EP0818550A1 - Corrosion resistant soft magnetic iron-nickel-chrome alloy - Google Patents
Corrosion resistant soft magnetic iron-nickel-chrome alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0818550A1 EP0818550A1 EP97109558A EP97109558A EP0818550A1 EP 0818550 A1 EP0818550 A1 EP 0818550A1 EP 97109558 A EP97109558 A EP 97109558A EP 97109558 A EP97109558 A EP 97109558A EP 0818550 A1 EP0818550 A1 EP 0818550A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- soft magnetic
- max
- magnetic iron
- resistant soft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a corrosion-resistant soft magnetic iron-nickel-chrome alloy, especially for relay parts.
- the standard DIN 17745 "Wrought alloys made of nickel and iron” mentions the alloys NiFe16CuCr (material no. 2.4511), NiFe16CuMo (2.4531) and NiFe15Mo (2.4551) as well as for the type RNi 2 the alloys NiFe16CuCr (material No. 2.4515), NiFe16CuMo (2.4535) and NiFe15Mo (2.4555).
- Table 2 shows an extract from the DIN 17745 standard.
- RNi 24, RNi 12 are in Table 1 and RNi 8 with 36 or about 50% by mass Ni.
- the latter differ from the high ones nickel-containing alloys in that they have less nickel included, are free from other essentials Alloy elements and in particular one according to Table 1 higher magnetic induction at a field strength of 4000 A / m, which corresponds to the saturation induction, have.
- Both the high nickel alloys also the second group of iron-nickel materials medium nickel contents are susceptible to corrosion due to air humidity, especially near the coast climate.
- the iron-nickel-chromium alloy according to the invention achieved Surprisingly, almost the standard values of the magnetic Properties of the relay material types RNi 5 and RNi 2. Considering the low nickel content were rather expected magnetic properties that those of Material types RNi 8, 12 and 24 according to Table 1 are similar. But this is not the case.
- the saturation flux density Bs the Fe-Ni-Cr alloy according to the invention is about 0.79 T.
- the coercive field strength Hc is lower at about 1.5 A / m than that in the DIN 17405 standard for the type of material RNi 2 required maximum limit of 2.5 A / m. This Values are by means of static magnetization measurements, performed on punched rings from 1 mm strip thickness have been determined.
- the Fe-Ni-Cr alloy according to the invention is under operating conditions in a 30 t electric arc furnace melted and after a block and hot strip rolling with further processing steps to tape the test thickness 1.0 mm cold rolled.
- test rings were subjected to an annealing treatment under a pure hydrogen atmosphere at 1100 ° C. for 6 hours. The cooling took place in the oven up to about 450 ° C., followed by cooling in air.
- the magnetic properties of the alloy E according to the invention are listed in Table 4 in comparison to the values of the materials RNi2 and RNi5, which describe the prior art.
- the Fe-Ni-Cr alloy according to the invention Due to the high chromium content, the Fe-Ni-Cr alloy according to the invention a better one Corrosion resistance on than the low nickel ones Fe-Ni alloys without chrome. It assigns one to the comparable high-nickel Fe-Ni alloys Resistance to.
- a major advantage of iron-nickel-chromium alloy according to the invention in Comparison to the high nickel soft magnetic Iron-nickel alloys are the much smaller ones Nickel content and thus a significant cost advantage comparable good magnetic properties.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine korrosionsbeständige weichmagnetische Eisen-Nickel-Chrom-Legierung, insbesondere für Relaisteile.The invention relates to a corrosion-resistant soft magnetic iron-nickel-chrome alloy, especially for relay parts.
Es ist bekannt, daß weichmagnetische Eisen-Nickel-Legierungen Anwendung als Kern- und Joch-Werkstoff für elektromagnetische Relais finden. Die Hauptanforderungen, die an Kern- und Joch-Werkstoffe für elektromagnetische Relais gestellt werden, sind eine hohe Permeabilität und eine schmale Hystereseschleife. Eine hohe Permeabilität und eine mit der schmalen Hystereseschleife einhergehende niedrige Koerzitivfeldstärke werden gefordert, weil eine kleine magnetische Feldstärke, d.h. ein geringer erregender Strom im Luftspalt eine hohe Flußdichte erzeugen soll, damit eine hohe Anziehungskraft auf den Anker ausgeübt wird. Außerdem ermöglicht eine niedrige Koerzitivfeldstärke ein leichtes Öffnen des Relais bei Unterbrechung des erregenden Stromes.It is known that soft magnetic iron-nickel alloys Application as core and yoke material for Find electromagnetic relays. The main requirements the core and yoke materials for electromagnetic Relays are high permeability and a narrow hysteresis loop. A high permeability and one accompanying the narrow hysteresis loop low coercivity is required because of a small magnetic field strength, i.e. a little exciting current in the air gap has a high flux density should generate so that a high attraction to the Anchor is exercised. It also allows a low Coercive field strength with an easy opening of the relay Interruption of the exciting current.
