EP0826873A2 - Device for distributing fuel for a combustion engine - Google Patents

Device for distributing fuel for a combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0826873A2
EP0826873A2 EP97114010A EP97114010A EP0826873A2 EP 0826873 A2 EP0826873 A2 EP 0826873A2 EP 97114010 A EP97114010 A EP 97114010A EP 97114010 A EP97114010 A EP 97114010A EP 0826873 A2 EP0826873 A2 EP 0826873A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
cylinder head
combustion engine
internal combustion
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97114010A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0826873A3 (en
EP0826873B1 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Dipl.-Ing. Stehr
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Publication of EP0826873A3 publication Critical patent/EP0826873A3/en
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Publication of EP0826873B1 publication Critical patent/EP0826873B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025Common rails
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0606Fuel temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for distributing fuel for a cylinder head Provided internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a device is known from DE-39 05 254 A1.
  • This facility instructs separately held on a cylinder head or on intake manifolds in which the transversely extending injection valves are arranged.
  • the housing also contains one fuel supply channel, which is connected to the injection valves via cross bores is.
  • a separate cooling air blower conveys a steady flow of cooling air through it Housing, which essentially cools the injectors.
  • This facility among other things, the task is based on the cooling effect to be achieved with regard to all Injectors to equalize. This should be achieved in that the entire Cooling air flow is led to all injectors, d. H. at one end of the case inserted through the blower and discharged at the opposite end.
  • So-called fuel rail for a variety of documents Internal combustion engines have become known. These are usually the suction pipes of the Assigned to the internal combustion engine and have a central feed point for fuel, a fuel pressure regulator and a fuel return and are with separate outlets provided for the individual injectors.
  • a central feed point for fuel being located approximately in the middle is present. This feeds the fuel into an inner tube which is pushed into an outer tube is provided at the end with cross holes through which the internally guided fuel into one can flow coaxially lying outer cavity. This is across the cross piece with the individual injectors connected.
  • the inner tube is limited by itself axially extending ribs held in the outer tube.
  • Such facilities are primarily for the purpose of a modular, removable and space-saving Arrangement created and deal with no aspects of fuel cooling or any Uniformization of the fuel temperature. This is also not the case with such facilities required because, as already mentioned, they are arranged freely in the engine compartment.
  • the invention has for its object a device for distributing fuel for to provide an internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder head, which an Uniformization of the temperatures of the fuel flows supplied to the individual injectors offers and also lowers the overall temperature level of the fuel.
  • This object is achieved in a generic device in that the fuel-carrying line as extending in the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine Recess is formed, integral part of the cylinder head of this internal combustion engine is and in this recess an axially extending, tubular Inserted to form a coaxial cavity connected to the injectors is.
  • This insert has a central inlet channel for fuel, which by means of defined discharge openings is connected to the cavity.
  • the fuel therefore enters the inlet channel at a certain temperature and heats up on its flow path within the insert solely through the operation of the Internal combustion engine existing heat development in the cylinder head.
  • the one on the downstream side Fuel entering the cavity will heat up during the course of the operation of the flow path located there, although there is already a certain leveling out due to the heat transfer between the internal inlet duct and the Cavity enters.
  • Along the flow path there is a relative within the insert cool fuel flow while the outer cavity is relatively warm.
  • equalization comes as an essential part which in each case via the defined outflow openings directly from the inlet channel in fuel crossing the cavity.
  • a reduction in the overall temperature level is already achieved in that the Fuel initially separated by the use within the inlet channel and thus before the direct heat radiation protected by the cylinder head flows.
  • Optimization of the equalization and cooling can be done by tuning the Cross sections of the inlet channel, the coaxial cavity and the connecting lines to the injectors.
  • the features according to the invention provide further advantages. This is how it works the establishment of a damping of pressure pulsations caused by the control process individual injectors. This is particularly important with high pressure injection working internal combustion engines, for example in pump-nozzle arrangements. These pressure pulsations can affect the filling process of neighboring injectors Adversely affect quantity and pressure. With the damping of these pressure pulsations a significant reduction in the injection noise is accompanied by the damping of the pressure peaks avoids falling below the vapor pressure of the fuel. Will this If the temperature falls below this, there are often cavities that emit a lot of noise implode.
  • Each cylinder of the internal combustion engine is preferably at least one outflow opening in assigned to the insert, these preferably different cross-sectional areas can have. This gives particularly good results if these cross-sectional areas increase in the course of the fuel flow path. This is ensures that even with increasing heating along the inlet channel sufficiently large amount of fuel to reduce the temperature of the coaxial outside cavity flowing fuel amount is available.
  • the insert on its outer Circumference with supports is inserted into the recess of the cylinder head.
  • This can be ring-shaped with a comparatively small axial extent and with Breakthroughs are provided through which the fuel along the cavity flows.
