EP0817875B2 - Vorrichtung und gerät für die herstellung von vliesen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und gerät für die herstellung von vliesen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0817875B2
EP0817875B2 EP96907457A EP96907457A EP0817875B2 EP 0817875 B2 EP0817875 B2 EP 0817875B2 EP 96907457 A EP96907457 A EP 96907457A EP 96907457 A EP96907457 A EP 96907457A EP 0817875 B2 EP0817875 B2 EP 0817875B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
web
nonwoven
suction
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96907457A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0817875B1 (de
EP0817875A1 (de
Inventor
Werner Lasenga
Wolfram Dudek
Wilhelm Borgert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spinnbau GmbH
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Spinnbau GmbH
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Application filed by Spinnbau GmbH filed Critical Spinnbau GmbH
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0817875B1 publication Critical patent/EP0817875B1/de
Publication of EP0817875B2 publication Critical patent/EP0817875B2/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G25/00—Lap-forming devices not integral with machines specified above

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 for the production of nonwovens using at least one carding machine designed for high production speeds of the fiber webs, from which a nonwoven is mechanically transferred to a conveyor belt, and a method for the production of nonwovens according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • FR-A-2545507 and DE-A-3832858 relate to an apparatus for the production of nonwovens comprising a plurality of carding rollers from which the fibers are thrown into an air stream The dispersed fibers are carried by the air stream onto a condensing means which is built by an air-permeable belt which is subjected to suction from below.
  • This apparatus produces an airlaid nonwoven web.
  • the conveyor belts is air-permeable, and that, at the transition region between the carding machines and the conveyor belt, an underground suction force is applied using a suction means arranged at the conveyor belts.
  • the suction is set to be just sufficient to remove the air film generated between the nonwoven and the conveyor belt at high transport speeds while, on the other hand, the nonwoven will not be sucked too firmly against the conveyor belt. Due to the removal of the air film, no disturbances of the appearance of the nonwoven will occur, not even at speeds of the nonwoven above 150 to 200 m/min.
  • the speed of the nonwoven can be as high as 400 m/min. or more.
  • the solution according to the invention offers the considerable advantage invention that the nonwoven is subjected to a relatively small draft. This is favorable especially in case of high speeds of the nonwoven because already a relatively small percentage draft can result in high absolute draft values, which can cause disturbances of the structure of the nonwoven.
  • a take-off roller transfers a doubled non-woven onto the conveyor belt.
  • a doubled nonwoven has better cohesion and thus is better suited for high speeds. Because a doubled nonwoven is transferred to the conveyor belt by a sole roller, the number of transition regions is reduced. Further, doubling the nonwoven within the carding machine provides the advantage that no further intermediate conveyor belts are required, so that the overall expenditure for machinery can be reduced.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is particularly useful for the processing of staple fibers, i. e. polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene fibers.
  • the suction means exerts the suction effect on the conveyor belt in sections.
  • selected portions of the conveyor belt are sucked at different intensities, depending on their current position and their distance from the transition region between the carding machine and the conveyor belt. This is facilitated also because, after the generation of an air film at the transition region between the carding machines and the conveyor belt has been prevented, only a relatively small suction force is required from then on.
  • suction boxes are arranged below the conveyor belt, extending, on the one hand, over the desired width of the nonwoven and, on the other hand, at least over part of the conveyor belt in the longitudinal direction. Limiting the suction to the desired width of the nonwoven offers the advantage that a sharp, linear end edge of the nonwoven will be generated, without any control or guide means being required on the upper side of the conveyor belt.
  • the conveyor belts can have a structured surface on the side facing towards the nonwoven.
  • the vacuum generated by the suction means can be controllable in a variable manner. Thus, it is possible to adapt the underground suction to the current production speed and/or the type of the fibers being processed, or to other process parameters.
  • the carding machine used comprises a main cylinder, at least two web-forming rollers engaging the main cylinder and each taking off a respective fiber web from the main cylinder, a doffing means arranged downstream of the web-forming rollers, and a take-off means from which the nonwoven is transferred to the conveyor belt.
  • a common roller arranged upstream of the take-off means, the at least two fiber webs taken off the main cylinder by the web-forming rollers, are doubled into a nonwoven which is laid as a formed web onto the conveyor belt.
  • a carding machine of the above type makes it possible to perform doubling and simultaneous crosslinking of the fiber webs already within the carding machine after the web-forming rollers and before the take-off means.
  • a further advantage resides in that, behind the doffing roller, only a sole take-off means and a sole conveyor belt are required.
