EP0392204A2 - Use of a microcrystalline iron-based alloy as a magnetic material for a fault current-protective switch - Google Patents

Use of a microcrystalline iron-based alloy as a magnetic material for a fault current-protective switch Download PDF

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EP0392204A2
EP0392204A2 EP90104798A EP90104798A EP0392204A2 EP 0392204 A2 EP0392204 A2 EP 0392204A2 EP 90104798 A EP90104798 A EP 90104798A EP 90104798 A EP90104798 A EP 90104798A EP 0392204 A2 EP0392204 A2 EP 0392204A2
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magnetic core
magnetic
iron
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based alloy
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0392204B1 (en
EP0392204A3 (en
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Hans-Reiner Dr. Hilzinger
Christian Dr. Radeloff
Giselher Dr. Herzer
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15308—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Fe/Ni
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by unbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by unbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a fine crystalline iron base alloy as a magnetic core material for residual current circuit breakers.

Abstract

In magnetic core materials for fault current protective switches, a high constancy of the magnetic properties is required over the entire application temperature range from -25 DEG C to +80 DEG C. In the case of the known magnetic core materials with a high nickel content of the permalloy type, this requires a special additional anneal. This can be dispensed with if the magnetic core material used is an iron-based alloy with an iron content of more than 60 atomic %, more than 50% of whose structure consists of fine crystalline grains having a grain size of less than 100 nm and which has a saturation induction of more than 1.1 T and also a remanence ratio of less than 0.7. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer feinkristal­linen Eisen-Basislegierung als Magnetkernwerkstoff für Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter.The invention relates to the use of a fine crystalline iron base alloy as a magnetic core material for residual current circuit breakers.

Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter (FI-Schalter) finden seit vielen Jahren Anwendung für den Personen- und Maschinen­schutz. Wesentlicher Bestandteil der FI-Schalter ist ein weichmagnetischer Kern, der als Differenzstromwandler wirkt. Der Auslösestrom für FI-Schalter für den Maschinenschutz liegt im Bereich von etwa 300 bis 500 mA. Bei FI-Schaltern für den Personenschutz liegt der Auslöse­strom dagegen nur bei 30 mA. In der Veröffentlichung von Hilzinger und Boll "Weichmagnetische kristalline und amorphe Metalle", Elektronik, Heft 22, 1987, sind die Anforderungen an die Magnetkerne und die hierfür verwen­deten Werkstoffe dargestellt. Die Magnetkernwerkstoffe müssen neben der hohen maximalen Permeabilität bzw. ausreichenden Induktion bei kleinen Feldstärken insbeson­dere eine geringe Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften über den gesamten Einsatzbereich aufweisen. Für 30mA-FI-Schalter werden im wesentlichen kristalline Nickel-Eisen-Legierungen mit ca. 77 % Nickel (Permalloy-­Typ) eingesetzt. Die Sättigung dieser Werkstoffe beträgt etwa 0,8 T. Um die geforderte geringe Temperaturabhängig­keit der magnetischen Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe zu erreichen, ist bei den Permalloy-Legierungen jedoch eine zusätzliche, aufwendige Glühbehandlung erforderlich. Hierdurch wird die Herstellung von Magnetkernen für FI-Schalter aufwendig und verteuert. Das Erfordernis der Glühbehandlung wird in der Veröffentlichung von Pfeifer und Boll in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. MAG-5, Nr. 3, Sept. 1969, Seiten 365 bis 370, näher erörtert.Residual current circuit breakers (FI switches) have been used for the protection of people and machines for many years. An essential component of the RCDs is a soft magnetic core that acts as a residual current transformer. The tripping current for RCDs for machine protection is in the range of approximately 300 to 500 mA. In the case of RCDs for personal protection, however, the tripping current is only 30 mA. In the publication by Hilzinger and Boll "Soft Magnetic Crystalline and Amorphous Metals", Electronics, Issue 22, 1987, the requirements for the magnetic cores and the materials used for this are presented. In addition to the high maximum permeability or sufficient induction with small field strengths, the magnetic core materials must in particular have a low temperature dependence of the magnetic properties over the entire area of use. Essentially crystalline nickel-iron alloys with approx. 77% nickel (permalloy type) are used for 30 mA FI switches. The saturation of these materials is about 0.8 T. However, in order to achieve the required low temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of the materials, an additional, complex annealing treatment is required for the Permalloy alloys. This makes the manufacture of magnetic cores for RCDs complex and expensive. The requirement of Annealing treatment is discussed in more detail in the publication by Pfeifer and Boll in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. MAG-5, No. 3, Sept. 1969, pages 365 to 370.

