EP0824981A1 - Process for manufacturing a hollow turbine blade and device used for on-going hot twisting - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing a hollow turbine blade and device used for on-going hot twisting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0824981A1
EP0824981A1 EP97401954A EP97401954A EP0824981A1 EP 0824981 A1 EP0824981 A1 EP 0824981A1 EP 97401954 A EP97401954 A EP 97401954A EP 97401954 A EP97401954 A EP 97401954A EP 0824981 A1 EP0824981 A1 EP 0824981A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
manufacturing
twisting
twist
hollow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97401954A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0824981B1 (en
Inventor
Mathieu Philippe Albert Bichon
Alain Georges Henri Lorieux
Bernard Armand René Costeplane
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Robert Creuzet Ets
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
Robert Creuzet Ets
SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP0824981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0824981A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/78—Making other particular articles propeller blades; turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
    • B21D11/14—Twisting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336—Blade making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336—Blade making
    • Y10T29/49339—Hollow blade

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to twisting equipment hot scalable used in a process for manufacturing a hollow turbomachine blade.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to make it possible to carry out course of the operative flow above an operation additional shaping of parts by twisting without risk of causing buckling type ripples according to the central fiber. These ripples are generated by compression stresses induced during elongation of lateral fibers due to differences in length between the starting flat part and the obtained twisted part.
  • the method of manufacturing a hollow turbomachine blade comprising an operation in accordance with the invention of setting workpiece shape using twisting equipment evolving hot according to the invention avoids the disadvantages of prior known methods and obtaining blades having geometric characteristics and improved and optimized mechanical conditions of use, guaranteeing repetitive quality while facilitating manufacturing conditions at the lowest cost.
  • the method of manufacturing a hollow turbomachine blade according to the invention includes a twist operation hot-swappable, of an element intended for the manufacture of the blade by the hot twist of said alloy element TA6V type titanium, at a temperature above 700 ° C by the action of several bars animated by a movement of rotation around the twist axis and acting on shackles, previously fixed on the element, distributed according to the predetermined twist law, the distribution and number of shackles are determined so as to obtain between each yoke a linear evolution of the twist.
  • Hot-swappable twist equipment for manufacture of a hollow turbine engine vane with a high rate of compression in the lower blade area is characterized by metal frame on which is vertically fixed a cylindrical oven with slots allowing the passage of bars, of a circular frame enveloping said oven, of free crowns rotating around the frame on which are fixed the bars acting on clamped shackles on the element to be twisted.
  • the process for manufacturing a hollow turbine engine blade 1 comprises in accordance with the invention, an operation remarkable hot twist of the welded assembly 1 made of titanium alloy, of type TA6V consisting of hot twist of the welded assembly at a temperature between 700 and 940 °, by the action of several bars, integral with crowns driven by a frame circular with a rotational movement around the axis of the element, said bars acting on shackles flanged on the element.
  • Scalable hot twist can be preceded by a bending operation including the shaping of dawn sections.
  • a complementary operation of shaping by twisting and calibration may be required.
  • the hot-swappable twisting equipment shown on the Figures 3 and 4 is used for carrying out the operation twisting of the hollow blade element 1 of a turbomachine in the manufacturing process according to the invention and which comes to be described.
  • This hot-swappable twisting equipment consists of three separate parts: an upper part mainly intended for blocking one end of the part 1 by two jaws 3, in order to ensure immobilization in rotation and keeping in an upright position, part central unit equipped with an electric oven 2, a frame circular 6 mobile in rotation around the workpiece axis acting on free crowns 7 rotating around the frame, distributed vertically along the height of the element to be twisted and a lower part whose function main is to block the other end of element 1, to ensure during a twist a constant distance between these two ends by a tensile force supplied by means a cylinder 8 limited in its stroke by a ball bearing 9 and the transfer of part 1 from the loading station to inside the oven 2.
