EP0822321A1 - Method for slowing down a 4 stroke internal combustion engine, in particular, when used for vehicle propulsion - Google Patents

Method for slowing down a 4 stroke internal combustion engine, in particular, when used for vehicle propulsion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0822321A1
EP0822321A1 EP97102964A EP97102964A EP0822321A1 EP 0822321 A1 EP0822321 A1 EP 0822321A1 EP 97102964 A EP97102964 A EP 97102964A EP 97102964 A EP97102964 A EP 97102964A EP 0822321 A1 EP0822321 A1 EP 0822321A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
braking
internal combustion
combustion engine
motor vehicle
triggered
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Granted
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EP97102964A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0822321B1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Sumser
Erwin Schmidt
Horst Hanauer
Werner Dr. Rumez
Eberhard Schneider
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Daimler AG
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DaimlerChrysler AG
Daimler Benz AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/04—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation using engine as brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/06—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for braking a Four-stroke internal combustion engine according to the preamble of Claim 1, and a motor vehicle by an internal combustion engine is driven by this method can be braked.
  • From DE-PS 34 28 626 is an actuator for an engine brake on a four-stroke internal combustion engine known, which is a throttle valve arranged in the exhaust pipe and an additional exhaust valve for each cylinder Blowing compressed air into the exhaust pipe.
  • a throttle valve arranged in the exhaust pipe and an additional exhaust valve for each cylinder Blowing compressed air into the exhaust pipe.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which an internal combustion engine of the generic type faster and can be slowed down more effectively than with the Known engine brake is the case, so that this Internal combustion engine driven vehicle in particular Emergency can quickly be brought to a standstill. A however, rapid braking can also occur with a stationary one Internal combustion engine matter if any of these driven device must be shut down quickly.
  • the pistons a high, driving back during the compression cycle Combustion pressure exerted extremely fast Braking the engine causes.
  • the exhaust valves can have additional, e.g. from the above DE-PS 34 28 626 known, electrically or by a pressure medium be actuatable valves or normal gas exchange exhaust valves, if their tax times are changed like this able that the desired opening start is reached.
  • the triggering of premature combustion can be in Otto internal combustion engines by bringing the Ignition point take place, that far beyond the usual early ignition goes out, and with diesel internal combustion engines corresponding early injection, which in turn is well before the early injection due to ignition delay takes place.
  • diesel engines can also be used an ignition aid e.g. in the form of an ignition or Glow plug can be provided.
  • a Device proposed that a device for early adjustment the ignition timing and / or the injection timing and if necessary to open at least one Exhaust valve per cylinder and an emergency switch for Activate this device, by its operation a the normal regulation for the ignition timing or control overriding the injection timing and if necessary, the exhaust valves at the right time be opened.
  • the emergency switch possibly triggered an optical or acoustic signal will.
  • the emergency switch In a motor vehicle using an internal combustion engine the above device is driven, the emergency switch arranged in the driver's compartment.
  • the emergency switch should of course be attached in such a way that it not accidentally and on the other hand not only from Driver, but also operated by a passenger can.
  • a four-stroke Otto engine 1 has a cylinder block 2 with cylinders 3 and pistons 4 and a cylinder head 5 in which, in addition to the usual gas exchange inlet and exhaust valves, an additional, for example pneumatically or hydraulically controlled Exhaust valve 7 (Fig. 2) is arranged.
  • the cylinder head 5 also contains the camshaft for actuating the gas exchange valves and the schematically illustrated injection and Ignition system 6, which is operated by electronics 8 in normal operation is regulated.
  • a separate electronic Regulator 9 is provided, which is operated by an emergency switch 10 activated for example in the dashboard 11 of the vehicle can be and on the one hand the ignition timing regardless of the setting by the electronics 8 in the "early" direction adjusted that the combustion in each cylinder already during the compression cycle, i.e. well before reaching the top dead center of the piston 4, is triggered, and on the other hand the additional at the end of the compression cycle Exhaust valve 7 opens. Due to premature combustion on the piston 4 a restoring combustion pressure, the causes the internal combustion engine to brake quickly. By the opening of the additional exhaust valve 7 towards the end of Compression cycle is avoided that after going through the top dead center a driving pressure force on the piston 4 acts.
  • the additional exhaust valve 7 shown in Fig. 2 blocks in the closed state, a channel 12 which is not connected to the cylinder space shown is connected and from which a Channel 13 goes out to the outlet channel, not shown the internal combustion engine 1 or to the turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger is guided, the one adapted to the braking operation can have a narrow flow cross-section.
  • the valve 7 is acted upon by a spring 14 in the closing direction and carries a control piston 15 which is slidable in one Cylinder 16 sits and a pressure chamber 18 with a cover 17 limited by a port 19 a pressure medium can be supplied to open the valve 7.
  • the Supply of the pressure medium is controlled by the controller 9.
  • the additional outlet valve 7 can be omitted if the Internal combustion engine with a valve train with variable Control times is equipped and the gas exchange exhaust valves can be controlled by the controller 9 so that they are opened at the end of the compression cycle.
  • the controller 9 can activate a signal device 20 which when actuating the emergency switch 10, an optical or acoustic signal triggers
  • the controller 9 does not need the injection and Ignition system 6 to act, but it can instead have a Line 28 are connected to the electronics 8 and this influence accordingly ..
  • combustion occurs triggered during the compression stroke that the Fuel injection accordingly long before reaching the top dead center of the piston.
  • an ignition aid e.g. in the form of a spark or glow plug be provided.
  • the braking of the internal combustion engine can still do so be accelerated that the dynamic pressure in the exhaust pipe is increased, e.g. through a throttle valve in the exhaust line or with an internal combustion engine an exhaust gas turbocharger, the turbine with a variable Guide vane is provided by adjusting it (see e.g. DE-C 42 32 400).

