EP0826943A1 - Aluminium based collar manifold,for heat exchanger,in particular for automotive vehicle - Google Patents

Aluminium based collar manifold,for heat exchanger,in particular for automotive vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0826943A1
EP0826943A1 EP97114201A EP97114201A EP0826943A1 EP 0826943 A1 EP0826943 A1 EP 0826943A1 EP 97114201 A EP97114201 A EP 97114201A EP 97114201 A EP97114201 A EP 97114201A EP 0826943 A1 EP0826943 A1 EP 0826943A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collector
external
tube
face
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97114201A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0826943B1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric Letrange
Carlos Martins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Application filed by Valeo Thermique Moteur SA filed Critical Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Publication of EP0826943A1 publication Critical patent/EP0826943A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/182—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/08—Reinforcing means for header boxes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49389—Header or manifold making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49393—Heat exchanger or boiler making with metallurgical bonding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, especially a motor vehicle.
  • collectors based aluminum such heat exchangers comprising a external face coated with external plating and a multiplicity openings each to receive one end of the tube of predefined section and covered externally with external plating.
  • the joining tubes relative to the collector is carried out level of openings by welding or brazing.
  • the openings of this type of collector are generally made by cutting, with removal of material.
  • the contact between the end of a tube, coated with an external cladding, and the collector, therefore takes place on the periphery of the opening in which said end is introduced.
  • the contact is therefore made at the thickness of the wall of the collector, which is not coated with plating because cutting.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to propose a collector of the type described in the introduction which does not present the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose an aluminum-based collector each opening of which is made by puncturing then shaping of a selected and stamped area so that the external face of the collector defines a collar in this zone of internal cross section substantially identical to the predefined section of the end of a tube, allowing thus, after insertion of the tube into the opening of the collar, to obtain surface contact between the external veneers the collar and the end of the tube.
  • Puncture is understood to mean a specific punching, in principle without material removal, which facilitates the realization collar, thus obtaining an excellent seal sealing by brazing.
  • the external plating of the collector and of the end of the tube are aluminum alloys and silicon.
  • the internal face of the collector which is opposite its external face, is coated with an internal plating, such as for example an alloy of aluminum and zinc whose anti-corrosion properties are well known. This contributes to strengthen the protection of the heat exchanger against corrosion.
  • an internal plating such as for example an alloy of aluminum and zinc whose anti-corrosion properties are well known. This contributes to strengthen the protection of the heat exchanger against corrosion.
  • the collector is made of an aluminum and magnesium alloy, the percentage of magnesium preferably being greater than 2%. This significantly strengthens the mechanical strength of the collector, compared to an aluminum collector pure.
  • an intermediate cladding made, for example, in a aluminum and zinc alloy.
  • Such an intermediate plating makes it possible to limit, or even stop, the diffusion of magnesium towards the external plating, thus helping to further strengthen the quality of the seal sealing obtained by brazing.
  • the puncture is a punching without removing material, which prevents not damage the external cladding at the openings.
  • step a ') in which the chosen area is stamped, with a first part, on the side of the external face of the collector, so as to achieve on said internal face a first relief imprint of dimensions substantially equal to those of the body of the punch, then a second part, on the side of the internal face of the collector, so as to produce on said external face a second relief imprint surrounding at least part of the first impression.
  • a collector To make a collector according to the invention, one starts from a substantially flat, aluminum-based plate 1.
  • the internal face 4 is also coated with a internal plating, anti-corrosion, such as an alloy aluminum and zinc.
  • a internal plating, anti-corrosion such as an alloy aluminum and zinc.
  • This first raised imprint 7 has dimensions substantially equal to the dimensions of a tube end 8 (see figure 3), and a punch (see figure 2) intended for make openings 17 to which we will return more far.
  • the first imprint 7 is of substantially oval shape long side (longitudinal) L and short side (transverse) l.
  • the length L 'of the longitudinal extension of the second footprint is significantly larger than L.
  • the first and second fingerprints can be performed in a single step using a suitable machine tool.
  • FIG. 1D we use another tool 11 comprising at least one punch 10 (in FIG. 1D, two punches are illustrated), as well as a matrix 12 in which are made as many holes 13 as there are punches 10 provided, said holes 13 being arranged to allow the punches to slide 10.
  • Each punch 10 includes a tapered end portion and cutting edge 14 extended by a body 15 of cross section substantially identical to the shape of the first impression 7, as well as to the external cross section of a tube end 8.
  • Each hole 13 of the matrix 12 has a shape adapted to that of the body 15 of a punch 10, but slightly higher for reasons which will be explained later.
  • the plate 2 is punctured, without removing material, which drafts future openings 17.
  • the central part 6 of the collector 1 is then provided with its or its opening (s), and consequently the ends 8 of tubes can be introduced into them, as illustrated on Figure 3.
  • This surface contact is made over several millimeters high, which allows, during the brazing step, to obtain a very effective seal.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B we now refer to FIGS. 4A and 4B to describe a manifold variant according to the invention.
  • these collectors in pure aluminum can be made of an alloy aluminum and magnesium.
  • the percentage of magnesium is chosen greater than 2%.
  • This type of collector offers resistance characteristics significantly superior to those presented by collectors in pure aluminum.
  • the magnesium contained in the alloy tends to diffuse, during the soldering step, in the direction, in particular, external cladding 3, which tends to decrease the effectiveness of the seal at the solder joint, by reducing the wettability of the outer plating of the external side 2. It is therefore preferable to place between the outer cladding 3 and the aluminum alloy plate and magnesium forming the collector 1, a plating intermediate 20 made of an alloy of aluminum and zinc whose physical characteristics allow limit, or even completely stop, the dissemination of magnesium towards the outer plating 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The aluminium-based heat exchanger manifold has an outer face (2) with a facing layer (3) and apertures (17) to receive the ends of tubes (8) with outer surface layers (19). Each of the apertures is made by piercing and shaping the manifold wall so as to create a contact surface between the respective facing layers of the aperture and tube. The facing layers on the manifold and tube end are of an aluminium/silicium alloy. The inner surface (4) of the manifold also has a facing layer (5) which is of aluminium and zinc or aluminium and magnesium with the magnesium content of over 2 per cent. In a variant the outer surface of the manifold can have an intermediate facing layer of aluminium and zinc between its main surface and its outer facing layer.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine des échangeurs de chaleur, notamment de véhicule automobile.The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, especially a motor vehicle.