  • the supports preferably as axially continuous ribs on the outer circumference of the Insert insert, these ribs in the area leading to the injectors Cross lines are reduced in terms of their radial extension, which results in a circumferential, groove-like channel for supplying the fuel flowing between the ribs of the respective cross line.
  • a stand dealing with axially continuous supports in a cavity Technology is known from DE-40 19 766 C2 for a completely different purpose. These The device shown is used to distribute oil within a rotating camshaft and enables several oil flows to be conducted independently of one another in this.
  • the coolant-carrying area in the cylinder head extends into the immediate vicinity of the recess and thereby excessive Prevention of heat from the cylinder head in the fuel.
  • a cylinder head 1 of an internal combustion engine has a hollow cylindrical recess 2 with an insert 3 arranged therein.
  • the insert 3 extends axially in the longitudinal direction L of the internal combustion engine and thereby delimits a cavity 4 lying coaxially between it and the recess 2.
  • the insert 3 has a central feed channel 5 for fuel, which by means of outflow openings 6 with precisely defined cross-sectional areas with the Cavity 4 is connected.
  • outgoing cross lines 7 are formed from the cavity, which the fuel to the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine injectors to lead.
  • the insert 3 is provided on its outer circumference with supports 8 in the recess 2 held. For unimpeded fuel transfer between the individual cross lines 7 along the cavity 4, these supports 8 are each on their circumference with several Openings 9 provided.
  • the heat input from the heated cylinder head 1 in the fuel takes place primarily across the interface between recess 2 and Cylinder head 1, d. H. on the fuel flowing in the cavity 4. From there, one takes place further heat transfer through the wall of the insert 3 to the in the inlet channel 5 in Counter-current fuel flowing. Partial volume flows of the supplied via the inlet 10 Total volume flow pass through the outflow openings 6 before reaching the one in FIG. 1 left end 11 of the recess 2 from the inlet channel 5 into the cavity 4.
  • the size of the cross-sectional areas of the outflow openings 6 increases in the direction of Flow path in the inlet channel 5, so that the decreasing temperature gradient to Fuel in the cavity 4 is compensated for by an increased volume flow.
  • the supports 8 extend axially continuously on the outer circumference of the insert 3 and thereby ensure one vibration-free seat within the recess 2.
  • the radial extension of the supports 8 is reduced in the area of the cross lines 7, so that there is a circumferential groove for the unhindered exchange of the flowing in the channels between the individual supports 8 Fuel can take place.
  • the temperature level can be further reduced the cooling water chamber of the cylinder head 1 be designed so that it is at least in sections with some of its chambers 12 in the immediate vicinity of the recess 2 extends.
  • the axially continuous supports 8 can be used to even out the heat exchange be arranged helically curved around the inlet channel 5.
  • the entire device can be tailored to the respective application.
  • a comparatively high heat exchange takes place in countercurrent between the inlet duct 5 and the cavity 4, while a comparatively high temperature difference is maintained in the case of poor thermal conductivity.
  • Further parameters are the cross-sectional areas of the outflow openings 6 and all other flow cross sections. Depending on requirements, all outflow openings 6 can also have the same cross-sectional area or, in reverse of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, be made larger on the inlet side than at the end 11.
  • a ceramic tube body be fully inserted into the recess 2, in which the insert 3 is inserted.
  • This tubular body only has in the area of the transverse line 7 Discharge openings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The fuel distribution gallery consists of a blind bore (2) in the cylinder head of am internal combustion engine. There are several side-bores (7) through which the fuel flows to injectors for individual cylinders. The bore in the cylinder head contains a sleeve (3) which is supported by outward facing projections (8) between the side bores. The sleeve extends all the way to the end of the blind bore. Fuel enters (10) the open end of the sleeve and travels along the central bore (5) towards the closed end (11). There are holes (6) at intervals through which fuel passes to the annular space between the outer diameter of the sleeve and the inner diameter of the bore.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Verteilung von Kraftstoff für eine mit einem Zylinderkopf versehene Brennkraftmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for distributing fuel for a cylinder head Provided internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine solche Einrichtung ist aus der DE-39 05 254 A1 bekannt. Diese Einrichtung weist ein separat an einem Zylinderkopf oder an Saugrohren gehaltenes Gehäuse auf, in welchem die quer dazu verlaufenden Einspritzventile angeordnet sind. Ferner enthält das Gehäuse einen kraftstoffzuführenden Kanal, welcher über Querbohrungen mit den Einspritzventilen verbunden ist. Ein separates Kühlluftgebläse fördert einen stetigen Kühlluftstrom durch dieses Gehäuse, wodurch im wesentlichen die Einspritzventile gekühlt werden. Dieser Einrichtung liegt unter anderem die Aufgabe zugrunde, die zu erzielende Kühlwirkung hinsichtlich aller Einspritzventile zu vergleichmäßigen. Dieses soll dadurch erzielt werden, daß der gesamte Kühlluftstrom zu allen Einspritzventilen geführt wird, d. h. an einem Ende des Gehäuses durch das Gebläse eingeführt und am gegenüberliegenden Ende abgeführt wird.Such a device is known from DE-39 05 254 A1. This facility instructs separately held on a cylinder head or on intake manifolds in which the transversely extending injection valves are arranged. The housing also contains one fuel supply channel, which is connected to the injection valves via cross bores is. A separate cooling air blower conveys a steady flow of cooling air through it Housing, which essentially cools the injectors. This facility among other things, the task is based on the cooling effect to be achieved with regard to all Injectors to equalize. This should be achieved in that the entire Cooling air flow is led to all injectors, d. H. at one end of the case inserted through the blower and discharged at the opposite end.

