EP0816277B1 - Method of and device for making random cross-wound bobbins - Google Patents

Method of and device for making random cross-wound bobbins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0816277B1
EP0816277B1 EP97108839A EP97108839A EP0816277B1 EP 0816277 B1 EP0816277 B1 EP 0816277B1 EP 97108839 A EP97108839 A EP 97108839A EP 97108839 A EP97108839 A EP 97108839A EP 0816277 B1 EP0816277 B1 EP 0816277B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bobbin
cross
yarn
application
winding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97108839A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0816277A3 (en
EP0816277A2 (en
Inventor
Ferdinand-Josef Hermanns
Urs Prof. Dr. Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
W Schlafhorst AG and Co
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Publication date
Application filed by W Schlafhorst AG and Co filed Critical W Schlafhorst AG and Co
Publication of EP0816277A2 publication Critical patent/EP0816277A2/en
Publication of EP0816277A3 publication Critical patent/EP0816277A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
    • B65H54/02—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers
    • B65H54/38—Arrangements for preventing ribbon winding ; Arrangements for preventing irregular edge forming, e.g. edge raising or yarn falling from the edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H63/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2515/00—Physical entities not provided for in groups B65H2511/00 or B65H2513/00
    • B65H2515/12—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2557/00—Means for control not provided for in groups B65H2551/00 - B65H2555/00
    • B65H2557/20—Calculating means; Controlling methods
    • B65H2557/24—Calculating methods; Mathematic models
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Manufacture of bobbins in a wild winding using a Winding device which has a friction roller driving a cheese contains and the means for continuous recording and evaluating the angular speeds of the friction roller and has a bobbin, by means of a yarn application an initially empty bobbin tube during a winding trip Cheese is formed.
  • a method and a device of the type mentioned at the beginning are known for example from DE 42 39 579 A1. There are the detected angular velocities of friction roller and cheese are evaluated to identify so-called image zones and trigger image disturbance methods to image wrap prevent or diminish.
  • EP 0 291 712 A which corresponds to the preamble of claims 1 and 6, is a method known, which makes it possible to on the coil density on the to close the respective quality standard of the package.
  • the Invention based on the object, a method of type mentioned in such a way that a statement about the quality of the cheese produced can and possibly already during the winding process Interventions in the winding process can be made to improve the quality.
  • This object is achieved in that the angular velocities be evaluated in such a way that the actual values the size of the yarn application per revolution of the package or per unit of time continuously during a winding process be determined.
  • the yarn order which is the yarn order per revolution the bobbin or as a yarn order per unit of time is an essential parameter for the quality of the cheese, since it gives a particular statement about the Winding density of the package can be obtained. Is the yarn order largely uniform and constant during a winding cycle, so this is a statement about the winding density since then the winding density is largely uniform.
  • a cheese with uniform winding density during further processing Advantages for example in dyeing and in particular when unwinding. It should be noted here that despite a compensation of the contact force with which the cheese lies on the friction roller during the winding process, and despite a thread tension control to a constant Value still get relatively high density fluctuations especially in areas of image zones. Due to the Information about the course of the yarn application also in the area The image zones can also be based on the quality of the close the applied image interference method.
  • the actual values of the yarn order as a curve during the winding trip recorded over time or over the coil diameter become. This can happen, for example, in that this Curve is printed parallel to the winding process. It is also possible to save this curve and print it out later or to display on a monitor to the quality to judge a package.
  • the actual values of the size of the yarn order in at least one Area of an image zone continuously compared with target values and adjusted to these setpoints.
  • the string (10) runs via an adjustable and / or adjustable thread tensioner (16) to a thread guide eyelet (17) and then to Reverse thread (15) of the friction roller (14).
  • the cheese (13) is held by means of bobbins (18), which engage in the coil sleeve (12) and with the coil sleeve (12) and thus rotate with the cheese (13).
  • the coil plate (18) are rotatable in a coil frame (19) stored that the cheese (13) with a predetermined bearing force rests on the friction roller (14).
  • a control and / or regulating device belongs to the winding device (20).
  • the control and / or regulating device (20) gives the speed of a drive motor (21) of the friction roller (14) before. This happens, for example, via a Inverter (22) on the trained as an asynchronous motor Drive motor (21) is connected.
  • the tax- and / or control device (20) also acts only schematically illustrated, adjustable thread tensioner (16), so that the thread tension is adjusted and in particular to a constant Value is adjusted with which the thread (10) the cheese (13) is wound up.
  • the coil frame (19) is shown only schematically Device (23) provided with the tracking force is adjustable with which the cheese (13) on the friction roller (14) rests.
  • the device (23) can work autonomously, i.e. automatically over the coil diameter for one ensure at least approximately constant tracking force.
  • the device (23) of the control and / or Control device (20) is set, for example a constant tracking force is set.