Elle concerne plus précisément les collecteurs à base d'aluminium de tels échangeurs de chaleur, comprenant une face externe revêtue d'un placage externe et une multiplicité d'ouvertures propres à recevoir chacune une extrémité de tube de section prédéfinie et recouverte extérieurement d'un placage externe.It relates more specifically to collectors based aluminum such heat exchangers, comprising a external face coated with external plating and a multiplicity openings each to receive one end of the tube of predefined section and covered externally with external plating.

Dans les collecteurs actuels, à base d'aluminium, la solidarisation des tubes relativement au collecteur, s'effectue au niveau des ouvertures par soudage ou brasage.In current collectors, based on aluminum, the joining tubes relative to the collector, is carried out level of openings by welding or brazing.

Or, les ouvertures de ce type de collecteur sont généralement réalisées par découpe, avec enlèvement de matière. Le contact entre l'extrémité d'un tube, revêtue d'un placage externe, et le collecteur, s'effectue par conséquent sur la périphérie de l'ouverture dans laquelle ladite extrémité est introduite. Le contact s'effectue donc au niveau de l'épaisseur de la paroi du collecteur, laquelle n'est pas revêtue de placage du fait de la découpe.However, the openings of this type of collector are generally made by cutting, with removal of material. The contact between the end of a tube, coated with an external cladding, and the collector, therefore takes place on the periphery of the opening in which said end is introduced. The contact is therefore made at the thickness of the wall of the collector, which is not coated with plating because cutting.

Il en résulte que l'étanchéité, obtenue par le joint de brasure au niveau de chaque ouverture, n'est pas parfaite. Il peut donc survenir des fuites et des problèmes de corrosion dont les conséquences peuvent être graves.As a result, the seal obtained by the seal of soldering at each opening, is not perfect. he leaks and corrosion problems can therefore occur the consequences of which can be serious.

Par ailleurs, en raison des limitations de poids et d'encombrement que l'on rencontre dans les compartiments moteurs des véhicules actuels, les constructeurs sont obligés d'utiliser des matériaux légers et de faible épaisseur. Or, les matériaux de faible épaisseur utilisés ne présentent pas toujours des caractéristiques de résistance mécanique, notamment, suffisantes pour les tenues en pression cyclée. Furthermore, due to weight and space limitations found in the engine compartments of current vehicles, manufacturers are obliged to use light and thin materials. The materials thin used do not always have mechanical strength characteristics, in particular, sufficient for cycling pressure holdings.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on réalise certains collecteurs dans un alliage d'aluminium et de magnésium dont la résistance mécanique est bien supérieure à celle de l'aluminium pur.To remedy this drawback, certain collectors in an aluminum and magnesium alloy including the mechanical resistance is much higher than that of pure aluminum.