Ferner sind aus einer Vielzahl von Dokumenten sogenannte Kraftstoffverteilerleisten für Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt geworden. Diese sind in aller Regel den Saugrohren der Brennkraftmaschine zugeordnet und weisen eine zentrale Einspeisestelle für Kraftstoff auf, einen Kraftstoffdruckregler sowie einen Kraftstoffrücklauf und sind mit separaten Abgängen für die einzelnen Einspritzventile versehen. Eine solche Einrichtung ist beispielsweise in EP-0 625 637 A1 offenbart, wobei hier etwa mittig eine zentrale Einspeisestelle für Kraftstoff vorliegt. Diese fördert den Kraftstoff in ein in ein Außenrohr geschobenes Innenrohr, welches endseitig mit Querbohrungen versehen ist, über die der innengeführte Kraftstoff in einen koaxial liegenden äußeren Hohlraum strömen kann. Dieser ist über Querstutzen mit den einzelnen Einspritzventilen verbunden. Das Innenrohr ist dabei mit sich über eine begrenzte axiale Länge erstreckenden Rippen in dem Außenrohr gehalten. Solche Einrichtungen sind vorrangig zum Zwecke einer modular aufgebauten, vomontierbaren und bauraumsparenden Anordnung geschaffen und behandeln keinerlei Aspekte der Kraftstoffkühlung oder einer Vergleichmäßigung der Kraftstofftemperatur. Dieses ist bei solchen Einrichtungen auch nicht erforderlich, da sie, wie bereits erwähnt frei im Motorraum angeordnet sind.So-called fuel rail for a variety of documents Internal combustion engines have become known. These are usually the suction pipes of the Assigned to the internal combustion engine and have a central feed point for fuel, a fuel pressure regulator and a fuel return and are with separate outlets provided for the individual injectors. Such a device is for example in EP-0 625 637 A1, a central feed point for fuel being located approximately in the middle is present. This feeds the fuel into an inner tube which is pushed into an outer tube is provided at the end with cross holes through which the internally guided fuel into one can flow coaxially lying outer cavity. This is across the cross piece with the individual injectors connected. The inner tube is limited by itself axially extending ribs held in the outer tube. Such facilities are primarily for the purpose of a modular, removable and space-saving Arrangement created and deal with no aspects of fuel cooling or any Uniformization of the fuel temperature. This is also not the case with such facilities required because, as already mentioned, they are arranged freely in the engine compartment.

Bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes geführten Kraftstoffleitungen kann sich das Problem ergeben, daß sich im Zuge des Strömungsweges für den Kraftstoff ein vergleichsweise hoher Wärmeeintrag vom Zylinderkopf in den Kraftstoff einstellt. Dieser ist um so höher, je länger der Kraftstoff im Zylinderkopf verbleibt. Dieses führt einerseits zu einer übermäßigen Erwärmung des Kraftstoffes, andererseits aber zu einer bezüglich der einzelnen Zylinder ungleichmäßigen Kraftstofferwärmung, was dann aufgrund der starken Temperaturabhängigkeit des Kraftstoffvolumens zu einem ungleichmäßigen Kraftstoffmassenstrom zu den einzelnen Einspritzventilen führt.
Da die Kraftstoff-Viskosität ebenfalls temperaturabhängig ist, kommt es insbesondere bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit Pumpe-Düsenanordnungen oder Steckpumpen neben den ungleichmäßigen Einspritzmengen auch zu stark unterschiedlichen Einspritzdrücken.
In internal combustion engines with fuel lines routed inside the cylinder head, the problem may arise that a comparatively high heat input from the cylinder head into the fuel occurs in the course of the flow path for the fuel. The longer the fuel remains in the cylinder head, the higher it is. On the one hand, this leads to excessive heating of the fuel, but on the other hand to an uneven heating of the fuel with respect to the individual cylinders, which then leads to an uneven fuel mass flow to the individual injection valves due to the strong temperature dependence of the fuel volume.
Since the fuel viscosity is also temperature-dependent, in addition to the non-uniform injection quantities, there are also very different injection pressures, particularly in internal combustion engines with pump-nozzle arrangements or plug-in pumps.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zur Verteilung von Kraftstoff für eine mit einem Zylinderkopf versehene Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, welche eine Vergleichmäßigung der Temperaturen der den einzelnen Injektoren zugeführten Kraftstoffströme bietet und darüber hinaus insgesamt das Temperaturniveau des Kraftstoffes absenkt.The invention has for its object a device for distributing fuel for to provide an internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder head, which an Uniformization of the temperatures of the fuel flows supplied to the individual injectors offers and also lowers the overall temperature level of the fuel.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt bei einer gattungsgemäßen Einrichtung dadurch, daß die kraftstofführende Leitung als sich in Längsrichtung der Brennkraftmaschine erstreckende Ausnehmung ausgebildet ist, dabei integraler Bestandteil des Zylinderkopfes dieser Brennkraftmaschine ist und in dieser Ausnehmung ein sich axial erstreckender, rohrförmiger Einsatz unter Bildung eines mit den Injektoren verbundenen koaxialen Hohlraumes angeordnet ist. Dieser Einsatz weist einen zentralen Zulaufkanal für Kraftstoff auf, welcher mittels definierter Abströmöffnungen mit dem Hohlraum verbunden ist.This object is achieved in a generic device in that the fuel-carrying line as extending in the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine Recess is formed, integral part of the cylinder head of this internal combustion engine is and in this recess an axially extending, tubular Inserted to form a coaxial cavity connected to the injectors is. This insert has a central inlet channel for fuel, which by means of defined discharge openings is connected to the cavity.

Der Kraftstoff tritt also mit einer bestimmten Temperatur in den Zulaufkanal ein und erwärmt sich auf seinem Strömungsweg innerhalb des Einsatzes allein durch die im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine vorhandene Wärmeentwicklung im Zylinderkopf. Der am abströmseitigen Ende des Einsatzes in den Hohlraum übertretende Kraftstoff erwärmt sich im Zuge des dort liegenden Strömungsweges weiter, wobei jedoch bereits eine gewisse Vergleichmäßigung durch den Wärmeübergang zwischen dem innen liegenden Zulaufkanal und dem Hohlraum eintritt. Entlang des Strömungsweges stellt sich innerhalb des Einsatzes ein relativ kühler Kraftstoffstrom ein, während der im außen liegenden Hohlraum relativ warm ist. Zusätzlich zu der bereits geschilderten Vergleichmäßigung kommt als wesentlicher Bestandteil der jeweils über die definierten Abströmöffnungen unmittelbar aus dem Zulaufkanal in den Hohlraum übertretende Kraftstoff hinzu. Dieser vermischt sich mit dem im Hohlraum strömenden, vergleichsweise warmen Kraftstoff und senkt somit das gesamte Temperaturniveau ab und sorgt über die axiale Erstreckung für eine weitgehend gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung. Dieses führt letztendlich dazu, daß den einzelnen Zylindern Kraftstoff mit einer Temperatur zugeführt wird, welche sich insgesamt in einem relativ engen Temperaturspektrum befindet, so daß jedem Injektor eine gleich große Kraftstoffmenge zugeführt wird.The fuel therefore enters the inlet channel at a certain temperature and heats up on its flow path within the insert solely through the operation of the Internal combustion engine existing heat development in the cylinder head. The one on the downstream side Fuel entering the cavity will heat up during the course of the operation of the flow path located there, although there is already a certain leveling out due to the heat transfer between the internal inlet duct and the Cavity enters. Along the flow path there is a relative within the insert cool fuel flow while the outer cavity is relatively warm. In addition to the already mentioned equalization comes as an essential part which in each case via the defined outflow openings directly from the inlet channel in fuel crossing the cavity. This mixes with that in the cavity flowing, comparatively warm fuel and thus lowers the overall Temperature level and largely ensures the axial extension even temperature distribution. This ultimately leads to the individual Cylinder fuel is supplied with a temperature that is a total of one Relatively narrow temperature range, so that each injector has the same size Amount of fuel is supplied.

Eine Absenkung des gesamten Temperaturniveaus wird bereits dadurch erreicht, daß der Kraftstoff zunächst durch den Einsatz abgetrennt innerhalb des Zulaufkanales und somit vor der direkten Wärmeeinstrahlung durch den Zylinderkopf geschützt fließt.A reduction in the overall temperature level is already achieved in that the Fuel initially separated by the use within the inlet channel and thus before the direct heat radiation protected by the cylinder head flows.