  • a bobbin (18) and the shaft (26) of the friction roller (14) are assigned to angle encoders (24, 25) which are connected to the Control and / or regulating device (20) are connected.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that an immediate Indications of the winding density of the yarn application per turn the cheese (13) or the yarn application per unit of time. Takes on the size of the yarn order at constant winding conditions, this corresponds to immediately an increase in the winding density. Conversely, an increase in the yarn application per turn or Time of winding density decrease.
  • the course of the Actual values of the size of the yarn application via a winding trip, i.e. winding a yarn (or thread) onto an initially empty bobbin tube (12) until a finished package is produced (13) is therefore an important parameter for a package.
  • the present invention therefore provides a method and a device available through which the course of the Actual values of the yarn application continuously during the winding process is determined.
  • the yarn application ( ⁇ ) then corresponds to half the change in diameter after one turn. However, this calculation does not a usable result since the yarn application ( ⁇ ) per coil revolution in relation to the coil diameter is extremely low. Due to the noise of the measured values the yarn application ( ⁇ ) cannot be determined in this way.
  • FIG. 3 Since the method and the device according to the invention can be used in the same way for cylindrical cross-wound bobbins (13) and for conical cross-wound bobbins (13 '), a conical cross-wound bobbin (13') is shown in FIG. 3 in connection with a friction roller (14) indicated.
  • the angle transmitters (24, 25) deliver the angular velocity ( ⁇ sp ) of the cheese (13) and the angular velocity ( ⁇ FW ) of the friction roller (14).
  • the diameter (d sp ) is calculated in an evaluation device (27) according to equation (1). In the case of a conical cheese, this is the driven diameter.
  • the number of revolutions is counted in a revolution counter (28) on the basis of the angular velocity ( ⁇ sp ) of the cheese (13).
  • the values of the revolution counter (28) and the evaluation device (27) are input into the mathematical filter (29), for example a Kalman filter, which has been developed from equation (2a).
  • This filter provides the actual values ( ⁇ i ) for the yarn application.
  • the filter also supplies the coil diameter (d 0 ) according to the last calculation.
  • the diameter (d sp ) is calculated according to equation (2a), the value of the revolution counter (28) also being entered.
  • the values (d sp ) and ( ⁇ i ) obtained in the above manner can be evaluated in several directions.
  • the measured diameter (d sp ) can be compared in a comparison device (31) with a maximum value (d spmax ) which, if d sp corresponds to d spmax, outputs a signal for ending the winding process of the cheese bobbin (13) which has just been produced.
  • the values (d sp ) and ( ⁇ i ) are further fed to a device (32) for recording, for example a memory in which the course of the yarn application ( ⁇ ) over the diameter (d sp ) of the cheese (13) is recorded. If required, the values recorded in the memory (32) can be forwarded to a printer (33) and printed out there. They can also be forwarded to a screen (34) and displayed there.
  • a device (32) for recording for example a memory in which the course of the yarn application ( ⁇ ) over the diameter (d sp ) of the cheese (13) is recorded.
  • the values recorded in the memory (32) can be forwarded to a printer (33) and printed out there. They can also be forwarded to a screen (34) and displayed there.
  • the actual value ( ⁇ i ) of the yarn application can also be forwarded to a comparison device (35) which compares the actual value ( ⁇ i ) with a target value ( ⁇ soll ). If the actual value ( ⁇ i ) falls below the target value ( ⁇ soll ), this is a sign that the cheese (13) is being wound with too high a winding density.
  • the comparison device (35) can trigger an engagement signal which acts on the thread tensioner (16) and / or the inverter (22) of the drive motor (21) in order to partially open the thread tensioner (16) and / or reduce the speed of the drive motor (22) to reduce the thread tension.
  • the signal from the comparison device (35) can be supplied to the device (23) simultaneously or alternatively in order to reduce the contact force of the cheese (13) on the friction roller (14) and thus also to reduce the winding density again.
  • the desired value ( ⁇ desired) may precede given or determined during the winding process, in particular in the area outside of image zones in which the Garnsmoked ( ⁇ ) is relatively constant. Since an intervention in the winding process is required in most cases only in the area of image zones, and only in image zones with larger bobbin diameters, the comparison device (35) expediently only operates in the area of such image zones. For this purpose it is possible to evaluate the signals of the rotary angle sensors (24, 25) in order to recognize the area of an image zone, as is known for example from DE 42 39 579 A1.
  • ⁇ (t) is the angle of rotation of the cheese as a function of time. If this equation is derived according to time, the result is
  • the derivative (t) is the angular velocity ⁇ (t) of the cheese (13), so that applies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Winding Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Filamentary Materials, Packages, And Safety Devices Therefor (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Kreuzspulen in wilder Wicklung mittels einer Spulvorrichtung, die eine eine Kreuzspule antreibende Friktionswalze enthält und die Mittel zum fortlaufenden Erfassen und Auswerten der Winkelgeschwindigkeiten von Friktionswalze und Kreuzspule aufweist, wobei mittels eines Garnauftrags auf eine zunächst leere Spulenhülse während einer Spulreise eine Kreuzspule gebildet wird.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Manufacture of bobbins in a wild winding using a Winding device which has a friction roller driving a cheese contains and the means for continuous recording and evaluating the angular speeds of the friction roller and has a bobbin, by means of a yarn application an initially empty bobbin tube during a winding trip Cheese is formed.

Ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art sind beispielsweise aus der DE 42 39 579 A1 bekannt. Dort werden die erfaßten Winkelgeschwindigkeiten von Friktionswalze und Kreuzspule ausgewertet, um sogenannte Bildzonen zu erkennen und Bildstörverfahren auszulösen, um Bildwickel zu verhindern oder zu vermindern.A method and a device of the type mentioned at the beginning are known for example from DE 42 39 579 A1. There are the detected angular velocities of friction roller and cheese are evaluated to identify so-called image zones and trigger image disturbance methods to image wrap prevent or diminish.

Des weiteren ist durch die EP 0 291 712 A, die dem Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 6 entspricht, ein Verfahren bekannt, das es ermöglicht, über die Spulendichte auf den jeweiligen Qualitätsstandard der Kreuzspule zu schließen.Furthermore, EP 0 291 712 A, which corresponds to the preamble of claims 1 and 6, is a method known, which makes it possible to on the coil density on the to close the respective quality standard of the package.

Das heißt, bei diesem bekannten Verfahren wird aus dem Verhältnis der insgesamt auf die Kreuzspule aufgespulten Fadenlänge und dem Kreuzspulendurchmesser die durchschnittliche Spulendichte der Kreuzspule ermittelt.That is, in this known method from the Ratio of the total wound on the cheese Thread length and the package diameter is the average Coil density of the cheese is determined.

Nachteilig bei diesem bekannten Verfahren ist allerdings, daß eine Aussage über die momentane Spulendichte oder kurzperiodische Dichte-Schwankungen nicht möglich sind.A disadvantage of this known method, however, is that a statement about the current coil density or short-period density fluctuations are not possible.

Ausgehend vom vorgenannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß eine Aussage über die Qualität der hergestellten Kreuzspule getroffen werden kann und gegebenenfalls bereits während des Spulvorganges Eingriffe in den Spulvorgang vorgenommen werden können, um die Qualität zu verbessern. Starting from the aforementioned prior art, the Invention based on the object, a method of type mentioned in such a way that a statement about the quality of the cheese produced can and possibly already during the winding process Interventions in the winding process can be made to improve the quality.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Winkelgeschwindigkeiten derart ausgewertet werden, daß die Istwerte der Größe des Garnauftrags pro Umdrehung der Kreuzspule oder pro Zeiteinheit fortlaufend während eines Spulvorgangs ermittelt werden.This object is achieved in that the angular velocities be evaluated in such a way that the actual values the size of the yarn application per revolution of the package or per unit of time continuously during a winding process be determined.