Or, il est apparu que, lors de l'opération de brasage, une partie du magnésium diffusait vers le joint de brasure, réduisant ainsi la mouillabilité des surfaces à braser. Il en résulte une réduction notable de l'étanchéité du joint de brasure qui peut induire des fuites et accentuer la corrosion.However, it appeared that, during the brazing operation, a part of the magnesium diffused towards the solder joint, thus reducing the wettability of the surfaces to be brazed. It results in a significant reduction in the seal of the solder which can induce leaks and accentuate corrosion.

Un but de l'invention est donc de proposer un collecteur du type décrit dans l'introduction qui ne présente pas les inconvénients précités.An object of the invention is therefore to propose a collector of the type described in the introduction which does not present the aforementioned drawbacks.

L'invention propose à cet effet un collecteur à base d'aluminium dont chaque ouverture est réalisée par crevage puis conformage d'une zone choisie et emboutie de sorte que la face externe du collecteur délimite en cette zone un collet de section transversale interne sensiblement identique à la section prédéfinie de l'extrémité d'un tube, permettant ainsi, après introduction du tube dans l'ouverture du collet, d'obtenir un contact surfacique entre les placages externes respectifs du collet et de l'extrémité du tube.The invention proposes for this purpose an aluminum-based collector each opening of which is made by puncturing then shaping of a selected and stamped area so that the external face of the collector defines a collar in this zone of internal cross section substantially identical to the predefined section of the end of a tube, allowing thus, after insertion of the tube into the opening of the collar, to obtain surface contact between the external veneers the collar and the end of the tube.

On entend par crevage, un poinçonnage particulier, en principe sans enlèvement de matière, qui facilite la réalisation du collet, permettant ainsi d'obtenir un excellent joint d'étanchéité par brasure.Puncture is understood to mean a specific punching, in principle without material removal, which facilitates the realization collar, thus obtaining an excellent seal sealing by brazing.

Avantageusement, les placages externes du collecteur et de l'extrémité du tube sont des alliages d'aluminium et de silicium.Advantageously, the external plating of the collector and of the end of the tube are aluminum alloys and silicon.

Préférentiellement, la face interne du collecteur, qui est opposée à sa face externe, est revêtue d'un placage interne, comme par exemple un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc dont les propriétés anti-corrosives sont bien connues. Cela contribue à renforcer la protection de l'échangeur de chaleur contre la corrosion.Preferably, the internal face of the collector, which is opposite its external face, is coated with an internal plating, such as for example an alloy of aluminum and zinc whose anti-corrosion properties are well known. This contributes to strengthen the protection of the heat exchanger against corrosion.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférentielle, le collecteur est réalisé dans un alliage d'aluminium et de magnésium, le pourcentage de magnésium étant de préférence supérieur à 2%. Cela permet de renforcer notablement la résistance mécanique du collecteur, comparativement à un collecteur en aluminium pur.In a preferred embodiment, the collector is made of an aluminum and magnesium alloy, the percentage of magnesium preferably being greater than 2%. This significantly strengthens the mechanical strength of the collector, compared to an aluminum collector pure.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on prévoit, entre la face externe du collecteur et son placage externe, un placage intermédiaire réalisé, par exemple, dans un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc.According to another characteristic of the invention, provision is made, between the external face of the collector and its external cladding, an intermediate cladding made, for example, in a aluminum and zinc alloy.

Un tel placage intermédiaire permet de limiter, voire stopper, la diffusion du magnésium vers le placage externe, contribuant ainsi à renforcer encore plus la qualité du joint d'étanchéité obtenu par brasure.Such an intermediate plating makes it possible to limit, or even stop, the diffusion of magnesium towards the external plating, thus helping to further strengthen the quality of the seal sealing obtained by brazing.