  • a sole doffing roller is arranged in engagement with two web-forming rollers, that the doffing roller takes over a respective fiber web from each of the two web-forming rollers and doubles the fiber webs. Doubling is carried out immediately behind the web-forming rollers so that only one doffing roller is required.
  • the apparatus for the production of nonwovens 1 comprises two carding machines 2 with a respective feed means 3, the carding machines 2 laying the respective generated nonwoven 1 onto a common conveyor belt 4.
  • the conveyor belt 4 is provided as an endless belt and is permeable to air to be subjected to a suction force from below.
  • Behind the second carding machine 2 the repeatedly doubled nonwoven 1 is running into a following processing unit 14, e.g. a thermobonding means.
  • the apparatus for the production of nonwovens 1 can be provided with one carding machine 2 only or with more than two carding machines 2.
  • the carding machines used can be high-speed carding machines with production speeds above 150 m/min., preferably above 200 m/min.
  • the first carding machine 2 in the running direction of conveyor belt 4 will lay a first nonwoven 1 onto the conveyor belt 4, notably in the transition region 6 between the carding machine 2 and the conveyor belt 4.
  • a suction means 8, consisting of a plurality of suction boxes 10 distributed along the length of conveyor belt 4, is provided to subject the transition region 6 to a suction force by means of a first suction box 10.
  • This underground suction at the transition region 6 precludes the formation of any air film between the nonwoven 1 and the conveyor belt 4, which air film, in case of high production speeds, would at least disturbe the uniform appearance of nonwoven 1 or even cause complete destruction of nonwoven 1.
  • the suction box 10 located at transition region 6 can be provided with a partition wall 11 so that the suction force acting on conveyor belt 4 is increased in the transition region 6.
  • This partition wall 11 can also be arranged to be pivoted and/or displaced in suction box 10, so that the vacuum force and the area exposed to suction can be variably controlled in an easy manner.
  • the transition region 6 can be provided with a separate suction box 10.
  • the position of partition wall 11 shown in Fig. 3 will automatically cause a weaker suction force acting on conveyor belt 4 behind transition region 6.
  • Another possibility for adjustment in the transition region 6 resides in shifting a slider, extending in parallel to conveyor belt 4 and being adjustable in running direction, for variably setting the sucked area under the conveyor belt.
  • the suction capacity of the suction boxes 10 can be variably controlled in dependence on the production speed and the type of fibers. Control can be carried out by a central processing unit. In each case, the suction is set such that the generation of an air film is prevented particularly in the transition regions 6, without sucking the nonwoven 1 onto the - if required, structured - surface of the conveyor belt 4 at an excessive force.
  • the second carding machine 2 in the running direction of conveyor belt 4 will produce a second non-woven 1 which, at the second transition region 6 in the running direction of the belt, is laid onto the first nonwoven 1 produced by the first carding machine 2, thus doubling the nonwoven 1.
  • the suction box 10 arranged at this second transition region 6 can be operated at a higher vacuum for compensating the pressure loss due to the first nonwoven 1.
  • formation of an air film between the first and the second nonwovens and a resultant possible disturbance are precluded.
  • the carding machine used is of the type described in DE 43 44 226 A.
  • the carding machine schematically shown in Fig. 1 comprises a main cylinder 20 arranged in engagement with two randomizing rollers 22 which in tum engage a doffing roller 24 and will double respectively two fiber webs 50,52 on doffing roller 24.
  • the doubled fiber web will then be transferred from doffing roller 24 to two condensing rollers 26 and, from these, to two successive take-off rollers 28.
  • the nonwoven 1 is laid onto conveyor belt 4 at transition region 6.
  • it is essential that the doubled nonwoven 1 is transferred onto conveyor belt 4 by a sole take-off roller 29.
  • Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a non-woven carding machine provided with an intake means 30 consisting of an intake trough 32 and an intake roller 34.
  • the subsequent licker-in device 36 comprises a licker-in roller 38 and a licker-in tambour 40.
  • the licker-in tambour 40 is provided with two worker and stripper pairs 42.
  • This arrangement is followed by a transfer roller 44 for transferring the supplied fiber web 46 to main cylinder 20.
  • Main cylinder 20 is provided with six worker and stripper pairs 48. Behind the worker and stripper pairs when viewed in the direction of rotation, two web-forming randomizing rollers 22,23 engage main cylinder 20 successively in the direction of rotation, each of them taking off one fiber web 50,52 from main cylinder 20.
  • a sole doffing roller 24 takes over both fiber webs 50,52 from the randomizing rollers 22,23 and doubles the webs so that a doubled fiber web 54 is transferred to the subsequent condensing means 26,27 and the take-off means 28,29 arranged behind condensing means 26,27. From take-off means 28,29, the doubled fiber web 54 reaches conveyor belt 4 in the form of a nonwoven 1.
  • the randomizing rollers 22,23 are combined with only one doffing roller 24
  • the randomizing rollers can be arranged in close proximity to each other, thus leaving enough space on the periphery of main cylinder 20 for an additional worker and stripper pair 48.
  • Such an additional worker and stripper pair 48 increases the carding performance.
  • the web-forming rollers 22,23 preferably provided as randomizing rollers, can have different rotational speeds or different diameters whereby the properties of the to-be-doubled fiber webs 50,52 can be influenced.
  • the main cylinder 20 is preferably larger than the web-forming rollers 22,23.
