a layer of a coating comprising 9.5% silicon, 3% of iron, the rest being aluminum, thickness equal to 20 micrometers.
- the monochromatic emissivity of this sheet is greater than 0.35 for wavelengths between 2 and 3.6 micrometers, and is less than 0.15 only for wavelengths greater than 7.5 micrometers, while remaining greater than 0.07.
- a heat shield made from such a sheet aluminized will be perfectly suited to isolate sources whose energy maximum emission radiative concerns wavelengths greater than 7.5 micrometers, corresponding to the gray bodies to which we can assimilate the exhaust lines at temperatures below 500 ° C.
- the heat shield effect will be degraded in the case sources with emitted wavelengths less than 7.5 micrometers, corresponding for exhaust lines to temperatures above 500 ° C, i.e. the hottest such as for example the catalyst.
- the second curve representing the spectral emissivity of a aluminized sheet according to the invention (B), was produced from a sheet aluminized made of a titanium IF steel substrate with a thickness equal to 0.3 mm, coated with a layer of a coating comprising 9.5% silicon, 3% of iron, the rest being aluminum, thickness equal to 20 micrometers.
- This aluminized sheet cooled to room temperature, has undergone a reheating to 600 ° C, maintaining at this temperature for 5 seconds, then natural cooling to room temperature.
- the monochromatic emissivity of this aluminized sheet according to the invention is less than 0.15 for all wavelengths between 1.5 and 15 micrometers, and more precisely between 0.10 and 0.15 for wavelengths between 1.5 and 4.5, between 0.07 and 0.10 for lengths waves between 4.5 and 6.5, and less than 0.7 for the lengths waves greater than 6.5.
- a heat shield made from such a sheet aluminized according to the invention will be perfectly suited to isolate from sources the maximum emission radiative energy of which concerns wavelengths between 1.5 and 15 micrometers, i.e. for the entire spectrum corresponding to infrared.
- Such an aluminized sheet according to the invention is therefore perfectly suitable for making heat shields, whatever the temperature reached by the thermal source to be isolated, and therefore in the case of lines exhaust for all parts of such a line, even the most hot.
- This aluminized sheet according to the invention has in terms emissivity, values barely higher than that of aluminum, greater on the order of 0.02 to 0.03 for the wavelengths included between 5.5 and 15 micrometers, and higher on the order of 0.03 to 0.05 for wavelengths between 1.5 and 5.5 micrometers.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
- une couche de surface de composition voisine de celle du bain,
- une couche sous-jascente d'alliage ternaire, ayant la composition suivante Fe3Si2Al12.
- élaboration d'une tôle d'acier revêtue sur au moins une de ses faces principales d'une couche d'un revêtement à l'état solide, constitué d'un alliage à base d'aluminium comportant de l'aluminium et du silicium, avec en pour-cent pondéraux moins de 11 % de silicium, du type comportant en pour-cent pondéraux entre 7 et 11 % de silicium et entre 87 et 93 % d'aluminium,
- chauffage de la couche de revêtement jusqu'à une température T1, supérieure à la température T2 de fusion dudit revêtement,
- maintien de la couche de revêtement à ce niveau de température supérieure à la température de fusion du revêtement pendant une durée comprise entre 0 et 100 secondes, de préférence entre 0 et 10 secondes,
- refroidissement de la tôle jusqu'à une température au moins égale à la température de fin d'alliation entre le revêtement et l'acier, de préférence jusqu'à la température ambiante.
- la température de chauffage T1 est comprise entre la température de fusion de la couche de revêtement et 650°C ;
- la température T1 est supérieure, entre 10 et 15°C, à la température de fusion de la couche de revêtement ;
- le chauffage de la couche de revêtement est effectué à une vitesse comprise entre 20 et 100°C par seconde ;
- le refroidissement de la tôle est un refroidissement naturel à l'air libre, ou un refroidissement forcé par rayonnement ;
- le refroidissement de la tôle est un refroidissement forcé à l'air ;
- le refroidissement de la tôle s'effectue en au moins deux étapes comprenant :
- un refroidissement naturel jusqu'à la température T2 de fusion du revêtement,
- puis un refroidissement forcé à l'air jusqu'à la température de fin d'alliation entre le revêtement et l'acier ;
- la tôle d'acier revêtue sur au moins une de ses faces principales d'une couche d'un revêtement à l'état solide, constitué d'un alliage à base d'aluminium, du type comportant de l'aluminium et du silicium, avec en pour-cent pondéraux moins de 11 % de silicium, est élaborée par trempage d'un substrat d'acier dans un bain en fusion contenant entre 9 et 10 % de silicium, environ 3 % de fer, le reste étant de l'aluminium, et refroidissement jusqu'à une température inférieure à la température de fusion du revêtement.