L'invention concerne également un procédé d'obtention d'ouvertures du type décrit précédemment, et comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • a) prévoir un outil comprenant un poinçon muni d'une extrémité tranchante prolongée par un corps de section transversale identique à celle d'une extrémité de tube, ainsi qu'une matrice munie d'au moins un trou de section sensiblement égale à la section transversale du corps du poinçon augmentée de l'épaisseur du collecteur,
  • b) placer la matrice en regard d'une face interne du collecteur, opposée à sa face externe, de sorte que ledit trou soit placé au dessus d'une zone choisie, puis appliquer l'extrémité tranchante du poinçon sur la face externe du collecteur, au niveau de la zone choisie, de façon à faire pénétrer la face interne du collecteur dans le trou,
  • c) crever ladite zone pour ébaucher une ouverture et faire pénétrer dans le trou la matière formant le collecteur et délimitant ladite ouverture, de sorte qu'un collet se forme, puis, faire coulisser le corps dudit poinçon dans le trou de sorte que le collet et son ouverture présentent une section transversale interne identique à la section prédéfinie de l'extrémité d'un tube destinée à être solidarisé du collecteur au niveau d'une ouverture.
    • The invention also relates to a method for obtaining openings of the type described above, and comprising the following steps:
  • a) providing a tool comprising a punch provided with a cutting end extended by a body of cross section identical to that of a tube end, as well as a die provided with at least one hole of section substantially equal to the section transverse of the body of the punch increased by the thickness of the collector,
  • b) place the matrix opposite an internal face of the collector, opposite its external face, so that said hole is placed above a chosen area, then apply the sharp end of the punch on the external face of the collector , at the level of the chosen zone, so as to make the internal face of the collector penetrate into the hole,
  • c) bursting said zone to rough out an opening and making the material forming the collector and delimiting said opening penetrate into the hole, so that a collar is formed, then sliding the body of said punch into the hole so that the collar and its opening have an internal cross section identical to the predefined section of the end of a tube intended to be secured to the manifold at an opening.

    • Selon une autre caractéristique du procédé, le crevage est un poinçonnage sans enlèvement de matière, ce qui permet de ne pas endommager le placage externe au niveau des ouvertures.According to another characteristic of the process, the puncture is a punching without removing material, which prevents not damage the external cladding at the openings.

    Préférentiellement, entre les étapes a) et b), on prévoit une étape a') dans laquelle on emboutit la zone choisie, d'une première part, du côté de la face externe du collecteur, de façon à réaliser sur ladite face interne une première empreinte en relief de dimensions sensiblement égales à celles du corps du poinçon, puis d'une seconde part, du côté de la face interne du collecteur, de façon à réaliser sur ladite face externe une seconde empreinte en relief entourant une partie au moins de la première empreinte.Preferably, between steps a) and b), provision is made for step a ') in which the chosen area is stamped, with a first part, on the side of the external face of the collector, so as to achieve on said internal face a first relief imprint of dimensions substantially equal to those of the body of the punch, then a second part, on the side of the internal face of the collector, so as to produce on said external face a second relief imprint surrounding at least part of the first impression.

    Dans la description qui suit, faite à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

    • la figure 1A illustre une première étape de réalisation d'un collecteur selon l'invention dans une vue en coupe longitudinale;
    • les figures 1B et 1C illustrent une seconde étape de réalisation d'un collecteur selon l'invention dans des vues en coupe longitudinale et transversale;
    • les figures 1D et 1E illustrent une troisième étape de réalisation d'un collecteur selon l'invention dans des vues en coupe transversale et longitudinale;
    • la figure 2 illustre en vue du dessus un poinçon permettant de réaliser les ouvertures d'un collecteur selon l'invention;
    • la figure 3 illustre, en coupe transversale, un premier type de collecteur équipé de tubes; et
    • les figures 4A et 4B illustrent un second mode de réalisation d'un collecteur selon l'invention, équipé de tubes, la figure 4B étant un agrandissement d'une partie de la figure 4A.
    In the description which follows, given by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
    • FIG. 1A illustrates a first step in producing a manifold according to the invention in a view in longitudinal section;
    • Figures 1B and 1C illustrate a second step of producing a manifold according to the invention in views in longitudinal and transverse section;
    • Figures 1D and 1E illustrate a third step in producing a collector according to the invention in cross-sectional and longitudinal views;
    • Figure 2 illustrates a top view of a punch for making the openings of a manifold according to the invention;
    • FIG. 3 illustrates, in cross section, a first type of collector equipped with tubes; and
    • FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a second embodiment of a collector according to the invention, equipped with tubes, FIG. 4B being an enlargement of a part of FIG. 4A.

    On se réfère tout d'abord aux figures 1A à 1E, et 2 pour décrire les principales étapes d'un procédé d'obtention d'ouvertures dans un collecteur à base d'aluminium.We first refer to Figures 1A to 1E, and 2 for describe the main stages of a production process openings in an aluminum-based collector.

    Pour réaliser un collecteur selon l'invention, on part d'une plaque sensiblement plane, à base d'aluminium 1. On revêt la surface externe 2 d'un placage externe 3, de préférence en alliage d'aluminium et de silicium.To make a collector according to the invention, one starts from a substantially flat, aluminum-based plate 1. The external surface 2 of an external cladding 3, preferably in aluminum and silicon alloy.

    Préférentiellement, on revêt également la face interne 4 d'un placage interne, anti-corrosif, comme par exemple un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc.Preferably, the internal face 4 is also coated with a internal plating, anti-corrosion, such as an alloy aluminum and zinc.