Der Garnauftrag, der als Garnauftrag pro Umdrehung der Spule oder als Garnauftrag pro Zeiteinheit ermittelt wird, ist eine wesentliche Kenngröße für die Qualität der Kreuzspule, da sich daraus insbesondere eine Aussage über die Wickeldichte der Kreuzspule gewinnen läßt. Ist der Garnauftrag während einer Spulreise weitgehend gleichmäßig und konstant, so ist dies eine Aussage über die Wickeldichte, da dann die Wickeldichte weitgehend gleichmäßig ist. Eine Kreuzspule mit gleichmäßiger Wickeldichte hat bei der Weiterverarbeitung Vorteile, beispielsweise beim Färben und insbesondere beim Abspulen. Hier ist zu beachten, daß beispielsweise trotz einer Kompensation der Auflagekraft, mit welcher die Kreuzspule während des Spulvorgangs auf der Friktionswalze aufliegt, und trotz einer Fadenzugkraftregelung auf einen konstanten Wert noch relativ hohe Dichteschwankungen erhalten werden, insbesondere in Bereichen von Bildzonen. Aufgrund der Information über den Verlauf des Garnauftrages auch im Bereich der Bildzonen läßt sich dabei auch auf die Qualität des angewandten Bildstörverfahrens schließen.The yarn order, which is the yarn order per revolution the bobbin or as a yarn order per unit of time is an essential parameter for the quality of the Cheese, since it gives a particular statement about the Winding density of the package can be obtained. Is the yarn order largely uniform and constant during a winding cycle, so this is a statement about the winding density since then the winding density is largely uniform. A cheese with uniform winding density during further processing Advantages, for example in dyeing and in particular when unwinding. It should be noted here that despite a compensation of the contact force with which the cheese lies on the friction roller during the winding process, and despite a thread tension control to a constant Value still get relatively high density fluctuations especially in areas of image zones. Due to the Information about the course of the yarn application also in the area The image zones can also be based on the quality of the close the applied image interference method.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, daß die Istwerte des Garnauftrages als eine Kurve während der Spulreise über die Zeit oder über den Spulendurchmesser aufgezeichnet werden. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch geschehen, daß diese Kurve parallel zum Spulprozeß ausgedruckt wird. Es ist auch möglich, diese Kurve abzuspeichern und später auszudrucken oder auf einem Monitor zur Anzeige zu bringen, um die Qualität einer Kreuzspule zu beurteilen.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the actual values of the yarn order as a curve during the winding trip recorded over time or over the coil diameter become. This can happen, for example, in that this Curve is printed parallel to the winding process. It is also possible to save this curve and print it out later or to display on a monitor to the quality to judge a package.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, daß aus den Istwerten der Größe des Garnauftrags der Durchmesser der Kreuzspule gebildet und mit einem Grenzwert verglichen wird, der dem maximal herzustellenden Spulendurchmesser entspricht, bei dessen Erreichen der Spulprozeß mit dieser Kreuzspule beendet wird. Dadurch ist es möglich, Kreuzspulen herzustellen, die alle exakt den gleichen Durchmesser aufweisen.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the diameter from the actual values of the size of the yarn application of the cheese and compared with a limit value which corresponds to the maximum coil diameter to be produced, when it reaches the winding process with this Cheese is terminated. This makes it possible to use packages to produce, which all have exactly the same diameter.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, daß die Istwerte der Größe des Garnauftrages wenigstens in einem Bereich einer Bildzone fortlaufend mit Sollwerten verglichen und auf diese Sollwerte eingeregelt werden. Durch das Regeln der Größe des Garnauftrages insbesondere im Bereich einer Bildzone lassen sich Dichtschwankungen in diesem Bereich zumindest reduzieren, so daß eine Kreuzspule mit einer erhöhten Qualität hergestellt werden kann.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the actual values of the size of the yarn order in at least one Area of an image zone continuously compared with target values and adjusted to these setpoints. By regulating the size of the yarn order, especially in the area of a Image zone can be at least fluctuations in density in this area reduce so that a package with a raised Quality can be made.

Um die Aufgabe bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu lösen, wird in Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die Mittel zum Auswerten eine die Istwerte der Größe des Garnauftrags pro Umdrehung der Kreuzspule oder pro Zeiteinheit fortlaufend während einer Spulreise ermittelnde Auswerteeinrichtung enthalten.To the task in a device of the aforementioned Type of solving is provided in an embodiment of the invention, that the means for evaluating the actual values of the size of the Yarn order per revolution of the bobbin or per unit of time continuously during a bobbin trip Evaluation device included.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsform.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine schematische Ansicht einer Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer Friktionswalze und einer davon angetriebenen Kreuzspule zur Erläuterung der bei der Ermittlung des Garnauftrags benutzten physikalischen Größen und
Fig. 3
ein Blockdiagramm einer Auswerteeinrichtung zum Ermitteln des Garnauftrags pro Spulenumdrehung und zum Auswerten dieser ermittelten Werte.
Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the embodiment shown in the drawing.
Fig. 1
shows a schematic view of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a friction roller and a cheese driven by it to explain the physical quantities used in determining the yarn application and
Fig. 3
a block diagram of an evaluation device for determining the yarn application per spool revolution and for evaluating these determined values.

