EP0828984A1

EP0828984A1 - System for driving a water jet blower with a housing for a confining and rinsing medium

Info

Publication number: EP0828984A1
Application number: EP96916171A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Friedrich Bude; Karl Albers; Richard Zachay
Original assignee: Bergemann GmbH
Current assignee: Bergemann GmbH
Priority date: 1995-05-30
Filing date: 1996-05-30
Publication date: 1998-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2016-05-30
Also published as: DE59608799D1; US6073641A; WO1996038702A1; AU5902496A; CN1128981C; EP0828984B1; CN1186545A

Abstract

A water jet blower for cleaning thermal installations has a water lance (6) movably arranged (5) with its mouth on or in a hatch (2). The water lance (6) can project a water jet on the wall areas that can be reached from the hatch (2) through the thermal installation in operation filled with flames and/or smoke gas. The water jet blower may be moved by at least one moving element. Displacement sensor are provided to accurately determine the position of the water lance (6). At least the area of the hatch (2) is sealed by a housing (31) that can receive a confining and rinsing medium. The water jet blower (6) may be guided along determined, previously calculated or stored lines of displacement and at previously calculated or stored variable speeds, that depend in particular from the position of the water lance, based on the measurement values supplied by the displacement sensors. The supply of confining and rinsing fluid may be pressure- and/or temperature-regulated.

Description

DISCLAIMER

Third

Drive system for water lance blowers with housing for locking and flushing medium and method for operation

10

The present invention relates to a water lance blower according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its operation.

15

The cleaning of heating systems, in particular the combustion chambers of high-performance steam boilers during operation, is also carried out, inter alia, with the aid of water lance blowers which emit a concentrated water jet through the combustion chamber onto the opposite wall. As a result of the

20 thermal shocks, the kinetic water jet energy and the sudden evaporation of water that has penetrated into the pores of the deposits cause the soiling of soot, slag and ash to flake off. Typical arrangements and the surroundings of such water lance blowers are, for example, in DD 276 335 AI, DD 281 452

25 A5 and DD 281 468 A5.

The water jet from water lance blowers generally follows a certain predetermined path on the surface to be cleaned, also called a blow figure, this path generally running in a meandering or spiral manner and possibly avoiding obstacles, openings or other sensitive zones.

In addition to controlling the drive system by means of a template, which inevitably generates a very specific blow figure, two-axis Controls used on a frame with control axes lying at right angles to one another, in particular a horizontal and a vertical axis, in order to be able to control meandering paths particularly easily. In this way, it has always been possible to generate certain meandering blow figures by purely timing or control from a minimum stop to a maximum stop of the individual axle drives.

However, this type of control made it necessary to align the drives as precisely as possible. B. is described in DD 234 479 AI. There, at least two actuating elements act on the water lance, these two actuating elements being arranged on a frame at an angle of 90 °, the fastening points of the actuating elements on the frame also being in one plane with a horizontally and vertically movable joint of the water lance, which is there forms the movement point of the water lance.

Another two-axis control is also known from WO 93/12398, which precisely controls the water lance by means of two spindle drives running perpendicular to one another, which in turn are held by means of a guide frame.

From DD 239 656 AI it is also known to control the cleaning parameters of a water lance blower on the basis of temperature measurements on the surface to be cleaned.

In known water lance blowers, the blowing lance is guided over

Mechanics and central drives, being in the space around the blow guides

Drive and bearing elements are stored and arranged in a frame construction that take up a large space. The often big one The length of the lance and the water supply lead to great leverage and forces, which in turn require corresponding guides, drives and frames.

In addition, there is not enough space available in the area of each hatch, which can be any opening in which a water lance blower should advantageously be arranged. Numerous installations, such as steam pipes, switch cabinets, work platforms, etc., prevent large rectangular frames from being attached.

Since the pressure fluctuates in a heating system, there are operating conditions in which air is sucked in from outside through the hatch or the swivel joint of the water lance into the heating system, as well as operating conditions where smoke, ash and exhaust gases through the hatch or the joint to the outside. Both are undesirable, the latter damaging the water lance and the joint and shortening their service life. Known systems with housings for sealing and flushing medium are also designed in such a way that no gas can flow from the heating system into the housing under all operating conditions, which in many cases means too much supply of sealing and flushing fluid to the heating system, which is also disadvantageous.