  • Said central part composed of an electric oven circular 2 capable of a temperature range included between 700 and 940 ° C, have slots 24 intended for passage of bars 5 integral with crowns 7 whose purpose is to act on shafts 23 mounted on the part and visible in Figure 5.
  • Metallic screens filled with material fibrous seal the oven to the right of the slots.
  • a circular frame 6 of tubular mechanically welded construction is rotated by an electric motor 10 to variable speed by means of a ring gear 11 fixed to the upper end of the frame 6.
  • the frame 6 is connected to the metal structure 12 of the equipment by connections to rollers 13, and has as many crowns 7 as necessary according to the law of evolution of the twist, said free crowns 7 rotating around the frame are connected to it by means of roller connections 14.
  • Frame 6 and the crowns 7 are also fitted with drive stops 15-16, positioned to apply the twist value required on each yoke 23.
  • the upper part of the oven incorporates clamping jaws 3 from one end of the part 1 and also allows the passage of the guide rod 25 connecting the jaws with the metallic structure 12.
  • the upper part is mainly intended for clamping from one end of part 1 to be twisted.
  • the rod 25 water-cooled ensures the guidance and connection of the jaws of clamping 3 adapted to the shape of the part 1 with the structure 12 of the equipment.
  • a blocking system by corners 22 shown in more detail in Figure 5 allows position and immobilize the part 1 in a fixed position while allowing vertical translation of the part 1 of the oven 2 to the loading / unloading station located under the oven.
  • a counterweight system allows the balancing of this together in order not to constrain the element to unloading.
  • the lower part intended for the transfer of the loading / unloading to oven 2 also ensures clamping function of the other end of element 1 to by means of two jaws 4, free to rotate, extended by a rod 20 guided vertically by a sleeve 18 integral with a carriage 17 with vertical translation provided by the jack 19.
  • the carriage 17 is equipped with a stop system at balls 9 and a jack 8 in order to apply a force of traction to element 1 so as to maintain a distance constant between jaws 3 and 4 high and low.
  • the cylinder 8 also absorbs the effects of expansion of room 1 during heating.
  • Shackles 23 made up of mechanically welded mechanical parts are clamped on the workpiece in positions defined by law evolution of the twist.
  • a preparation table allows position them perfectly on the element.
  • Figure 2 shows the determined positions A, B, C, D, E of the shafts 23 as a function of the curve evolution of the twist and these positions are reported on Figure 3.
  • the electric oven 2 is maintained at a temperature greater than 700 ° for application on an alloy of TA6V type titanium, jaws 3 and 4 are in the low position ready to receive a welded assembly comprising shafts 23 distributed over the height of the welded assembly according to the law of twisting evolution, as indicated above.
  • the carriage 17 transfers to oven 2 to an end position predefined stroke, then the jaws 3 are immobilized by a wedge system 22 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the oven doors 21 being closed the welded assembly 1 is kept in oven 2 until it reaches the twist temperature.
  • the motor 10 drives the circular frame 6 which by means of the stops 15 and 16 distributed according to the angle of twisting to be supplied in turn drives the crowns 7 of which the bars 5 by acting on the shafts 23 print at the whole welded 1 the desired twist law, then the frame 6 is driven in the opposite direction by bringing in its race the crowns 7 in the cycle start position. At this point the oven doors open and cart 17 transfers assembly 1 welded to the loading / unloading station.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The procedure consists of forging, machining and welding components made by a computer-aided system, followed by inflation under pressure and superplastic moulding. The required twist in the blade, made from a titanium alloy such as TA6V, is produced by heating the blade to 700 deg C and applying a torsion to it through rotary bars (5) acting on yokes previously attached to the blade. The twisting process can be applied to the individual components of the blade or to assembled blades and uses a cylindrical electric furnace (2) with slits (24) for the bars. The furnace is surrounded by a circular frame (6), and jaws (3, 4) hold the two ends of the blade while it is being twisted.

