EP0822332A1 - Générateur hydraulique - Google Patents

Générateur hydraulique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0822332A1
EP0822332A1 EP96810514A EP96810514A EP0822332A1 EP 0822332 A1 EP0822332 A1 EP 0822332A1 EP 96810514 A EP96810514 A EP 96810514A EP 96810514 A EP96810514 A EP 96810514A EP 0822332 A1 EP0822332 A1 EP 0822332A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
valve
flow
control
bypass valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96810514A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0822332B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dr. Dörfler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria
Original Assignee
Andritz Hydro AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz Hydro AG filed Critical Andritz Hydro AG
Priority to ES96810514T priority Critical patent/ES2162993T3/es
Priority to AT96810514T priority patent/ATE207188T1/de
Priority to EP96810514A priority patent/EP0822332B1/fr
Priority to IDP972567A priority patent/ID17003A/id
Publication of EP0822332A1 publication Critical patent/EP0822332A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0822332B1 publication Critical patent/EP0822332B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
    • F03B15/18—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydropower plant a generator and a turbine, for example a Francis or a pump turbine, the one Has adjustable vane apparatus, and with a Bypass valve to control with one Quick closing SS of the guide vanes depending on the bucket position to prevent one Pressure surge to control the bypass valve appropriately.
  • the transmission can be mechanical, oil-hydraulic or done electrically. It is essential that a Relationship between the two positioning movements in form a function is established. The form of this function is chosen so that at a given speed and head the sum of the two flows is approximately constant remains. It is also common to define the one so defined Compensating movement of the valve a permanent slow Closing movement overlay, so that over a long time seen the valve always the closed position reached, but the rate of change of the total flow corresponds approximately to the superimposed closing movement.
  • the one that occurs as a result of the change in the amount of water Pressure surge is not just a pressure effect in itself disturbing, namely by mechanical stress on the water-carrying parts such as pressure line, slide valve, Turbine casing etc. but also on the scheme, in particular speed and power control, one disruptive influence. It will be a rapid decrease of the turbine output, this must be done by a Closing movement of the guide apparatus, thus also one The flow rate is reduced. This occurs a temporary increase due to the surge effect performance, i.e. the opposite effect. Only after If this effect subsides, the desired effect is achieved Decrease in performance. This one, as The effect of a counteracting performance is an effect physical limit for the quality of the scheme.
  • An advantage of the invention is that as decisive size for the compensation of the flow no longer the opening, but the flow itself is used. To much better accuracy to achieve all major influences on the Turbine flow rate, namely except for the opening of the Guide vanes also drop height and especially the Speed, taken into account. This can be done with use digital controller can be solved advantageously.
  • Two of the three Variables, opening A and speed n, are available normally available as measured quantities.
  • the third, Fall height H can either also be measured or with Using a mathematical model (observer) be calculated continuously.
  • the flow can be calculated from the three independent influencing variables A T , H, n using a mathematical model of the turbine.
  • a set course of the total flow can be calculated, with a view to achieving a pressure variation in the line that is as uniform as possible.
  • This type of control is also advantageous in other operating situations. It allows, during periods of sudden increases in load, the bypass valve to operate with a flow Q L, corresponding to a small percentage, for example, 4% of flow Q T of the turbine with sudden increase in the opening A T of the vanes, the valve opening A V corresponding to downsize. Because the flow Q T of the turbine itself is also recorded in such a situation, a very precise adjustment is possible in the initial situation of the load increase, which reduces overshoot of the flow Q T and the associated pressure fluctuations and at the same time facilitates the speed control.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for control processes in both directions of the load change in that a certain flow rate Q VO is assigned to the valve in the state of equilibrium. In terms of energy, this represents a loss. However, it can be determined so that the system fulfills an otherwise impossible control task by correcting the pressure surge effect. It is also readily possible to temporarily set the preset flow rate Q VO of the valve to greater than zero in accordance with a changing operating task, namely when the processing of a relatively significant sudden increase in load is expected in the short term.
  • predetermined total curves Q T + Q V such as decay curves and damping can be determined from the current and very precisely determined flow values Q T of the turbine and implemented directly in the control.
  • a bypass valve can have several Turbines are assigned and so for example also a replace another defective bypass valve.
  • FIG. 1 improvement possibilities for a corresponding hydropower plant are shown.
  • a Francis turbine 2 with a nominal output of 65 MW and a head H of 143 m is fed from a reservoir 6 by a pressure line 7 with a length of 1.6 km without a water lock.
