EP0834043A1 - Flow control, specially for an instantaneous water heater - Google Patents

Flow control, specially for an instantaneous water heater

Info

Publication number
EP0834043A1
EP0834043A1 EP95923262A EP95923262A EP0834043A1 EP 0834043 A1 EP0834043 A1 EP 0834043A1 EP 95923262 A EP95923262 A EP 95923262A EP 95923262 A EP95923262 A EP 95923262A EP 0834043 A1 EP0834043 A1 EP 0834043A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
gas
shaft
lever
carrying housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95923262A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0834043B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Schulze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maxitrol GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Mertik Maxitrol GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mertik Maxitrol GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Mertik Maxitrol GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0834043A1 publication Critical patent/EP0834043A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0834043B1 publication Critical patent/EP0834043B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
    • F23N1/087—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/20—Membrane valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2511—Fuel controlled by boiler or water system condition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus of the kind used in particular for a once-through water heater for controlling the gas passage as a function of the through-water.
  • the valve has a gas-carrying housing, a water-carrying housing and a mechanical transmission which first controls a control movement dependent on the water flow and preferably brought about by a Venturi nozzle accommodated in the water-carrying housing and a membrane, from the interior of the water-carrying housing to the outside and so on - then transmits from there into the gas-carrying housing to a valve controlling the gas quantity.
  • Such fittings rar flow water heaters usually consist of a gas and a water part.
  • the gas control is operated by a hydraulic actuator, which, depending on the amount of water flowing through, generates a certain stroke for controlling the amount of gas.
  • the stroke usually begins at a certain minimum amount, which is determined by the minimum amount of gas necessary to ignite the burner, and ends with a certain maximum amount, which is determined by the technical design of the gas burner and the heat exchanger.
  • a control device which has a membrane through which the switch housing is subdivided into chambers which are connected via lines with parts of the liquid line, which go back and forth ter a throttle, communicate.
  • a gas pressure switch which has a valve with a valve body which is moved by a further membrane. The membrane is controlled by a throttle in a gas supply line leading to the burner.
  • the control device is connected via a rod to a valve body belonging to the throttle.
  • a control device referred to as a flow switch in the water part, which serves as a water shortage protection.
  • This flow switch has a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber, both of which are separated from one another by a membrane.
  • the membrane is supported on a membrane plate, which is firmly connected to a plunger, which in turn is guided out of the low-pressure chamber in a sealed manner.
  • the diaphragm, diaphragm plate and tappet form the hydraulic actuator for a gas quantity control valve arranged in the gas part.
  • the invention is based on the problem of developing a fitting of the type mentioned, in which the formation of limescale deposits on the plunger protruding from the water-carrying housing is reduced and the influence of such limescale deposits on the control behavior, as described in detail above, completely is turned off.
  • the problem is solved in that the control movement of the membrane is transmitted to a lever in the water-carrying housing, the fulcrum of which forms a shaft which is firmly connected to this lever, is mounted in a sealed manner and leads to the outside of the water-conducting housing.
  • the shaft is also the fulcrum for a second lever that is also firmly connected to it.
  • the sealing element required for the sealing usually an O-ring
  • the sealing element required for the sealing usually an O-ring
  • Axial movement no longer occurs in the sealing area. This eliminates the transport of water particles from the water-bearing space and the associated negative consequences. Even if there is a leakage flow despite that between the water-bearing housing and If the seal located on the shaft should occur and limescale deposits form on the outer end of the shaft, these have no influence on the bearing friction and the control behavior.
  • Another advantage is that the influence of water pressure on the gas flow rate in the prior art described; The reason for this is the force component of the water pressure acting on the cross section of the ram; be eliminated in the solution according to the invention.
  • the valve according to the invention is advantageously designed such that the second lever is connected in one piece to the shaft outside the water-carrying housing.
  • the resulting stroke movement of the second lever is then transmitted in a manner known per se through a plunger, which is sealed in the gas-carrying housing, to a valve controlling the gas quantity.
  • a push rod element can additionally be arranged between the second lever and the plunger, whereby an adjustment point is simultaneously created.
  • the shaft sealed sealed leads into the interior of the gas-carrying housing, in which the second lever is arranged, so that the transmission of the control movement from the outside into the gas-carrying housing also no longer takes place axially.
  • the shaft is then advantageously designed in two parts, a first part of the shaft leading from the interior of the water-carrying housing to the outside, whereas a second part of the shaft leads from the interior of the gas-carrying housing to the outside. This creates the possibility of creating an adjustment point at the transition between the first part and the second part of the shaft.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial view of a fitting according to the invention for a gas-heated once-through water heater with the gas quantity control valve closed
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial view of a fitting according to the invention for a gas-heated instantaneous water heater with the gas quantity control valve open
  • FIG. 3 shows a section AA from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 The fitting partially shown in FIG. 1 for a gas-heated instantaneous water heater with the gas quantity control valve 11 closed and FIG. 2 partially illustrated fitting for a gas-heated instantaneous water heater with the gas quantity control valve 11 open has a gas-conducting housing 1 and a water-conducting housing 2 on.
  • the water-carrying housing 2 contains, in addition to other components which are known to the person skilled in the art and are therefore not explained further here because they are not essential to the invention, a flow switch 21 which serves to protect against water shortage.
  • This flow switch 21 has a high-pressure chamber 22 and a low-pressure chamber 23, both of which are separated from one another by a membrane 24.
  • the membrane 24 is supported on a membrane plate 25.
  • the low-pressure chamber 23 is closed by a cover 26 which is connected on the one hand to the water-carrying housing 2 and on the other hand is partially chambered by the gas-carrying housing 1.