    Puis, à l'aide d'une machine-outil appropriée, on emboutit, en des zones choisies, une partie centrale 6 de la plaque 1 de façon à y former une première empreinte 7 en relief du côté de la face interne 4.Then, using an appropriate machine tool, it is stamped, in selected areas, a central part 6 of the plate 1 so as to form there a first imprint 7 in relief of the side of the inner side 4.

    Cette première empreinte 7 en relief présente des dimensions sensiblement égales aux dimensions d'une extrémité de tube 8 (voir figure 3), et d'un poinçon (voir figure 2) destiné à réaliser des ouvertures 17 sur lesquelles on reviendra plus loin. La première empreinte 7 est de forme sensiblement ovale de grand côté (longitudinal) L et de petit côté (transversal) ℓ.This first raised imprint 7 has dimensions substantially equal to the dimensions of a tube end 8 (see figure 3), and a punch (see figure 2) intended for make openings 17 to which we will return more far. The first imprint 7 is of substantially oval shape long side (longitudinal) L and short side (transverse) ℓ.

    Une coupe longitudinale de cette première empreinte 7 est donnée sur la figure 1A.A longitudinal section of this first imprint 7 is given in Figure 1A.

    On réalise ensuite (voir figures 1B et 1C), toujours par emboutissage, une seconde empreinte 9 en relief sur la face externe 2 de la plaque, autour d'une partie au moins de la première empreinte 7, de façon à former au moins sur les côtés longitudinaux L de la première empreinte 7 deux rainures. Bien entendu, la rainure qui se trouve située entre deux premières empreintes 7 parallèles et voisines forme seconde empreinte 9 pour chacune desdites premières empreintes.We then carry out (see Figures 1B and 1C), still by stamping, a second imprint 9 in relief on the face outer 2 of the plate, around at least part of the first impression 7, so as to form at least on the longitudinal sides L of the first impression 7 two grooves. Of course, the groove which is located between first two parallel and neighboring imprints 7 form second imprint 9 for each of said first imprints.

    La longueur L' de l'extension longitudinale de la seconde empreinte est sensiblement supérieure à L.The length L 'of the longitudinal extension of the second footprint is significantly larger than L.

    Bien entendu, les première et seconde empreintes peuvent être réalisées en une seule et unique étape à l'aide d'une machine-outil appropriée.Of course, the first and second fingerprints can be performed in a single step using a suitable machine tool.

    Puis, comme illustré sur la figure 1D, on utilise un autre outil 11 comprenant au moins un poinçon 10 (sur la figure 1D, deux poinçons sont illustrés), ainsi qu'une matrice 12 dans laquelle se trouvent réalisés autant de trous 13 qu'il y a de poinçons 10 prévus, lesdits trous 13 étant agencés pour permettre le coulissement des poinçons 10.Then, as illustrated in Figure 1D, we use another tool 11 comprising at least one punch 10 (in FIG. 1D, two punches are illustrated), as well as a matrix 12 in which are made as many holes 13 as there are punches 10 provided, said holes 13 being arranged to allow the punches to slide 10.

    Chaque poinçon 10 comprend une partie d'extrémité effilée et tranchante 14 prolongée par un corps 15 de section transversale sensiblement identique à la forme de la première empreinte 7, ainsi qu'à la section transversale externe d'une extrémité de tube 8.Each punch 10 includes a tapered end portion and cutting edge 14 extended by a body 15 of cross section substantially identical to the shape of the first impression 7, as well as to the external cross section of a tube end 8.

    Chaque trou 13 de la matrice 12 présente une forme adaptée à celle du corps 15 d'un poinçon 10, mais légèrement supérieure pour des raisons que l'on expliquera plus loin.Each hole 13 of the matrix 12 has a shape adapted to that of the body 15 of a punch 10, but slightly higher for reasons which will be explained later.

    L'obtention des ouvertures s'effectue alors comme suit.Obtaining the openings is then carried out as follows.

    Tout d'abord, on positionne la matrice 12 de l'outil 11 de façon que chacun de ses trous soit placé au-dessus d'une première empreinte 7, au contact de la face interne 4. Puis on déplace les poinçons 10 sensiblement perpendiculairement au plan défini par la plaque collectrice 1, et parallèlement à l'axe des trous 13, jusqu'à ce que leurs extrémités 14 respectives soient au contact de la face externe conformée 2 au niveau des premières empreintes 7. First, we position the matrix 12 of the tool 11 of so that each of its holes is placed above a first impression 7, in contact with the internal face 4. Then the punches 10 are moved substantially perpendicularly to the plane defined by the collector plate 1, and in parallel to the axis of the holes 13, until their ends 14 are in contact with the shaped external face 2 at the level of the first fingerprints 7.