Neben kristallinen Werkstoffen wurden auch bereits amorphe Werkstoffe für FI-Schalter vorgeschlagen. Wegen der gefor­derten geringen Magnetisierungsfeldstärke kommen für 30 mA-FI-Schalter nur kobaltreiche Legierungen in Frage, deren Sättigung im Bereich von 0,55 bis 0,7 T liegt. Wie in der bereits genannten Veröffentlichung von Boll und Hilzinger dargelegt, ergeben sich bei Verwendung der amor­phen Werkstoffe jedoch Probleme bei hohen Anforderungen bezüglich der Temperaturabhängigkeit.In addition to crystalline materials, amorphous materials for RCDs have also been proposed. Because of the required low magnetization field strength, only cobalt-rich alloys are suitable for 30 mA RCCBs whose saturation is in the range of 0.55 to 0.7 T. As explained in the previously mentioned publication by Boll and Hilzinger, however, problems arise with the use of the amorphous materials with high requirements with regard to the temperature dependence.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Magnetkern-Werkstoff für FI-Schalter anzugeben, der neben einer hohen Sätti­gungsinduktion eine geringe Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a magnetic core material for RCCBs which, in addition to a high saturation induction, has a low temperature dependence of the magnetic properties.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Verwendung einer Eisen-­Basislegierung mit einem Fe-Gehalt von mehr als 60 Atom-%, deren Gefüge zu mehr als 50 % aus feinkristallinen Körnern mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 100 nm besteht und die eine Sättigungsinduktion von mehr als 1,1 T sowie ein Remanenzverhältnis Br/BS von weniger als 0,7 aufweist. Br bezeichnet hierbei die Remanenz und BS die Sättigungsinduktion.The object is achieved by using an iron-based alloy with an Fe content of more than 60 atom%, the structure of which consists of more than 50% of fine-crystalline grains with a grain size of less than 100 nm and which has a saturation induction of more than 1.1 T and a remanence ratio B r / B S of less than 0.7. B r denotes the remanence and B S the saturation induction.

Solche feinkristallinen Eisen-Basislegierungen sind aus der EP-OS 271 657 bekannt. Es handelt sich hierbei insbe­sondere um Legierungen, die neben Eisen im wesentlichen 0,1 bis 3 Atom-% Kupfer, 0,1 bis 30 Atom-% eines weiteren Metalls, wie Nb, W, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti und Mo, bis zu 30 Atom-% Si und bis zu 25 Atom-% B aufweisen, wobei der Gesamtgehalt an B und Si im Bereich von 5 bis 30 Atom-% liegt. Das Eisen kann teilweise durch Kobalt und/oder Nickel ersetzt sein. Diese Materialien werden aufgrund ihrer guten magnetischen Hochfrequenz-Eigenschaften für die Anwendung in Hochfrequenz-Transformatoren, Drosseln und Magnetköpfen vorgeschlagen. Aus der EP-OS 299 498 ist ein Magnetkern aus einer feinkristallinen Eisen-Basis­legierung bekannt, der nur geringe zeitabhängige Ände­rungen der Permeabilität aufweist. Für die dort genannten Anwendungen der Magnetkerne in Drosseln, Filtern und Hoch­frequenz-Transformatoren werden Magnetkerne mit einem Remanenzverhältnis von 0,3 und weniger bzw. von 0,7 und mehr eingesetzt. Weiterhin ist aus einer Veröffentlichung von Yoshizawa, Yamauchi, Yamane und Sugihara, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 64, Heft 10, 1988, Seiten 6047 bis 6049, ein Magnetkern aus einer feinkristallinen Eisen-­Basislegierung zur Verwendung in einer Drosselspule bekannt. In dieser Veröffentlichung finden sich auch Meßwerte über die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Sättigungs­induktion und der Permeabilität für Temperaturen oberhalb des Gefrierpunktes.Such fine-crystalline iron base alloys are known from EP-OS 271 657. These are in particular alloys which, in addition to iron, contain essentially 0.1 to 3 atom% of copper, 0.1 to 30 atom% of a further metal, such as Nb, W, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti and Mo, have up to 30 atomic% Si and up to 25 atomic% B, the total content of B and Si being in the range from 5 to 30 atomic%. The iron can be partially replaced by cobalt and / or nickel. These materials are due their good magnetic high-frequency properties have been proposed for use in high-frequency transformers, chokes and magnetic heads. From EP-OS 299 498 a magnetic core made of a finely crystalline iron-based alloy is known, which has only slight changes in permeability over time. Magnetic cores with a remanence ratio of 0.3 and less or of 0.7 and more are used for the applications of the magnetic cores in chokes, filters and high-frequency transformers mentioned there. Furthermore, from a publication by Yoshizawa, Yamauchi, Yamane and Sugihara, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 64, Issue 10, 1988, pages 6047 to 6049, a magnetic core made of a fine-crystalline iron-based alloy for use in a choke coil is known. This publication also contains measurements of the temperature dependence of the saturation induction and the permeability for temperatures above freezing.

Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß feinkristal­line Eisen-Basislegierungen auch bei Temperaturen unter­halb des Gefrierpunktes bis zu der für die Anwendung in Fehlerstrom-Schutzschaltern interessanten Temperatur von -25 °C eine extrem geringe Abhängigkeit der magne­tischen Eigenschaften von der Temperatur aufweisen. Eine geringe Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigen­schaften oberhalb des Gefrierpunktes ist für eine Anwen­dung als Magnetkernwerkstoff in Fehlerstrom-Schutzschal­tern nicht ausreichend und zudem - wie von den bisher für Fehlerstromschutz-Schalter eingesetzten Materialien bekannt ist (vgl. Fig. 4) - kein Indiz für eine geringe Temperaturabhängigkeit bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes. Wie bereits in der Veröffentlichung von Pfeifer und Boll dargelegt, zeigen auch Nickel-Eisen-­Legierungen nach dem Stand der Technik bei höheren Temperaturen einen geringeren, bei niedrigeren Tempera­turen dagegen einen starken Abfall der Permeabilität.Surprisingly, it has now been found that fine-crystalline iron-based alloys have an extremely low dependence of the magnetic properties on the temperature, even at temperatures below freezing point down to the temperature of -25 ° C. which is of interest for use in residual current circuit breakers. A low temperature dependence of the magnetic properties above freezing point is not sufficient for use as a magnetic core material in residual current circuit breakers and, moreover, as is known from the materials previously used for residual current circuit breakers (see FIG. 4), there is no indication of a low temperature dependency at temperatures below freezing. As already explained in the publication by Pfeifer and Boll, nickel-iron alloys according to the prior art also show a lower permeability at higher temperatures, but a strong decrease at lower temperatures.

Die erfindungsgemäßen feinkristallinen Magnetkerne für FI-Schalter weisen sehr gute weichmagnetische Eigen­schaften sowie eine geringe Temperaturabhängigkeit dieser Eigenschaften auf. Dies gilt insbesondere für Magnetkerne mit einer runden Hystereseschleife, d. h. mit einem Remanenzverhältnis von 0,4 und mehr sowie weniger als 0,7. Die Legierungen sind in der Herstellung kostengünstiger, da eine zusätzliche spezielle Glühbehandlung zur Erzielung der geringen Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften nicht erforderlich ist. Die Ringkerne zeigen eine sehr gute Stabilität sowohl gegen Pulsaussteuerung als auch gegen kleine überlagerte Gleichfelder.The fine-crystalline magnetic cores for RCCBs according to the invention have very good soft magnetic properties and a low temperature dependence of these properties. This is especially true for magnetic cores with a round hysteresis loop, i.e. H. with a remanence ratio of 0.4 and more and less than 0.7. The alloys are less expensive to manufacture, since an additional special annealing treatment to achieve the low temperature dependence of the magnetic properties is not necessary. The toroidal cores show a very good stability against pulse control as well as against small superimposed DC fields.

Anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele und der Figuren soll die Erfindung nun näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 die Abhängigkeit der Induktion von der Feldstärke für einen erfindungsgemäßen Magnetkern mit runder Hystereseschleife
  • Fig. 2 die Abhängigkeit der Induktion B̂ (50 Hz), des statischen und dynamischen Induktionshubes von der Feldstärke
  • Fig. 3 die Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften eines erfindungsgemäßen Magnetkerns mit runder Hystereseschleife
  • Fig. 4 die Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften eines Kerns nach dem Stand der Technik
  • Fig. 5 die Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften eines erfindungsgemäßen Kerns mit flacher Hystereseschleife.
The invention will now be explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments and the figures. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows the dependence of the induction on the field strength for a magnetic core according to the invention with a round hysteresis loop
  • Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the induction B̂ (50 Hz), the static and dynamic induction stroke on the field strength
  • Fig. 3 shows the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of a magnetic core according to the invention with a round hysteresis loop
  • Fig. 4 shows the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of a core according to the prior art
  • 5 shows the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of a core according to the invention with a flat hysteresis loop.