  • a compression spring 27 is supported in the cover 26 and rests with its other end on the diaphragm plate 25.
  • a cranked lever 3 On the diaphragm plate 25 is supported at one end a cranked lever 3, which is firmly connected at its other end to a shaft 4 sealed but rotatably mounted in the cover 26.
  • the shaft 4 simultaneously forms a fulcrum for a second lever 5, it being advantageous if the shaft 4 and lever 5 are made in one piece in the form of a bracket 6 (FIG. 3).
  • the gas-carrying housing 1 contains, in addition to other components which are also known to the person skilled in the art and therefore not explained further here because they are not essential to the invention, a gas quantity control valve 11.
  • Gen breatheventil 11 is located in a cup-shaped space 13, in the bottom 14 there is an otherwise gas-tight guide 15 for a longitudinally movable in the axial direction of the cup-shaped space 13 plunger 12, which is connected to the valve plate 111 of the gas quantity control valve 11, the valve plate 111 is by a return spring 112 loaded in the closing direction, which is supported with its other end on the floor 14.
  • the plunger 12 At its end facing away from the gas quantity control valve 11, which protrudes into a space 16 in communication with the surroundings of the otherwise gas-carrying housing 1, the plunger 12 has a notch 121, which serves to fasten a push rod element 17.
  • the push rod element 17 is a U-shaped molded part.
  • a threaded bore 171 which serves to receive a longitudinally adjustable element, for example a screw 174.
  • one of the two legs is extended and bent at its end 172. In the bent end 172 is in an axial extension of the bore 174 from a recess 173, which serves to receive the notch 121 of the plunger 12
  • the lever 5 In the receptacle formed by the two legs is the lever 5; in this embodiment, part of the bracket 6; mounted, which is supported on the screw 174 under the acting forces of the return spring 1 and the compression spring 27.
  • the gas quantity control valve 11 is also opened more or less.
  • the maximum opening of the gas quantity control valve 11 is shown in FIG. 2, but it is understood that intermediate positions are also possible.
  • the shaft 4 can be guided in a sealed manner into the interior of the gas-carrying housing 1, it being understood that the lever 5 must then be arranged in the interior of the gas-carrying housing 1.
  • the shaft 4 can be designed in two parts, a first part of the shaft 4 leading from the interior of the water-carrying housing 2 to the outside, whereas a second part of the shaft 4 leads from the interior of the gas-carrying housing 1 to the outside. A desired possibility for adjustment is then conveniently located between the passage from the water-bearing housing 2 and the passage from the gas-bearing housing 1.
  • Valve disc 22 high pressure chamber

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is to develop a flow control of the stated kind in which the furring of the rod projecting from the water containing housing (2) is reduced and the effect of such fur on the control behaviour is completely eliminated. This problem is solved in that the control movement of the diaphragm (24) in the water containing housing (2) is transmitted to a lever (3), the pivot of which is formed by a sealed shaft (4) firmly secured to said lever (3) and leading to the outside of the water containing housing (2). At the same time, the shaft (4) is also the pivot of a second lever (5) also firmly secured to it. The lifting movement of the first lever (3) is thus converted via the shaft (4) to the exterior as a rotary movement and then the rotary movement of the shaft (4) is reconverted by the second lever (5) into a lifting movement to control the gas flow. The flow control is used to control the gas flow depending on the water flow, especially for instantaneous water heaters.

Description

Beschreibung description
Armatur, insbesondere für einen Durchlauf- WassererhitzerFitting, especially for a once-through water heater
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Aπnatur, wie sie insbeson¬ dere fiir einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer zur Steuerung des Gasdurchlasses in Abhängigkeit vom Wasserdurchlauf Anwendung findet. Dabei weist die Armatur ein gasführendes Gehäuse, ein wasserführendes Gehäuse und eine mechanische Übertragung, die eine vom Wasserdurchlauf abhängige und vorzugsweise durch jeweils eine im wasserführenden Gehäuse untergebrach¬ te Venturidüse und eine Membran bewirkte Steuerbewegung zunächst aus dem Innenraum des wasserführenden Gehäuses an die Außenseite und so- dann von dort in das gasführende Gehäuse auf ein die Gasmenge steuerndes Ventil überträgt, auf.The present invention relates to an apparatus of the kind used in particular for a once-through water heater for controlling the gas passage as a function of the through-water. The valve has a gas-carrying housing, a water-carrying housing and a mechanical transmission which first controls a control movement dependent on the water flow and preferably brought about by a Venturi nozzle accommodated in the water-carrying housing and a membrane, from the interior of the water-carrying housing to the outside and so on - then transmits from there into the gas-carrying housing to a valve controlling the gas quantity.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Derartige Armaturen rar Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer bestehen üblicherweise aus einem Gas- und einem Wasserteil. Bei diesen Armaturen wird die Gassteuerung von einem hydraulischen Stellantrieb betätigt, der abhängig von der jeweils durchfließenden Wassermenge einen bestimmten Hub zur Steuerung der Gasmenge erzeugt. Dabei beginnt der Hub meist erst ab einer bestimmten Minimalmenge, die durch die zum Zünden des Brenners not¬ wendige Mindestmenge an Gas festgelegt ist, und endet mit einer bestimm¬ ten Maximalmenge, die durch die technische Auslegung des Gasbrenners und des Wärmetauschers bestimmt wird.Such fittings rar flow water heaters usually consist of a gas and a water part. In these fittings, the gas control is operated by a hydraulic actuator, which, depending on the amount of water flowing through, generates a certain stroke for controlling the amount of gas. The stroke usually begins at a certain minimum amount, which is determined by the minimum amount of gas necessary to ignite the burner, and ends with a certain maximum amount, which is determined by the technical design of the gas burner and the heat exchanger.