The object of the present invention is to provide a simply constructed water lance blower with a housing for sealing and rinsing medium, which can move along freely definable blow figures at freely definable speeds and, in particular, can be installed and operated even under difficult spatial conditions. Methods for operating such water lance blowers are also intended to be specified by the invention. These objects are achieved by a water lance blower according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 19. Advantageous embodiments and refinements are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The water lance blower according to the invention for cleaning heating systems can be moved by at least one movement element. In addition, the drive system is equipped with position transducers for the exact determination of the position of the water lance, which enables a controlled driving style to be achieved. The use of at least one movement element, which is articulated at one end directly to the heating system and at another end to the water lance, is particularly cheap and space-saving. With such a construction, a new concept is pursued with which a water lance blower can be operated independently of a frame structure. This enables the water lance blower to be placed flexibly while making good use of the space available on the heating system. In an advantageous embodiment, the movement element is at least part of a manipulator arm. One end of the manipulator arm can preferably be attached to the heating system in such a way that the water lance blower is easily accessible in terms of maintenance and inspection, without unnecessarily restricting the space on a work platform. The manipulator arm itself can be designed freely, with the movement element itself being the manipulator arm in one embodiment. If the ends of one or more movement elements are arranged in a plane that runs perpendicular to a vertical plane through the movement point of the water lance, it is possible to shift this movement point far forward into the hatch or the heating system, as a result of which larger ones move Swivel ranges and more favorable lever ratios result in the drive system. If the water lance blower is installed in the horizontal ceiling or floor of a heating system, it is below the vertical level to then understand a corresponding horizontal through the movement point. The attachment of a housing, for example in the form of a flexible membrane, for encapsulating at least the area around the hatch and for applying a blocking and flushing fluid is thus facilitated. Dispensing with a guide frame for the water lance blower is not mandatory. Rather, such a seal can also be used advantageously on frame-guided water lance blowers. It is also possible to retrofit a housing which is acted upon by a locking and flushing medium on a water lance blower that already exists in a heat installation. This provides protection against escaping gases from the heating system while at the same time cooling the water lance blowers.

A significant reduction in the overall length of a water lance and thus an additional improvement in the installation conditions, which also makes it easier to accommodate a housing, is achieved in that the water supply is angled one or more times by a total of more than 70 °, in particular more than 90 °. It was previously known to design the water supply at an obtuse angle below 70 ° in order to, for. B. a hose from obliquely behind, but deflections of 90 ° or more were not possible with previous drive systems, since the hose would then collide with the drive elements. In addition, such diversions were not taken into account because of a possible negative influence on the jet quality of the water lance. Angled water feeds have the advantage, however, that the water feed is closer to the point of movement of the water lance, as a result of which the forces required to move the water lance are significantly reduced because of the shorter lever with which the heavy water feed acts. According to the invention, the water supply can be laid close to the point of movement and the outer wall of the heating system, as a result of which much smaller ways of supplying water when moving the water lance are required. This Advantages also make it possible to use less stable drive systems since lower forces are now required. Such drive systems can be implemented without a continuous frame, as a result of which the water supply line near the wall can run without problems in an area without drive elements.

Depending on the shortness of the water lance, the last curvature of the water supply line can impair the quality of the water jet emerging from the water lance. This is counteracted by a compensation volume, in particular an essentially spherical compensation volume, at the rear end of the shortened water lance. With such a volume, the flow profile of the water flowing in via a bend is evened out, and thus a good concentration of the water jet in the water lance is again achieved.

A shortened design of the water lance with supply of water close to the wall, in particular approximately parallel to the wall, can also be relatively completely encapsulated with a housing, as a result of which all drive elements can be protected against contamination. Only the water supply line and measuring and control lines have to be routed through the housing to the outside. Different flow paths, as will be explained in more detail with the aid of the drawing, can be realized so that cooling, protection against contamination (flushing) and prevention of uncontrolled gas exchange through the hatch (blocking) can be achieved at the same time. In order to protect the outlet area from contamination and aggressive gases in particular, the flushing medium can flow around it in the manner of a jacket jet. An embodiment of a water lance blower with a protective sleeve is also preferred. This then at least partially envelops the water lance. According to the prior art, it is known to supply many such housings centrally with a blocking and flushing medium, usually air. This has the disadvantage that hatches at different vertical heights and thus different countermeasures in the heating system are flowed through unevenly by the medium. It is also known to supply each water lance blower from its own source of sealing and flushing medium to avoid this disadvantage. In an important additional aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently of the other features of the invention in systems according to the prior art, a further improvement of the supply with blocking and flushing medium is to be achieved here. This is done by the fact that the supply of sealing and rinsing media is not set constantly, but is regulated individually for each water lance blower. This can be done both with a central supply of several housings by suitable valves, as well as with an individual supply by appropriate control of the supply units.

A suitable measurement and control variable for the blocking function of the medium is, in particular, the differential pressure between the interior of the heating system and the interior of the housing. If this value is kept constant, gas can never flow from the heating system into the housing and the flow of barrier medium into the heating system remains constant at an acceptably low level.

A suitable measurement and control variable for the flushing function (or cooling function) of the medium is, in particular, the temperature at one or more measuring points in the front area of the water lance or in the vicinity of the point of movement. If this value is kept constant, the amount of cooling medium varies depending on the operating conditions, but only to the extent absolutely necessary for the flushing function. Both controls can also be used in combination, for example by first keeping the differential pressure constant, but switching to temperature control when a limit temperature is exceeded.

If only one movement element is used as the drive of the water lance, this must be changeable in its length and in its direction, that is to say perform the functions of a manipulator arm. If two movement elements are present, they only need to have linear drives in order to move the water lance on any path.