Den Stand der Technik für weichmagnetische Eisen-Nickel-Legierungen
als Kern- und Joch-Werkstoff für
elektromagnetische Relais gibt hinsichtlich der
magnetischen Eigenschaften die Tabelle 1 wieder, die der
Norm DIN 17405 "Weichmagnetische Werkstoffe für
Gleichstromrelais" bezüglich der Werkstoffgruppe der
Nickellegierungen entnommen sind.
Die Norm DIN 17745 "Knetlegierungen aus Nickel und Eisen"
nennt als Ausgangswerkstoffe für die Sorte RNi 5 die
Legierungen NiFe16CuCr (Werkstoff-Nr. 2.4511), NiFe16CuMo
(2.4531) und NiFe15Mo (2.4551) sowie für die Sorte RNi 2
die Legierungen NiFe16CuCr (Werkstoff-Nr. 2.4515),
NiFe16CuMo (2.4535) und NiFe15Mo (2.4555). Die Tabelle 2
stellt einen Auszug aus der Norm DIN 17745 dar.
Aus diesen Beschreibungen geht hervor, daß für die Eisen-Nickel-Relaiswerkstoff-Sorten RNi 5 und RNi 2, die eine Sättigungsflußdichte Bs von etwa 0,75 T aufweisen, hochnickelhaltige Legierungen mit Beimengungen von Mo und/oder Cu und Cr genannt werden. Hierbei ist zu beachten, daß im Fall der Legierung NiFe16CuCr der Chromgehalt nur bei Werten zwischen 1,5 und 2,5 Masse-% liegt. These descriptions show that for the iron-nickel relay material grades RNi 5 and RNi 2, the one Have saturation flux density Bs of about 0.75 T, high nickel alloys with additions of Mo and / or Cu and Cr can be mentioned. Here is too note that in the case of NiFe16CuCr alloy, the chromium content is only between 1.5 and 2.5 mass%.
Daneben sind in Tabelle 1 noch die Sorten RNi 24, RNi 12 und RNi 8 mit 36 bzw. etwa 50 Masse-% Ni genannt.In addition, the varieties RNi 24, RNi 12 are in Table 1 and RNi 8 with 36 or about 50% by mass Ni.
Die letzteren unterscheiden sich von den hoch nickelhaltigen Legierungen darin, daß sie weniger Nickel enthalten, frei sind von wesentlichen weiteren Legierungselementen und gemäß Tabelle 1 insbesondere eine höhere magnetische Induktion bei einer Feldstärke von 4000 A/m, welche der Sättigungsinduktion entspricht, besitzen. Sowohl die hochnickelhaltigen Legierungen als auch die zweite Gruppe der Eisen-Nickel-Werkstoffe mit mittlerem Nickelgehalt sind anfällig gegen Korrosion durch Luftfeuchtigkeit, insbesondere in küstennahem Klima.The latter differ from the high ones nickel-containing alloys in that they have less nickel included, are free from other essentials Alloy elements and in particular one according to Table 1 higher magnetic induction at a field strength of 4000 A / m, which corresponds to the saturation induction, have. Both the high nickel alloys also the second group of iron-nickel materials medium nickel contents are susceptible to corrosion due to air humidity, especially near the coast Climate.