Eine Optimierung der Vergleichmäßigung und der Kühlung kann über die Abstimmung der Querschnitte des Zulaufkanales, des koaxialen Hohlraumes sowie der Verbindungsleitungen zu den Injektoren erfolgen.Optimization of the equalization and cooling can be done by tuning the Cross sections of the inlet channel, the coaxial cavity and the connecting lines to the injectors.

Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale stellen sich noch weitere Vorteile ein. So bewirkt die Einrichtung eine Dämpfung von Druckpulsationen, die durch den Absteuervorgang der einzelnen Injektoren verursacht werden. Dieses ist besonders wichtig bei mit Hochdruckeinspritzung arbeitenden Brennkraftmaschinen, beispielsweise bei Pumpe-Düsenanordnungen. Diese Druckpulsationen können den Füllvorgang benachbarter Injektoren bezüglich Menge und Druck negativ beeinflussen. Mit der Dämpfung dieser Druckpulsationen geht eine deutliche Absenkung des Einspritzgeräusches einher, da die Dämpfung der Druckspitzen ein Unterschreiten des Dampfdruckes des Kraftstoffes vermeidet. Wird dieser unterschritten, kommt es häufig zu Hohlräumen, welche mit starker Geräuschabstrahlung implodieren.The features according to the invention provide further advantages. This is how it works the establishment of a damping of pressure pulsations caused by the control process individual injectors. This is particularly important with high pressure injection working internal combustion engines, for example in pump-nozzle arrangements. These pressure pulsations can affect the filling process of neighboring injectors Adversely affect quantity and pressure. With the damping of these pressure pulsations a significant reduction in the injection noise is accompanied by the damping of the pressure peaks avoids falling below the vapor pressure of the fuel. Will this If the temperature falls below this, there are often cavities that emit a lot of noise implode.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen benannt. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Bevorzugt ist jedem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine mindestens eine Abströmöffnung in dem Einsatz zugeordnet, wobei diese vorzugsweise voneinander verschiedene Querschnittsflächen aufweisen können. Hierbei stellen sich besonders gute Ergebnisse ein, wenn diese Querschnittsflächen im Zuge des Kraftstoffströmungsweges zunehmen. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß auch bei zunehmender Erwärmung entlang des Zulaufkanales eine ausreichend große Kraftstoffmenge zur Herabsetzung der Temperatur der in dem koaxial außen liegenden Hohlraum strömenden Kraftstoffmenge zur Verfügung steht.Each cylinder of the internal combustion engine is preferably at least one outflow opening in assigned to the insert, these preferably different cross-sectional areas can have. This gives particularly good results if these cross-sectional areas increase in the course of the fuel flow path. This is ensures that even with increasing heating along the inlet channel sufficiently large amount of fuel to reduce the temperature of the coaxial outside cavity flowing fuel amount is available.

Weiterhin kann bevorzugterweise vorgesehen sein, daß der Einsatz auf seinem äußeren Umfang mit Stützen versehen in die Ausnehmung des Zylinderkopfes eingesetzt ist. Diese können bei vergleichsweise geringer axialer Erstreckung ringartig ausgebildet und mit Durchbrechungen versehen sein, durch welche der Kraftstoff entlang des Hohlraumes strömt.Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the insert on its outer Circumference with supports is inserted into the recess of the cylinder head. This can be ring-shaped with a comparatively small axial extent and with Breakthroughs are provided through which the fuel along the cavity flows.

Um einen sicheren Halt des Einsatzes in der Ausnehmung zu gewährleisten und um geräuschverursachende Schwingungen dieses Einsatzes sicher zu vermeiden, können sich die Stützen vorzugsweise als axial durchgehende Rippen auf dem Außenumfang des Einsatzes erstrecken, wobei diese Rippen im Bereich der zu den Injektoren führenden Querleitungen bezüglich ihrer radialen Erstreckung verringert sind, wodurch sich ein umlaufender, nutartiger Kanal zur Zufuhr des zwischen den Rippen strömenden Kraftstoffes zu der jeweiligen Querleitung ergibt.To ensure a secure hold of the insert in the recess and around It is possible to safely avoid noise-causing vibrations during this operation the supports preferably as axially continuous ribs on the outer circumference of the Insert insert, these ribs in the area leading to the injectors Cross lines are reduced in terms of their radial extension, which results in a circumferential, groove-like channel for supplying the fuel flowing between the ribs of the respective cross line.

Um einer ggf. ungleichmäßigen Wärmeeintragung durch den Zylinderkopf in die Ausnehmung zu begegnen, kann in weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung vorgesehen sein, daß diese Rippen nicht geradlinig, sondern schraubenlinienförmig verlaufen, wodurch der gesamte Kraftstoffstrom über alle mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturen versehenen Bereiche des Zylinderkopfes strömen kann.To avoid any uneven heat input through the cylinder head into the recess to meet, can be provided in a further advantageous embodiment that this The ribs do not run in a straight line, but in a helical shape, which means that the entire Fuel flow over all areas of the vehicle with different temperatures Cylinder head can flow.