Wie bereits weiter oben ausgeführt und beispielsweise in der DR-PS 647 449 dargestellt, befindet sich im Wasserteil eine Steuervorrichtung, die eine Membran aufweist, durch die das Schaltergehäuse in Kammern unterteilt wird, die über Leitungen mit Teilen der Flüssigkeitsleitung, die vor und hin¬ ter einer Drossel liegen, in Verbindung stehen. Im Gasteil befindet sich ein Gasdruckschalter, der ein Ventil mit einem Ventilkörper besitzt, der von ei¬ ner weiteren Membran bewegt wird. Die Membran wird durch Druckunter- schiede gesteuert, die durch eine Drossel in einer zum Brenner fuhrenden Gaszuleitung hervorgerufen werden. Die Steuervorrichtung ist über eine Stange mit einem zur Drossel zugehörigen Ventilkörper verbunden.As already explained above and shown for example in DR-PS 647 449, in the water part there is a control device which has a membrane through which the switch housing is subdivided into chambers which are connected via lines with parts of the liquid line, which go back and forth ter a throttle, communicate. In the gas part there is a gas pressure switch which has a valve with a valve body which is moved by a further membrane. The membrane is controlled by a throttle in a gas supply line leading to the burner. The control device is connected via a rod to a valve body belonging to the throttle.
Eine weitere Armatur eines Durchlauf- Wassererhitzers ist in der WO 94/00716 beschrieben. Auch hier befindet sich im Wasserteil eine als Strö¬ mungsschalter bezeichnete Steuervorrichtung, die als Wassermangelsiche¬ rung dient. Dieser Strömungsschalter weist eine Hochdruckkammer und ein Niederdruckkammer auf, die beide durch eine Membran voneinander ge- trennt sind. Die Membran stützt sich an einem Membranteller ab, der fest mit einem Stößel verbunden ist, der seinerseits abgedichtet aus der Nieder¬ druckkammer herausgeführt ist. Dabei bilden Membran, Membranteller un Stößel den hydraulischen Stellantrieb für ein im Gasteil angeordnetes Gas¬ mengensteuerventil.Another fitting of a once-through water heater is described in WO 94/00716. Here, too, there is a control device referred to as a flow switch in the water part, which serves as a water shortage protection. This flow switch has a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber, both of which are separated from one another by a membrane. The membrane is supported on a membrane plate, which is firmly connected to a plunger, which in turn is guided out of the low-pressure chamber in a sealed manner. The diaphragm, diaphragm plate and tappet form the hydraulic actuator for a gas quantity control valve arranged in the gas part.
Der Aufbau dieser in den o.g. Patentschriften beschriebenen Armaturen weist das Problem auf, daß der zur Hubübertragung dienende Stößel eine axiale Bewegung ausführt. Durch diese axiale Bewegung nimmt der Stößel trotz der vorhandenen Abdichtung Wasserteilchen mit heraus. Um zu ver- hindern, daß diese Wasserteilchen in den gasführenden Raum gelangen kön nen, ist es üblicherweise bereits vorgesehen, daß zwischen dem wasserfüh¬ renden und dem gasführenden Raum ein luftführender Raum vorhanden sei muß. Zusätzlich wird der Stößel zweigeteilt ausgeführt. Es bleibt aber das Problem, daß bei steigendem Stößelhub, hervorgerufen durch eine steigende Wasserentnahme, durch die axiale Bewegung und unterstützt vom Wasser¬ druck ein Wasserfilm am Stößel nach außen transportiert wird. Dieser Was¬ serfilm verdunstet an der Luft und führt zu Kalkablagerungen am Stößel. Beim Rückgang des Stößels, hervorgerufen durch eine sinkende Wasserent¬ nahme, wird dieser Kalkbelag durch die Dichtung gezogen, was zur Schädi- gung der Dichtung und damit zu einem stärkeren Leckfluß bei den weiteren Wasserentnahmen führt. Weiterhin vergrößert sich durch die zunehmende Reibung des Stößels die Regelabweichung des Durchlauf- Wassererhitzers. Insbesondere wird bei Verringerung der durchströmenden Wassermenge die Gasmenge nicht mehr im erforderlichen Maße verringert, was zu Übertem- peraturen des Wassers mit den damit verbundenen Gefährdungen des Nut¬ zers führt. Die auftretende Kalkablagerung kann soweit fortschreiten, daß das Gasmengensteuerventil bei vollkommen abgesperrtem Wasserzulauf of¬ fen bleibt, was zur Zerstörung des Durchlauf- Wassererhitzers führt, sofern nicht ein gesonderter Übertemperaturschutz vorhanden ist.The structure of these fittings described in the above-mentioned patents has the problem that the plunger used for stroke transmission performs an axial movement. Due to this axial movement, the plunger takes out water particles despite the existing seal. In order to prevent these water particles from getting into the gas-carrying space, it is usually already provided that an air-carrying space must be present between the water-carrying and the gas-carrying space. In addition, the plunger is made in two parts. The problem remains, however, that as the ram stroke increases, caused by increasing water withdrawal, by the axial movement and supported by the water pressure, a water film on the ram is transported to the outside. This water film evaporates in the air and leads to limescale deposits on the ram. When the tappet falls, caused by a sinking water withdrawal, this limescale is drawn through the seal, which leads to damage to the seal and thus to a greater leakage flow during the further water withdrawals. Furthermore, the control deviation of the instantaneous water heater increases due to the increasing friction of the tappet. In particular, when the amount of water flowing through is reduced, the amount of gas is no longer reduced to the required extent, which leads to excess temperatures of the water and the associated hazards to the user. The limescale that occurs can progress so far that the gas quantity control valve remains open when the water supply is completely shut off, which leads to the destruction of the once-through water heater, unless a separate overtemperature protection is available.