Mit der Spulvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 wird ein Faden (10), der in Pfeilrichtung (11) läuft, auf eine Spulenhülse (12) zu einer zylindrischen Kreuzspule (13) aufgewickelt. Die zylindrische Kreuzspule (13) liegt auf einer Friktionswalze (14) auf, die mit einem Kehrgewinde (15) versehen ist, so daß sie gleichzeitig als eine Changiereinrichtung wirkt. Der Faden (10) läuft über einen einstellbaren und/oder regelbaren Fadenspanner (16) zu einer Fadenführungsöse (17) und danach zum Kehrgewinde (15) der Friktionswalze (14).1 is a thread (10), the runs in the direction of the arrow (11) onto a spool sleeve (12) cylindrical cheese (13) wound. The cylindrical Cheese (13) lies on a friction roller (14), which is provided with a reverse thread (15) so that it also acts as a traversing device. The string (10) runs via an adjustable and / or adjustable thread tensioner (16) to a thread guide eyelet (17) and then to Reverse thread (15) of the friction roller (14).

Die Kreuzspule (13) ist mittels Spulentellern (18) gehalten, die in die Spulenhülse (12) eingreifen und mit der Spulenhülse (12) und damit mit der Kreuzspule (13) rotieren. Die Spulenteller (18) sind drehbar in einem Spulenrahmen (19) derart gelagert, daß die Kreuzspule (13) mit einer vorgebbaren Auflagekraft auf der Friktionswalze (14) aufliegt.The cheese (13) is held by means of bobbins (18), which engage in the coil sleeve (12) and with the coil sleeve (12) and thus rotate with the cheese (13). The coil plate (18) are rotatable in a coil frame (19) stored that the cheese (13) with a predetermined bearing force rests on the friction roller (14).

Zu der Spulvorrichtung gehört eine Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung (20). Die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung (20) gibt die Geschwindigkeit eines Antriebsmotors (21) der Friktionswalze (14) vor. Dies geschieht beispielsweise über einen Wechselrichter (22), der an den als Asynchronmotor ausgebildeten Antriebsmotor (21) angeschlossen ist. Die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung (20) wirkt auch auf den nur schematisch dargestellten, verstellbaren Fadenspanner (16), so daß die Fadenzugkraft eingestellt und insbesondere auf einen konstanten Wert eingeregelt wird, mit welchem der Faden (10) auf die Kreuzspule (13) aufgewickelt wird.A control and / or regulating device belongs to the winding device (20). The control and / or regulating device (20) gives the speed of a drive motor (21) of the friction roller (14) before. This happens, for example, via a Inverter (22) on the trained as an asynchronous motor Drive motor (21) is connected. The tax- and / or control device (20) also acts only schematically illustrated, adjustable thread tensioner (16), so that the thread tension is adjusted and in particular to a constant Value is adjusted with which the thread (10) the cheese (13) is wound up.

Der Spulenrahmen (19) ist mit einer nur schematisch dargestellten Einrichtung (23) versehen, mit der die Auflagekraft einstellbar ist, mit der die Kreuzsspule (13) auf der Friktionswalze (14) aufliegt. Die Einrichtung (23) kann autonom arbeiten, d.h. selbsttätig über den Spulendurchmesser für eine wenigstens annähernde Konstanthaltung der Auflagekraft sorgen. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist jedoch vorgesehen, daß die Einrichtung (23) von der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung (20) eingestellt wird, beispielsweise auf eine konstante Auflagekraft eingeregelt wird.The coil frame (19) is shown only schematically Device (23) provided with the tracking force is adjustable with which the cheese (13) on the friction roller (14) rests. The device (23) can work autonomously, i.e. automatically over the coil diameter for one ensure at least approximately constant tracking force. However, in the illustrated embodiment provided that the device (23) of the control and / or Control device (20) is set, for example a constant tracking force is set.

Einem Spulenteller (18) und der Welle (26) der Friktionswalze (14) sind Drehwinkelgeber (24, 25) zugeordnet, die an die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung (20) angeschlossen sind.A bobbin (18) and the shaft (26) of the friction roller (14) are assigned to angle encoders (24, 25) which are connected to the Control and / or regulating device (20) are connected.