  • the doffing roller 24 has a larger diameter than the web-forming rollers 22,23.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Anlage zur Herstellung von Vliesbahnen (1) mit mindestens einer Kardiermaschine (2) und mit mindestens einem Transportband (4) für den Transport der Vliesbahn (1), die mittels einer Abnahmewalze (29) der Kardiermaschine (2) zu dem Transportband (4) bewegt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das Transportband (4) luftdurchlässig ist, und dass die Übergangsstellen (6) zwischen der Abnahmewalze (29) und dem Transportband (4) einer Unterflurabsaugung ausgesetzt werden, die mittels einer Absaugeinrichtung (8) mit mindestens einem Absaugkasten (10) erzeugt wird, der an dem Transportband (4) angeordnet ist und derart eingestellt ist, dass er einen Luftfilm entfernt, welcher zwischen den Vliesbahnen (1) und dem Transportband (4) mit Transportgeschwindigkeiten über 150 bis 200 m/min, erzeugt wird, und dadurch, dass die auf das Transportband (4) einwirkende Saugkraft der Absaugeinrichtung (8) über die gesamte Länge des Transportbandes (4) abschnittsweise aufgebracht wird.
  2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Übergangsstelle (6) die Abnahmewalze (29) eine dublierte Vliesbahn (1) auf das Transportband (4) überträgt.
  3. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unter dem Transportband (4) mehrere Absaugkästen (10) angeordnet sind, die sich über die gewünschte Breite der Vliesbahn (1) und zumindest über einen Teil des Transportbandes (4) in Längsrichtung erstrecken.
  4. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Transportband (4) zu einer Thermobonding-Vorrichtung (14) führt und dass das gesamte Transportband (4) zwischen der Übergangsstelle (6) und der Thermobonding-Vorrichtung (14) einer Saugkraft ausgesetzt wird.
  5. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Transportband (4) zur Haftungserhöhung auf der der Vliesbahn (1) zugewandten Seite eine strukturierte Fläche aufweist.
  6. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der durch die Absaugeinrichtung (8) erzeugte Unterdruck abschnittsweise variabel steuerbar ist.
  7. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kardiermaschine (2) einen Hauptzylinder (20), mindestens zwei mit dem Hauptzylinder (20) im Eingriff befindliche florbildende Walzen (22,23), die je einen Faserflor (50,52) von dem Hauptzylinder (20) abnehmen, eine den florbildenden Walzen (22,23) nachgeschaltete Doffereinrichtung (24) und eine Abnahmeeinrichtung (28) aufweist, und dass mittels einer gemeinsamen Walze (24) vor der Abnahmeeinrichtung (28) die mindestens zwei mittels der florbildenden Walzen (22,23) von dem Hauptzylinder (20) übernommenen Faserflore (50,52) zu einer Vliesbahn (1) dubliert werden.
  8. Anlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei mit dem Hauptzylinder (20) im Eingriff befindliche und mit diesem gleichsinnig rotierende, voneinander unabhängige florbildende Walzen (22,23) je einen Faserflor (50,52) von dem Hauptzylinder (20) abnehmen, und dass eine einzige Dofferwalze (24) der Doffereinrichtung, die mit beiden florbildenden Walzen (22,23) im Eingriff ist, von jeder der beiden florbildenden Walzen (22,23) je einen Faserflor (50,52) übernimmt und die Faserflore (50,52) zu einer Vliesbahn (1) dubliert.
  9. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Kardiermaschinen (2) jeweils eine Vliesbahn (1) auf dem gemeinsamen Transportband (4) ablegen.
  10. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vliesbahnen (1) bei hohen Arbeitsgeschwindigkeiten unter Verwendung von mindestens einer Kardiermaschine (2) sowie mindestens eines Transportbands (4), wobei die Vliesbahn (1) mittels einer Abnahmewalze (28) auf das Transportband (4) übertragen wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass ein luftdurchlässiges Transportband (4) verwendet wird, und dass an den Übergangsstellen (6) zwischen der Abnahmewalze (28) und dem Transportband (4) zur Entfernung eines sich bei hohen Transportgeschwindigkeiten über 150 bis 200 m/min, zwischen Vliesbahn (1) und Transportband (4) bildenden Luftfilms ein Unterdruck an der Unterseite des Transportbandes (4) angelegt wird, wobei die auf das Transportband (4) einwirkende Saugkraft der Absaugeinrichtung (8) über die gesamte Länge des Transportbandes (4) abschnittsweise aufgebracht wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine dublierte Vliesbahn (1) von einer einzigen Walze (29) auf das Transportband (4) übertragen wird.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Unterdruck mit zunehmendem Abstand von der Übergangsstelle (6) unterschiedlich einstellbar ist.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung einer Kardiermaschine (2), bei der in einer Florbildungsstufe zwei Faserflore (50,52) mit zwei voneinander unabhängigen florbildenden Walzen (22,23) von dem Hauptzylinder (20) der Kardiermaschine (2) abgenommen werden und auf einer gemeinsamen Walze (24) in oder unmittelbar nach einer Dofferstufe zu einer dublierten Vliesbahn (1) zusammengeführt werden.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die von den florbildenden Walzen (22,23) übergebenen Faserflore (50,52) auf einer für beide Walzen (22,23) gemeinsamen Dofferwalze (24) dubliert werden.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Vliesbahnen (1) von mehreren Kardiermaschinen (2) auf dem gemeinsamen Transportband (4) dubliert werden.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vliesbahn (1) auf dem Transportband (4) zu einer Thermobonding-Vorrichtung (14) transportiert wird und dass die Vliesbahn (1) auf ihrem gesamten Weg auf dem Transportband (4) zu der Thermobonding-Vorrichtung einer Saugkraft ausgesetzt wird.
EP96907457A 1995-03-31 1996-03-14 Vorrichtung und gerät für die herstellung von vliesen Expired - Lifetime EP0817875B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1995111904 DE19511904B4 (de) 1995-03-31 1995-03-31 Anlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vliesbahnen
DE19511904 1995-03-31
PCT/EP1996/001077 WO1996030571A1 (en) 1995-03-31 1996-03-14 Apparatus and device for the production of nonwovens