Durch Fettvorlagen, doppelte Dichtungen und Keramikführungen kann man diese negativen Folgen zwar hinauszögern, der Wassertransport durch die axiale Bewegung des Stößels aber bleibt und fuhrt somit irgendwann zum Ausfall. Solche Maßnahmen haben desweiteren den Nachteil, daß sich die Baumaße und letztendlich auch die Kosten erhöhen.With grease pads, double seals and ceramic guides you can delay these negative consequences, but the water transport due to the axial movement of the plunger remains and leads to failure at some point. Such measures also have the disadvantage that the dimensions and ultimately the costs increase.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine Armatur der genannten Art zu entwickeln, bei der die Bildung von Kalkablagerungen auf dem aus dem wasserführenden Gehäuse herausragenden Stößel vermindert und der Ein¬ fluß solcher Kalkablagerungen auf das Regelverhalten, wie weiter oben aus¬ führlich beschrieben, vollkommen ausgeschaltet wird.The invention is based on the problem of developing a fitting of the type mentioned, in which the formation of limescale deposits on the plunger protruding from the water-carrying housing is reduced and the influence of such limescale deposits on the control behavior, as described in detail above, completely is turned off.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das Problem dadurch gelöst, daß im wasserführen- den Gehäuse die Steuerbewegung der Membran auf einen Hebel übertragen wird, dessen Drehpunkt eine fest mit diesem Hebel verbundene, abgedichtet gelagerte und zur Außenseite des wasserführenden Gehäuses führende Welle bildet. Gleichzeitig ist die Welle auch Drehpunkt für einen zweiten ebenfalls fest mit ihr verbundenen Hebel. Somit wird die Hubbewegung des ersten Hebels mittels der Welle als Drehbewegung zur Außenseite übertragen und anschließend wird die Drehbewegung der Welle mittels des zweiten Hebels wieder in eine Hubbewegung zur Steuerung des Gasdurchlasses umgewan¬ delt.According to the invention, the problem is solved in that the control movement of the membrane is transmitted to a lever in the water-carrying housing, the fulcrum of which forms a shaft which is firmly connected to this lever, is mounted in a sealed manner and leads to the outside of the water-conducting housing. At the same time, the shaft is also the fulcrum for a second lever that is also firmly connected to it. Thus, the stroke movement of the first lever is transmitted to the outside as a rotational movement by means of the shaft, and then the rotational movement of the shaft is converted again into a stroke movement for controlling the gas passage by means of the second lever.
Durch die Umwandlung der Hubbewegung der Membran in eine Drehbewe¬ gung der Welle wird erreicht, daß das zur Abdichtung benötigte Dichtele¬ ment, üblicherweise ein O-Ring, die Welle immer an der gleichen Stelle ab¬ dichtet. Eine axiale Bewegung tritt im Dichtbereich nicht mehr auf. Somit entfallt der bisher aufgetretene Transport von Wasserteilchen aus dem wasserführenden Raum und die damit verbundenen negativen Folgen. Selbst wenn ein Leckfluß trotz der zwischen dem wasserführenden Gehäuse und der Welle befindlichen Dichtung auftreten sollte und sich dadurch auf dem Außenende der Welle Kalkablagerungen bilden, sind diese ohne Einfluß au die Lagerreibung und das Regelverhalten. Als weiterer Vorteil wird erreich daß der bei dem beschriebenen Stand der Technik vorhandene Einfluß des Wasserdruckes auf die Gasdurchflußmenge; Ursache dafür ist die auf den Querschnitt des Stößels wirkende -Kraftkomponente des Wasserdruckes; be der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung entfällt.By converting the stroke movement of the membrane into a rotary movement of the shaft, it is achieved that the sealing element required for the sealing, usually an O-ring, always seals the shaft at the same point. Axial movement no longer occurs in the sealing area. This eliminates the transport of water particles from the water-bearing space and the associated negative consequences. Even if there is a leakage flow despite that between the water-bearing housing and If the seal located on the shaft should occur and limescale deposits form on the outer end of the shaft, these have no influence on the bearing friction and the control behavior. Another advantage is that the influence of water pressure on the gas flow rate in the prior art described; The reason for this is the force component of the water pressure acting on the cross section of the ram; be eliminated in the solution according to the invention.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilha te Weiterbildungen des Gegenstandes des Hauptanspruches möglich.The measures listed in the subclaims allow advantageous further developments of the subject matter of the main claim.
So ist die erfindungsgemäße Armatur vorteilhafterweise so ausgeführt, daß der zweite Hebel außerhalb des wasserführenden Gehäuses einstückig mit der Welle verbunden ist. Die entstandene Hubbewegung des zweiten Hebel wird dann in an sich bekannter Weise durch einen abgedichtet im gasfüh¬ renden Gehäuse gelagerten Stößel auf ein die Gasmenge steuerndes Ventil übertragen. Dabei kann zusätzlich zwischen dem zweiten Hebel und dem Stößel ein Schubstangenelement angeordnet sein, wodurch gleichzeitig eine Justierstelle geschaffen ist.The valve according to the invention is advantageously designed such that the second lever is connected in one piece to the shaft outside the water-carrying housing. The resulting stroke movement of the second lever is then transmitted in a manner known per se through a plunger, which is sealed in the gas-carrying housing, to a valve controlling the gas quantity. In this case, a push rod element can additionally be arranged between the second lever and the plunger, whereby an adjustment point is simultaneously created.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführung besteht darin, daß die Welle abgedich tet gelagert in den Innenraum des gasführenden Gehäuses führt, in dem der zweite Hebel angeordnet ist, so daß die Übertragung der Steuerbewegung von der Außenseite in das gasführende Gehäuse ebenfalls nicht mehr axial erfolgt. Günstigerweise ist die Welle dann zweigeteilt ausgeführt, wobei ein erster Teil der Welle aus dem Innenraum des wasserführenden Gehäuses zu Außenseite führt, wohingegen ein zweiter Teil der Welle aus dem Innenrau des gasführenden Gehäuses zur Außenseite führt. Damit ist eine Möglichke geschaffen, am Übergang zwischen dem ersten Teil und dem zweiten Teil der Welle eine Justierstelle zu schaffen.Another advantageous embodiment is that the shaft sealed sealed leads leads into the interior of the gas-carrying housing, in which the second lever is arranged, so that the transmission of the control movement from the outside into the gas-carrying housing also no longer takes place axially. The shaft is then advantageously designed in two parts, a first part of the shaft leading from the interior of the water-carrying housing to the outside, whereas a second part of the shaft leads from the interior of the gas-carrying housing to the outside. This creates the possibility of creating an adjustment point at the transition between the first part and the second part of the shaft.