However, it can happen with two movement elements that they assume an almost aligned position, as a result of which the water lance can no longer be driven or is only possible with great difficulty. A third movement element, which can then support the drive, is very important for such arrangements. Depending on the requirements for the accuracy of the movement and the stability of the system, more than three movement elements can also be used.

Common to all the arrangements described is that, for example, very complex, non-linear movements of the movement element or elements are required to carry out a meandering blow figure, so that simple control, in particular timing, is no longer an option for such arrangements.

For this reason, the drive system according to the invention has displacement transducers for the precise determination of the position of the water lance, so that now it is no longer a pure control but a controlled control along a desired movement line is possible. The displacement transducers allow precise control of the blow figure, so that the movement elements accordingly can be regulated. The drive system also allows certain parts of the blow figure to be moved at a first speed and other parts of the blow figure, for example non-contaminated or sensitive areas, at a second speed. Basically any blow figures and any speed profiles can be programmed or saved by recording on site.

The displacement transducers can either be arranged in the movement elements themselves as typical displacement or angle transducers, or they can be arranged on one or more displacement transducer arms. It is important that they can measure the exact position of the water lance in relation to a reference position, which may be determined before the blowing process begins. Capacitive, inductive or magnetic sensors as well as digital pedometers and the like are suitable as displacement sensors.

The control takes place in a common control electronics which receives the measured values of the displacement transducers, compares them with the target values of the given blow figure and controls the movement elements accordingly. In this way, even with any arrangement of the movement element (s) in the room, blow figures can be repeated exactly with regard to the route and speed. The movement elements can be, for example, hydraulic or pneumatic reciprocating pistons, as well as known spindle or rack and pinion drives, also electric or magnetic drives or the use of a manipulator arm are possible. Depending on the space available, it can also be advantageous to adapt the movement elements to the spatial conditions with levers, cables, chains, swivel joints and the like.

In order to improve the availability of the system and the positioning accuracy and reproducibility of a blow figure, it is possible at least to provide a displacement transducer more than is necessary in principle to determine the position. Error compensation calculations can then reduce the inaccuracies of the displacement transducers or the operation of the system remains possible even if a displacement transducer should fail.

One method for operating the system according to the invention is that the system is set up on site and then the blowing figure is run for the first time using a template or by visual observation of the water jet and the associated measured values of the displacement sensors are stored. It is also possible to calculate the setpoints for the displacement transducers for any blowing figure after the measured values of the displacement transducers have been determined for specific reference points.

The invention permits the almost arbitrary arrangement of one or more movement elements depending on the local conditions, the control of the movement element or elements by displacement sensors, despite the necessary complicated coordinate transformations, making it possible to exactly follow predetermined blow figures with predetermined speed profiles.

The environment of the present invention and various exemplary embodiments to explain it are described with reference to the following drawing. Show

1 is a view from the outside of a water lance blower in a hatch of a heating system,

2 shows a horizontal section through the wall of the heating system in the plane of the water lance blower, 3 shows schematically the mode of operation of a water lance blower in a heating system,

4 shows the view of FIG. 1 with the movement axes drawn in to explain the movement sequences,

5 shows the view from FIG. 2 with the movement axes drawn in, FIG.

6 shows the view from behind of a shortened water lance with compensation volume,

7 shows a longitudinal section through the shortened water lance,

8 is a rear view of a shortened water lance with three arms,

9 shows a longitudinal section through FIG. 8,

10 and 11 further exemplary embodiments for drive systems from

Water lances,

12 and 13 a water lance with a box for sealing and flushing medium in the view from behind and in longitudinal section.

The exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 5 serve first to illustrate the conditions in water lance blowers according to the invention. In the wall 1 of a heating system there is a hatch 2 with offset portions 3 inwards and outwards 4. The movement point is located in hatch 2 5 of the water lance 6 in the form of a pivot bearing or ball joint for the water lance 6 fixed in its center. The water lance 6 has fastening points 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 at the rear end in which the lance-side ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 are rotatably fastened (but not displaceable on the lance). The rear ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 are rotatably integrated in the fixed bearings 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, for example ball joints. The water enters the lance 6 via a connection 10 and a water supply 11 in the form of a pressure-resistant flexible hose.

Under realistic conditions, the heating system is surrounded by numerous components that prevent the installation of water lance blowers. For example, A steam pipe 13 and the fixed bearing 9.1 are attached to a first support 12 above the hatch 2. A second support 14 is arranged at a short distance, to the right of hatch 2. At this end, a light grating 15 serving as a working platform ends on the right. The second support 14 also delimits the railings 16 and 17 and the walking and working platform 15 and holds a control cabinet 18.

The lance end can be pivoted vertically from above “o” to below “u” in the swivel range S and by means of its movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and from left “1” to right “r” in its horizontal range.