    A l'aide des extrémités tranchantes 14, on crève la plaque 2, sans enlever de matière, ce qui ébauche les futures ouvertures 17.Using the sharp ends 14, the plate 2 is punctured, without removing material, which drafts future openings 17.

    Ensuite, on force le passage du corps 15 du poinçon 10 au travers de l'ébauche d'ouverture en continuant à faire coulisser ledit poinçon à l'intérieur du trou 13 (voir figures 1D et 1E). En raison des dimensions du trou 13, une partie du matériau constituant la plaque 1 est entraínée par le poinçon 10 à l'intérieur dudit trou 13, formant ainsi un collet repoussé 16 de dimension égale à la section transversale du corps 15 du poinçon 10. D'autre part, cela conforme l'ouverture 17, préalablement ébauchée par le crevage, aux dimensions du corps de poinçon, et par conséquent aux dimensions des extrémités de tubes 8 qu'il est censé recevoir.Then, force the passage of the body 15 from the punch 10 to the through the opening blank while continuing to do slide said punch inside hole 13 (see Figures 1D and 1E). Due to the dimensions of hole 13, a part of the material constituting the plate 1 is driven by the punch 10 inside said hole 13, thus forming a pushed collar 16 of dimension equal to the cross section of the body 15 of the punch 10. On the other hand, this conforms opening 17, previously outlined by the puncture, at dimensions of the punch body, and therefore dimensions of the tube ends 8 that it is supposed to receive.

    La partie centrale 6 du collecteur 1 est alors munie de sa ou ses ouverture(s), et par conséquent les extrémités 8 de tubes peuvent être introduites dans celles-ci, comme illustré sur la figure 3.The central part 6 of the collector 1 is then provided with its or its opening (s), and consequently the ends 8 of tubes can be introduced into them, as illustrated on Figure 3.

    Une fois l'extrémité du tube introduite dans une ouverture 17, on réalise un contact surfacique entre le placage externe 3 de la face externe 2 de la plaque 1 qui délimite le collet 16, et le placage externe 19 de la paroi 18 délimitant l'extrémité 8 du tube.Once the end of the tube is inserted into an opening 17, a surface contact is made between the external cladding 3 of the external face 2 of the plate 1 which delimits the collar 16, and the external cladding 19 of the wall 18 delimiting the end 8 of the tube.

    Ce contact surfacique est réalisé sur plusieurs millimètres de haut, ce qui permet, lors de l'étape de brasage, d'obtenir un joint d'étanchéité très performant.This surface contact is made over several millimeters high, which allows, during the brazing step, to obtain a very effective seal.

    On se réfère maintenant aux figures 4A et 4B pour décrire une variante de collecteur selon l'invention.We now refer to FIGS. 4A and 4B to describe a manifold variant according to the invention.

    En raison de la relative fragilité des collecteurs en aluminium pur, ceux-ci peuvent être réalisés dans un alliage d'aluminium et de magnésium. De préférence, le pourcentage de magnésium est choisi supérieur à 2%. Due to the relative fragility of the collectors in pure aluminum, these can be made of an alloy aluminum and magnesium. Preferably, the percentage of magnesium is chosen greater than 2%.

    Ce type de collecteur offre des caractéristiques de résistance mécanique notablement supérieures à celles que présentent les collecteurs en aluminium pur.This type of collector offers resistance characteristics significantly superior to those presented by collectors in pure aluminum.

    Cependant, le magnésium contenu dans l'alliage a tendance à diffuser, lors de l'étape de brasure, en direction, notamment, du placage externe 3, ce qui a tendance à diminuer l'efficacité de l'étanchéité au niveau du joint de brasure, par réduction de la mouillabilité du placage externe de la face externe 2. Il est par conséquent préférable de placer entre le placage externe 3 et la plaque en alliage d'aluminium et magnésium formant le collecteur 1, un placage intermédiaire 20 réalisé dans un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc dont les caractéristiques physiques permettent de limiter, voire de stopper totalement, la diffusion du magnésium en direction du placage externe 3.However, the magnesium contained in the alloy tends to diffuse, during the soldering step, in the direction, in particular, external cladding 3, which tends to decrease the effectiveness of the seal at the solder joint, by reducing the wettability of the outer plating of the external side 2. It is therefore preferable to place between the outer cladding 3 and the aluminum alloy plate and magnesium forming the collector 1, a plating intermediate 20 made of an alloy of aluminum and zinc whose physical characteristics allow limit, or even completely stop, the dissemination of magnesium towards the outer plating 3.