Abstract

The method enabling rapid deceleration of the four stroke IC engine involves using additional combustion stages during the compression stage and before reaching TDC. This combustion is controlled to generate the required amount of engine braking and is terminated well before TDC. Each cylinder has at least one exhaust valve operated in the special mode. Controlled amounts of fuel are injected for the braking combustion. For diesel engines the fuel injection can be accompanied by a glow plug, or spark assistance. The engine braking is activated by an emergency stop control and/or by emergency braking of the vehicle.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abbremsen einer Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug, das von einer Brennkraftmaschine angetrieben ist, die nach diesem Verfahren abbremsbar ist.The invention relates to a method for braking a Four-stroke internal combustion engine according to the preamble of Claim 1, and a motor vehicle by an internal combustion engine is driven by this method can be braked.

Aus der DE-PS 34 28 626 ist eine Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Motorbremse an einer Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, die eine in der Abgasleitung angeordnete Drosselklappe und für jeden Zylinder ein Zusatz-Auslaßventil zum Abblasen von verdichteter Luft in die Abgasleitung aufweist. Dabei werden bei Betätigung des Bremspedals die oder einige der Zusatz-Auslaßventile geöffnet und damit die Arbeitsdrücke in dem oder einigen der Zylinder verringert und dann die Drosselklappe geschlossen.From DE-PS 34 28 626 is an actuator for an engine brake on a four-stroke internal combustion engine known, which is a throttle valve arranged in the exhaust pipe and an additional exhaust valve for each cylinder Blowing compressed air into the exhaust pipe. When you press the brake pedal, the or some the additional exhaust valves opened and thus the working pressures decreased in the or some of the cylinders and then the Throttle valve closed.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem eine Brennkraftmaschine der gattungsgemäßen Art schneller und wirkungsvoller abgebremst werden kann, als dies mit der bekannten Motorbremse der Fall ist, so daß das von dieser Brennkraftmaschine angetriebene Fahrzeug insbesondere im Notfall schnell zum Stillstand gebracht werden kann. Ein schnelles Abbremsen kann jedoch auch bei einer stationären Brennkraftmaschine von Bedeutung sein, wenn eine von dieser angetriebene Vorrichtung schnell stillgesetzt werden muß.The object of the invention is to provide a method with which an internal combustion engine of the generic type faster and can be slowed down more effectively than with the Known engine brake is the case, so that this Internal combustion engine driven vehicle in particular Emergency can quickly be brought to a standstill. A however, rapid braking can also occur with a stationary one Internal combustion engine matter if any of these driven device must be shut down quickly.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the im Characteristic of claim 1 specified features solved.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird auf die Kolben während des Verdichtungstaktes ein hoher, rücktreibender Verbrennungsdruck ausgeübt, der ein äußerst schnelles Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine bewirkt.In the method according to the invention, the pistons a high, driving back during the compression cycle Combustion pressure exerted extremely fast Braking the engine causes.