Description

La présente invention concerne un équipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud utilisé dans un procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine.The present invention relates to twisting equipment hot scalable used in a process for manufacturing a hollow turbomachine blade.

Les avantages découlant de l'utilisation d'aubes à grande corde pour les turbomachines sont apparus notamment dans le cas des aubes de rotor de soufflante des turboréacteurs à double flux. Ces aubes doivent répondre à des conditions sévères d'utilisation et posséder notamment des caractéristiques mécaniques suffisantes associées à des propriétés antivibratoires et de résistance aux impacts de corps étrangers. L'objectif de vitesses suffisantes en bout d'aube a en outre amené à rechercher une réduction des masses. Ce but est notamment atteint par l'utilisation d'aubes creuses.The benefits of using large blades rope for turbomachinery appeared especially in the case of the fan rotor blades of turbojet engines double flow. These blades must meet conditions severe use and in particular have sufficient mechanical characteristics associated with anti-vibration and impact resistance properties of foreign bodies. The objective of sufficient speeds at the end dawn has also led to the search for a reduction in masses. This goal is notably achieved by the use hollow blades.

EP-A-0 700 738 décrit un procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine, notamment une aube de rotor de soufflante à grande corde. Il est connu dans ce cas selon une première étape

  • (a) de réaliser sur un système de Conception et Fabrication Assistées par Ordinateur / CFAO une simulation numérique, à partir de la définition géométrique d'une aube à obtenir, consistant à calculer pour les pièces constitutives de l'aube, de part et d'autre de la fibre centrale, les longueurs des fibres en fonction de leur position par rapport à l'axe de la pièce les pièces étant mises à plat. On réalise également à ce stade une simulation numérique d'une opération de mise en forme de pièces par vrillage à comparer au résultat final. Le procédé de fabrication connu selon EP-A0700 738 prévoit le découlé opératoire général selon les étapes suivantes :
  • (b) forgeage sur presse des pièces primaires constituant l'aube par matriçage ;
  • (c) usinage des pièces primaires ;
  • (d) dépôt de barrières de diffusion suivant un motif pré-défini ;
  • (e) assemblage des pièces primaires suivi du soudage-diffusion en pression isostatique ;
  • (f) gonflage sous pression de gaz et formage superplastique ;
  • (g) usinage final.
    • EP-A-0 700 738 describes a method for manufacturing a hollow blade of a turbomachine, in particular a blade rotor of a large-rope fan. It is known in this case according to a first step
  • (a) to carry out on a computer-aided design and manufacturing / CAD / CAM system a digital simulation, from the geometric definition of a blade to be obtained, consisting in calculating for the constituent parts of the blade, both other of the central fiber, the lengths of the fibers as a function of their position relative to the axis of the part, the parts being laid flat. At this stage, we also carry out a numerical simulation of an operation for shaping parts by twisting to compare with the final result. The known manufacturing process according to EP-A0700 738 provides for the general operating procedure according to the following steps:
  • (b) forging on the press of the primary parts constituting the blade by stamping;
  • (c) machining of primary parts;
  • (d) depositing diffusion barriers according to a predefined pattern;
  • (e) assembly of the primary parts followed by welding-diffusion under isostatic pressure;
  • (f) inflation under gas pressure and superplastic forming;
  • (g) final machining.

    • Un des buts de l'invention est de permettre de réaliser au cours du découlé opératoire ci-dessus une opération supplémentaire de mise en forme des pièces par vrillage sans risque de provoquer des ondulations de type flambage suivant la fibre centrale. Ces ondulations sont générées par des contraintes de compression induites lors de l'allongement des fibres latérales par suite des différences de longueur entre la pièce à plat de départ et la pièce obtenue vrillée.One of the aims of the invention is to make it possible to carry out course of the operative flow above an operation additional shaping of parts by twisting without risk of causing buckling type ripples according to the central fiber. These ripples are generated by compression stresses induced during elongation of lateral fibers due to differences in length between the starting flat part and the obtained twisted part.

    Le procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine comportant une opération conforme à l'invention de mise en forme de pièce en utilisant un équipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud conforme à l'invention permet d'éviter les inconvénients des procédés connus antérieurs et d'obtenir des aubes présentant des caractéristiques géométriques et mécaniques améliorées et optimisées dans les conditions d'utilisation, en garantissant une qualité répétitive tout en facilitant les conditions de fabrication au moindre coût.The method of manufacturing a hollow turbomachine blade comprising an operation in accordance with the invention of setting workpiece shape using twisting equipment evolving hot according to the invention avoids the disadvantages of prior known methods and obtaining blades having geometric characteristics and improved and optimized mechanical conditions of use, guaranteeing repetitive quality while facilitating manufacturing conditions at the lowest cost.

    Le procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine conforme à l'invention comporte une opération de vrillage évolutif à chaud, d'un élément destiné à la fabrication de l'aube par la torsion à chaud dudit élément en alliage de titane du type TA6V, à une température supérieure à 700°C par l'action de plusieurs barrettes animées d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe de vrillage et agissant sur des carcans, préalablement fixés sur l'élément, répartis suivant la loi de vrillage prédéterminée, dont la répartition et le nombre de carcans sont déterminés de manière à obtenir entre chaque carcan une évolution linéaire du vrillage.The method of manufacturing a hollow turbomachine blade according to the invention includes a twist operation hot-swappable, of an element intended for the manufacture of the blade by the hot twist of said alloy element TA6V type titanium, at a temperature above 700 ° C by the action of several bars animated by a movement of rotation around the twist axis and acting on shackles, previously fixed on the element, distributed according to the predetermined twist law, the distribution and number of shackles are determined so as to obtain between each yoke a linear evolution of the twist.