AusführungsbeispieleEmbodiments

Es wurden sowohl Ringbandkerne mit flacher als auch mit runder Hystereseschleife hergestellt. Für die Verwendung in 30 mA FI-Schaltern erwiesen sich insbesondere Materia­lien mit einem Remanenzverhältnis im Bereich von 0,4 bis 0,7 als vorteilhaft. Die feinkristallinen Bänder wurden durch Kristallisieren eines ursprünglich amorphen Bandes unter Verwendung eines einzigen Wärmebehandlungsschrittes und einer anschließenden Abkühlung mit einer Abkühl­geschwindigkeit von mehr als 0,4 K/min hergestellt.Both toroidal tape cores with a flat and a round hysteresis loop were produced. In particular, materials with a remanence ratio in the range from 0.4 to 0.7 have proven to be advantageous for use in 30 mA RCDs. The fine crystalline ribbons were produced by crystallizing an originally amorphous ribbon using a single heat treatment step and then cooling at a cooling rate of more than 0.4 K / min.

Die Herstellungsverfahren der feinkristallinen Bänder sind prinzipiell aus den bereits genannten europäischen Offen­legungsschriften bekannt. Die Korngröße der feinkristal­linen Körner war in allen Ausführungsbeispielen stets kleiner als 25 nm. Die Magnetkerne der Ausführungs­beispiele wiesen neben einem Eisengehalt von 73,5 Atom-% weiterhin 1 Atom-% Kupfer, 3 Atom-% Niob, 13,5 Atom-% Silizium und 9 Atom-% Bor auf. Die fertigen Ringbandkerne hatten die Abmessungen Ø0̸ 19 x Ø 15 x 5 mm. An den Ringbandkernen wurden jeweils die Hystereseschleifen und die Magnetisierungskurven von B̂ sowie dem statischen In­duktionshub ΔBstat und dem dynamischen Induktions­hub ΔBdyn bei sinusförmigem, einweg- und zweiweg­gleichgerichtetem Strom bei Raumtemperatur gemessen. Außerdem wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit des statischen und dynamischen Induktionshubes sowie der Permeabilität µ₄ bei 50 Hz bestimmt.The production processes for the fine-crystalline strips are known in principle from the European published documents already mentioned. The grain size of the fine-crystalline grains was always smaller than 25 nm in all of the exemplary embodiments. In addition to an iron content of 73.5 atom%, the magnetic cores of the exemplary embodiments also had 1 atom% copper, 3 atom% niobium, 13.5 atom% silicon and 9 atomic percent boron. The finished toroidal cores had the dimensions Ø0̸ 19 x Ø 15 x 5 mm. The hysteresis loops and the magnetization curves of B̂ as well as the static induction stroke ΔB stat and the dynamic induction stroke ΔB dyn with sinusoidal, one-way and two-way rectified current at room temperature were measured on the toroidal cores. In addition, the temperature dependence of the static and dynamic induction stroke and the permeability µ₄ at 50 Hz was determined.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Diejenigen Magnetkerne, bei denen die Wärmebehandlung ohne Magnetfeld durchgeführt wurde, wiesen ein Remanenz­verhältnis von 0,65 auf (runde Hystereseschleife). In Fig. 1 ist die quasistatische Hystereseschleife dieser Magnetkerne dargestellt. Fig. 2 zeigt den Zusammenhang zwischen B̂, ΔBstat, ΔBdyn und der Magnet­ feldstärke. Die Induktion B̂ der erfindungsgemäßen Magnet­kerne mit runder Hystereseschleife erreicht bereits bei einer Feldstärke von 10 mA/cm einen Wert von 0,5 T und liegt damit oberhalb der Werte von Magnetwerkstoffen für FI-Schalter nach dem Stand der Technik. Die erfindungs­gemäßen Kerne weisen zudem hohe Werte für den statischen und dynamischen Induktionshub auf. In Fig. 3 ist die Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Magnetkerne dargestellt. Sie weisen eine sehr hohe Konstanz mit geringen Schwankungen über den gesamten für die praktische Anwendung interessierenden Temperaturbereich von -25 °C bis + 80 °C auf.Those magnetic cores in which the heat treatment was carried out without a magnetic field had a remanence ratio of 0.65 (round hysteresis loop). 1 shows the quasi-static hysteresis loop of these magnetic cores. Fig. 2 shows the relationship between B̂, ΔB stat , ΔB dyn and the magnet field strength. The induction B̂ of the magnetic cores according to the invention with a round hysteresis loop already reaches a value of 0.5 T at a field strength of 10 mA / cm and is therefore above the values of magnetic materials for RCDs according to the prior art. The cores according to the invention also have high values for the static and dynamic induction stroke. 3 shows the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of the magnetic cores according to the invention. They have a very high constancy with little fluctuations over the entire temperature range of -25 ° C to + 80 ° C that is of interest for practical use.