Um dabei die Ausübung eines antreibenden Verbrennungsdruckes auf die Kolben mit Sicherheit auszuschließen, kann vorgesehen werden, daß gegen Ende dem Verdichtungstaktes mindestens ein Auslaßventil pro Zylinder geöffnet wird.To exercise a driving combustion pressure to exclude the pistons with certainty can be provided be that towards the end of the compression stroke at least one Exhaust valve per cylinder is opened.

Die Auslaßventile können zusätzliche, z.B. aus der genannten DE-PS 34 28 626 bekannte, elektrisch oder durch ein Druckmedium betätigbare Ventile sein oder auch normale Gaswechsel-Auslaßventile, wenn deren Steuerzeiten so verändert werden können, daß der gewünschte Öffungsbeginn erreicht wird.The exhaust valves can have additional, e.g. from the above DE-PS 34 28 626 known, electrically or by a pressure medium be actuatable valves or normal gas exchange exhaust valves, if their tax times are changed like this able that the desired opening start is reached.

Das Auslösen der vorzeitigen Verbrennung kann bei Otto-Brennkraftmaschinen durch entsprechendes Vorverlegen des Zündzeitpunktes erfolgen, das weit über die übliche Frühzündung hinausgeht, und bei Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen durch entsprechende Früheinspritzung, die wiederum weit vor der wegen des Zündverzuges erfolgenden Früheinspritzung stattfindet. Im Bedarfsfall kann auch bei Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen eine Zündhilfe z.B. in Form einer Zünd- oder Glühkerze vorgesehen werden.The triggering of premature combustion can be in Otto internal combustion engines by bringing the Ignition point take place, that far beyond the usual early ignition goes out, and with diesel internal combustion engines corresponding early injection, which in turn is well before the early injection due to ignition delay takes place. If necessary, diesel engines can also be used an ignition aid e.g. in the form of an ignition or Glow plug can be provided.

Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird eine Vorrichtung vorgeschlagen, die eine Einrichtung zur Frühverstellung des Zündzeitpunktes und/oder des Einspritzzeitpunktes und gegebenenfalls zum Öffnen mindestens eines Auslaßventils pro Zylinder sowie einen Notfallschalter zum Aktivieren dieser Einrichtung aufweist, durch dessen Betätigung eine die normale Regelung für den Zündzeitpunkt oder den Einspritz-Zeitpunkt übersteuernde Regelung einsetzt und gegebenenfalls die Auslaßventile zum richtigen Zeitpunkt geöffnet werden. Durch Betätigung des Notfallschalters kann gegebenenfalls ein optisches oder akustisches Signal ausgelöst werden.To carry out the method according to the invention, a Device proposed that a device for early adjustment the ignition timing and / or the injection timing and if necessary to open at least one Exhaust valve per cylinder and an emergency switch for Activate this device, by its operation a the normal regulation for the ignition timing or control overriding the injection timing and if necessary, the exhaust valves at the right time be opened. By pressing the emergency switch possibly triggered an optical or acoustic signal will.

Bei einem Kraftfahrzeug, das von einer Brennkraftmaschine mit der vorgenannten Einrichtung angetrieben ist, wird der Notfallschalter im Fahrerraum angeordnet. Der Notfallschalter sollte selbstverständlich so angebracht werden, daß er einerseits nicht versehentlich und andererseits nicht nur vom Fahrer, sondern auch von einem Beifahrer betätigt werden kann.In a motor vehicle using an internal combustion engine the above device is driven, the emergency switch arranged in the driver's compartment. The emergency switch should of course be attached in such a way that it not accidentally and on the other hand not only from Driver, but also operated by a passenger can.