Bei bestimmten, im voraus berechenbaren Durchmesserverhältnissen von Friktionswalze (14) und Kreuzspule (13), in den sogenannten Bildzonen, treten Bilder oder Rauten auf, die insbesondere das Abspulen des Fadens von der Kreuzspule nachteilig beeinflussen. Es werden deshalb Bildstörverfahren eingesetzt, die derartige Bilder oder Rauten verhindern oder wenigstens in ihrer Auswirkung verringern. Hierzu ist es bekannt, den Antriebsmotor (21) in Intervallen derart ein- und auszuschalten, daß in einer Beschleunigungsphase nach dem Einschalten ein Schlupf zwischen Friktionswalze (14) und Kreuzspule (13) vorhanden ist, und in der anschließenden Auslaufphase ein schlupffreier Zustand zwischen Friktionswalze (14) und Kreuzspule (13) herrscht. Sobald die Drehzahl der Friktionswalze unter einen vorgegebenen Wert abgefallen ist, erfolgt ein erneutes Einschalten, d.h. eine Beschleunigungsphase mit Schlupf, für eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne. Es ist bekannt, daß trotz eines derartigen Bildstörverfahrens im Bereich einer Bildzone eine relativ starke Vergrößerung der Wickeldichte mit den damit verbundenen negativen Folgen für das Abspulverhalten auftritt.With certain diameter ratios that can be calculated in advance of friction roller (14) and cheese (13), in the so-called image zones, images or diamonds appear that especially the unwinding of the thread from the cheese is disadvantageous influence. Image interference methods are therefore used that prevent or at least prevent such pictures or diamonds reduce their impact. For this it is known the drive motor (21) in and out at intervals switch off that in an acceleration phase after the Turn on a slip between the friction roller (14) and Cheese (13) is present, and in the subsequent phase-out phase a slip-free condition between the friction roller (14) and cheese (13) prevails. Once the speed of the Friction roller has dropped below a predetermined value, is switched on again, i.e. an acceleration phase with slip, for a predetermined period of time. It is known that despite such an image disturbance method in the area a relatively large enlargement of the Winding density with the associated negative consequences for the unwinding behavior occurs.

Schon das Wissen über die Größe und/oder den Verlauf von Schwankungen der Wickeldichte innerhalb einer Kreuzspule ist von Vorteil, da diese Kenntnis bei der Weiterverarbeitung (Färben oder Abspulen) verwendet werden kann und da diese Größe eine Aussage über die Qualität der Kreuzspule darstellt. Zu besonderen Vorteilen führt darüber hinaus das Erfassen der Wickeldichte während des Spulvorgangs dann, wenn aufgrund dieser ermittelten Größe Eingriffe in den Spulvorgang vorgenommen werden, insbesondere um die Schwankungen in der Wickeldichte zumindest zu verringern.Knowing the size and / or the course of Fluctuations in the winding density within a cheese an advantage, because this knowledge during further processing (Dyeing or unwinding) can be used and since this Size represents a statement about the quality of the package. Recording also has special advantages the winding density during the winding process if interventions in the winding process based on this determined size be made, in particular to the fluctuations in to reduce the winding density at least.

Die Erfindung geht von der Überlegung aus, daß ein unmittelbares Anzeichen für die Wickeldichte der Garnauftrag pro Umdrehung der Kreuzspule (13) ist oder auch der Garnauftrag pro Zeiteinheit. Nimmt die Größe des Garnauftrags bei an sich gleichbleibenden Wickelbedingungen ab, so entspricht das unmittelbar einer Erhöhung der Wickeldichte. Umgekehrt entspricht eine Erhöhung des Garnauftrags pro Umdrehung oder Zeit einer Verminderung der Wickeldichte. Der Verlauf der Istwerte der Größe des Garnauftrags über eine Spulreise, d.h. das Aufwickeln eines Garns (oder Fadens) auf eine zunächst leere Spulenhülse (12) bis zum Erzeugen einer fertigen Kreuzspule (13), ist somit eine wichtige Kenngröße für eine Kreuzspule. Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt deshalb ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Verfügung, durch die der Verlauf der Istwerte des Garnauftrags während des Spulvorganges fortlaufend ermittelt wird.The invention is based on the consideration that an immediate Indications of the winding density of the yarn application per turn the cheese (13) or the yarn application per unit of time. Takes on the size of the yarn order at constant winding conditions, this corresponds to immediately an increase in the winding density. Conversely, an increase in the yarn application per turn or Time of winding density decrease. The course of the Actual values of the size of the yarn application via a winding trip, i.e. winding a yarn (or thread) onto an initially empty bobbin tube (12) until a finished package is produced (13), is therefore an important parameter for a package. The present invention therefore provides a method and a device available through which the course of the Actual values of the yarn application continuously during the winding process is determined.

Theoretisch ist die Ermittlung des Garnauftrags aufgrund folgender Gleichung (1) relativ einfach dsp = ωFW ωsp . dFW Theoretically, the determination of the yarn application based on the following equation (1) is relatively simple d sp = ω FW ω sp . d FW

In dieser Gleichung bedeutet

dsp
(momentaner) Durchmesser der Kreuzspule (13),
dFW
Durchmesser der Friktionswalze (14) (der einen bekannten konstanten Wert hat),
ωFW
Winkelgeschwindigkeit der Friktionswalze (14) und
ωsp
Winkelgeschwindigkeit der Kreuzspule (13).
In this equation means
d sp
(current) diameter of the cheese (13),
d FW
Diameter of the friction roller (14) (which has a known constant value),
ω FW
Angular speed of the friction roller (14) and
ω sp
Angular velocity of the cheese (13).

