EP0819856B1 - Vacuum pump - Google Patents
Vacuum pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0819856B1 EP0819856B1 EP97105458A EP97105458A EP0819856B1 EP 0819856 B1 EP0819856 B1 EP 0819856B1 EP 97105458 A EP97105458 A EP 97105458A EP 97105458 A EP97105458 A EP 97105458A EP 0819856 B1 EP0819856 B1 EP 0819856B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vacuum pump
- pump
- section
- casing
- gas mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002681 cryosurgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/06—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by thermal means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
- F04D19/046—Combinations of two or more different types of pumps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum pump. More precisely the invention is concerned with a vacuum pump of the turbomolecular type comprising a so-called cryogenic trap.
- a vacuum pump substantially comprises a casing containing a number of gas pumping stages formed by rotor disks secured to the rotatable shaft of the pump, cooperating with stator rings attached to the pump casing.
- the casing is further provided with a gas inlet or suction port for sucking the gases to be pumped and an exhaust port for discharging the pumped gases.
- Vacuum levels in the order of 10 -8 Pa can be obtained by using a vacuum pump of the turbomolecular type.
- a turbomolecular vacuum pump is disclosed in EP-A-0 445 855 in the name of the present applicant.
- undesired vapors such as oil, water, carbon dioxide or solvents vapors can be included in the gas to be pumped through a vacuum pump.
- a selective pumping device is disposed upstream of the suction port of the vacuum pump, with the purpose of trapping one or more of the vapors such as oil, water and solvent vapors.
- cryopumps i.e. equipped with freeze-trapping devices in which the above mentioned gases are condensed upon reaching a temperature in the order of 150°K.
- US-A-4 926 648 discloses a turbomolecular pump comprising a heat exchanger located within the suction port of the gas to be pumped and upstream of the pumping stages of the turbomolecular pump.
- Such heat exchanger is connected with a refrigerator outside the turbomolecular pump, through a double pipe, i.e. a delivery and a return pipes, adapted to supply a very low temperature refrigerant fluid from the refrigerating device to the heat exchanger and viceversa.
- a double pipe i.e. a delivery and a return pipes
- the "cold” refrigerant from the refrigerator is supplied to the heat exchanger inside the pump and then, through the "warm” return pipe, the refrigerant fluid is returned to the refrigerator.
- US-A-5 062 271 and US-A-5 483 803 disclose a turbomolecular pump comprising a heat exchanger disposed inside the suction port of the gas to be pumped.
- Such heat exchanger is associated with a single-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle helium refrigerator located adjacent the suction port of the turbomolecular pump and connected to a separate compressor unit through a twofold (delivery and return) pipe.
- EP 061066 discloses a vacuum pump provided at the inlet thereof within the pump casing with a cold trap, said cold trap being connected to the cooling unit of a refrigerating system through a thermal conductor made of copper and housed in a holding case which forms an integral unit with the pump case.
- US-A-5 337 572 discloses a closed circuit refrigerator provided with a single stage rolling piston compressor for obtaining low temperatures in the range from 65°K to 150°K.
- US-A-5 337 572 permits to obtain very low temperatures on small surfaces and is particularly applicable in the field of cryosurgery instruments.
- the temperature to be reached on the cryopump surface is generally above 150°K.
- cryopump At temperature lower than 150°K the cryopump would trap other gases having a larger molecular weight than that of water vapor, and such gases should be removed from the turbomolecular pump, with a consequent quick exhaustion of the pumping capability of the cryopump.
- the purpose of the cryogenic pumping stage located upstream of the inlet port for sucking the gases into the turbomolecular pump is to remove only the water vapor, if present, from the pumped gas mixture, while the other gases are to be removed by the turbomolecular pump.
- the design of the condensing surface in a cryopump has to provide for a sufficiently large area for intercepting as much as possible of the water vapor present in the sucked gas mixture.
- Figure 1 illustrates a vacuum pump 1 of the turbomolecular type comprising a casing 2, an axial inlet or suction port 3 for the gas to be pumped, and a radial exhaust port 4 of the pumped gases.