Because of the background, a frame arrangement would not be possible in this area. Because of the small distance between the steam pipe 13 and the outer skin 19 of the wall 1, the space available is severely limited, which in the working area ^H S "allows large vertical paths from the upper" o "to the lower" u "lance position, but in the horizontal direction Only minimal paths are permitted between the outer skin 19 and the steam pipe 13. Because of the obstacle in the control cabinet 18, the fixed bearing 9.3 can only be attached above it and must therefore be used because of the required large approximately horizontal paths in the work area S to the bottom right ("r'V'u") to the bottom left (W) or top left (W) are fastened to the rightmost edge of the carrier 14, which likewise results in a long movement element 8.3 is required. Given the controlled distances between points 9.1-7.1 and 9.3-7.3, each position of the lance is clearly fixed together with the front pivot bearing of the lance. Only in the working area of "r" / "o" do obtuse angles occur with increased forces. According to the invention, a third but short movement element 8.2 is installed between points 7.2 and 9.2, which is controlled at the same time with its spacings and prevents vibratory and mckle-like movement of the lance 6 and the water jet.

The movement elements 8.1 to 8.3 work in the upper and on the outer right edge region of the work platform, thus do not hinder the walk on the platform and leave enough space down and to the left to allow the water connection 10 directly behind the very short lance length required for the blast jet quality Apply elbow 20 and arrange the water supply 11 to the left near the wall. First of all, this enables a short swivel path of the flexible hose and secondly it is possible to walk on the stage 15 up to the blower without any hindrance even during the blowing operation.

On the movement elements 8.1 to 8.3 there are control elements in FIG. 1 which adjust the lengths of the movement elements depending on the given blow figure and the measured values of the displacement transducers 44 shown, the position of the water lance. In each working position of the lance, each movement element 8.1-8.3 will perform a change in length and speed of change depending on the spatial geometry of the distances, angular relationships and the geometrical location of the supports 7.1-7.3 and fixed bearing 9.1-9.3, which are mutually dependent the lance movement and the guidance of the water jet are correct. For this purpose, means 45 for registering and controlling the movement of the movement elements are located on one side of the carrier 14. However, the location of the control means is not dependent on the immediate vicinity of the water lance blower. Connected to the lance blower via suitable data transmission paths 46, the control means can also be installed in a control room so that they can be accessed quickly.

In one exemplary embodiment according to the invention, after the water lance blower has been installed, the geometry between movement point 5, fastening points on the water lance 7.1-7.3 and fixed bearings 9.1-9.3 is measured, the results are entered into a computer program and the change of each movement element is blown for given blowing figures. and / or stored depending on the blowing time and transmitted to the movement elements via the control elements during operation.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the spacing of the movement elements can be set via the primary movement of the lance or a locking device (not shown) on the end of the lance, which is mechanically coupled to an adjusting device for the blowing paths, during the adjustment phase of the working areas. The changes in length of the individual movement elements resulting from each movement of the adjusting device and locking are registered and stored via the position transducers. Any blowing figures can be specified using the setting device. After removing the adjusting device and putting the control and water blowers into operation, the saved movements are executed.

The solution according to the invention will be explained in more detail below using an example: 1 after assembly with a centered lance position axially in the movement point 5, subsequent geometric dimensions for the position of the movement elements 8.1-8.3, their fixed bearings 9.1-9.3 and attachment points 7.1-7.3 on the water lance 6 relative to the central pivot point of the pivoting device 5, which is set as geometric point 0, have (FIGS. 4 and 5):

Pivotal point of part no. geometric point X Y z

5 0 0 0

7.1 ^X 7, I ^Y 7, I Z7.1

7.2 ^X 7.2 ^Y 7.2 -1.2

7.3 ^X 7.3 ^Y 7.3 -1.3

9.1 ^X 9, I ^Y 9, I Z9.1

9.2 ^X 9.2 ^X 9.2 ~?, 2

9.3 ^X 9.3 ^X 9.3 -9.3

Of course, the coordinates given in FIGS. 4 and 5 and the above table only apply to point-like pivot points, for example in the form of a ball joint. In the simplified solution shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, 5 with eye-shaped and ring-shaped connecting elements, any corrections are still to be made at the pivot point. However, these are decided on the test, since there is a necessary tolerance range for all mechanical movements of the movement elements. About the pivot point with the coordinates X; Y; Z = 0, the movement point 5, the coordinates of the wall areas to be cleaned and their boundaries are determined in that the geometric straight line (if necessary after ballistic correction for long distances) of the water jet of the lance 6 on the wall surfaces of the heating system each lance position assigned) geometric point on the wall.

The geometry of a combustion chamber part is recorded in FIG. 3. In the lower part there are 6 burner openings B, in the upper part 6 flue gas return suction openings R. The state of assembly of a water lance 6 according to FIGS. 4, 5 is shown with its movement point 5 as a geometric point 0. For the plane Y = 0, the blowing limits from G _r result on the combustion chamber walls, over the horizontal blowing area S to Gι, for the plane X = 0, the limit point G _u results from G ₀ to S (top, right, ... etc. is logically arranged in mirror image to Fig. 4, 5). A coordinate of the lance position can be geometrically assigned to any further wall point in the combustion chamber. In a preferred embodiment, this is done geometrically using the existing combustion chamber dimensions, for example using a mathematical program.