Der Garnauftrag (δ) entspricht dann der Hälfte der Durchmesseränderung nach einer Umdrehung. Diese Berechnung führt jedoch nicht zu einem brauchbaren Ergebnis, da der Garnauftrag (δ) pro Spulenumdrehung im Verhältnis zu dem Spulendurchmesser äußerst gering ist. Aufgrund des Rauschens der Meßwerte läßt sich auf diese Weise der Garnauftrag (δ) nicht ermitteln.The yarn application (δ) then corresponds to half the change in diameter after one turn. However, this calculation does not a usable result since the yarn application (δ) per coil revolution in relation to the coil diameter is extremely low. Due to the noise of the measured values the yarn application (δ) cannot be determined in this way.

Zur Berechnung des Garnauftrags (δ) in Abhängigkeit von der Spulumdrehung wird deshalb eine zweite Gleichung herangezogen nämlich die Gleichung (2a) dsp = d0 + 2 .δ . nsp . A second equation is therefore used to calculate the yarn application (δ) as a function of the spule rotation, namely equation (2a) d sp = d 0 + 2 .δ. n sp .

In dieser Gleichung bedeutet

dsp
der momentane Durchmesser der Kreuzspule (13),
d0
der zuvor berechnete Durchmesser der Kreuzspule (13),
δ
Garnauftrag pro Umdrehung der Kreuzspule (13) und
nsp
Anzahl der Umdrehungen der Kreuzspule (13) nach dem zuvor berechneten Durchmesser d0.
In this equation means
d sp
the current diameter of the cheese (13),
d 0
the previously calculated diameter of the cheese (13),
δ
Yarn application per revolution of the package (13) and
n sp
Number of revolutions of the cheese (13) according to the previously calculated diameter d 0 .

Aus dieser Gleichung wird ein mathematisches Filter entwikkelt, in das das Ergebnis der Gleichung (1) und die Anzahl der Umdrehungen (nsp) eingegeben werden. Dieses mathematische Filter liefert dann jeweils die Werte für d0 und für den Garnauftrag (δ).A mathematical filter is developed from this equation, into which the result of equation (1) and the number of revolutions (n sp ) are entered. This mathematical filter then supplies the values for d 0 and for the yarn application (δ).

Diese Auswertung wird nachfolgend anhand von Fig. 3 näher erläutert. Da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in gleicher Weise für zylindrische Kreuzspulen (13) als auch für konische Kreuzspulen (13') eingesetzt werden kann, ist in Fig. 3 eine konische Kreuzspule (13') in Verbindung mit einer Friktionswalze (14) angedeutet. Die Winkelgeber (24, 25) liefern die Winkelgeschwindigkeit (ωsp) der Kreuzspule (13) und die Winkelgeschwindigkeit (ωFW) der Friktionswalze (14). In einer Auswerteeinrichtung (27) wird der Durchmesser (dsp) nach der Gleichung (1) berechnet. Bei einer konischen Kreuzspule ist das der angetriebene Durchmesser. Da der Durchmesser (dFW) der Friktionswalze (14) konstant ist, kann die Multiplikation mit diesem Wert entfallen. In einem Umdrehungszähler (28) werden aufgrund der Winkelgeschwindigkeit (ωsp) der Kreuzspule (13) die Anzahl der Umdrehungen gezählt. Die Werte des Umdrehungszählers (28) und der Auswerteeinrichtung (27) werden in das mathematische Filter (29), beispielsweise ein Kalman-Filter, eingegeben, das aus der Gleichung (2a) entwickelt worden ist. Dieses Filter liefert die Istwerte (δi) für den Garnauftrag. Ebenso liefert das Filter den Spulendurchmesser (d0) entsprechend der letzten Berechnung. In einer nachfolgenden Auswerteeinrichtung (30) wird der Durchmesser (dsp) nach der Gleichung (2a) berechnet, wobei auch der Wert des Umdrehungszählers (28) mit eingegeben wird.This evaluation is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3. Since the method and the device according to the invention can be used in the same way for cylindrical cross-wound bobbins (13) and for conical cross-wound bobbins (13 '), a conical cross-wound bobbin (13') is shown in FIG. 3 in connection with a friction roller (14) indicated. The angle transmitters (24, 25) deliver the angular velocity (ω sp ) of the cheese (13) and the angular velocity (ω FW ) of the friction roller (14). The diameter (d sp ) is calculated in an evaluation device (27) according to equation (1). In the case of a conical cheese, this is the driven diameter. Since the diameter (d FW ) of the friction roller (14) is constant, the multiplication by this value can be omitted. The number of revolutions is counted in a revolution counter (28) on the basis of the angular velocity (ω sp ) of the cheese (13). The values of the revolution counter (28) and the evaluation device (27) are input into the mathematical filter (29), for example a Kalman filter, which has been developed from equation (2a). This filter provides the actual values (δ i ) for the yarn application. The filter also supplies the coil diameter (d 0 ) according to the last calculation. In a subsequent evaluation device (30) the diameter (d sp ) is calculated according to equation (2a), the value of the revolution counter (28) also being entered.