Es war deshalb die Aufgabe gestellt, eine neue weichmagnetische Eisen-Nickel-Legierung zu finden, welche die sehr niedrige Koerzitivfeldstärke und die Sättigungsinduktion der hoch nickelhaltigen Legierungen verbindet mit gleichzeitig guter Korrosionsbeständigkeit, insbesondere gegenüber Luftfeuchtigkeit.It was therefore the task of a new one to find soft magnetic iron-nickel alloy the very low coercive force and the Saturation induction of the high nickel alloys combines with good corrosion resistance, especially against humidity.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit einer
Legierung bestehend aus (Angabe in Masse-%):
Die erfindungsgemäße Eisen-Nickel-Chrom-Legierung erzielt überraschenderweise nahezu die Normwerte der magnetischen Eigenschaften der Relaiswerkstoffsorten RNi 5 und RNi 2. In Anbetracht des niedrigen Nickelgehalts waren eher magnetische Eigenschaften zu erwarten, welche denen der Werkstoffsorten RNi 8, 12 und 24 gemäß Tabelle 1 ähneln. Dem ist aber nicht so. Die Sättigungsflußdichte Bs der erfindungsgemäßen Fe-Ni-Cr-Legierung beträgt etwa 0,79 T. Die Koerzitivfeldstärke Hc ist mit etwa 1,5 A/m niedriger als der in der Norm DIN 17405 für die Werkstoffsorte RNi 2 geforderte maximale Grenzwert von 2,5 A/m. Diese Werte sind mittels statischen Magnetisierungsmessungen, die an gestanzten Ringen aus 1 mm Banddicken durchgeführt wurden, bestimmt worden.The iron-nickel-chromium alloy according to the invention achieved Surprisingly, almost the standard values of the magnetic Properties of the relay material types RNi 5 and RNi 2. Considering the low nickel content were rather expected magnetic properties that those of Material types RNi 8, 12 and 24 according to Table 1 are similar. But this is not the case. The saturation flux density Bs the Fe-Ni-Cr alloy according to the invention is about 0.79 T. The coercive field strength Hc is lower at about 1.5 A / m than that in the DIN 17405 standard for the type of material RNi 2 required maximum limit of 2.5 A / m. This Values are by means of static magnetization measurements, performed on punched rings from 1 mm strip thickness have been determined.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fe-Ni-Cr-Legierung ist unter betrieblichen Bedingungen in einem 30 t Lichtbogenofen erschmolzen und nach einer Block- und Warmbandwalzung mit weiteren Verarbeitungsschritten zu Band der Prüfdicke 1,0 mm kaltgewalzt worden.The Fe-Ni-Cr alloy according to the invention is under operating conditions in a 30 t electric arc furnace melted and after a block and hot strip rolling with further processing steps to tape the test thickness 1.0 mm cold rolled.
Die Testringe waren vor der Messung der magnetischen
Eigenschaften einer Glühbehandlung unter reiner
Wasserstoffatmosphäre 6h lang bei 1100 °C unterzogen
worden. Die Abkühlung erfolgte bis etwa 450 °C im Ofen
mit einer darauf folgenden Abkühlung an Luft. Die
magnetischen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen
Legierung E, deren chemische Zusammensetzung Tabelle 3
enthält, sind in der Tabelle 4 aufgeführt im Vergleich zu
den Werten der Werkstoffen RNi2 und RNi5, die den Stand
der Technik beschreiben.
Aufgrund des hohen Chromgehalts weist die erfindungsgemäße Fe-Ni-Cr-Legierung eine bessere Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf als die niedrignickelhaltigen Fe-Ni-Legierungen ohne Chrom. Sie weist eine zu den hochnickelhaltigen Fe-Ni-Legierungen vergleichbare Beständigkeit auf. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Eisen-Nickel-Chrom-Legierung im Vergleich zu den hochnickelhaltigen weichmagnetischen Eisen-Nickel-Legierungen ist der wesentlich geringere Nickelgehalt und damit ein deutlicher Kostenvorteil bei vergleichbaren guten magnetischen Eigenschaften.Due to the high chromium content, the Fe-Ni-Cr alloy according to the invention a better one Corrosion resistance on than the low nickel ones Fe-Ni alloys without chrome. It assigns one to the comparable high-nickel Fe-Ni alloys Resistance to. A major advantage of iron-nickel-chromium alloy according to the invention in Comparison to the high nickel soft magnetic Iron-nickel alloys are the much smaller ones Nickel content and thus a significant cost advantage comparable good magnetic properties.