Ein sich mit axial durchgehenden Stützen in einem Hohlraum befassender Stand der Technik ist zu einem gänzlich anderen Zwecke aus DE-40 19 766 C2 bekannt. Die dort gezeigte Vorrichtung dient zur Verteilung von Öl innerhalb einer umlaufenden Nockenwelle und ermöglicht es, mehrere Ölströme unabhängig voneinander in dieser zu führen. A stand dealing with axially continuous supports in a cavity Technology is known from DE-40 19 766 C2 for a completely different purpose. These The device shown is used to distribute oil within a rotating camshaft and enables several oil flows to be conducted independently of one another in this.

In einer bezüglich der Temperaturabsenkung besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante kann zusätzlich vorgesehen sein, daß sich der kühlwasserführende Bereich im Zylinderkopf bis in die unmittelbare Umgebung der Ausnehmung erstreckt und hierdurch einen übermäßigen Wärmeeintrag vom Zylinderkopf in den Kraftstoff verhindert.In a particularly advantageous embodiment variant with regard to the temperature reduction can also be provided that the coolant-carrying area in the cylinder head extends into the immediate vicinity of the recess and thereby excessive Prevention of heat from the cylinder head in the fuel.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel.
Es zeigt:

Figur 1
schematisch einen Querschnitt durch einen hier interessierenden Bereich eines Zylinderkopfes,
Figur 2
einen Querschnitt gemäß Figur 1 und
Figur 3
eine Ausführungsvariante zu Figur 1.
Further advantages and features of the invention result from the exemplary embodiment explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.
It shows:
Figure 1
schematically a cross section through a region of interest of a cylinder head,
Figure 2
a cross section according to Figure 1 and
Figure 3
a variant of Figure 1.

Ein Zylinderkopf 1 einer nicht näher gezeigten Brennkraftmaschine weist eine hohlzylindrische Ausnehmung 2 mit einem darin angeordneten Einsatz 3 auf.
Der Einsatz 3 erstreckt sich axial in Längsrichtung L der Brennkraftmaschine und begrenzt dabei einen koaxial zwischen ihm und der Ausnehmung 2 liegenden Hohlraum 4.
A cylinder head 1 of an internal combustion engine, not shown in detail, has a hollow cylindrical recess 2 with an insert 3 arranged therein.
The insert 3 extends axially in the longitudinal direction L of the internal combustion engine and thereby delimits a cavity 4 lying coaxially between it and the recess 2.

Im Inneren weist der Einsatz 3 einen zentralen Zulaufkanal 5 für Kraftstoff auf, welcher mittels bezüglich ihrer Querschnittsflächen exakt definierter Abströmöffnungen 6 mit dem Hohlraum 4 verbunden ist.Inside, the insert 3 has a central feed channel 5 for fuel, which by means of outflow openings 6 with precisely defined cross-sectional areas with the Cavity 4 is connected.

Im Zylinderkopf 1 sind vom Hohlraum 4 ausgehende Querleitungen 7 ausgebildet, welche den Kraftstoff zu den einzelnen Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine zugeordneten Injektoren führen.In the cylinder head 1 outgoing cross lines 7 are formed from the cavity, which the fuel to the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine injectors to lead.

Der Einsatz 3 ist auf seinem äußeren Umfang mit Stützen 8 versehen in der Ausnehmung 2 gehalten. Für einen ungehinderten Kraftstoffübertritt zwischen den einzelnen Querleitungen 7 entlang des Hohlraumes 4 sind diese Stützen 8 jeweils auf ihrem Umfang mit mehreren Durchbrechungen 9 versehen. Im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine erwärmt sich der über einen in Figur 1 rechts liegenden Eintritt 10 entlang des durch Richtungspfeile gekennzeichneten Strömungsweges fließende Kraftstoff. Der Wärmeeintrag vom erwärmten Zylinderkopf 1 in den Kraftstoff erfolgt primär über die Grenzfläche zwischen Ausnehmung 2 und Zylinderkopf 1, d. h. auf den im Hohlraum 4 strömenden Kraftstoff. Von dort aus erfolgt ein weiterer Wärmeübergang durch die Wandung des Einsatzes 3 auf den im Zulaufkanal 5 im Gegenstrom strömenden Kraftstoff. Teilvolumenströme des über den Eintritt 10 zugeführten Gesamtvolumenstromes treten durch die Abströmöffnungen 6 vor Erreichen des in Figur 1 links liegenden Endes 11 der Ausnehmung 2 vom Zulaufkanal 5 in den Hohlraum 4.The insert 3 is provided on its outer circumference with supports 8 in the recess 2 held. For unimpeded fuel transfer between the individual cross lines 7 along the cavity 4, these supports 8 are each on their circumference with several Openings 9 provided. During operation of the internal combustion engine, the overheats an inlet 10 on the right in FIG. 1 along the one indicated by directional arrows Flow path of flowing fuel. The heat input from the heated cylinder head 1 in the fuel takes place primarily across the interface between recess 2 and Cylinder head 1, d. H. on the fuel flowing in the cavity 4. From there, one takes place further heat transfer through the wall of the insert 3 to the in the inlet channel 5 in Counter-current fuel flowing. Partial volume flows of the supplied via the inlet 10 Total volume flow pass through the outflow openings 6 before reaching the one in FIG. 1 left end 11 of the recess 2 from the inlet channel 5 into the cavity 4.