AusführungsbeispielEmbodiment
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen: Fig. 1 eine Teilansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Armatur für einen gasbe¬ heizten Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer bei geschlossenem Gasmengensteu¬ erventilAn embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. Show it: 1 shows a partial view of a fitting according to the invention for a gas-heated once-through water heater with the gas quantity control valve closed
Fig. 2 eine Teilansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Armatur für einen gas- beheizten Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer bei geöffnetem Gasmengensteu¬ erventil2 shows a partial view of a fitting according to the invention for a gas-heated instantaneous water heater with the gas quantity control valve open
Fig. 3 einen Schnitt A - A aus Figur 13 shows a section AA from FIG. 1
Die in der Figur 1 teilweise dargestellte Armatur für einen gasbeheizten Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer bei geschlossenem Gasmengensteuerventil 11 und in der Figur 2 teilweise dargestellte Armatur für einen gasbeheizten Durch¬ lauf- Wassererhitzer bei geöffnetem Gasmengensteuerventil 11 weist ein gas¬ führendes Gehäuse 1 und ein wasserführendes Gehäuse 2 auf.The fitting partially shown in FIG. 1 for a gas-heated instantaneous water heater with the gas quantity control valve 11 closed and FIG. 2 partially illustrated fitting for a gas-heated instantaneous water heater with the gas quantity control valve 11 open has a gas-conducting housing 1 and a water-conducting housing 2 on.
Das wasserführende Gehäuse 2 enthält neben anderen, dem Fachmann be¬ kannten und daher hier, weil nicht erfindungswesentlich, nicht weiter erläu¬ terten Bauteilen, einen Strömungsschalter 21, der als Wassermangelsiche¬ rung dient. Dieser Strömungsschalter 21 weist eine Hochdruckkammer 22 und eine Niederdruckkammer 23 auf, die beide durch eine Membran 24 voneinander getrennt sind. Die Membran 24 stützt sich an einem Membran¬ teller 25 ab. Die Niederdruckkammer 23 wird durch einen Deckel 26 ver¬ schlossen, der einerseits mit dem wasserführenden Gehäuse 2 verbunden ist, und andererseits teilweise durch das gasführende Gehäuse 1 eingekammert ist. Im Deckel 26 stützt sich eine Druckfeder 27 ab, die mit ihrem anderen Ende am Membranteller 25 anliegt.The water-carrying housing 2 contains, in addition to other components which are known to the person skilled in the art and are therefore not explained further here because they are not essential to the invention, a flow switch 21 which serves to protect against water shortage. This flow switch 21 has a high-pressure chamber 22 and a low-pressure chamber 23, both of which are separated from one another by a membrane 24. The membrane 24 is supported on a membrane plate 25. The low-pressure chamber 23 is closed by a cover 26 which is connected on the one hand to the water-carrying housing 2 and on the other hand is partially chambered by the gas-carrying housing 1. A compression spring 27 is supported in the cover 26 and rests with its other end on the diaphragm plate 25.
Auf dem Membranteller 25 stützt sich mit einem Ende ein gekröpfter Hebel 3 ab, der mit seinem anderen Ende fest mit einer im Deckel 26 abgedichtet aber drehbar gelagerten Welle 4 verbunden ist. Dabei bildet die Welle 4 gleichzeitig einen Drehpunkt für einen zweiten Hebel 5, wobei es vorteilhaft ist, wenn Welle 4 und Hebel 5 einstückig in Form eines Bügels 6 ausgeführt sind (Fig. 3).On the diaphragm plate 25 is supported at one end a cranked lever 3, which is firmly connected at its other end to a shaft 4 sealed but rotatably mounted in the cover 26. The shaft 4 simultaneously forms a fulcrum for a second lever 5, it being advantageous if the shaft 4 and lever 5 are made in one piece in the form of a bracket 6 (FIG. 3).