Zum Vergleich ist in Fig. 4 die Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetischen Eigenschaften für eine Legierung nach dem Stand der Technik dargestellt. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine hochnickelhaltige Legierung, die unter der Bezeich­nung ULTRAPERM F 80 für Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter ver­trieben wird. Auch diese Legierung weist für Temperaturen oberhalb des Gefrierpunktes eine recht gute Konstanz der Magnetwerte auf. Für Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrier­punktes zeigen sich hier jedoch starke Änderungen.For comparison, the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties for an alloy according to the prior art is shown in FIG. 4. It is a high nickel alloy that is sold under the name ULTRAPERM F 80 for residual current circuit breakers. This alloy also has a very good constancy of the magnetic values for temperatures above freezing point. However, there are significant changes here for temperatures below freezing.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

An Magnetkernen, bei denen die Wärmebehandlung in einem magnetischen Querfeld durchgeführt wurde, wurde ein Remanenzverhältnis von 0,1 (flache Schleife) gemessen. Sie wiesen ebenfalls eine gute Konstanz der magnetischen Eigenschaften bei Temperaturänderungen auf, wie aus Fig. 5 ersichtlich ist. Die Änderungen waren jedoch größer als bei den Kernen mit runder Hystereseschleife.A remanence ratio of 0.1 (flat loop) was measured on magnetic cores in which the heat treatment was carried out in a transverse magnetic field. They also had good constancy of the magnetic properties with temperature changes, as can be seen from FIG. 5. However, the changes were larger than for the round hysteresis loop cores.

Claims (4)

1. Verwendung einer Eisen-Basislegierung mit einem Eisen­gehalt von mehr als 60 Atom-%, deren Gefüge zu mehr als 50 % aus feinkristallinen Körnern mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 100 nm besteht und die eine Sättigungsinduk­tion von mehr als 1,1 T sowie ein Remanenzverhältnis Br/BS von weniger als 0,7 aufweist, als Magnetkernwerkstoff für Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter.1. Use of an iron-based alloy with an iron content of more than 60 atom%, the structure of which consists of more than 50% of fine-crystalline grains with a grain size of less than 100 nm and which has a saturation induction of more than 1.1 T and a Remanence ratio B r / B S of less than 0.7, as a magnetic core material for residual current circuit breakers. 2. Magnetkernwerkstoff für Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter nach Patentanspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein Remanenz­verhältnis von 0,4 und mehr.2. Magnetic core material for residual current circuit breakers according to claim 1, characterized by a remanence ratio of 0.4 and more. 3. Magnetkernwerkstoff für Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter nach Patentanspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine temperatur­abhängige Änderung des Induktionshubes beim Arbeitspunkt von weniger als +/- 10 % im Temperaturbereich von -25 °C bis +80 °C gegenüber Raumtemperatur.3. Magnetic core material for residual current circuit breakers according to claim 1, characterized by a temperature-dependent change in the induction stroke at the operating point of less than +/- 10% in the temperature range from -25 ° C to +80 ° C compared to room temperature. 4. Magnetkernwerkstoff für Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalter nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die fein­kristallinen Körner eine Korngröße von weniger als 25 nm aufweisen.4. Magnetic core material for residual current circuit breakers according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine crystalline grains have a grain size of less than 25 nm.
EP90104798A 1989-04-08 1990-03-14 Use of a microcrystalline iron-based alloy as a magnetic material for a fault current-protective switch Expired - Lifetime EP0392204B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3911480 1989-04-08
DE3911480A DE3911480A1 (en) 1989-04-08 1989-04-08 USE OF A FINE CRYSTALLINE IRON BASE ALLOY AS A MAGNETIC MATERIAL FOR FAULT CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKERS

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EP0392204A2 true EP0392204A2 (en) 1990-10-17
EP0392204A3 EP0392204A3 (en) 1992-04-08
EP0392204B1 EP0392204B1 (en) 1996-11-06