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0817875A1 EP0817875A1 (de) 1998-01-14
EP0817875B1 EP0817875B1 (de) 2000-07-05
EP0817875B2 true EP0817875B2 (de) 2006-08-16

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ID=7758306

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EP96907457A Expired - Lifetime EP0817875B2 (de) 1995-03-31 1996-03-14 Vorrichtung und gerät für die herstellung von vliesen

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EP (1) EP0817875B2 (de)
DE (2) DE19511904B4 (de)
WO (1) WO1996030571A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1295973B1 (de) * 2001-09-25 2005-12-07 Spinnbau GmbH Anlage und Verfahren zum Transportieren von textilen Flächengebilden
DE50308225D1 (de) 2003-07-29 2007-10-31 Spinnbau Gmbh Vlieskrempel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faservlieses
FR2879628B1 (fr) 2004-12-16 2007-03-09 Thibeau Soc Par Actions Simpli Procede et dispositif de transport d'un non-tisse, et leur application au transport d'un non-tisse carde ou d'un non-tisse produit par voie aeraulique
DE102010034777A1 (de) 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Hubert Hergeth Vlieslegemaschine und Verfahren zum Legen eines Vlieses
DE102010034776A1 (de) * 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Hubert Hergeth Vertikalvliesmaschine
DE102012110975A1 (de) 2012-06-19 2013-12-19 Trützschler GmbH + Co KG Textilmaschinenfabrik Anlage und Verfahren zum Transport von textilen Flächengebilden
US20140155855A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Adjustable Pant-Like Disposable Undergarment With Attachment Assembly Concealing A Line Of Weakness And Method Of Manufacture
DE102015014301A1 (de) 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 Hubert Hergeth Saugsammelband
WO2019200294A1 (en) 2018-04-13 2019-10-17 Amtex Innovations Llc Stitchbonded, washable nonwoven towels and method for making
US11884899B2 (en) 2018-06-01 2024-01-30 Amtex Innovations Llc Methods of laundering stitchbonded nonwoven towels using a soil release polymer
US10822578B2 (en) 2018-06-01 2020-11-03 Amtex Innovations Llc Methods of washing stitchbonded nonwoven towels using a soil release polymer