Die Größe der Querschnittsflächen der Abströmöffnungen 6 nimmt in Richtung des Strömungsweges im Zulaufkanal 5 zu, so daß das abnehmende Temperaturgefälle zum Kraftstoff im Hohlraum 4 durch einen erhöhten Volumenstrom kompensiert wird.The size of the cross-sectional areas of the outflow openings 6 increases in the direction of Flow path in the inlet channel 5, so that the decreasing temperature gradient to Fuel in the cavity 4 is compensated for by an increased volume flow.

Ohne die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zur Verteilung von Kraftstoff wurden zwischen erstem und letztem Zylinder einer Reihenbrennkraftmaschine Temperaturdifferenzen in dem an den Injektoren anliegenden Kraftstoff von bis zu 25° Celsius gemessen. Dieses führte zu einer stark ungleichmäßigen Zufuhr von Kraftstoff und damit inakzeptablem Motorlauf. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung liegen die Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen beliebigen Zylindern innerhalb eines ca. 4° Celsius breiten Toleranzbandes.Without the device according to the invention for the distribution of fuel between first and last cylinder of an internal combustion engine temperature differences in the Fuel at the injectors measured up to 25 ° Celsius. This led to a very uneven supply of fuel and thus unacceptable engine running. With the device according to the invention, the temperature differences between any Cylinders within a tolerance band of approx. 4 ° Celsius.

In einer Variante der Erfindung gemäß Figur 3 erstrecken sich die Stützen 8 axial durchgehend auf dem Außenumfang des Einsatzes 3 und sorgen dadurch für einen schwingungsfreien Sitz innerhalb der Ausnehmung 2. Die radiale Erstreckung der Stützen 8 ist im Bereich der Querleitungen 7 vermindert, so daß dort eine umlaufende Nut für den ungehinderten Austausch des in den Rinnen zwischen den einzelnen Stützen 8 strömenden Kraftstoffes stattfinden kann.In a variant of the invention according to FIG. 3, the supports 8 extend axially continuously on the outer circumference of the insert 3 and thereby ensure one vibration-free seat within the recess 2. The radial extension of the supports 8 is reduced in the area of the cross lines 7, so that there is a circumferential groove for the unhindered exchange of the flowing in the channels between the individual supports 8 Fuel can take place.

In beiden beschriebenen Ausführungsformen kann zur weiteren Absenkung des Temperaturniveaus der Kühlwasserraum des Zylinderkopfes 1 so ausgebildet sein, daß er sich zumindest abschnittsweise mit einigen seiner Kammern 12 bis in unmittelbare Nähe der Ausnehmung 2 erstreckt.In both described embodiments, the temperature level can be further reduced the cooling water chamber of the cylinder head 1 be designed so that it is at least in sections with some of its chambers 12 in the immediate vicinity of the recess 2 extends.

Die axial durchgehenden Stützen 8 können für eine Vergleichmäßigung des Wärmeaustausches schraubenlinienförmig gekrümmt um den Zulaufkanal 5 angeordnet sein.The axially continuous supports 8 can be used to even out the heat exchange be arranged helically curved around the inlet channel 5.

Durch eine gezielte Werkstoffauswahl für den Einsatz 3 kann die gesamte Einrichtung auf den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall abgestimmt werden. Bei beispielsweise einem Aluminiumwerkstoff mit guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit erfolgt ein vergleichsweise hoher Wärmeaustausch im Gegenstrom zwischen Zulaufkanal 5 und Hohlraum 4, während bei schlechter Wärmeleitfähigkeit eine vergleichsweise hohe Temperaturdifferenz erhalten bleibt. Weitere Parameter sind die Querschnittsflächen der Abströmöffnungen 6 sowie alle weiteren Strömungsquerschnitte.
Bedarfsabhängig können auch alle Abströmöffnungen 6 die gleiche Querschnittsfläche aufweisen oder aber in Umkehrung der in Figur 1 gezeigten Anordnung eintrittsseitig größer ausgebildet sein als am Ende 11.
Through a targeted selection of materials for insert 3, the entire device can be tailored to the respective application. In the case of, for example, an aluminum material with good thermal conductivity, a comparatively high heat exchange takes place in countercurrent between the inlet duct 5 and the cavity 4, while a comparatively high temperature difference is maintained in the case of poor thermal conductivity. Further parameters are the cross-sectional areas of the outflow openings 6 and all other flow cross sections.
Depending on requirements, all outflow openings 6 can also have the same cross-sectional area or, in reverse of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, be made larger on the inlet side than at the end 11.