In an alternative embodiment, characteristic points of the combustion chamber walls are determined by means of on-site measurements, e.g. Laser beams replacing the lance position, which are used when the boiler is at a standstill (the longitudinal and transverse expansion of the wall surfaces must of course be taken into account during boiler operation) or other suitable measuring devices also in continuous operation.

In an analogous manner, blow paths for surface areas to be cleaned are then determined geometrically in a mathematical or measuring way and entered into the control of the movement elements. An example for 3 is the blow figure shown in FIG. 3 for cleaning the slag whiskers below some flue gas re-aspirations R and above a flue gas re-suction. The cleaning program starts at A and ends at E. The mode of operation is such that after programming the associated path-time diagrams, e.g. in the computer or data storage of the block control system, after entering the appropriate cleaning command, the water lance blower moves to position A ( Fig. 3) and with opening of the water supply, the path-time program of the movement elements 8.1-8.3 is traversed to point E and the water supply closes again there.

6 and 7 show, as a further exemplary embodiment, a water lance blower with 2 angle arms and control device which is shortened according to the invention and is therefore particularly easy to move. In the wall 1 of the heating system, the hatch 2 is located with bevels 3 and 4 inside. In the hatch 2, the movement point 5 of the water lance 6 is permanently installed and is designed as a front pivot bearing for the water lance 6 fixedly attached in the center. The lance 6 has fastening points 7.1, 7.2 at the rear end, in which the lance-side ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2 are rotatably fastened. The rear end of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2 is rotatably integrated in the fixed bearings 9.1, 9.2. The water enters the lance 6 via a connection 10 and a water supply 11 in the form of a pressure-resistant flexible hose. The movement elements are attached to a frame so that the water lance blower can be easily installed. Depending on the type of installation, the frame can also be omitted.

The lance 6 and the water connection 10 are integrated in a ball container 20 which serves as a calming volume for the water flowing in from the side. The movement elements 8.1 and 8.2 are each composed of an upper arm 21.1 u. 21.2 and one attached to the spherical shape of 20 fit curved forearm 22.1 u. 22.2; which with turntables 23.1 u. 23.2 are connected.

The turntables have drives 25.1 and 25.2 which open into the control cabinet 18 via flexible cable connections 26.1 and 26.2. Control cabinet 18 and fixed bearings 9.1 and 9.2 are fastened in a frame 27 which is arranged on the wall 1. This version of the water lance blower can only be used with a quarter frame and 2 movement elements

8.1 u. 8.2 the overall structure should be placed on one side in an area above the hatch, so that the floor area and the left

Page for inspection by a worker 28 is fully available. In particular, existing frame fragments on the heating system can be used favorably in this way in order to achieve a defined position of the water lance blower.

The extremely short lance 6 has, according to the invention, a ball container 20 at its end, which endeavors to ensure the inflow conditions of the water supply 11 in the ball and ensures a water supply to the water nozzle that is uniform over the cross section of the lance. With this arrangement of the movement elements 8.1 u. 8.2, the holding volumes 7.1 u. 7.2 With the small design, the leverage ratios are low and the stability of the lance guide with 2 movement elements is sufficient. Despite the small dimensions, the spatial arrangement of the drives 25.1 u. 25.2 and the control cabinet within the frame 26 possible. Special spatial minimizing results from the small distances between the point of movement 5 as the fulcrum and the holding members 7.1 and 7.2 with the then small control movements of the arms 8.1,

8.2 and cable connections 26.1, 26.2. In a further solution, stability problems of the lance guidance over only 2 length-controlled movement elements by additional 1-2 non-controlled movement elements loaded under tension, which run for example as ropes with counterweight over rollers (see also FIGS. 10 and 11: items 8.2, 9.2, 29) fixed. The procedure is as described in the 1st example for Fig. 1-4.

8 and 9 show another embodiment for the formation and the drive of a shortened water lance blower with 3 symmetrically arranged angle arms as movement elements. In the wall 1 of the heating system, the hatch 2 is located with bevels 3 and 4 inside. In the hatch 2, the movement point 5 is permanently installed and is designed as a front pivot bearing for the water lance 6 fixedly attached in the center. The lance 6 has fastening points 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 at the rear end, in which the lance-side ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 are rotatably fastened. The rear ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 are rotatably integrated into the fixed bearings 9.1, 9.2, 9.3. The water enters the lance 6 via a connection 10 and a water supply 11 in the form of a pressure-resistant flexible hose. The movement elements 8.1-8.3 are each composed of an upper arm 21.1-21.3, forearm 22.1-22.3 and a turntable 23.1-23.3, which are equipped with angle adjustment devices, not shown. The water lance 6 opens at the rear end into a 180 ° deflection 24, which connects to a manifold 20. This solution has the advantage that the kinking of the upper arm and forearm construction means that the fastening points 7.1-7.3 close to the pivot point 0 of the pivoting device shown as movement point 5 still work within the outer offset 4 and the path lengths of 7.1-7.3 in the working area S and thus the angles of rotation of the turntables 23.1-23.3 can be minimized. This makes a further reduction of the water lance length 6, not shown, but also the reduction of the forearm-upper arm system 22-23-21 possible in such a way that the fixed bearings 9.1-9.3 can be attached directly to the edge of the outer edge of the outer offset 4 and the overall construction tion only slightly exceeds the hatch dimensions and the required movements of the flexible hose for the water supply are further reduced. The setting of the work areas is carried out in the same way as previously described. A change in path is replaced by a change in the angle of rotation Δ Alpha of the turntables 23.1-23.3.