    Il est connu d'obtenir une torsion de pièce et notamment d'une aube de turbomachine en utilisant des moyens faisant appel à au moins un mors en rotation avec ou sans précontrainte et à chaud ou à froid et notamment par une mise en forme par fluage à 950°, dans le cas d'une aube en alliage de titane de typ TA6V, sur une empreinte sous l'action de masses fixées aux extrémités de la pièce créant un couple de torsion.It is known to obtain a workpiece twist and in particular of a turbomachine blade using means making call for at least one rotating jaw with or without prestressed and hot or cold and in particular by a setting shaped by creep at 950 °, in the case of an alloy vane of titanium of type TA6V, on an impression under the action of masses attached to the ends of the part creating a torque.

    Ces moyens connus se révèlent toutefois inadaptés aux vrillages très évolutifs rencontrés dans le procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine à fort taux de compression en zone de bas de pale conforme à l'invention.These known means however prove to be unsuitable for very progressive twists encountered in the process of manufacture of a hollow turbine engine vane with a high rate of compression in the bottom region of the blade according to the invention.

    L'équipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud destiné à la fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine à fort taux de compression en zone de bas de pale se caractérise par une charpente métallique sur laquelle est fixé verticalement un four cylindrique muni de fentes permettant le passage de barrettes, d'un cadre circulaire enveloppant ledit four, de couronnes libres en rotation autour du cadre sur lesquelles sont fixées les barrettes agissant sur des carcans bridés sur l'élément à vriller.Hot-swappable twist equipment for manufacture of a hollow turbine engine vane with a high rate of compression in the lower blade area is characterized by metal frame on which is vertically fixed a cylindrical oven with slots allowing the passage of bars, of a circular frame enveloping said oven, of free crowns rotating around the frame on which are fixed the bars acting on clamped shackles on the element to be twisted.

    D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

    • la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective de l'ensemble soudé de l'aube creuse après vrillage à chaud ;
    • la figure 2 représente un exemple de courbe d'évolution du vrillage en fonction de la hauteur de l'aube et la position des carcans ;
    • la figure 3 représente selon une vue schématique en coupe d'un équipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud ;
    • La figure 4 représente selon une vue schématique une coupe horizontale de l'équipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud ;
    • la figure 5 montre un détail de l'équipement de vrillage représenté sur les figures 3 et 4.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
    • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the welded assembly of the hollow blade after hot twisting;
    • FIG. 2 represents an example of a curve of evolution of the twist as a function of the height of the blade and the position of the shafts;
    • Figure 3 shows in a schematic sectional view of a hot twisting twisting equipment;
    • Figure 4 shows in a schematic view a horizontal section of the hot twisting twisting equipment;
    • FIG. 5 shows a detail of the twisting equipment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

    On appellera élément destiné à la fabrication d'une aube creuse de soufflante de turbomachine telle que 1, représentée sur la figure 1 à un stade intermédiaire de fabrication, dans l'application préférentielle qui est faite de l'invention, soit une peau primaire forgée destinée à constituer la surface d'intrados ou d'extrados de l'aube,soit une tôle centrale destinée à former les raidisseurs reliant les peaux d'intrados et d'extrados de l'aube, soit un ensemble soudé comportant les peaux externes et au moins une tôle centrale de l'aube, soit un ensemble soudé comportant une peau d'intrados et une peau d'extrados. Dans la description qui va suivre, l'exemple non limitatif retenu concerne un ensemble soudé 1 dans une étape de fabrication d'une aube creuse de soufflante à grande corde pour turbomachine, cet exemple correspondant à des conditions économiques avantageuses d'application de l'invention.We will call element intended for the manufacture of a blade hollow turbomachine fan such as 1, shown in FIG. 1 at an intermediate stage of manufacture, in the preferred application which is made of the invention, either a primary forged skin intended to constitute the dawn pressure surface or pressure surface, a sheet central intended to form the stiffeners connecting the skins intrados and extrados of dawn, a welded assembly comprising the outer skins and at least one central plate of dawn, a welded assembly with a skin lower surface and upper surface skin. In the description that goes follow, the nonlimiting example retained concerns a set welded 1 in a step of manufacturing a hollow blade of large-rope blower for a turbomachine, this example corresponding to advantageous economic conditions of application of the invention.