Es kann zweckmäßig sein, die Einrichtung zum Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine mit den Mitteln zur Betätigung des Radbremssystems zu koppeln. Dadurch kann beispielsweise sichergestellt werden, daß das Radbremssystem betätigt ist, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine abgebremst wird, indem die Radbremseinrichtung durch entsprechende Koppelung mittels einer Steuer- bzw. Regelungslogik gleichzeitig mit dem Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine aktiviert wird. Umgekehrt kann vorgesehen werden, daß die Intensität des Abbremsens der Brennkraftmaschine, also der Zeitpunkt des Auslösens der vorzeitigen Verbrennung und gegebenenfalls des Öffnens der Auslaßventile, von der Betätigung des Bremspedals oder, falls vorhanden, vom Ansprechen einer Antiblockiereinrichtung beeinflußt wird, um einen größtmöglichen Bremseffekt zu erzielen.It may be appropriate to slow down the device Internal combustion engine with the means for actuating the wheel brake system to couple. This can ensure, for example be that the wheel brake system is actuated when the internal combustion engine is braked by the wheel brake device by appropriate coupling using a Control or regulation logic at the same time as braking the internal combustion engine is activated. Conversely, can be provided that the intensity of the deceleration of the internal combustion engine, thus the point in time at which the premature trigger Burning and, if necessary, opening the Exhaust valves, from the operation of the brake pedal or, if present, from the response of an anti-lock device is influenced to the greatest possible braking effect achieve.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben.

Fig. 1
zeigt schematisch die Anwendung der Erfindung auf eine Fahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine, und
fig. 2
ist ein Teilschnitt des Zylinderkopfes.
The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1
shows schematically the application of the invention to a vehicle internal combustion engine, and
fig. 2nd
is a partial section of the cylinder head.

Eine Viertakt-Otto-Brennkraftmaschine 1 weist einen Zylinderblock 2 mit Zylindern 3 und Kolben 4 sowie einen Zylinderkopf 5 auf, in dem für jeden Zylinder neben den üblichen Gaswechsel-Einlaß- und Auslaßventilen ein zusätzliches, beispielsweise pneumatisch oder hydraulisch gesteuertes Auslaßventil 7 (Fig. 2) angeordnet ist. Der Zylinderkopf 5 enthält ferner die Nockenwelle zur Betätigung der Gaswechselventile sowie die schematisch dargestellte Einspritz- und Zündanlage 6, die im Normalbetrieb von einer Elektronik 8 geregelt wird.A four-stroke Otto engine 1 has a cylinder block 2 with cylinders 3 and pistons 4 and a cylinder head 5 in which, in addition to the usual gas exchange inlet and exhaust valves, an additional, for example pneumatically or hydraulically controlled Exhaust valve 7 (Fig. 2) is arranged. The cylinder head 5 also contains the camshaft for actuating the gas exchange valves and the schematically illustrated injection and Ignition system 6, which is operated by electronics 8 in normal operation is regulated.

Um insbesondere im Notfall ein schnelles Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 und damit des von dieser angetriebenen Fahrzeuges zu erreichen, ist ein eigener elektronischer Regler 9 vorgesehen, der durch einen Notfallschalter 10 beispielsweise im Armaturenbrett 11 des Fahrzeuges aktiviert werden kann und einerseits den Zündzeitpunkt unabhängig von der Einstellung durch die Elektronik 8 so in Richtung "früh" verstellt, daß die Verbrennung in jedem Zylinder schon während des Verdichtungstaktes, also weit vor Erreichen des oberen Totpunktes des Kolbens 4, ausgelöst wird, und andererseits gegen Ende des Verdichtungstaktes das zusätzliche Auslaßventil 7 öffnet. Durch die vorzeitige Verbrennung wirkt auf den Kolben 4 ein rücktreibender Verbrennungsdruck, der ein schnelles Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine bewirkt. Durch das Öffnen des zusätzlichen Auslaßventils 7 gegen Ende des Verdichtungstaktes wird vermieden, daß nach Durchlaufen des oberen Totpunktes eine antreibende Druckkraft auf den Kolben 4 wirkt.In order to brake the Internal combustion engine 1 and thus the one driven by it Reaching the vehicle is a separate electronic Regulator 9 is provided, which is operated by an emergency switch 10 activated for example in the dashboard 11 of the vehicle can be and on the one hand the ignition timing regardless of the setting by the electronics 8 in the "early" direction adjusted that the combustion in each cylinder already during the compression cycle, i.e. well before reaching the top dead center of the piston 4, is triggered, and on the other hand the additional at the end of the compression cycle Exhaust valve 7 opens. Due to premature combustion on the piston 4 a restoring combustion pressure, the causes the internal combustion engine to brake quickly. By the opening of the additional exhaust valve 7 towards the end of Compression cycle is avoided that after going through the top dead center a driving pressure force on the piston 4 acts.