    Cela permet ainsi de réaliser des collecteurs de très grande étanchéité, et dont les caractéristiques mécaniques permettent des tenues en pression cyclée très importantes.This makes it possible to produce very large collectors waterproof, and whose mechanical characteristics allow very important cyclic pressure outfits.

    L'invention ne se limite pas au mode de réalisation et au procédé décrits ci-avant, mais elle englobe toutes les variantes que pourra développer l'homme de l'art dans le cadre des revendications ci-après.The invention is not limited to the embodiment and to the process described above, but it encompasses all of the variants that a person skilled in the art may develop in the The scope of the claims below.

    Ainsi, on a décrit un collecteur dans lequel les ouvertures sont réalisées après formation de premières et secondes empreintes. Mais ces empreintes ne sont pas indispensables.Thus, a collector has been described in which the openings are performed after first and second training fingerprints. But these fingerprints are not essential.

    Par ailleurs, on a décrit un collecteur dans lequel les ouvertures sont tout d'abord ébauchées par crevage, sans enlèvement de matière. Mais, on peut parfaitement envisager d'ébaucher lesdites ouvertures par crevage, avec enlèvement de matière, pourvu que l'ébauche présente des dimensions sensiblement plus petites que celles d'une extrémité de tube, de sorte que des collets puissent être formés.Furthermore, a collector has been described in which the openings are first cut by puncturing, without removal of material. But, we can perfectly consider to rough out said openings by puncturing, with removal of material, provided that the blank has dimensions significantly smaller than those of a tube end, so that collars can be formed.

    Claims (11)