- la figure 1 est une courbe représentant l'émissivité spectrale d'une tôle aluminiée B selon l'invention, et d'une tôle aluminiée A de l'état de la technique ;
- les figures 2 et 3 sont des courbes représentant l'effet du chauffage d'une tôle aluminiée selon l'invention sur son émissivité.
- un refroidissement naturel entre la température T1 et la température de fusion du revêtement,
- un refroidissement forcé à l'air entre la température de fusion du revêtement et la température de fin d'alliation entre le revêtement et l'acier.
Claims (12)
- Tôle d'acier revêtue sur au moins une de ses faces principales d'une couche d'un revêtement constitué d'un alliage à base d'aluminium, du type comportant de l'aluminium et du silicium, avec en pour-cent pondéraux moins de 11 % de silicium, caractérisé en ce que la face revêtue présente une émissivité monochromatique inférieure à 0,15 pour toutes les longueurs d'ondes comprises entre 1,5 et 15 micromètres.
- Tôle d'acier revêtue selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la face revêtue présente une émissivité monochromatique inférieure à 0,10 pour toutes les longueurs d'ondes comprises entre 5 et 15 micromètres, et une émissivité monochromatique comprise entre 0,10 et 0,15 pour toutes les longueurs d'ondes comprises entre 1,5 et 5 micromètres.
- Tôle d'acier revêtue selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement est constituée d'un alliage à base d'aluminium comportant en pour-cent pondéraux entre 7 et 11 % de silicium et entre 87 et 93 % d'aluminium.
- Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle d'acier revêtue sur au moins une de ses faces principales d'une couche d'un revêtement constitué d'un alliage à base d'aluminium, du type comportant de l'aluminium et du silicium, avec en pour-cent pondéraux moins de 11 % de silicium, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :élaboration d'une tôle d'acier revêtue sur au moins une de ses faces principales d'une couche d'un revêtement à l'état solide, constitué d'un alliage à base d'aluminium, du type comportant de l'aluminium et du silicium, avec en pour-cent pondéraux moins de 11 % de silicium,chauffage de la couche de revêtement jusqu'à une température (T1), supérieure à la température (T2) de fusion dudit revêtement,maintien de la couche de revêtement à ce niveau de température supérieure à la température T2 de fusion du revêtement, pendant une durée comprise entre 0 et 100 secondes, de préférence entre 0 et 10 secondes.- refroidissement de la tôle jusqu'à une température au moins égale à la température de fin d'alliation entre le revêtement et l'acier, de préférence jusqu'à la température ambiante.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la température de chauffage (T1) est comprise entre la température (T2) de fusion de la couche de revêtement et 650°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la température de chauffage (T1) est supérieure de 10 à 15°C à la température (T2) de fusion de la couche de revêtement.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage de la couche de revêtement est effectué avec une vitesse comprise entre 20 et 100°C par seconde.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement de la tôle est un refroidissement naturel à l'air libre, ou un refroidissement forcé par rayonnement.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement de la tôle est un refroidissement forcé à l'air.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement de la tôle s'effectue en au moins deux étapes comprenant :un refroidissement naturel jusqu'à la température de fusion du revêtement,puis un refroidissement forcé à l'air jusqu'à la température de fin d'alliation entre le revêtement et l'acier.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier revêtue sur au moins une de ses faces principales d'une couche d'un revêtement à l'état solide, constitué d'un alliage à base d'aluminium, du type comportant de l'aluminium et du silicium, avec en pour-cent pondéraux moins de 11 % de silicium, est élaborée par trempage d'un substrat d'acier dans un bain en fusion contenant entre 9 et 10 % de silicium, environ 3 % de fer, le reste étant de l'aluminium, et refroidissement jusqu'à une température inférieure à la température (T2) de fusion du revêtement.