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT324894B (de) † 1973-07-30 1975-09-25 Fehrer Ernst Vorrichtung zum herstellen von faservliesen
US4865798A (en) † 1987-05-25 1989-09-12 Carl Schenck Ag Process and apparatus for producing a fiber web
EP0484812A1 (de) † 1990-11-06 1992-05-13 FA-MA JERSEY S.p.A. Vorrichtung für die Bildung eines mehrschichtigen Vlieses aus zufallsorientierten Fasern sowie ein mit dieser Vorrichtung angefertigtes Vlies
FR2692915A1 (fr) † 1992-06-26 1993-12-31 Fehrer Ernst Dispositif pour fabriquer un matelas de fibres.
EP0704561A1 (de) † 1994-09-30 1996-04-03 A. Thibeau Et Cie (S.A.) Vorrichtung zur Abnahme und zum Transportieren mit hoher Geschwindigkeit eines Faservlieses am Ende einer Karde

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US4130915A (en) * 1977-09-19 1978-12-26 Scott Paper Company Carding operation for forming a fibrous structure
DE2830367C2 (de) * 1978-07-11 1985-03-28 Hergeth KG Maschinenfabrik und Apparatebau, 4408 Dülmen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Wirrfaservlieses aus Spinngut, z.B. Wolle, Baumwolle, Chemiefasern u.dgl., mittels eines Krempelvorganges
DE3413629C2 (de) * 1983-05-05 1986-05-07 Ernst Dr. Linz Fehrer Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Faservliesen
AT388396B (de) * 1988-01-18 1989-06-12 Fehrer Ernst Vorrichtung zum herstellen eines faservlieses
DE8808971U1 (de) * 1988-07-13 1989-11-09 Hergeth Hollingsworth GmbH, 4408 Dülmen Vorrichtung zum Zusammenführen von Vliesen oder Floren aus Fasern, insbesondere Textilfasern
DE4128592A1 (de) * 1991-08-28 1993-03-04 Baehre & Greten Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen herstellen eines vlieses aus faserteilchen sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JPH06116853A (ja) * 1992-10-05 1994-04-26 Kurashiki Seni Kako Kk クロスウェブの製造方法
JP3109630B2 (ja) * 1992-11-06 2000-11-20 チッソ株式会社 不織布の製造方法
DE4344226A1 (de) * 1993-12-23 1995-06-29 Hollingsworth Gmbh Vlieskrempel, sowie Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT324894B (de) † 1973-07-30 1975-09-25 Fehrer Ernst Vorrichtung zum herstellen von faservliesen
US4865798A (en) † 1987-05-25 1989-09-12 Carl Schenck Ag Process and apparatus for producing a fiber web
EP0484812A1 (de) † 1990-11-06 1992-05-13 FA-MA JERSEY S.p.A. Vorrichtung für die Bildung eines mehrschichtigen Vlieses aus zufallsorientierten Fasern sowie ein mit dieser Vorrichtung angefertigtes Vlies
FR2692915A1 (fr) † 1992-06-26 1993-12-31 Fehrer Ernst Dispositif pour fabriquer un matelas de fibres.
EP0704561A1 (de) † 1994-09-30 1996-04-03 A. Thibeau Et Cie (S.A.) Vorrichtung zur Abnahme und zum Transportieren mit hoher Geschwindigkeit eines Faservlieses am Ende einer Karde

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69609171T2 (de) 2001-03-08
WO1996030571A1 (en) 1996-10-03
EP0817875B1 (de) 2000-07-05
DE69609171D1 (de) 2000-08-10
DE69609171T3 (de) 2007-03-08
EP0817875A1 (de) 1998-01-14
DE19511904B4 (de) 2006-07-20
DE19511904A1 (de) 1996-10-10
DE69609171T8 (de) 2007-09-13

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