    Collecteur à base d'aluminium pour échangeur de chaleur, notamment de véhicule automobile, ledit collecteur (1) comprenant une face externe (2) revêtue d'un placage externe (3) et une multiplicité d'ouvertures (17) propres à recevoir chacune une extrémité de tube (8) de section prédéfinie et recouverte extérieurement d'un placage externe (19), caractérisé en ce que chaque ouverture (17) est réalisée par crevage puis conformage d'une zone choisie du collecteur, laquelle zone est emboutie de sorte que la face externe (2) du collecteur délimite en ladite zone un collet (16) de section transversale interne sensiblement identique à la section prédéfinie de l'extrémité d'un tube (8), ce qui permet, après introduction du tube dans l'ouverture (17) du collet, d'obtenir un contact surfacique entre les placages externes respectifs (3;19) du collet (16) et de l'extrémité dudit tube (8).Aluminum-based manifold for heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, said collector (1) comprising an external face (2) coated with an external cladding (3) and a multiplicity of openings (17) suitable for receiving each one end of tube (8) of predefined section and externally covered with an external cladding (19), characterized in that each opening (17) is made by puncturing then shaping of a chosen area of the collector, which area is stamped so that the external face (2) of the collector delimits in said zone a collar (16) of cross section internal substantially identical to the predefined section the end of a tube (8), which allows, after introduction of the tube in the opening (17) of the collar, to obtain a surface contact between the respective external veneers (3; 19) of the collar (16) and the end of said tube (8). Collecteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les placages externes (3;19) du collecteur et des extrémités de tube (8) sont en alliage d'aluminium et de silicium.Collector according to claim 1, characterized in that that the external claddings (3; 19) of the collector and tube ends (8) are made of aluminum alloy and silicon. Collecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une face interne (4), opposée a la face externe (2), revêtue d'un placage interne (5).Collector according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises an internal face (4), opposite the external face (2), coated with an internal cladding (5). Collecteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le placage interne (5) est un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc.Collector according to claim 3, characterized in that that the internal cladding (5) is an alloy of aluminum and zinc. Collecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé dans un alliage d'aluminium et de magnésium.Collector according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is made of an aluminum alloy and magnesium. Collecteur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le pourcentage de magnésium est supérieur à 2%. Collector according to claim 5, characterized in that that the percentage of magnesium is greater than 2%. Collecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, entre sa face externe (2) et son placage externe (3), un placage intermédiaire (20).Collector according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises, between its external face (2) and its external cladding (3), an intermediate cladding (20). Collecteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le placage intermédiaire (20) est un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc.Collector according to claim 7, characterized in that that the intermediate cladding (20) is an aluminum alloy and zinc. Procédé d'obtention d'ouvertures dans des zones choisies d'un collecteur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : a) prévoir un outil (11) comprenant un poinçon (10) muni d'une extrémité (14) tranchante prolongée par un corps (15) de section transversale identique à celle d'une extrémité de tube, ainsi qu'une matrice (12) munie d'au moins un trou (13) de section sensiblement égale à la section transversale du corps (15) du poinçon augmentée de l'épaisseur du collecteur, b) placer la matrice (12) en regard d'une face interne (4) du collecteur, opposée à sa face externe (2), de sorte que ledit trou (13) soit placé au dessus d'une zone choisie, puis appliquer l'extrémité tranchante (14) du poinçon (10) sur la face externe (2) du collecteur (1), au niveau de la zone choisie, de façon à faire pénétrer la face interne (4) du collecteur (1) dans le trou (13), c) crever ladite zone pour ébaucher une ouverture (17) et faire pénétrer dans le trou (13) la matière formant le collecteur (1) et délimitant ladite ouverture (17), de sorte qu'un collet (16) se forme, puis, faire coulisser le corps (15) dudit poinçon (10) dans le trou (13) de sorte que le collet (16) et son ouverture (17) présentent une section transversale interne identique à la section prédéfinie de l'extrémité d'un tube (8) destinée à être solidarisé du collecteur (1) au niveau d'une ouverture (17). Method for obtaining openings in selected areas of a collector (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) providing a tool (11) comprising a punch (10) provided with a sharp end (14) extended by a body (15) of cross section identical to that of a tube end, as well as a matrix (12 ) provided with at least one hole (13) of section substantially equal to the cross section of the body (15) of the punch increased by the thickness of the collector, b) place the matrix (12) opposite an internal face (4) of the collector, opposite its external face (2), so that said hole (13) is placed above a chosen area, then apply the sharp end (14) of the punch (10) on the external face (2) of the collector (1), at the level of the chosen zone, so as to penetrate the internal face (4) of the collector (1) in the hole (13), c) bursting said zone to outline an opening (17) and making the material forming the collector (1) and delimiting said opening (17) penetrate into the hole (13), so that a collar (16) is formed, then , sliding the body (15) of said punch (10) into the hole (13) so that the collar (16) and its opening (17) have an internal cross section identical to the predefined section of the end of a tube (8) intended to be secured to the manifold (1) at an opening (17). Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le crevage est un poinçonnage sans enlèvement de matière.Method according to claim 9, characterized in that puncturing is punching without removing material. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisé en ce qu'entre les étapes a) et b), on prévoit une étape a') dans laquelle on emboutit la zone choisie, d'une première part, du côté de la face externe (2) du collecteur (1), de façon à réaliser sur ladite face interne (4) une première empreinte en relief (7) de dimensions sensiblement égales à celles du corps (15) du poinçon (10), puis d'une seconde part, du côté de la face interne (4) du collecteur (1), de façon à réaliser sur ladite face externe (2) une seconde empreinte en relief (9) entourant une partie au moins de la première empreinte (7).Method according to one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that between steps a) and b) there is provided a step a ') in which the chosen area is stamped, with a first part, on the side of the external face (2) of the collector (1), of so as to produce on said internal face (4) a first relief imprint (7) of dimensions substantially equal to those of the body (15) of the punch (10), then of a second part, on the side of the internal face (4) of the collector (1), of so as to make a second imprint on said external face (2) in relief (9) surrounding at least part of the first impression (7).
    EP97114201A 1996-08-29 1997-08-18 Assembly for a heat exchanger comprising an aluminium based manifold and tubes and process for manufacturing such an assembly Revoked EP0826943B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9610573A FR2752930B1 (en) 1996-08-29 1996-08-29 COLLAR COLLECTOR, BASED ON ALUMINUM, FOR HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY A MOTOR VEHICLE
    FR9610573 1996-08-29

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0826943A1 true EP0826943A1 (en) 1998-03-04
    EP0826943B1 EP0826943B1 (en) 2003-05-07

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    EP (1) EP0826943B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3985853B2 (en)
    AR (1) AR009313A1 (en)
    BR (1) BR9704570A (en)
    DE (1) DE69721669T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2199315T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2752930B1 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    US20020139521A1 (en) 2002-10-03
    ES2199315T3 (en) 2004-02-16
    DE69721669D1 (en) 2003-06-12
    MX9706544A (en) 1998-07-31
    JPH1089884A (en) 1998-04-10
    EP0826943B1 (en) 2003-05-07
    FR2752930B1 (en) 1998-11-13
    BR9704570A (en) 1998-12-01
    FR2752930A1 (en) 1998-03-06
    AR009313A1 (en) 2000-04-12
    US6651333B2 (en) 2003-11-25
    DE69721669T2 (en) 2004-03-25
    JP3985853B2 (en) 2007-10-03

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