- a plurality of pumping stages 10, 10a, formed by rotors 11, 11a secured to a rotatable shaft 13, and alternate stators 12, 12a are provided inside the casing 2 of the turbomolecular pump.
- the known turbomolecular pump shown in Figure 5 has a special design comprising one or more pumping stages 10a with a tangential flow, in addition to conventional pumping stages 10 with an axial flow.
- Each tangential flow stage 10a comprises a rotor 11a formed as a flat disk and associated with a coplanar annular stator 12a spaced from each other so as to form an annular free channel 14 therebetween, with the pumped gas flowing along a tangential path in the direction shown by the arrow E in Figure 5, corresponding to the counterclockwise direction of rotation of the shaft 13, indicated in Figure 5 by the arrow C.
- a baffle 15 closes the channel 14 between a suction opening 17 and an exhaust opening 18, provided in an upper closing plate 16 and in a lower closing plate 19, respectively.
- a flanged collar 20 is fastened upstream of the plurality of pumping stages 10, 10a and houses a heat exchanger 21.
- the flanged collar 20 and the casing 2 are axially aligned and can be formed as an integral component.
- the casing is divided into a first portion containing the pumping stages 10, 10a and a second portion containing the heat exchanger 21.
- the heat exchanger 21 is preferably formed by a thin wall cylindrical element that is substantially coaxial to the flanged collar 20, and laterally secured to the cold end 22 of a cryogenic assembly 30 that is part of a closed circuit refrigerating system.
- the cryogenic assembly 30 is preferably of the Joule-Thomson type, in which the temperature of a compressed gas that is allowed to expand decreases as a function of the energy absorbed to overcome the molecular coesion forces.
- said cryogenic assembly 30 is housed within a high vacuum casing 31 and comprises a (heat transfer) coil 32 in which a refrigerant flows, made up by a first high pressure inlet section 33, defining the condensing unit of such cryogenic assembly, a throttling portion 34, disposed downstream of said first section 33, at the outlet of which the gas mixture is quickly cooled by letting it to expand, an intermediate section 35 in contact with the cold end 22 of the cryogenic assembly 30, and a low pressure outlet section 36, defining the evaporating unit of such cryogenic assembly 30.
- a (heat transfer) coil 32 in which a refrigerant flows, made up by a first high pressure inlet section 33, defining the condensing unit of such cryogenic assembly, a throttling portion 34, disposed downstream of said first section 33, at the outlet of which the gas mixture is quickly cooled by letting it to expand, an intermediate section 35 in contact with the cold end 22 of the cryogenic assembly 30, and a low pressure outlet section 36,
- the casing 31 housing the cryogenic assembly 30 is partially located outside the flanged collar 20, and its cold end 22 is disposed within the flanged collar 20 and insulated by a high vacuum gasket fitted in the wall 25 of said flanged collar 20.
- cryogenic assembly 30 is connected to a compressor 39 of the refrigerating circuit illustrated with more details in Figure 2.
- the refrigerating circuit schematically illustrated in Figure 2 comprises a single stage compressor 39 including an oil lubricated rotating piston, to which a refrigerating mixture of gas and oil is fed through a low pressure pipe 38.
- the compression ratio attainable by the compressor 39 is preferably of 5:1 and the volumetric efficiency of said compressor is higher than 50%.
- Said low pressure refrigerating mixture of gas and oil is compressed to a high pressure by compressor 39 and then is delivered to the cryogenic assembly 30 through the high pressure pipe 37.
- an oil separator 40 embodied as a simple gas-liquid filter adapted to separate the oil from the high pressure refrigerating mixture and to return the oil to the low pressure pipe 38, through a return pipe 42.
- an air or water cooler 41 preferably downstream of the oil separator 40, for cooling the compressed gas mixture, after the heating thereof caused by compression in the compressor 39, and a dehydrator 43 for removing the condensate residuals from within the pipes.