10 and 11 show exemplary embodiments for water lance blowers with 2 tangentially attached movement elements and a hydraulic cylinder.

The rope-shaped movement elements 8.1 and 8.3 are arranged approximately horizontally with their fixed positions 9.1 and 9.3 and roll-up devices 42, but are, in contrast to the previous solutions with their holding lengths 7.1 and 7.3, attached to the tangential outer wall area of an outer tube 35 of the water lance 6 within the offset 4. The movement element 8.2 is arranged as a hydraulic cylinder with its fixed bearing 9.2 on the support of the light grating 15 and on the lance with its attachment point 7.2 in the vicinity of the air supply 38. Air 38 and water 11 connections are axially rearward with curvatures together upwards in one direction. The air supply serves not only as a blocking and flushing medium, but also as a cooling medium.

This arrangement has the following advantages: small paths of the movement elements 8.1 and 8.3, so that only small angles of rotation of the rollers 42. Improved force effect through tangential brackets 7.1 and 7.3, in particular when the outer tube 35 is large in air cooling (air supply). Simplified common water / air supply connected with clamp 43 with the smallest space requirement. safe guidance despite cable pulling effects 8.1 and 8.3 and by hydraulic cylinders 8.2.

The embodiment shown in Figs. 12 and 13 shows schematically how water lance blowers are protected and cooled by means of a protective sleeve with sealing and purge air and e.g. can be moved by three rope-like movement elements. A shortened design of the water lance with supply of water close to the wall, in particular approximately parallel to the wall, can also be encapsulated relatively well completely with a housing, as a result of which all drive elements can be protected against contamination. Only the water supply line and measuring and control lines have to be routed through the housing to the outside. Different flow patterns, as will be explained in more detail with the aid of the drawing, can be realized, so that cooling, protection against contamination (purging) and prevention of uncontrolled gas exchange through the hatch (blocking) can be achieved at the same time. In order to protect the outlet area from contamination and aggressive gases in particular, the flushing medium can flow around it in the manner of a jacket jet.

In the wall 1 of the heating system, the hatch 2 is located with recesses toward the inside 3 and outside 4. In the hatch 2, the movement point 5 is permanently installed and is designed as a front pivot bearing for the water lance 6 fixedly attached in the center. The lance 6 has fastening points 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 at the rear end, in which the lance-side ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 are rotatably fastened. The backward The ends of the movement elements are rotatably integrated into the fixed bearings 9.1, 9.2, 9.3. The water enters the lance 6 via a connection 10 and a water supply 11 in the form of a pressure-resistant flexible hose. The non-illustrated, non-rotatable but flexibly bendable holding sections 7.1-7.3 hold stable but flexible ropes which act as movement elements 8.1-8.3. The ropes run on reels 9.1-9.3 over reels or are wound up / unwound on these reels. In a further embodiment there is a counterweight 29 (shown in dotted lines) at the end of the rope of the movement elements 8.2. The rollers have drives 25.1-25.3 with their brackets. The hatch 2 is limited by a connection box 30. The outer edge of the connection box is sealed with the lance 6 via a housing 31 and forms an air-flowed free interior 32. The lance 6 with its nozzle 33 has an inlet 34 at the end. The lance is encased by an outer tube 35. The outer tube has a separating ring 36, which forms an air jacket 37 with air supply 38 in the front area and a water deflection 39 in the rear part, which opens into the water connection 10.

Barrier and flushing fluid, preferably air, can flow through openings 40 from the air jacket 37 into the nozzle head of the lance 6 and through openings 41 into the interior 32. In this solution, the 3 movement elements 8.1-8.3 are only controlled via tensile forces. Twisting forces due to the spatial movement of the movement elements are particularly compensated for in the case of a rope, which is shown with the retractor 42 on the fixed bearing 9.3. In another solution, the roller and rope are replaced by a chain and sprocket. With this solution, as shown on the fixed bearing 9.1, the chain can hang down freely at the free end.

In a further solution, a movement element, as shown here in dashed lines for 8.2, is equipped without a drive and the necessary traction tension generated by a roller 9.2 and counterweight 29. In these solutions, the air and water supply can be accommodated in a jacket tube, the air and water supply hanging freely, arranged in a vertical plane without moving elements and. Air or water supply obstruct. With narrow ropes as movement elements, which only require small holding lengths 7.1-7.3, at max. Inclination of the lance for this also sufficient space between the housing 31 and the lance -Outerrohr35- when the holding elements pivot into the outer indentation 4 due to the structural requirements. In this case the lance can be shortened further.

The outer tube 35 with the closing hemisphere as a deflection 39 brings uniform inflow conditions of the water into the lance and, despite the short lance, ensures a swirl-free water jet with little fanning out.