Das in Fig. 2 dargestellte zusätzliche Auslaßventil 7 sperrt im geschlossenen Zustand einen Kanal 12, der an den nicht dargestellten Zylinderraum angeschlossen ist und von dem ein Kanal 13 ausgeht, der zu dem nicht dargestellten Auslaßkanal der Brennkraftmaschine 1 oder zu der Turbine eines Abgasturboladers geführt ist, die einen dem Bremsbetrieb angepaßten engen Strömungsquerschnitt haben kann. Das Ventil 7 wird durch eine Feder 14 im Schließsinn beaufschlagt und trägt einen Steuerkolben 15, der verschiebbar in einem Zylinder 16 sitzt und mit einem Deckel 17 einen Druckraum 18 begrenzt, dem durch einen Anschluß 19 ein Druckmedium zugeführt werden kann, um das Ventil 7 zu öffnen. Die Zuführung des Druckmediums wird von dem Regler 9 gesteuert. The additional exhaust valve 7 shown in Fig. 2 blocks in the closed state, a channel 12 which is not connected to the cylinder space shown is connected and from which a Channel 13 goes out to the outlet channel, not shown the internal combustion engine 1 or to the turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger is guided, the one adapted to the braking operation can have a narrow flow cross-section. The valve 7 is acted upon by a spring 14 in the closing direction and carries a control piston 15 which is slidable in one Cylinder 16 sits and a pressure chamber 18 with a cover 17 limited by a port 19 a pressure medium can be supplied to open the valve 7. The Supply of the pressure medium is controlled by the controller 9.

Das zusätzliche Auslaßventil 7 kann entfallen, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Ventiltrieb mit variablen Steuerzeiten ausgestattet ist und die Gaswechsel-Auslaßventile durch den Regler 9 so gesteuert werden können, daß sie zum Ende des Verdichtungstaktes geöffnet werden.The additional outlet valve 7 can be omitted if the Internal combustion engine with a valve train with variable Control times is equipped and the gas exchange exhaust valves can be controlled by the controller 9 so that they are opened at the end of the compression cycle.

Der Regler 9 kann eine Signaleinrichtung 20 aktivieren, die bei Betätigung des Notfallschalters 10 ein optisches oder akustisches Signal auslöstThe controller 9 can activate a signal device 20 which when actuating the emergency switch 10, an optical or acoustic signal triggers

Bei der dargestellten Verwendung der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zum Antrieb eines Kraftfahrzeuges kann es zweckmäßig sein, den Abbremsvorgang der Brennkraftmaschine, der durch Betätigen des Notfallknopfes 10 und Aktivierung des Reglers 9 ausgelöst wurde, mit der Betriebsbremse, also mit der vom Bremspedal 21 betätigbaren Radbremsanlage 22, zu koppeln, was in Fig. 1 durch die Leitung 23 angedeutet ist. Damit kann beispielsweise sichergestellt werden, daß die Radbremsanlage 22 bei Betätigung des Notfallschalters 10 voll aktiviert ist.In the illustrated use of the internal combustion engine 1 for Driving a motor vehicle, it may be appropriate Braking of the internal combustion engine by pressing of the emergency button 10 and activation of the controller 9 triggered with the service brake, i.e. with the brake pedal 21 actuatable wheel brake system 22, to couple what in Fig. 1st is indicated by line 23. For example be ensured that the wheel brake system 22 at Actuation of the emergency switch 10 is fully activated.