- the compressed mixture that has been cooled in the cooler 41 is delivered to the cryogenic assembly 30 through the section of the high pressure 37 pipe that is located downstream of the cooler 41.
- both the pipes 37 and 38 are "warm” and do not require a thermal insulation whereby their length can be as long as desired.
- the axial extension of the cylinder wall forming the heat exchanger 21' is maximum at the proximal portion 23 at which the cold end 22 is secured, and minimum at the distal portion 24 diametrally opposed to the former.
- the axial extension of the wall linearly decreases from the securing portion 23 to the diametrally opposed portion 24.
- variable axial extension of the surface in the heat exchanger 21 is provided for compensating the temperature gradient that unavoidably is generated - because of the radiative heat - between the proximal portion 23 secured to the cold end 22 and the distal portion 24 of the heat exchanger 21, such gradient effecting the gas condensing capability.
- FIG. 4b there is illustrated a different embodiment of the cryogenic assembly in which the high pressure refrigerant delivery pipe 50 is disposed within the return pipe 51 of the refrigerant and coaxially thereto.
- the inner pipe 50 terminates with a throttling portion 52 in correspondence of the expansion chamber 53 terminating the outer return pipe 51.
- the high pressure delivery pipe 50 is in thermal contact relationship with the return flow of the expanded refrigerating gas mixture that is at a lower temperature and contributes to the cooling of the delivery pipe 50.
- the outer diameter of the assembly formed by the delivery and return coaxial pipes is about 1 cm, and its overall length is of a few meters.
- the tube is wound to form a coil with only the cold end 54 protruding from the flanged collar, and fitted upstream of the suction port of the vacuum pump, through a high vacuum gasket.
- the heat exchanger acting as a cryogenic pump only comprises the cold end 54 of the cryogenic assembly.
- FIG 3c illustrates a third embodiment of the heat exchanger in which the heat exchanger 61 is directly formed by two coaxial pipes, of the type illustrated in Figure 4b, helically wound and partially housed within the flanged collar 20'.
- a first section 66 of the coaxial pipes defining the heat exchanger 61 is helically wound around an axis substantially coincident with the pump rotation axis, and is operatively connected through an intermediated and shaped section 64 to a second section 62 of said coaxial pipes, helically wound around a substantially radial axis and sealingly housed in a high vacuum casing 63 that is externally secured to the flanged collar 20' and open towards the inside of the flanged collar 20' through a window 69 formed in the flanged collar 20'.
- the second helical section 62 protrudes from the casing 63 through a high vacuum gasket in the wall 65 of casing 63 and is connected to the delivery and return pipes 37 and 38 of the closed circuit cooling system described with reference to Figure 2, through the delivery and return pipe ends 67, 68, respectively, that constitute the inner and the outer pipes in the coaxial structure.
- This embodiment is shown in Figure 3c and is advantageous in that the helical pipe defining the heat exchanger 61 can be easily shaped in accordance with the inner geometry of the flanged collar 20' housing the heat exchanger.
- the casing 63 can be opened towards the inside of the flanged collar 20' since the vacuum created within the inside of the flanged collar 20' has sufficient thermal insulating capabilities.
- the mixture of gases used in the cooling circuit of the present invention comprises a combination of the following gases: nitrogen, methane, ethylene, propane and isobutane.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Positive Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Description
EP 061066 discloses a vacuum pump provided at the inlet thereof within the pump casing with a cold trap, said cold trap being connected to the cooling unit of a refrigerating system through a thermal conductor made of copper and housed in a holding case which forms an integral unit with the pump case.