    Le procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine 1 comporte conformément à l'invention, une opération remarquable de vrillage évolutif à chaud de l'ensemble soudé 1 en alliage de titane, du type TA6V consistant en une torsion à chaud de l'ensemble soudé à une température comprise entre 700 et 940°, par l'action de plusieurs barrettes, solidaires de couronnes entraínées par un cadre circulaire animé d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe de l'élément, lesdites barrettes agissant sur des carcans bridés sur l'élément.The process for manufacturing a hollow turbine engine blade 1 comprises in accordance with the invention, an operation remarkable hot twist of the welded assembly 1 made of titanium alloy, of type TA6V consisting of hot twist of the welded assembly at a temperature between 700 and 940 °, by the action of several bars, integral with crowns driven by a frame circular with a rotational movement around the axis of the element, said bars acting on shackles flanged on the element.

    En fonction du résultat final de forme d'aube à obtenir suivant les applications particulières, l'opération de vrillage évolutif à chaud peut être précédée par une opération de cambrage comportant la mise en forme des sections de l'aube.Depending on the final blade shape result to be obtained depending on the specific applications, the operation of Scalable hot twist can be preceded by a bending operation including the shaping of dawn sections.

    Selon les mêmes critères d'application particulière et de résultats finaux de forme d'aube à obtenir l'opération de vrillage évolutif à chaud peut être suivie par une opération de gonflage sous pression de gaz et formage superplastique assurant les profils recherchés de l'aube.According to the same criteria of particular application and final dawn shape results in getting the operation of scalable hot twist can be followed by an operation inflation under gas pressure and superplastic forming ensuring the desired profiles of dawn.

    En variante, après l'opération de vrillage évolutif à chaud une opération complémentaire de mise en forme par vrillage et calibrage peut être nécessaire.Alternatively, after the scalable hot twist operation a complementary operation of shaping by twisting and calibration may be required.

    L'équipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud représenté sur les figures 3 et 4 est utilisé pour la réalisation de l'opération de vrillage de l'élément d'aube creuse 1 de turbomachine dans le procédé de fabrication conforme à l'invention et qui vient d'être décrite. The hot-swappable twisting equipment shown on the Figures 3 and 4 is used for carrying out the operation twisting of the hollow blade element 1 of a turbomachine in the manufacturing process according to the invention and which comes to be described.

    Cet équipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud est constitué de trois parties distinctes: une partie supérieure principalement destinée au blocage d'une des extrémités de la pièce 1 par deux mors 3, afin d'assurer une immobilisation en rotation et un maintien en position verticale, une partie centrale équipée d'un four électrique 2, d'un cadre circulaire 6 mobile en rotation autour de l'axe pièce agissant sur des couronnes 7 libres en rotation autour du cadre, réparties verticalement suivant la hauteur de l'élément à vriller et une partie inférieure dont la fonction principale est de bloquer l'autre extrémité de l'élément 1, d'assurer au cours du vrillage une distance constante entre ces deux extrémités par un effort de traction fourni au moyen d'un vérin 8 limité dans sa course par une butée à billes 9 et le transfert de la pièce 1 du poste de chargement vers l'intérieur du four 2.This hot-swappable twisting equipment consists of three separate parts: an upper part mainly intended for blocking one end of the part 1 by two jaws 3, in order to ensure immobilization in rotation and keeping in an upright position, part central unit equipped with an electric oven 2, a frame circular 6 mobile in rotation around the workpiece axis acting on free crowns 7 rotating around the frame, distributed vertically along the height of the element to be twisted and a lower part whose function main is to block the other end of element 1, to ensure during a twist a constant distance between these two ends by a tensile force supplied by means a cylinder 8 limited in its stroke by a ball bearing 9 and the transfer of part 1 from the loading station to inside the oven 2.