  • this system is not suitable for operation in so-called island operation, ie without a connection to a larger electrical network. However, this is necessary for operational reasons, for example.
  • a bypass valve 4 is present and is used in conventional technology for quick closing.
  • the turbine 2 has a guide device 3 and is coupled via its impeller to a generator 1, which delivers its power to the electrical network in accordance with a power requirement.
  • a controller 5 the rotational speed n of the turbine 2, and its output power over the opening A T of the diffuser 3 for the regulated respectively occurring power requirements.
  • the speed n is measured via a speed measurement 9 with a speed sensor 8 and likewise the power output by the generator and fed to a speed control or power control.
  • Head H and flow Q T of the turbine determine the power output.
  • the opening of the diffuser A T is determined and tracked according to a predetermined by the controller 5 set point to an actuator.
  • the bypass valve 4 is connected in parallel to the turbine 2 on the same feed line 7. Its flow Q V can be changed by an actuator 13 in accordance with the specifications of the control 5.
  • the bypass valve has been, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b, is used to compensate for loss caused by Lastabwurt quick-SS to the turbine 2 by the closed bypass valve through an opening A V the turbine 2 relieved at quick-SS to a flow rate Q V .
  • the opening A T has been shut down of the turbine with the maximum possible closing speed to approximately zero, while the opening A V was given for the bypass valve so that the total opening A T + A V continuously but much more slowly, for example, in a five times as long period Zero was shut down.
  • the resulting flows Q T and Q V are shown in Figure 2b.
  • the speed curve n is shown and the pressure curve resp. the course of the fall height H is recorded.
  • this type of regulation can also be used in the event of sudden increases in output, for example in the form of stair curves, if the bypass valve is already regulated at the time of the occurrence of such jumps to a minimum flow rate Q VO which corresponds to a kind of equilibrium state in current operation.
  • a minimum flow rate Q VO of 10% of the nominal value of the turbine flow rate Q T 100% is set in FIG. 4 for a hydropower plant which has the same data as for FIGS. 2 and 3 for a network in island operation.
  • a hydropower plant which has the same data as for FIGS. 2 and 3 for a network in island operation.
  • there is a sudden increase in power consumption which leads to the opening of the guide vanes and to an increase in the turbine flow rate Q T , without the speed n and the head H being subject to major short-term fluctuations.
  • the regulation of the flow rate Q V of the bypass valve detects the effects of the speed fluctuations and for the determination of the flow rate Q V it is based on a target curve Q T + Q V , which corresponds to a smooth transition to the higher power threshold.
  • valve opening A V occurred in the original scheme as a function of the turbine opening A T for the energy consumption strong random changes, such as may occur at a metallurgical plant with electric arc furnaces, which appeared up to +/- 10% variation of the line frequency. Similar large fluctuations have been found for the fall height. Only by using a regulation of the flow Q V from the bypass valve according to the invention is it possible to reduce these fluctuations by more than half. It also shows that a relatively small permanent bypass water volume in the order of 2-5% is sufficient in many cases to achieve significant improvements in frequency control. It is therefore not necessary (as shown in FIG. 4) to compensate for the entire extent of a sudden increase in the turbine flow.
  • a current turbine flow rate Q T results on the TUM turbine model.
  • FIG 6 a block diagram is shown in which n from the input variables speed, opening of the diffuser A T and opening of the bypass valve V A calculates a momentary drop height H. From a provisional value H, the opening A V on the valve characteristic VKL results in a value Q V for the valve flow, which together with the value Q T of the turbine flow enables the determination of the new head with a pressure surge model DSM.
  • Non-linear models are also suitable for calculating the flow in the case of large changes and are therefore preferable.
  • the common list is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the unitary flow rate Q1 ie, related to the head Flow
  • the unit number of revolutions n 1 ie, related to the height of fall speed. This model is described, for example, in the textbook: "MH Chaudhry, Applied Hydraulic Transients, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1979, page 113".
  • a pressure surge model DSM continuously results in a value for the head H which, according to FIG. 6, for the valve characteristic curve VKL for determining Q V , for the turbine model TUM for determining Q T , and for the reverse valve characteristic curve UKL for determining the target value of valve opening A. Vsoll is used.
  • One advantage of the device described here is in that they're readjusting in both directions of leaps in performance can be used. So could for example in the representation of Figure 4 without further a quick close SS after the representation of Connect Figure 3b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP96810514A 1996-08-02 1996-08-02 Générateur hydraulique Expired - Lifetime EP0822332B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES96810514T ES2162993T3 (es) 1996-08-02 1996-08-02 Instalacion hidroelectrica.
AT96810514T ATE207188T1 (de) 1996-08-02 1996-08-02 Wasserkraftanlage
EP96810514A EP0822332B1 (fr) 1996-08-02 1996-08-02 Générateur hydraulique
IDP972567A ID17003A (id) 1996-08-02 1997-07-24 Rancangan daya hidroelektrik