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JP (1) JP2563097B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE145089T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3911480A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2094125T3 (en)

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EP0575639A1 (en) * 1992-06-16 1993-12-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ground fault circuit interrupter
EP0635922A1 (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-01-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fault current acquiring device having high sensitivity
EP0691662A1 (en) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-10 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Differential transformer for electronic protection device
WO1996009639A1 (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Differential current protective switch with special core material
EP0797282A2 (en) * 1996-03-18 1997-09-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ground fault circuit interrupter with energy storage circuit
DE19702371A1 (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-30 Siemens Ag Residual current device
EP0921541A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-09 Mecagis Fabrication process of a soft nanocrystalline magnetic core for use in a differentiel circuit breaker
EP0921540A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-09 Mecagis Fabrication process of a magnetic core of a soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloy and use in a differential circuit breaker
EP1154539A1 (en) * 2000-05-10 2001-11-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fault current breaker with summation transformer
EP1710812A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-10-11 Magnetec GmbH Fault-current circuit breaker and magnetic core for a fault-current circuit breaker
US7964043B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2011-06-21 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing nanocrystalline magnet cores, and device for carrying out said method
WO2012069967A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-31 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Soft-magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components
US8344830B2 (en) 2007-07-24 2013-01-01 Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnet core; method for its production and residual current device
US8699190B2 (en) 2010-11-23 2014-04-15 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Soft magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components
US10892090B2 (en) 2010-08-06 2021-01-12 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnet core for low-frequency applications and method for producing a magnet core for low-frequency applications

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DE4210748C1 (en) * 1992-04-01 1993-12-16 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Current transformers for pulse current sensitive residual current circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers with such a current transformer, and method for heat treatment of the iron alloy strip for its magnetic core
FR2733374B1 (en) * 1995-04-18 1997-06-06 Schneider Electric Sa DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION DEVICE SENSITIVE TO PULSED CURRENTS
JP5886024B2 (en) 2011-12-19 2016-03-16 株式会社東芝 Magnetic resonance imaging system
DE102015211487B4 (en) 2015-06-22 2018-09-20 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg METHOD FOR PRODUCING A NANOCRYSTALLINE MAGNETIC CORE

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EP0635922A1 (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-01-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fault current acquiring device having high sensitivity
EP0691662A1 (en) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-10 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Differential transformer for electronic protection device
WO1996009639A1 (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Differential current protective switch with special core material
EP0797282A2 (en) * 1996-03-18 1997-09-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ground fault circuit interrupter with energy storage circuit
EP0797282A3 (en) * 1996-03-18 1998-06-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ground fault circuit interrupter with energy storage circuit
DE19702371A1 (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-30 Siemens Ag Residual current device
EP0921540A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-09 Mecagis Fabrication process of a magnetic core of a soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloy and use in a differential circuit breaker
EP0921541A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-09 Mecagis Fabrication process of a soft nanocrystalline magnetic core for use in a differentiel circuit breaker
FR2772182A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-11 Mecagis METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A NANOCRYSTALLINE SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOY MAGNETIC CORE AND USE IN AN AC CLASS DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2772181A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-11 Mecagis METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A NANOCRYSTALLINE SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOY MAGNETIC CORE FOR USE IN A CLASS A DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT BREAKER AND MAGNETIC CORE OBTAINED
EP1154539A1 (en) * 2000-05-10 2001-11-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fault current breaker with summation transformer
US7964043B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2011-06-21 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing nanocrystalline magnet cores, and device for carrying out said method
EP1710812A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-10-11 Magnetec GmbH Fault-current circuit breaker and magnetic core for a fault-current circuit breaker
US8344830B2 (en) 2007-07-24 2013-01-01 Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnet core; method for its production and residual current device
US10892090B2 (en) 2010-08-06 2021-01-12 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnet core for low-frequency applications and method for producing a magnet core for low-frequency applications
WO2012069967A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-31 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Soft-magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components
US8699190B2 (en) 2010-11-23 2014-04-15 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Soft magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components

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EP0392204B1 (en) 1996-11-06
ES2094125T3 (en) 1997-01-16
EP0392204A3 (en) 1992-04-08
DE59010553D1 (en) 1996-12-12
ATE145089T1 (en) 1996-11-15
DE3911480A1 (en) 1990-10-11
JP2563097B2 (en) 1996-12-11
JPH03201412A (en) 1991-09-03

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