    Ladite partie centrale composée d'un four électrique circulaire 2 capable d'une gamme de température comprise entre 700 et 940°C, comportent des fentes 24 destinées au passage de barrettes 5 solidaires des couronnes 7 dont le but est d'agir sur des carcans 23 montés sur la pièce et visibles sur la figure 5. Des écrans métalliques garnis de matière fibreuse assurent l'étanchéité du four au droit des fentes. Un cadre circulaire 6 de construction tubulaire mécanosoudé est entraíné en rotation par un moteur électrique 10 à vitesse variable au moyen d'une couronne dentée 11 fixée à l'extrémité supérieure du cadre 6. Le cadre 6 est relié à la structure métallique 12 de l'équipement par des liaisons à rouleaux 13, et comporte autant de couronnes 7 que nécessaire en fonction de la loi d'évolution du vrillage, lesdites couronnes 7 libres en rotation autour du cadre y sont reliées au moyen de liaisons à rouleaux 14. Le cadre 6 et les couronnes 7 sont aussi équipés de butées d'entraínement 15-16, positionnées de manière à appliquer la valeur de vrillage nécessaire sur chaque carcan 23. La partie supérieure du four intégre les mors de serrage 3 d'une des extrémité de la pièce 1 et permet aussi le passage de la tige de guidage 25 reliant les mors à la structure métallique 12. Said central part composed of an electric oven circular 2 capable of a temperature range included between 700 and 940 ° C, have slots 24 intended for passage of bars 5 integral with crowns 7 whose purpose is to act on shafts 23 mounted on the part and visible in Figure 5. Metallic screens filled with material fibrous seal the oven to the right of the slots. A circular frame 6 of tubular mechanically welded construction is rotated by an electric motor 10 to variable speed by means of a ring gear 11 fixed to the upper end of the frame 6. The frame 6 is connected to the metal structure 12 of the equipment by connections to rollers 13, and has as many crowns 7 as necessary according to the law of evolution of the twist, said free crowns 7 rotating around the frame are connected to it by means of roller connections 14. Frame 6 and the crowns 7 are also fitted with drive stops 15-16, positioned to apply the twist value required on each yoke 23. The upper part of the oven incorporates clamping jaws 3 from one end of the part 1 and also allows the passage of the guide rod 25 connecting the jaws with the metallic structure 12.

    La partie supérieure est principalement destinée au serrage d'une des extrémités de la pièce 1 à vriller. La tige 25 refroidie à l'eau assure le guidage et la liaison des mors de serrage 3 adaptés à la forme de la pièce 1 avec la struture 12 de l'équipement .Un systeme de blocage par coins 22 représenté plus en détails sur la figure 5 permet de positionner et d'immobiliser la pièce 1 à une position fixe tout en permettant une translation verticale de la pièce 1 du four 2 vers le poste de chargement/déchargement situé sous le four.The upper part is mainly intended for clamping from one end of part 1 to be twisted. The rod 25 water-cooled ensures the guidance and connection of the jaws of clamping 3 adapted to the shape of the part 1 with the structure 12 of the equipment. A blocking system by corners 22 shown in more detail in Figure 5 allows position and immobilize the part 1 in a fixed position while allowing vertical translation of the part 1 of the oven 2 to the loading / unloading station located under the oven.

    Un système de contre poids permet l'équilibrage de cet ensemble dans le but de ne pas contraindre l'élément au déchargement.A counterweight system allows the balancing of this together in order not to constrain the element to unloading.

    La partie inférieure destinée au transfert du poste de chargement/déchargement vers le four 2 assure aussi la fonction de bridage de l'autre extrémité de l'élément 1 au moyen de deux mors 4, libre en rotation, prolongés d'une tige 20 guidée verticalement par un manchon 18 solidaire d'un chariot 17 à translation verticale assurée par le vérin 19. De plus le chariot 17 est équipé d'un système de butée à billes 9 et d'un vérin 8 afin d'appliquer un effort de traction à l'élément 1 de manière à conserver une distance constante entre les mors de bridage 3 et 4 haut et bas. Le vérin 8 permet aussi d'absorber les effets de la dilatation de la pièce 1 pendant le chauffage.The lower part intended for the transfer of the loading / unloading to oven 2 also ensures clamping function of the other end of element 1 to by means of two jaws 4, free to rotate, extended by a rod 20 guided vertically by a sleeve 18 integral with a carriage 17 with vertical translation provided by the jack 19. In addition, the carriage 17 is equipped with a stop system at balls 9 and a jack 8 in order to apply a force of traction to element 1 so as to maintain a distance constant between jaws 3 and 4 high and low. The cylinder 8 also absorbs the effects of expansion of room 1 during heating.

    Les carcans 23 constitués de pièces mécaniques mécanosoudées sont bridés sur la pièce à des positions définies par la loi d'évolution du vrillage. Une table de préparation permet de les positionner parfaitement sur l'élément. Dans un exemple de réalisation la figure 2 montre les positions déterminées A, B, C, D, E des carcans 23 en fonction de la courbe d'évolution du vrillage et ces positions sont reportées sur la figure 3.Shackles 23 made up of mechanically welded mechanical parts are clamped on the workpiece in positions defined by law evolution of the twist. A preparation table allows position them perfectly on the element. In an example Figure 2 shows the determined positions A, B, C, D, E of the shafts 23 as a function of the curve evolution of the twist and these positions are reported on Figure 3.