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96810514A EP0822332B1 (fr) 1996-08-02 1996-08-02 Générateur hydraulique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0822332A1 true EP0822332A1 (fr) 1998-02-04
EP0822332B1 EP0822332B1 (fr) 2001-10-17

Family

ID=8225670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96810514A Expired - Lifetime EP0822332B1 (fr) 1996-08-02 1996-08-02 Générateur hydraulique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0822332B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE207188T1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2162993T3 (fr)
ID (1) ID17003A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013068244A3 (fr) * 2011-11-10 2013-10-17 Evonik Industries Ag Procédé pour fournir une puissance de régulation
WO2016068812A1 (fr) * 2014-10-30 2016-05-06 Zel-En D.O.O. Dérivation pour conversion potentielle d'eau commandée dans un espace limité
DE102015011487A1 (de) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-09 Magnussen EMSR-Technik GmbH Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs einer Förderpumpe, die Wasser aus einem Brunnen in ein Leitungsnetz fördert, sowie Anlage zum Fördern von Wasser aus mindestens einem Brunnen in ein Leitungsnetz
US9667071B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2017-05-30 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Method for providing control power by an energy store by using tolerances in the determination of the frequency deviation
US9966762B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2018-05-08 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Method for providing control power by an energy store by using tolerances in the delivery of power
WO2021170271A1 (fr) * 2020-02-25 2021-09-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Centrale hydroélectrique dotée de vanne de sécurité

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730638A (en) * 1970-12-16 1973-05-01 Hitachi Ltd Speed governor
US4097183A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-06-27 Bechtel International Corporation Method of and apparatus for controlling by-pass valve
US4467216A (en) * 1982-04-06 1984-08-21 J-U-B Engineers, Inc. Multiple fixed hydraulic geometry turbine control system
EP0435182A2 (fr) * 1989-12-21 1991-07-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système de régulation assurant un fonctionnement efficace des centrales hydroélectriques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730638A (en) * 1970-12-16 1973-05-01 Hitachi Ltd Speed governor
US4097183A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-06-27 Bechtel International Corporation Method of and apparatus for controlling by-pass valve
US4467216A (en) * 1982-04-06 1984-08-21 J-U-B Engineers, Inc. Multiple fixed hydraulic geometry turbine control system
EP0435182A2 (fr) * 1989-12-21 1991-07-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système de régulation assurant un fonctionnement efficace des centrales hydroélectriques

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 8, no. 120 (M - 300)<1557> 6 June 1984 (1984-06-06) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013068244A3 (fr) * 2011-11-10 2013-10-17 Evonik Industries Ag Procédé pour fournir une puissance de régulation
US9667071B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2017-05-30 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Method for providing control power by an energy store by using tolerances in the determination of the frequency deviation
US9966762B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2018-05-08 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Method for providing control power by an energy store by using tolerances in the delivery of power
WO2016068812A1 (fr) * 2014-10-30 2016-05-06 Zel-En D.O.O. Dérivation pour conversion potentielle d'eau commandée dans un espace limité
DE102015011487A1 (de) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-09 Magnussen EMSR-Technik GmbH Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs einer Förderpumpe, die Wasser aus einem Brunnen in ein Leitungsnetz fördert, sowie Anlage zum Fördern von Wasser aus mindestens einem Brunnen in ein Leitungsnetz
WO2021170271A1 (fr) * 2020-02-25 2021-09-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Centrale hydroélectrique dotée de vanne de sécurité

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ID17003A (id) 1997-11-27
EP0822332B1 (fr) 2001-10-17
ATE207188T1 (de) 2001-11-15
ES2162993T3 (es) 2002-01-16

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