Das gasführende Gehäuse 1 enthält neben anderen, dem Fachmann ebenfalls bekannten und daher hier, weil nicht erfindungswesentlich, ebenfalls nicht weiter erläuterten Bauteilen, ein Gasmengensteuerventil 11. Das Gasmen- gensteuerventil 11 befindet sich in einem topfförmigen Raum 13, in desse Boden 14 sich eine ansonsten gasdichte Führung 15 für einen in axialer Richtung des topfförmigen Raumes 13 längsbeweglichen Stößel 12, der m dem Ventilteller 111 des Gasmengensteuerventils 11 verbunden ist, befind Der Ventilteller 111 wird durch eine Rückstellfeder 112 in Schließrichtun belastet, die sich mit ihrem anderen Ende am Boden 14 abstützt. An seine dem Gasmengensteuerventil 11 abgewandten Ende, das in einen mit der Umgebung in Verbindung stehenden Raum 16 des ansonsten gasführende Gehäuses 1 hineinragt, besitzt der Stößel 12 eine Einkerbung 121, die zur Befestigung eines Schubstangenelementes 17 dient.The gas-carrying housing 1 contains, in addition to other components which are also known to the person skilled in the art and therefore not explained further here because they are not essential to the invention, a gas quantity control valve 11. Gensteuerventil 11 is located in a cup-shaped space 13, in the bottom 14 there is an otherwise gas-tight guide 15 for a longitudinally movable in the axial direction of the cup-shaped space 13 plunger 12, which is connected to the valve plate 111 of the gas quantity control valve 11, the valve plate 111 is by a return spring 112 loaded in the closing direction, which is supported with its other end on the floor 14. At its end facing away from the gas quantity control valve 11, which protrudes into a space 16 in communication with the surroundings of the otherwise gas-carrying housing 1, the plunger 12 has a notch 121, which serves to fasten a push rod element 17.
Das Schubstangenelement 17 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein U- förmig ausgebildetes Formteil. Im die beiden Schenkel verbindenden Teil befindet sich eine beispielsweise mit Gewinde versehene Bohrung 171, die zur Aufnahme eines in Längsrichtung verstellbaren Elementes, beispielsw se einer Schraube 174 dient. Desweiteren ist einer der beiden Schenkel ver längert ausgeführt und an seinem Ende 172 abgebogen. Im abgebogenen Ende 172 befindet sich in axialer Verlängerung der Bohrung 174 eine Aus nehmung 173, die zur Aufnahme der Einkerbung 121 des Stößels 12 dientIn this exemplary embodiment, the push rod element 17 is a U-shaped molded part. In the part connecting the two legs there is, for example, a threaded bore 171 which serves to receive a longitudinally adjustable element, for example a screw 174. Furthermore, one of the two legs is extended and bent at its end 172. In the bent end 172 is in an axial extension of the bore 174 from a recess 173, which serves to receive the notch 121 of the plunger 12
In der durch die beiden Schenkel gebildeten Aufnahme ist der bereits weit oben beschriebene Hebel 5; in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Teil des B gels 6; gelagert, der sich unter den wirkenden Kräften der Rückstellfeder 1 und der Druckfeder 27 an der Schraube 174 abstützt.In the receptacle formed by the two legs is the lever 5; in this embodiment, part of the bracket 6; mounted, which is supported on the screw 174 under the acting forces of the return spring 1 and the compression spring 27.
Die Funktion der in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Armatur für einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer wird nachfolgend beschriebeThe function of the fitting according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 for a once-through water heater is described below
Mit Wasserentnahme entsteht durch die Saugwirkung der im wasserführen den Gehäuse 2 befindlichen, nicht dargestellten Venturidüse zwischen der Hochdruckkammer 22 und der Niederdruckkammer 23 ein Differenzdruc der eine Hubbewegung der Membran 24 zur Folge hat. Diese Hubbewegu wird über den Membranteller 25 auf den Hebel 3 übertragen. Auf Grund d festen Verbindung zwischen dem Hebel 3 und der Welle 4 wird diese Hub bewegung in eine Drehbewegung umgewandelt und gleichzeitig aus dem wasserführenden Gehäuse 2 herausgeführt. Die Drehbewegung der Welle wird weiter auf den Hebel 5 übertragen und dabei gleichzeitig, da die Welle 4 auch Drehpunkt für den Hebel 5 ist, wieder in eine Hubbewegung umge¬ wandelt. Mittels des Schubstangenelementes 17 wirkt diese Hubbewegung auf den Stößel 12, wodurch das bis dahin geschlossene Gasmengensteuer- ventil 11 (Fig. 1) geöffnet wird.When water is drawn, a suction pressure between the high pressure chamber 22 and the low pressure chamber 23 creates a differential pressure between the high pressure chamber 22 and the low pressure chamber 23, which causes a stroke movement of the membrane 24. This stroke movement is transmitted to the lever 3 via the diaphragm plate 25. Due to d fixed connection between the lever 3 and the shaft 4, this stroke movement is converted into a rotary movement and at the same time led out of the water-bearing housing 2. The rotation of the shaft is further transferred to the lever 5 and, at the same time, since the shaft 4 is also the fulcrum for the lever 5, it is converted back into a lifting movement. This stroke movement acts on the plunger 12 by means of the push rod element 17, as a result of which the gas quantity control valve 11 (FIG. 1), which was closed up to that point, is opened.
In Abhängigkeit von der Menge des benötigten Wassers, und der sich da¬ durch auf Grund der unterschiedlichen Saugwirkung der Venturidüse einstel¬ lenden Größe des Differenzdruckes wird auch das Gasmengensteuerventil 1 1 mehr oder weniger geöffnet. So ist in Fig. 2 zwar die maximale Öffnung des Gasmengensteuerventils 11 gezeigt, aber es versteht sich, daß auch Zwi¬ schenstellungen möglich sind.Depending on the amount of water required and the size of the differential pressure resulting from the different suction effect of the Venturi nozzle, the gas quantity control valve 11 is also opened more or less. Thus, the maximum opening of the gas quantity control valve 11 is shown in FIG. 2, but it is understood that intermediate positions are also possible.