    On va maintenant décrire le déroulé d'une opération de vrillage évolutif à chaud d'un ensemble soudé 1 d'aube de turbomachine, conformément à l'invention.We will now describe the course of an operation of hot-swappable twist of a welded assembly 1 of blade turbomachine, in accordance with the invention.

    Le four électrique 2 est maintenu à une température supérieure à 700° pour une application sur un alliage de titane du type TA6V, les mors 3 et 4 sont en position basse prêts à recevoir un ensemble soudé comportant des carcans 23 répartis sur la hauteur de l'ensemble soudé en fonction de la loi d'évolution du vrillage, comme indiqué ci-dessus. Dès que le bridage de l'ensemble est terminé, le chariot 17 le transfère dans le four 2 jusqu'à une position de fin de course prédéfinie, alors les mors 3 sont immobilisés par un système de coins 22 représenté sur la figure 5. A ce stade, les portes du four 21 étant fermées l'ensemble soudé 1 est maintenu dans le four 2 jusqu'à ce qu'il ait atteint la température de vrillage. Dès que la température de vrillage est atteinte le moteur 10 entraíne le cadre circulaire 6 qui au moyen des butées 15 et 16 réparties suivant l'angle de vrillage à fournir entraíne tour à tour les couronnes 7 dont les barrettes 5 en agissant sur les carcans 23 impriment à l'ensemble soudé 1 la loi de vrillage désirée, alors le cadre 6 est entraíné en sens inverse en ramenant dans sa course les couronnes 7 en position de début de cycle. A ce stade les portes du four s'ouvrent et le chariot 17 transfère l'ensemble 1 soudé au poste de chargement/déchargement.The electric oven 2 is maintained at a temperature greater than 700 ° for application on an alloy of TA6V type titanium, jaws 3 and 4 are in the low position ready to receive a welded assembly comprising shafts 23 distributed over the height of the welded assembly according to the law of twisting evolution, as indicated above. As soon as the clamping of the assembly is finished, the carriage 17 transfers to oven 2 to an end position predefined stroke, then the jaws 3 are immobilized by a wedge system 22 shown in FIG. 5. At this stage, the oven doors 21 being closed the welded assembly 1 is kept in oven 2 until it reaches the twist temperature. As soon as the twist temperature is reached the motor 10 drives the circular frame 6 which by means of the stops 15 and 16 distributed according to the angle of twisting to be supplied in turn drives the crowns 7 of which the bars 5 by acting on the shafts 23 print at the whole welded 1 the desired twist law, then the frame 6 is driven in the opposite direction by bringing in its race the crowns 7 in the cycle start position. At this point the oven doors open and cart 17 transfers assembly 1 welded to the loading / unloading station.

    Claims (8)

    Procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine, notamment une aube de rotor de soufflante à grande corde, comportant les étapes suivantes : (a) à partir de la définition d'une aube à obtenir, étude en utilisant les moyens de Conception et Fabrication Assistés par Ordinateur / CFAO et réalisation d'une simulation numérique de la mise à plat des pièces constitutives de l'aube ; (b) forgeage sur presse des pièces primaires par matriçage ; (c) usinage des pièces primaires ; (d) dépôt de barrières de diffusion suivant un motif prédéfini ; (e) assemblage des pièces primaires suivi du soudage-diffusion en pression isostatique ; (f) gonflage sous pression de gaz et formage superplastique ; (g) usinage final , comporte en outre une opération de vrillage évolutif à chaud d'un élément (1) destiné à la fabrication de l'aube, par une torsion à chaud dudit élément (1) en alliage de titane, du type TA6V, à une température supérieure à 700° sous l'action de plusieurs barrettes (5) animées d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe de vrillage et agissant sur des carcans (23), préalablement fixés sur l'élément (1), répartis suivant la loi de vrillage prédéterminée,la répartition et le nombre de carcans (23) étant déterminés de manière à obtenir entre chaque carcan (23) une évolution linéaire du vrillage.Method for manufacturing a hollow turbomachine blade, in particular a large-rope fan rotor blade, comprising the following steps: (a) from the definition of a dawn to be obtained, study using the means of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing / CAD / CAM and realization of a digital simulation of the flattening of the constituent parts of the dawn; (b) press forging of primary parts by stamping; (c) machining of primary parts; (d) depositing diffusion barriers according to a predefined pattern; (e) assembly of the primary parts followed by welding-diffusion under isostatic pressure; (f) inflation under gas pressure and superplastic forming; (g) final machining, further comprises a hot twisting operation of an element (1) intended for the manufacture of the blade, by a hot twisting of said element (1) made of titanium alloy, of the TA6V type, at a temperature higher than 700 ° under the action of several bars (5) animated by a rotational movement around the twist axis and acting on shackles (23), previously fixed on the element (1), distributed according to the law of predetermined twist, the distribution and the number of shafts (23) being determined so as to obtain between each yoke (23) a linear evolution of the twist. Procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle ladite opération de vrillage est effectuée sur chaque pièce primaire forgée.Method of manufacturing a hollow blade according to the claim 1 wherein said twisting operation is performed on each primary forged part. Procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle ladite opération de vrillage est effectuée sur un ensemble plat composé des pièces constitutives de l'aube non soudées.Method of manufacturing a hollow blade according to the claim 1 wherein said twisting operation is performed on a flat set consisting of the parts of the dawn not welded. Procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle ladite opération de vrillage est effectuée sur un ensemble plat (1) obtenu après assemblage des pièces primaires suivi du soudage diffusion.Method of manufacturing a hollow blade according to the claim 1 wherein said twisting operation is carried out on a flat assembly (1) obtained after assembly of primary parts followed by welding diffusion. Procédé de fabrication d'une aube creuse selon la revendication 1 à 4 dans lequelle ladite opération de vrillage est précédée par une opération de cambrage dans la zone de raccordement du pied et la zone de bas de pale de l'aube.Method of manufacturing a hollow blade according to the claim 1 to 4 in which said operation of twisting is preceded by a bending operation in the foot connection area and the bottom blade area from dawn. Equipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud destiné à la fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine suivant le procédé des revendications 1 à 5 comprenant une structure métallique (12) sur laquelle est fixé verticalement un four électrique cylindrique (2) comprenant des fentes (24) permettant le passage de barrettes (5) , d'un cadre circulaire (6) enveloppant ledit four (2), des couronnes (7) libres en rotation autour du cadre (6) sur lesquelles sont placées des barrettes (5) agissant sur des carcans (23) bridés sur l'élément à vriller (1), des mors (3,4) situés à chaque extrémité de l'élément (1) assurent le positionnement de la pièce (1) dans le four (2) et une traction permanent dans la direction de l'axe de l'élément (1) en cours de vrillage.Scalable hot twist equipment for manufacture of a hollow turbomachine blade according to method of claims 1 to 5 comprising a structure metallic (12) to which is vertically fixed a cylindrical electric oven (2) comprising slots (24) allowing the passage of bars (5), a frame circular (6) enveloping said oven (2), crowns (7) free to rotate around the frame (6) on which are placed bars (5) acting on shackles (23) flanged on the element to be twisted (1), jaws (3,4) located at each end of the element (1) ensure the positioning of the part (1) in the oven (2) and a permanent traction in the direction of the element axis (1) during twisting. Equipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud destiné à la fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine selon la revendication 6 dans laquelle un système de coins (22) positionne et immobilise en rotation les mors de serrage (3) de la partie supérieure tout en assurant le dégagement au cours des transferts.Scalable hot twist equipment for manufacture of a hollow turbomachine blade according to the claim 6 wherein a wedge system (22) positions and immobilizes the clamping jaws in rotation (3) from the top while ensuring clearance during transfers. Equipement de vrillage évolutif à chaud destiné à la fabrication d'une aube creuse de turbomachine selon la revendication 6 dans laquelle les barrettes (5) sont réglables en pénétration dans le four.Scalable hot twist equipment for manufacture of a hollow turbomachine blade according to the claim 6 in which the bars (5) are adjustable in penetration into the oven.
    EP97401954A 1996-08-22 1997-08-20 Process for manufacturing a hollow turbine blade and device used for on-going hot twisting Expired - Lifetime EP0824981B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    FR9610352A FR2752539B1 (en) 1996-08-22 1996-08-22 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A HOLLOW BLADE OF A TURBOMACHINE AND HOT-SCALABLE TURNING EQUIPMENT
    FR9610352 1996-08-22

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    EP0824981A1 true EP0824981A1 (en) 1998-02-25
    EP0824981B1 EP0824981B1 (en) 2001-05-02

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    JPH1089008A (en) 1998-04-07
    US5933952A (en) 1999-08-10
    DE69704690D1 (en) 2001-06-07
    US6242715B1 (en) 2001-06-05
    FR2752539A1 (en) 1998-02-27
    EP0824981B1 (en) 2001-05-02
    DE69704690T2 (en) 2001-11-29
    FR2752539B1 (en) 1998-09-18

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