Of course, all of the technical solutions listed can be coupled with one another as desired, in particular this relates to the selection and combination of the technology of the movement element (s) and their force effect on train and / or pressure and the arrangement of the brackets at different distances from the movement point 5 of the lance, the Variation as ball joint, bracket, ring eyes, joint, universal joint or rigid connection with flexible transition, the variable choice of different lengths of the movement elements and variable locations for the fixed bearings. Another advantage is the possibility of retrofitting individual components such as the movement elements, the short water lance or the displacement transducer with control or the complete water lance blower on a heating system. An advantageous retrofit is to be illustrated below using an already known type of water lance blower, as described in WO 93/12398. In a For example, on the wall, in the area of a light grating, there is a hatch with internal and external overhangs. The water lance articulated there is guided through a ball joint in the hatch. On a frame, which is fastened to the inner offset of the wall, there are spindles mounted in a frame at the top and bottom, which serve as movement elements of the water lance. The upper spindle is rotated by a drive with a path change / angle of rotation system. There are bearings on the spindles, which guide a vertical movement element in the form of a spindle. This vertical spindle also has a drive with a path change / angle of rotation change system. There is a fastening point for the water lance on the vertical spindle. By connecting the water lance at the ball joint in the hatch and at the attachment point of the vertical movement element, the jet direction of the water lance blower can be changed. This water lance blower is now convertible; instead of the long water lance, a shortened, curved one is installed, which also has an effort volume in the form of a sphere. Furthermore, the water lance blower is covered with a housing that is dust and splash proof. The movement elements are provided with displacement sensors, which are in turn connected to a control unit. The drives of the movement elements are again guided by this control. The spatial shortening of the water lance blower and its housing cover lead to the light grating being accessible from accidents. A changeable drive in connection with the displacement transducers and the control enables the execution of any blow figures.

Also the choice of the method for controlling the blow figures and their

Programming can be interlinked between the experimental measurement and mathematical program solution. In terms of measurement technology or experiment, length of the lance guide into the heating system, geometric corner points, for example maximum up / down, right / left, etc., are determined, these are entered into a mathematical program and the further path points for the blow figure are then calculated.

A further variation consists in the blowing operation with different web speeds, which has not yet been realized in other solutions, so that heavily slagged spots are blown in for a longer time or / and realizes that instead of switching the water supply valves on and off at high speed without interrupting the blowing operation from the end point E is moved to the starting point A of the next blow figure (see FIG. 3).

The following advantages result from the invention:

a. . The method ensures the variable execution of any blow figures, it is not primarily linked to the geometry of the conventional movement elements with horizontal and / or vertical movements, circular or involute movements changing by 90 °. Direction, deflection and speed can be varied as desired and individually adapted to the cleaning requirements.

b. There are no restrictions on the installation location of the water lance blower. Built hatches, lack of space and other spatial obstacles can be achieved by varying the arrangement and

Length of the movement elements with individual choice of fixed points and stops on the lance can still be used for the installation of adapted water lance blowers. This allows an optimal selection to be made for the arrangement of the water lance blowers in the heating system and the number of water lance blowers on the system is minimized.

c. Material usage, space requirements and weight of the water lance blower are minimized. In particular, the bearings and drives housed in a stable large frame and the spindles, chains and guides of the previous solutions are eliminated. The assembly is simplified.

d. Material procurement becomes considerably more flexible, since there are no requirements for fixed dimensions of construction elements. The offer on the market for motion element solutions, fixed bearings and control elements can be used as desired.

e. In the event of defects, structural deviations when replacing components can be permitted if the setting of the blow figures is adapted.

f. The dimensions of the water lance blowers, especially to the rear and to the side, are reduced. This means that it can be walked on and installed even on narrow stages.

G. The water supply is simplified and less susceptible to faults due to shorter swivel paths and elimination of bends.

REFERENCE SIGN LIST

1 wall

2 hatch

3 internal overhang

4 external overhang

5 movement point, ball joint

6 water lance

7.1-7.3 Attachment points on the water lance

8.1-8.3 Movement elements

9.1-9.3 Fastening points on the heating system

10 water connection

11 water supply

12 first carrier

13 steam pipe

14 second carrier

15 light grid

16, 17 railings

18 control cabinet, control cabinet

19 Outer skin of the heating system

20 ball volume, water flow

21.1-21.3 upper arm

22.1-22.3 forearm

23.1-23.3 turntable

24 deflection, curvature

25.1-25.2 drives

26.1-26.2 Cable connections

27 frames

28 workers

29 counterweight 30 junction box

31 housing

32 housing interior

33 nozzle

34 enema

35 outer tube

36 separating ring

37 air jacket

38 air supply

39 Water diversion

40, 41 openings

42 take-up device

43 clamp

44 displacement transducers

45 Means of control and / or registration

46 Data transmission path

Δ Alpha change in angle of rotation

ΔL path change

A beginning

E end

S work area r right

1 left

0 above u below

X, Y, z coordinates

G limit points

B burner opening

R Flue gas return opening

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Water lance blower for cleaning heating systems, a water lance (6) with its mouth on or in a hatch (2) being movably arranged (5) and a water jet through the heating system in operation and flowing with flames and / or flue gases Wall areas (AE) accessible from the hatch (2)) can be blown, characterized in that the water lance blower can be moved by at least one movement element (8.1, 8.2, 8.3), displacement transducers for the exact determination of the position of the water lance (6) are present and at least the area of the hatch (2) is sealed by a housing (31) which can be acted upon with a blocking and flushing medium.