Es ist auch möglich, den Abbremsvorgang der Brennkraftmaschine durch das Bremspedal 21 zu beeinflussen, indem mittels eines weiteren Reglers 24, der durch die Leitung 25 mit dem Regler 9 verbunden oder in ihm enthalten ist, die Intensität des Abbremsvorganges verändert, also bei voll durchgedrücktem Bremspedal die Verbrennung im Verdichtungstakt so ausgelöst wird, daß der größtmögliche Bremseffekt erreicht wird, während beim Ansprechen eines etwa vorhandenen Antiblockiersystems 26, das dem Regler 9 über die Leitung 27 ein entsprechendes Signal zuführt, die Verbrennung später ausgelöst und/oder das zusätzliche Auslaßventil 7 (oder ein Gaswechsel-Auslaßventil) früher geöffnet und die Bremswirkung der Brennkraftmaschine verringert wird.It is also possible to slow down the engine influenced by the brake pedal 21 by by means of a further regulator 24, which is connected through line 25 connected to or contained in the controller 9, the The intensity of the braking process changed, i.e. at full depressed brake pedal the combustion in the compression stroke is triggered so that the greatest possible braking effect is achieved while addressing an existing one Anti-lock braking system 26, which the controller 9 via line 27 a corresponding signal feeds the combustion later triggered and / or the additional exhaust valve 7 (or a Gas exchange exhaust valve) opened earlier and the braking effect the internal combustion engine is reduced.

Der Regler 9 braucht nicht direkt auf die Einspritz- und Zündanlage 6 zu wirken, sondern er kann stattdessen über eine Leitung 28 mit der Elektronik 8 verbunden werden und diese entsprechend beinflussen..The controller 9 does not need the injection and Ignition system 6 to act, but it can instead have a Line 28 are connected to the electronics 8 and this influence accordingly ..

Bei einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine wird eine Verbrennung während des Verdichtungstaktes dadurch ausgelöst, daß die Kraftstoff-Einspritzung entsprechend lange vor Erreichen des oberen Totpunktes des Kolbens erfolgt. Im Bedarfsfall kann eine Zündhilfe z.B. in Form einer Zünd- oder Glühkerze vorgesehen werden.In a diesel internal combustion engine, combustion occurs triggered during the compression stroke that the Fuel injection accordingly long before reaching the top dead center of the piston. If necessary, can an ignition aid e.g. in the form of a spark or glow plug be provided.

Das Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine kann noch dadurch beschleunigt werden, daß in bekannter Weise der Staudruck in der Auspuffleitung erhöht wird, z.B. durch eine Drosselklappe in der Auspuffleitung oder bei einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Abgasturbolader, dessen Turbine mit einem variablen Leitgitter versehen ist, durch Verstellen desselben (siehe z.B. DE-C 42 32 400).The braking of the internal combustion engine can still do so be accelerated that the dynamic pressure in the exhaust pipe is increased, e.g. through a throttle valve in the exhaust line or with an internal combustion engine an exhaust gas turbocharger, the turbine with a variable Guide vane is provided by adjusting it (see e.g. DE-C 42 32 400).

Claims (13)