In Abweichung der in Figur 1 und in Figur 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform kann zur weiteren Herabsetzung des Temperaturniveaus ergänzend ein beispielsweise keramischer Rohrkörper vollflächig in die Ausnehmung 2 eingesetzt sein, in welchen dann der Einsatz 3 eingeschoben ist. Dieser Rohrkörper weist lediglich im Bereich der Querleitung 7 Abströmöffnungen auf.In deviation from the embodiment shown in Figure 1 and in Figure 3 can further Lowering the temperature level in addition, for example, a ceramic tube body be fully inserted into the recess 2, in which the insert 3 is inserted. This tubular body only has in the area of the transverse line 7 Discharge openings.

Claims (8)

Einrichtung zur Verteilung von Kraftstoff für eine mit einem Zylinderkopf (1) versehene Brennkraftmaschine, mit einer kraftstofführenden Leitung, von welcher aus Kraftstoff zu einzelnen Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine zugeordneten Injektoren geführt wird, die im Zylinderkopf angeordnet sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitung von einer sich in Längsrichtung (L) der Brennkraftmaschine erstreckenden Ausnehmung (2) als integraler Bestandteil des Zylinderkopfes (1) gebildet ist und in dieser Ausnehmung (2) ein sich axial erstreckender, rohrförmiger Einsatz (3) unter Bildung eines mit den Injektoren verbundenen, koaxialen Hohlraumes (4) angeordnet ist, welcher einen zentralen Zulaufkanal (5) für Kraftstoff aufweist, und dieser mittels definierter Abströmöffnungen (6) mit dem Hohlraum (4) verbunden ist.
Device for distributing fuel for an internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder head (1), with a fuel-carrying line, from which fuel is led to individual injectors associated with the internal combustion engine, which are arranged in the cylinder head,
characterized in that the line is formed by a recess (2) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) of the internal combustion engine as an integral part of the cylinder head (1) and in this recess (2) an axially extending, tubular insert (3) with formation a coaxial cavity (4) connected to the injectors is arranged, which has a central inlet channel (5) for fuel and which is connected to the cavity (4) by means of defined outflow openings (6).
Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine mindestens eine Abströmöffnung (6) zugeordnet ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each cylinder Internal combustion engine is assigned at least one outflow opening (6). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest einige der Abströmöffnungen (6) voneinander verschiedene Querschnittsflächen aufweisen.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the Outflow openings (6) have different cross-sectional areas. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querschnittsflächen mit zunehmendem Strömungsweg größer werden.Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the cross-sectional areas with increasing flow path become larger. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz (3) außenumfänglich mit Stützen (8) versehen in der Ausnehmung (2) gehalten ist. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert (3) is circumferential provided with supports (8) in the recess (2). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützen (8) außenumfänglich mit Durchbrechungen (9) versehen sind.Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the supports (8) are circumferential on the outside are provided with openings (9). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlraum (4) mittels im Zylinderkopf (1) ausgebildeter Querleitungen (7) mit den Injektoren verbunden ist und sich die Stützen (8) axial durchlaufend auf dem Außenumfang des Einsatzes (3) den Hohlraum (4) überbrückend erstrecken, wobei im Bereich der Querleitungen (7) die radiale Erstreckung dieser Stützen (8) unter Bildung eines umlaufenden Kanales verringert ist.Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cavity (4) by means of Cylinder head (1) trained cross lines (7) is connected to the injectors and itself the supports (8) running axially through the cavity on the outer circumference of the insert (3) (4) extend bridging, the radial one in the area of the transverse lines (7) Extension of these supports (8) is reduced to form a circumferential channel. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützen (8) gekrümmt verlaufend auf dem Einsatz (3) angeordnet sind.Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the supports (8) are curved are arranged running on the insert (3).
EP97114010A 1996-08-24 1997-08-14 Device for distributing fuel for a combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0826873B1 (en)

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CZ262597A3 (en) 1998-04-15
DE19735437A1 (en) 1998-02-26
EP0826873A3 (en) 1998-06-03
EP0826873B1 (en) 2000-05-24
US5803051A (en) 1998-09-08

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