2. Water lance blower according to Anspmch 1, characterized in that the water lance (6) is shortened by the water supply (10) angled once or several times (20, 24; 39) and in the outside of the heating system

At the end of the water lance blower, an expanded calming volume (20), in particular an approximately spherical volume, for which the supplied water is present.

3. Water lance blower according to claim 2, characterized in that the water supply line (11) takes place in the area near the wall in the vicinity of the movement point (5) of the water lance (6), in particular initially has a curvature (20) of approximately 90 ° to 150 °, then a piece runs parallel to the water lance (6) against the flow direction and then A curvature (24) of 90 ° to 180 ° leads into the water lance (6) or into the calming volume (20, 39).

4. Water lance blower according to Anspmch 3, characterized in that the Wasserzufühmng (11) approximately parallel to the wall (1) of the

Heating system between movement elements (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) required for the movement of the water lance (6).

5. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (31) the entire

Mechanics seals, and through its wall only the water supply (11), the line for sealing and flushing fluid (38) and the control and measuring lines of the movement elements (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are led to the outside.

6. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its housing (31) individually or together with a plurality of housings (31) are connected at approximately the same vertical height with a blower for supply with sealing and flushing medium.

7 water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a differential pressure meter for

Measurement and control of the differential pressure between the interior of the heating system and the interior (32) of the

Housing (31) is present.

8. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a temperature sensor is arranged in the region of the movement point (5) of the water lance (6), - 31 -

which serves as an actual value transmitter for the amount of blocking and flushing medium per unit of time.

9. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide (37) of the locking and

Flushing medium surrounds the actual water lance (6) in the outlet area (33) in such a way that a kind of jacket jet is formed around the outlet area (33).

10. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (31) for the blocking and flushing medium has partially flexible walls and / or intermediate walls.

11. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least three Bewegungselemen¬ te (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are present, the adjacent fastening points (9.1, 9.2, 9.3) with the movement point (5) of the water lance (6 ) preferably form angles of about 80 ° to 140 °.

12. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement elements (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) themselves contain displacement sensors which measure their exact length and / or angular position to a reference position.

13. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one additional Weg¬ pick-up arm is present, which has position transducers for determining the exact position of the water lance blower.

14. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement elements (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) and the displacement transducers are connected to a common control electronics, which determine the exact position of the water lance (6) from the measured values of the displacement transducers. calculated and

Control commands to the movement elements (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are given, in particular certain previously calculated and / or previously stored movement sequences of the water lance (6) can be exactly repeated with respect to travel path and speed.

15. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement elements (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are hydraulic or pneumatic reciprocating pistons, each with one end (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) on the outer wall of the

Heat system and with the other end (9.1, 9.2, 9.3) to the part of the water lance (6) lying outside the heat system.

16. Water lance blower according to one of claims 1 to 14, da¬ characterized in that the movement elements are Spindel¬ drives or rack drives, each with one end (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) directly or by means of a frame on the outer skin (19) Heating system and with the other end (9.1, 9.2, 9.3) on the outside of the heating system

Part of the water lance (6) are articulated.

17. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement transducers are angle and / or length transducers.

18. Water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one displacement transducer is more than is necessary for determining the position in order to increase the positioning accuracy and the availability.

19. A method for operating a water lance blower according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water lance blower by at least one movement element (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) along certain pre-calculated or previously stored movement lines (AE) with pre-calculated or previously stored, variable, speeds dependent in particular on the position.

20. The method according to Anspmch 19, characterized in that the respective current position of the water lance (6) by means of arranged on the movement elements (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) and / or on at least one separate displacement transducer arm length and / or angle transducers with respect to a Reference position is determined exactly and is used on-line to further control the movement sequence.

21. The method according to Anspmch 20, characterized in that at least one measured value of a displacement sensor is more than

Position determination is required to be measured and processed in order to increase the measuring accuracy by means of error compensation calculation and to increase the availability in the event of a sensor failure.

22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the inclusion and / or change of motion sequences for cleaning in a programmable control interactively on-site by means of manual specification or conventional communication techniques with a computer, e.g. Screen and mouse.

23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that different parts of the predetermined lines of motion at different speeds, depending on

Cleaning needs or sensitivity of individual areas.

24. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the supply of locking and flushing medium in

Depending on the differential pressure between the interior of the heating system and the interior (32) of the housing (31) is regulated.

25 The method according to any one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the supply of sealing and rinsing medium is regulated as a function of the temperature in the region of the movement point (5) of the water lance (6).