- Ecran thermique, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué à partir d'un flan de tôle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9612318 | 1996-10-10 | ||
FR9612318A FR2754544B1 (fr) | 1996-10-10 | 1996-10-10 | Tole aluminiee a faible emissivite |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0835947A1 EP0835947A1 (fr) | 1998-04-15 |
EP0835947B1 true EP0835947B1 (fr) | 2001-08-29 |
Family
ID=9496506
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97402173A Expired - Lifetime EP0835947B1 (fr) | 1996-10-10 | 1997-09-19 | Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6207299B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0835947B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE204926T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2218445C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69706387T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2162216T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2754544B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT835947E (fr) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19721796A1 (de) * | 1997-05-24 | 1998-12-03 | Audi Ag | Kraftfahrzeugbauteil |
US20030003492A1 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2003-01-02 | Miller Benjamin L. | Colorimetric nanocrystal sensors, methods of making, and use thereof |
US6647715B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-11-18 | Van-Rob Stampings Inc. | Heat shield for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine |
US6854487B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-15 | General Electric Company | Fluid conduit wall inhibiting heat transfer and method for making |
JP4189350B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2008-12-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | チタン材、その製造方法および排気管 |
EP1702020B1 (fr) | 2003-12-12 | 2016-04-06 | Life Technologies Corporation | Préparation de nanoparticules stables et larges présentant des propriétés mises en oeuvre selon la composition |
KR100621308B1 (ko) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-09-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 다중 파장에서 발광하는 황화 카드뮴 나노 결정의 제조방법 및 그에 의해 수득된 황화 카드뮴 나노 결정 |
EP1666784B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-06 | 2009-02-25 | General Electric Company | Paroi d'un conduit de fluide inhibant le transfert de chaleur et procédé de fabrication |
US20080041501A1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2008-02-21 | Commonwealth Industries, Inc. | Aluminum automotive heat shields |
US7682789B2 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2010-03-23 | Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. | Method for quantifying biomolecules conjugated to a nanoparticle |
EP2995925B1 (fr) | 2008-06-05 | 2021-12-15 | Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. | Composition de traitement histochimique |
WO2010040109A2 (fr) | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-08 | Life Technologies Corporation | Procédés de préparation de nanocristaux reposant sur l'utilisation d'un agent de transfert d'électrons faible et de précurseurs de coque non appariés |
WO2010048581A2 (fr) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | Life Technologies Corporation | Nanoparticules stables et procédés de production et d'utilisation de ces particules |
SE533481C2 (sv) * | 2009-02-17 | 2010-10-05 | Absolicon Solar Concentrator Ab | Receiver för PV/T solenergisystem |
USPP22463P3 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2012-01-17 | Menachem Bornstein | Gypsophila plant named ‘Pearl Blossom’ |
PT2596119T (pt) | 2010-07-23 | 2021-06-18 | Astellas Inst For Regenerative Medicine | Métodos para a deteção de subpopulações raras de células e composições de células altamente purificadas |
WO2012092178A1 (fr) | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | Life Technologies Corporation | Préparation de nanocristaux avec des mélanges de ligands organiques |
US9950382B2 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2018-04-24 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Method for a fabricated heat shield with rails and studs mounted on the cold side of a combustor heat shield |
EP4306636A3 (fr) | 2014-09-24 | 2024-04-17 | Exscientia GmbH | Monocouche de cmsp ou de cellules de moelle osseuse et utilisations associées |
BR112018009497B1 (pt) * | 2015-11-13 | 2022-05-31 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Cabo elétrico, e, processo para fabricar um cabo elétrico |
US10549482B2 (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2020-02-04 | Spm Automation (Canada) Inc. | Limiting dispersion of IR radiation from a heater element during plastic welding |
WO2018115914A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Arcelormittal | Procédé de fabrication de pièces en acier aluminié formées par pressage à chaud |
EP3367098A1 (fr) | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-29 | CeMM - Forschungszentrum für Molekulare Medizin GmbH | Procédés permettant de déterminer l'interaction entre des cellules biologiques |
SG11202002570WA (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2020-04-29 | Cemm Forschungszentrum Fuer Molekulare Medizin Gmbh | Methods for determining selectivity of test compounds |
DE102019100140A1 (de) | 2019-01-04 | 2020-07-09 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Aluminiumbasierte Beschichtung für Stahlflachprodukte zur Pressformhärtung von Bauteilen und Verfahren zur Herstellung hierzu |
US11802603B2 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2023-10-31 | Goodrich Corporation | High thermal conductivity heat shield |
DE102020127784A1 (de) | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Bauteils sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
WO2024105137A1 (fr) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-05-23 | Eth Zurich | Monocouches de cellules séchées à l'air et leurs procédés de préparation |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6048570B2 (ja) * | 1978-12-25 | 1985-10-28 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 連続溶融アルミニウムメツキ鋼板の連続過時効処理法 |
US4546051A (en) * | 1982-07-08 | 1985-10-08 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Aluminum coated steel sheet and process for producing the same |
US4628004A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1986-12-09 | Inland Steel Company | Powder metal and/or refractory coated ferrous metal |
US4678717A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1987-07-07 | Inland Steel Company | Powder metal and/or refractory coated ferrous metals |
US4517229A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-05-14 | Inland Steel Company | Diffusion treated hot-dip aluminum coated steel and method of treating |
US4542048A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-09-17 | Inland Steel Company | Powder metal and/or refractory coated ferrous metals |
US4655852A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1987-04-07 | Rallis Anthony T | Method of making aluminized strengthened steel |
US4629865A (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1986-12-16 | Raytheon Company | Electric oven with improved broiler |
JPS6250454A (ja) * | 1985-08-28 | 1987-03-05 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 高温におけるめつき層光沢保持特性に優れた溶融a1めつき鋼板の製造法 |