Claims (2)
gekennzeichnet durch (in Masse-%)
characterized by (in mass%)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19628139 | 1996-07-12 | ||
| DE1996128139 DE19628139C1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1996-07-12 | Use of a corrosion-resistant soft magnetic iron-nickel-chrome alloy for yokes and armatures of electromagnetic relays |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0818550A1 true EP0818550A1 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
Family
ID=7799656
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97109558A Withdrawn EP0818550A1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1997-06-12 | Corrosion resistant soft magnetic iron-nickel-chrome alloy |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0818550A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH1081941A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR980009496A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19628139C1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2468755A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-22 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | Low hysteresis sensor |
| EP2662582A1 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-13 | Technymon S.R.L. | Manufacturing process of a multi-layer sliding bearing and multi-layer sliding bearing |
| CN114318172A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of iron-nickel alloy with ultra-high soft magnetic properties and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19930969A1 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-04-20 | Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg | Solenoid valve |
| DE102009020564B4 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2020-10-08 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Instantaneous water heater with a radiator and a relay for disconnecting the radiator from a power supply network and a method therefor |
| KR102697208B1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2024-08-22 | 한국전력공사 | Hard stuck ice and snow-preventing device |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03191041A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-08-21 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Fe-ni-cr series soft magnetic alloy |
| JPH03277746A (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1991-12-09 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Soft magnetic alloy showing good magnetic property by vacuum magnetic annealing |
| JPH03277718A (en) * | 1990-03-27 | 1991-12-09 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Production of ni-fe-cr soft-magnetic alloy |
| EP0508148A2 (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-10-14 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Soft magnetic alloy material |
| US5158624A (en) * | 1989-09-04 | 1992-10-27 | Nisshin Steel Company Ltd. | Soft-magnetic nickel-iron-chromium alloy |
| JPH04337051A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-25 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Ni-cr-fe soft-magnetic alloy excellent in blankability |
| JPH04337052A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-25 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Ni-fe alloy and ni-cr-fe alloy excellent in blankability |
| JPH04358045A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-12-11 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Ni-cr-fe soft magnetic alloy |
| JPH06122947A (en) * | 1992-10-12 | 1994-05-06 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Soft magnetic alloy for high-frequency |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5338695B2 (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1978-10-17 |
-
1996
- 1996-07-12 DE DE1996128139 patent/DE19628139C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-12 EP EP97109558A patent/EP0818550A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-10 KR KR1019970032038A patent/KR980009496A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-10 JP JP9185511A patent/JPH1081941A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5158624A (en) * | 1989-09-04 | 1992-10-27 | Nisshin Steel Company Ltd. | Soft-magnetic nickel-iron-chromium alloy |
| JPH03191041A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-08-21 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Fe-ni-cr series soft magnetic alloy |
| JPH03277718A (en) * | 1990-03-27 | 1991-12-09 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Production of ni-fe-cr soft-magnetic alloy |
| JPH03277746A (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1991-12-09 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Soft magnetic alloy showing good magnetic property by vacuum magnetic annealing |
| EP0508148A2 (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-10-14 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Soft magnetic alloy material |
| JPH04337051A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-25 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Ni-cr-fe soft-magnetic alloy excellent in blankability |
| JPH04337052A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-25 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Ni-fe alloy and ni-cr-fe alloy excellent in blankability |
| JPH04358045A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-12-11 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Ni-cr-fe soft magnetic alloy |
| JPH06122947A (en) * | 1992-10-12 | 1994-05-06 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Soft magnetic alloy for high-frequency |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 15, no. 445 (C - 0884) 13 November 1991 (1991-11-13) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 16, no. 98 (C - 0918) 11 March 1992 (1992-03-11) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 17, no. 180 (C - 1046) 8 April 1993 (1993-04-08) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 17, no. 221 (C - 1054) 7 May 1993 (1993-05-07) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 415 (C - 1233) 4 August 1994 (1994-08-04) * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2468755A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-22 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | Low hysteresis sensor |
| GB2468755B (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2011-06-22 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | A sensor |
| US8405391B2 (en) | 2009-03-13 | 2013-03-26 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Low hysteresis sensor |
| EP2662582A1 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-13 | Technymon S.R.L. | Manufacturing process of a multi-layer sliding bearing and multi-layer sliding bearing |
| CN114318172A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of iron-nickel alloy with ultra-high soft magnetic properties and preparation method thereof |
| CN114318172B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-11-18 | 西南科技大学 | Iron-nickel alloy with ultrahigh soft magnetic performance and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR980009496A (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| DE19628139C1 (en) | 1997-11-20 |
| JPH1081941A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
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