Verfahren zum Abbremsen einer Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zum Antrieb eines Fahrzeuges, mit mindestens einem Auslaßventil pro Zylinder,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennung in den Zylindern während des Verdichtungstaktes ausgelöst wird, so daß vor Erreichen des oberen Totpunktes der Kolben in den Zylindern ein das Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine bewirkender Druckanstieg erfolgt.Method for braking a four-stroke internal combustion engine, in particular for driving a vehicle, with at least one exhaust valve per cylinder,
characterized in that the combustion in the cylinders is triggered during the compression stroke, so that before the top dead center of the pistons in the cylinders a pressure increase causing braking of the internal combustion engine takes place. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gegen Ende des Verdichtungstaktes mindestens ein Auslaßventil pro Zylinder geöffnet wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that towards the end of the compression stroke at least one outlet valve is opened per cylinder. Verfahren nach Ansprch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Auslösen der vorzeitigen Verbrennung durch Fremdzündung während des Verdichtungstaktes erfolgt.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that triggering the premature combustion by spark ignition takes place during the compression cycle. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 3 zum Abbremsen einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kraftstoff-Einspritzung in die Zylinder so lange vor dem oberen Totpunkt der Kolben erfolgt, daß durch die vorzeitige Verbrennung während des Verdichtungstaktes ein abbremsender Druckanstieg in den Brennräumen stattfindet. Method according to one of claims 1 3 for braking a diesel internal combustion engine, characterized in that the fuel injection into the cylinders so long before that top dead center of the pistons that occurs due to the premature Combustion during the compression cycle is a decelerating Pressure increase in the combustion chambers takes place. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Auslaßventil ein zusätzliches Ventil vorgesehen wird.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that an additional valve is provided as an outlet valve. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Auslaßventil ein Gaswechselventil vorgesehen wird, dessen Steuerzeiten veränderbar sind.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that as Exhaust valve a gas exchange valve is provided, the Tax times are changeable. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch a) eine Einrichtung (9) zur Frühverstellung des Zündzeitpunktes und/oder des Einspritz-Zeitpunktes und gegebenenfalls zum Öffnen mindestens eines Auslaßventils (7) pro Zylinder gegen Ende des Verdichtungstaktes, und b) einen Notfallschalter (10) zum Aktivieren dieser Einrichtung. Device for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized by a) a device (9) for early adjustment of the ignition point and / or the injection point and optionally for opening at least one exhaust valve (7) per cylinder towards the end of the compression stroke, and b) an emergency switch (10) for activating this device. Kraftfahrzeug, das eine willkürlich betätigbare Radbremsanlage (22) aufweist und von einer Brennkraftmaschine (1) mit einer Einrichtung (9) gemäß Anspruch 7 angetrieben ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Notfallschalter (10) im Fahrerraum angeordnet ist.Motor vehicle that has an arbitrarily actuated wheel brake system (22) and with an internal combustion engine (1) a device (9) according to claim 7 is driven, characterized in that the emergency switch (10) in Driver's compartment is arranged. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet durch eine optische oder akustische Signaleinrichtung (20), die bei Betätigung des Notfallschalters (10) ausgelöst wird.Motor vehicle according to claim 8, characterized by a optical or acoustic signaling device (20) which at Actuation of the emergency switch (10) is triggered. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Abbremsen der Brennkraftmaschine mit den Mitteln zur Betätigung der Radbremsanlage (22) gekoppelt ist. Motor vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that the device for braking the internal combustion engine with coupled to the means for actuating the wheel brake system (22) is. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Radbremseinrichtung (22) gleichzeitig mit der Betätigung des Notfallschalters (10) aktivierbar ist.Motor vehicle according to claim 10, characterized in that the wheel brake device (22) simultaneously with the Actuation of the emergency switch (10) can be activated. Verfahren zum Abbremsen eines Kraftfahrzeuges nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zeitpunkt, zu dem die vorzeitige Verbrennung ausgelöst wird, in Abhängigkeit von der Betätigung der Radbremsanlage veränderbar ist.Method for braking a motor vehicle according to Claim 10, characterized in that the point in time where the premature combustion is triggered in Dependence on the actuation of the wheel brake system is changeable. Verfahren zum Abbremsen eines Kraftfahrzeuges nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, das mit einem Antiblockiersystem (26) ausgestattet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zeitpunkt, zu dem die vorzeitige Verbrennung ausgelöst und/oder das Auslaßventil (7) geöffnet wird, in Abhängigkeit vom Ansprechen der Antiblockiervorrichtung veränderbar ist.Method for braking a motor vehicle according to a of claims 10 to 12, with an anti-lock braking system (26) is characterized in that the When the premature combustion is triggered and / or the outlet valve (7) is opened, depending is changeable by the response of the anti-lock device.
EP97102964A 1996-04-16 1997-02-24 Method for slowing down a 4 stroke internal combustion engine, in particular, when used for vehicle propulsion Expired - Lifetime EP0822321B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19614923A DE19614923C2 (en) 1996-04-16 1996-04-16 Motor vehicle with an additional braking device and method for emergency braking of such a motor vehicle
DE19614923 1996-04-16

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EP0822321A1 true EP0822321A1 (en) 1998-02-04
EP0822321B1 EP0822321B1 (en) 2002-09-18

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EP0822321B1 (en) 2002-09-18
DE19614923C2 (en) 1999-05-06
DE19614923A1 (en) 1997-10-23
DE59708241D1 (en) 2002-10-24

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