JPH05287492A (ja) * | 1992-04-07 | 1993-11-02 | Nippon Steel Corp | 耐食性、耐熱性に優れた合金化溶融アルミめっき鋼板 |
BE1007793A6 (fr) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-10-24 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede et installation de traitement continu d'une bande d'acier galvanisee. |
-
1996
- 1996-10-10 FR FR9612318A patent/FR2754544B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-19 AT AT97402173T patent/ATE204926T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-19 DE DE69706387T patent/DE69706387T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-19 PT PT97402173T patent/PT835947E/pt unknown
- 1997-09-19 EP EP97402173A patent/EP0835947B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-19 ES ES97402173T patent/ES2162216T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-03 US US08/943,282 patent/US6207299B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-08 CA CA002218445A patent/CA2218445C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT835947E (pt) | 2002-02-28 |
CA2218445C (fr) | 2006-01-24 |
US6207299B1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
ES2162216T3 (es) | 2001-12-16 |
EP0835947A1 (fr) | 1998-04-15 |
ATE204926T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
FR2754544A1 (fr) | 1998-04-17 |
DE69706387D1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
DE69706387T2 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
CA2218445A1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 |
FR2754544B1 (fr) | 1998-11-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0835947B1 (fr) | Tole aluminiée à faible émissivité et procédé pour obtenir ledit produit | |
CA2649491C (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une piece soudee a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques a partir d'une tole laminee et revetue | |
EP1999287B1 (fr) | Procede de recuit et de preparation en continu d'une bande d'acier a haute resistance en vue de sa galvanisation au trempe | |
EP1943368B1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une piece a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques a partir d'une tole laminee et revetue | |
EP1013785B2 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à partir d'une bande de tôle d'acier laminée à chaud | |
CA2843169C (fr) | Piece d'acier soudee mise en forme a chaud a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication | |
CA2547801C (fr) | Procede de brasage de bandes en alliage d'aluminium | |
CA2343340C (fr) | Procede de realisation d'une piece a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques, mise en forme par emboutissage, a partir d'une bande de tole d'acier laminee et notamment laminee a chaud et revetue | |
EP2839049B1 (fr) | Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle, procédé de fabrication d'une pièce par mise en oeuvre d'une telle tôle et pièce ainsi obtenue | |
EP2893047A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication de pièces d'acier revêtues et durcies a la presse, et tôles prérevêtues permettant la fabrication de ces pièces | |
FR2935397A1 (fr) | Alliage d'aluminium al-mg soudable et tres resistant, et produit en un tel alliage | |
WO2015181318A1 (fr) | Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle comprenant du lanthane | |
EP0676379B1 (fr) | Technique de fabrication d'une plaque de verre revêtue d'une couche d'argent semi-réfléchissante | |
EP1534869B1 (fr) | Acier a tres haute resistance mecanique et procede de fabrication d une feuille de cet acier revetue de zinc ou d alliag e de zinc | |
EP0939141B1 (fr) | Tôle dotée d'un revêtement d'aluminium résistant à la fissuration | |
CH699832B1 (fr) | Tôle en alliage d'aluminium pour automobiles, pièce façonnée à partir de cette tôle, procédé de production de cette tôle et procédé de fabrication de cette pièce. | |
FR2828498A1 (fr) | Produit corroye en alliage d'aluminium et de magnesium, et structure soudee et reservoir comportant un tel produit | |
EP1118457B1 (fr) | Pièce bimétallique en alliage d'aluminium comportant un insert massif en titane ou alliage de titane | |
FR2758571A1 (fr) | Tole d'acier munie d'un revetement a base d'aluminium | |
FR2676017A1 (fr) | Procede pour renforcer la surface d'une piece mecanique a base d'aluminium et applications a la realisation de pieces pour moteur a combustion. | |
BE439838A (fr) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES FI FR GB IT LU NL PT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19981015 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: AT BE DE DK ES FI FR GB IT LU NL PT SE |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES FI FR GB IT LU NL PT SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20000403 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: ALUMINIZED SHEET WITH POOR EMISSIVITY AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE SAME |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES FI FR GB IT LU NL PT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20010829 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 204926 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 20010915 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69706387 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20011004 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20011129 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20011117 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2162216 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: SC4A Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION Effective date: 20011113 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20070913 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20070912 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20070919 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20070905 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20070903 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20071001 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20070926 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20071024 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20071121 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20070914 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: MM4A Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES Effective date: 20090319 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: S.A. *SOLLAC Effective date: 20080930 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20080919 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090319 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090401 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20090401 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20090529 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080919 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090401 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080919 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080930 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20080920 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080919 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20070918 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080920 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080919 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080920 |