Um auf Grund der Fertigungstoleranzen eine Zuordnung zwischen dem Hub der Membran 24 und dem Hub des Gasmengensteuerventils 11 vornehmen zu können, erweist es sich als vorteilhaft ein Justageelement vorzusehen. Diese Aufgabe übernimmt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel die Schraube 174, deren Einschraubtiefe wie gewünscht durch die Öffnung 175 variiert werden kann.In order to be able to make an assignment between the stroke of the diaphragm 24 and the stroke of the gas quantity control valve 11 on the basis of the manufacturing tolerances, it proves to be advantageous to provide an adjustment element. This task is performed in this exemplary embodiment by screw 174, the screwing depth of which can be varied through opening 175 as desired.
Die erfindungsgemäße Armatur ist selbstredend nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Vielmehr sind Änderungen und Abwand¬ lungen möglich, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. So kann bei¬ spielsweise die Welle 4 abgedichtet gelagert in den Innenraum des gasfüh- renden Gehäuses 1 geführt werden, wobei es sich versteht, daß dann der He¬ bel 5 im Innenraum des gasführenden Gehäuses 1 angeordnet sein muß. Weiterhin kann die Welle 4 zweigeteilt ausgeführt sein, wobei ein erster Teil der Welle 4 aus dem Innenraum des wasserführenden Gehäuses 2 zur Au¬ ßenseite führt, wohingegen ein zweiter Teil der Welle 4 aus dem Innenraum des gasführenden Gehäuses 1 zur Außenseite führt. Eine gewünschte Mög¬ lichkeit zur Justierung befindet sich dann günstigerweise zwischen der Durchführung aus dem wasserführenden Gehäuse 2 und der Durchführung aus dem gasführenden Gehäuse 1. Aufstellung der BezugszeichenThe valve according to the invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment. Rather, changes and modifications are possible without leaving the scope of the invention. For example, the shaft 4 can be guided in a sealed manner into the interior of the gas-carrying housing 1, it being understood that the lever 5 must then be arranged in the interior of the gas-carrying housing 1. Furthermore, the shaft 4 can be designed in two parts, a first part of the shaft 4 leading from the interior of the water-carrying housing 2 to the outside, whereas a second part of the shaft 4 leads from the interior of the gas-carrying housing 1 to the outside. A desired possibility for adjustment is then conveniently located between the passage from the water-bearing housing 2 and the passage from the gas-bearing housing 1. List of reference numbers
gasführendes Ge¬ 2 wasserführendes Ger häusegas-carrying Ge 2 water-carrying Ger housing
Gasmengensteuer¬ 21 Strömungsschalter ventilGas quantity control 21 flow switch valve
Ventilteller 22 HochdruckkammerValve disc 22 high pressure chamber
Rückstellfeder 23 NiederdruckkammerReturn spring 23 low pressure chamber
Stößel 24 MembranTappet 24 membrane
Einkerbung 25 Membranteller topfförmiger Raum 26 DeckelNotch 25 membrane plate cup-shaped space 26 lid
Boden 27 Druckfeder gasdichte Führung 3 erster HebelBase 27 compression spring gastight guide 3 first lever
Raum 4 WelleRoom 4 wave
Schubstangen¬ 5 zweiter Hebel elementPush rod 5 second lever element
Bohrung 6 BügelHole 6 bracket
EndeThe End
AusnehmungRecess
Schraubescrew
Öffnung opening

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Armatur, insbesondere für einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer, zur Steuerung des Gasdurchlasses in Abhängigkeit vom Wasserdurchlauf, mit einem gasführenden Gehäuse (1), einem wasserführenden Gehäuse (2) und einer mechanischen Übertragung, die eine vom Wasserdurchlauf abhängige und vorzugsweise durch jeweils eine im wasserführenden Gehäuse (2)untergebrachte Venturidüse und eine Membran (24) bewirkte Steuer- bewegung zunächst aus dem Innenraum des wasserführenden Gehäuses (2)an die Außenseite und sodann von dort in das gasführende Gehäuse (1) auf ein die Gasmenge steuerndes Ventil überträgt, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß im wasserführenden Gehäuse (2) die Steuerbewegung auf einen Hebel (3) übertragen wird, dessen Drehpunkt eine fest mit diesem Hebel (3) verbundene, abgedichtet gelagerte und zur Außenseite des wasserfüh¬ renden Gehäuse (2) führende Welle (4) bildet, die somit die Steuerbewe¬ gung als Drehbewegung zur Außenseite überträgt, und daß die Welle (4) den Drehpunkt für einen zweiten ebenfalls fest mit ihr verbundenen Hebel (5) bildet, wodurch die Drehbewegung wieder in eine Hubbewegung zur Steuerung des Gasdurchlasses umgewandelt wird.1. Fitting, in particular for a once-through water heater, for controlling the gas passage depending on the water passage, with a gas-carrying housing (1), a water-bearing housing (2) and a mechanical transmission, which is dependent on the water passage and preferably by one in each Venturi nozzle and a membrane (24) accommodating the water-carrying housing (2) bring about the control movement first of all from the interior of the water-carrying housing (2) to the outside and then from there into the gas-carrying housing (1) to a valve controlling the gas quantity gekennzeich¬ net that in the water-carrying housing (2) the control movement is transmitted to a lever (3), the fulcrum of a shaft connected to this lever (3), sealed and leading to the outside of the water-carrying housing (2) shaft ( 4), which thus transmits the control movement as a rotary movement to the outside, and that the shaft (4) forms the fulcrum for a second lever (5), also firmly connected to it, whereby the rotary movement is converted back into a lifting movement for controlling the gas passage.
2. Armatur, insbesondere für einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer, nach Patent¬ anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Hebel (5) außerhalb des wasserführenden Gehäuses (2) einstückig mit der Welle (4) verbunden ist.2. Fitting, in particular for a once-through water heater, according to claim 1, characterized in that the second lever (5) outside the water-carrying housing (2) is integrally connected to the shaft (4).