Claims (12)
- A vacuum pump comprising:a substantially cylindrical casing in which a first portion (2) and a second portion (20) are defined;a plurality of gas pumping stages housed within said first casing portion (2) and formed by rotor disks (11, 11a) secured to a rotatable shaft (13) of the pump and stator rings (12, 12a) secured to said pump casing and cooperating with said rotor disks (11, 11a);a suction port (3) for sucking the gases to be pumped and an exhaust port (4) for discharging the pumped gases;a selective pumping stage of the cryogenic type located on the upstream side of said plurality of gas pumping stages;
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said refrigerating system comprises a Joule-Thomson cryogenic assembly (30) equipped with a heat transfer coil (32) for the flow of said refrigerant gas mixture, said coil (32) comprising a high pressure delivery section (33), defining the condensing unit of said cryogenic assembly (30), a throttling portion (34) downstream of said delivery section (33), at the outlet of which the gas mixture is quicly cooled through expansion, an intermediate section (35) in contact with the cold end (22) of said cryogenic assembly (30), and a low pressure return section (36), defining the evaporation unit of said cryogenic assembly (30).
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it provides a heat exchanger (21; 21') formed by a thin-wall cylindrical member secured to said cold end (22).
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the axial extension of the cylinder wall forming said heat exchanger (21') is maximum at the proximal portion (23) to which the cold end (22) is secured, and minimum at the distal portion (24) diametrally opposed in respect of the former, said axial extension linearly decreasing from said securing portion (23) to said diametrally opposed portion (24).
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said refrigerating system comprises two coaxial pipes, a first inner delivery pipe (50) and a second outer return pipe (51) of the refrigerant gas mixture, said inner delivery pipe (50) terminating with an expansion chamber (53) formed inside said second outer pipe (51), for expanding said refrigerant gas mixture.
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a first helically wound section (66) of said two coaxial pipes, located in said second casing portion (20), and operatively connected through an intermediated section (64) of said two coaxial pipes to a second helically wound section (62) of said coaxial pipes, located outside said second casing portion (20).
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that said first section (66) of coaxial pipes helically extends substantially around the pump rotation axis, and in that said second section (62) of said coaxial pipes extends substantially around a radial direction.
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said refrigerating system comprises a single stage rolling piston compressor (39).
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said refrigerant gas mixture comprises 0.36 of azoto, 0.20 of methane, 0.12 of ethylene, 0.20 of propane and 0.12 of isobutane.
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the compression ratio of said refrigerant mixture of said compressor (39) is 5:1 with a volumetric efficiency higher than 50%.
- A vacuum pump as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said second casing portion (20) comprises a flanged collar axially mounted to and aligned with said first casing portion (2).
- A vacuum pump as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said vacuum pump is a turbomolecular pump.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO960624 | 1996-07-18 | ||
IT96TO000624A IT1287016B1 (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1996-07-18 | VACUUM PUMP. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0819856A1 EP0819856A1 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
EP0819856B1 true EP0819856B1 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
Family
ID=11414799
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97105458A Expired - Lifetime EP0819856B1 (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1997-04-02 | Vacuum pump |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0819856B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69700064T2 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1287016B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10151176B4 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2008-02-28 | Renner, Bernt | Compressor system with at least one water-injected screw compressor for compressing gas |
DE10305038A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-19 | Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh | Vacuum pumping arrangement |
CN107524579A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-29 | 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 | A kind of cryogenic pump |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4926648A (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1990-05-22 | Toshiba Corp. | Turbomolecular pump and method of operating the same |
JP2538796B2 (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1996-10-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Vacuum exhaust device and vacuum exhaust method |
IT1241431B (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1994-01-17 | Varian Spa | PERFECTED TURBOMOLECULAR PUMP. |
DE69409555T2 (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1998-12-03 | Applied Materials Inc | Turbomolecular pump |
US5337572A (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1994-08-16 | Apd Cryogenics, Inc. | Cryogenic refrigerator with single stage compressor |
US5483803A (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 1996-01-16 | Helix Technology Corporation | High conductance water pump |
-
1996
- 1996-07-18 IT IT96TO000624A patent/IT1287016B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-04-02 DE DE69700064T patent/DE69700064T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-02 EP EP97105458A patent/EP0819856B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-02 DE DE0819856T patent/DE819856T1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0819856A1 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
IT1287016B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 |
DE69700064T2 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
DE819856T1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
DE69700064D1 (en) | 1999-01-14 |
ITTO960624A1 (en) | 1998-01-18 |
ITTO960624A0 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
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