3. Armatur, insbesondere für einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer, nach Patent¬ anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerbewegung in das gas¬ führende Gehäuse (1) in an sich bekannter Weise durch einen abgedichtet gelagerten Stößel (12) mittels Hubbewegung übertragen wird, wobei zwi¬ schen dem zweiten Hebel (5) und dem Stößel (12) ein Schubstangenele¬ ment (17) angeordnet ist.3. Fitting, in particular for a once-through water heater, according to claim 2, characterized in that the control movement in the gas-conducting housing (1) is transmitted in a manner known per se by a sealed plunger (12) by means of a lifting movement, wherein a push rod element (17) is arranged between the second lever (5) and the plunger (12).
4. Armatur, insbesondere für einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer, nach Patent- anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle (4) abgedichtet gela- gert in den Innenraum des gasführenden Gehäuses ( 1 ) führt, in dem der zweite Hebel (5) angeordnet ist.4. Fitting, in particular for a once-through water heater, according to claim 1. characterized in that the shaft (4) is sealed and sealed. device leads into the interior of the gas-carrying housing (1), in which the second lever (5) is arranged.
5. Armatur, insbesondere für einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer, nach Patent- anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle (4) zweigeteilt ausge¬ führt ist, wobei ein erster Teil der Welle (4) aus dem Innenraum des wasserführenden Gehäuses (2) zur Außenseite führt, wohingegen ein zweiter Teil der Welle (4) aus dem Innenraum des gasführenden Gehäuse (1) zur Außenseite führt.5. Fitting, in particular for a once-through water heater, according to claim 4, characterized in that the shaft (4) is designed in two parts, a first part of the shaft (4) from the interior of the water-carrying housing (2) leads to the outside, whereas a second part of the shaft (4) leads to the outside from the interior of the gas-carrying housing (1).
6. Armatur, insbesondere für einen Durchlauf- Wassererhitzer, nach einem der Patentansprüche 3 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mechani¬ sche Übertragung zwischen der Durchführung aus dem wasserführenden Gehäuse (2) und der Durchführung aus dem gasführenden Gehäuse (1) justierbar ist. 6. Fitting, in particular for a once-through water heater, according to one of claims 3 or 5, characterized in that the mechanical transmission between the implementation from the water-carrying housing (2) and the implementation from the gas-carrying housing (1) is adjustable .
EP95923262A 1994-07-16 1995-06-08 Flow control, specially for an instantaneous water heater Expired - Lifetime EP0834043B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4425200A DE4425200A1 (en) 1994-07-16 1994-07-16 Faucet, especially for a once-through water heater
DE4425200 1994-07-16
PCT/EP1995/002208 WO1996002795A1 (en) 1994-07-16 1995-06-08 Flow control, specially for an instantaneous water heater

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0834043A1 true EP0834043A1 (en) 1998-04-08
EP0834043B1 EP0834043B1 (en) 2000-02-09

Family

ID=6523362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95923262A Expired - Lifetime EP0834043B1 (en) 1994-07-16 1995-06-08 Flow control, specially for an instantaneous water heater

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5875807A (en)
EP (1) EP0834043B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2194584C (en)
CZ (1) CZ289761B6 (en)
DE (2) DE4425200A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2144616T3 (en)
HU (1) HU219964B (en)
IL (1) IL114552A0 (en)
PL (1) PL177671B1 (en)
PT (1) PT834043E (en)
WO (1) WO1996002795A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA955734B (en)

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US7465399B1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2008-12-16 Hoeptner Iii Herbert W Filtered and unfiltered water ducting in sink fitting
US7353834B2 (en) * 2005-08-25 2008-04-08 Dresser, Inc. Variable rate pressure regulator
US8596606B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2013-12-03 Jorge Maercovich Automate fluid flow control system
US20170082321A1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2017-03-23 Mertik Maxitrol Gmbh & Co., Kg Flow control for a continuous-flow water heater

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DE1065595B (en) *
US2126378A (en) * 1933-02-08 1938-08-09 Junkers & Co Controller for gas-heated apparatus
DE647449C (en) * 1933-02-09 1937-07-05 Junkers & Co Device for the automatic regulation of the gas supply to gas-heated devices
US2258590A (en) * 1938-09-06 1941-10-14 Junkers & Co Gas valve for liquid heaters
GB538650A (en) * 1940-02-08 1941-08-12 Leonard Eugene Cowey Improvements in and relating to fluid actuated valves and valve fittings
FR882482A (en) * 1941-04-01 1943-06-04 Device for automatic control of the gas supply for water heaters, bath heaters and the like
FR1010002A (en) * 1948-07-21 1952-06-06 Chaffoteaux Et Maury Reunis Et Improvements in fluid sealing devices
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DE1908408A1 (en) * 1969-02-20 1970-09-10 Junkers & Co Device for controlling the gas supply to a burner of a gas-heated circulating water heater
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JPH0249478Y2 (en) * 1985-06-19 1990-12-26
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996002795A1 (en) 1996-02-01
CZ8097A3 (en) 1997-05-14
PT834043E (en) 2000-07-31
HU219964B (en) 2001-10-28
DE59507800D1 (en) 2000-03-16
DE4425200A1 (en) 1996-01-18
CA2194584A1 (en) 1996-02-01
PL177671B1 (en) 1999-12-31
CA2194584C (en) 2007-05-15
ZA955734B (en) 1996-05-29
PL318112A1 (en) 1997-05-12
US5875807A (en) 1999-03-02
EP0834043B1 (en) 2000-02-09
HUT77508A (en) 1998-05-28
ES2144616T3 (en) 2000-06-16
CZ289761B6 (en) 2002-04-17
IL114552A0 (en) 1995-11-27

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