Während des Herstellens einer Kreuzspule (13), d.h. während einer Spulreise, sind auch Zeitabschnitte vorhanden, in denen die Gefahr einer Änderung der Wickeldichte nicht besteht oder eine Änderung allenfalls in einem unschädlichen Maß auftritt. Das Erfassen des Spulendurchmessers (dsp) und des Garnauftrages (δ) kann deshalb auf erfahrungsgemäß gefährdete Abschnitte beschränkt werden.During the manufacture of a package (13), ie during a winding trip, there are also periods in which there is no risk of a change in the winding density or at most a change occurs to a harmless degree. The detection of the bobbin diameter (d sp ) and the yarn application (δ) can therefore be limited to sections that are known to be at risk.

Die in vorstehender Weise erhaltenen Werte (dsp) und (δi) können in mehrere Richtungen ausgewertet werden. Beispielsweise kann in einer Vergleichseinrichtung (31) der gemessene Durchmesser (dsp) mit einem Maximalwert (dspmax) verglichen werden, der bei Übereinstimmung von dsp mit dspmax ein Signal zum Beenden des Spulprozesses der gerade hergestellten Kreuzspule (13) ausgibt.The values (d sp ) and (δ i ) obtained in the above manner can be evaluated in several directions. For example, the measured diameter (d sp ) can be compared in a comparison device (31) with a maximum value (d spmax ) which, if d sp corresponds to d spmax, outputs a signal for ending the winding process of the cheese bobbin (13) which has just been produced.

Die Werte (dsp) und (δi) werden weiter einer Einrichtung (32) zum Aufzeichnen zugeführt, beispielsweise einem Speicher, in welchem der Verlauf des Garnauftrags (δ) über den Durchmesser (dsp) der Kreuzspule (13) aufgezeichnet wird. Bei Bedarf können die in dem Speicher (32) aufgezeichneten Werte an einen Drucker (33) weitergeleitet und dort ausgedruckt werden. Sie können auch an einen Bildschirm (34) weitergeleitet und dort zur Anzeige gebracht werden.The values (d sp ) and (δ i ) are further fed to a device (32) for recording, for example a memory in which the course of the yarn application (δ) over the diameter (d sp ) of the cheese (13) is recorded. If required, the values recorded in the memory (32) can be forwarded to a printer (33) and printed out there. They can also be forwarded to a screen (34) and displayed there.

Wie in Fig. 3 weiter dargestellt ist, kann der Istwert (δi) des Garnauftrages auch an eine Vergleichseinrichtung (35) weitergeleitet werden, die den Istwert (δi) mit einem Sollwert (δsoll) vergleicht. Unterschreitet der Istwert (δi) den Sollwert (δsoll), so ist dies ein Zeichen dafür, daß die Kreuzspule (13) mit einer zu hohen Wickeldichte gewickelt wird. Die Vergleichseinrichtung (35) kann in diesem Fall ein Eingriffsignal auslösen, das auf den Fadenspanner (16) und/oder den Wechselrichter (22) des Antriebsmotors (21) einwirkt, um durch teilweises Öffnen des Fadenspanners (16) und/oder Verringern der Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors (22) die Fadenzugkraft zu reduzieren. Das Signal der Vergleichseinrichtung (35) kann gleichzeitig oder alternativ auch der Einrichtung (23) zugeführt werden, um die Auflagekraft der Kreuzspule (13) auf der Friktionswalze (14) zu reduzieren und damit ebenfalls die Wickeldichte wieder zu verringern. Der Sollwert (δsoll) kann vorausgegeben oder während des Spulprozesses ermittelt werden, insbesondere im Bereich außerhalb von Bildzonen, in denen der Garnauftrag (δ) relativ konstant ist. Da ein Eingriff in den Spulvorgang in den meisten Fällen nur im Bereich von Bildzonen erforderlich ist, und dabei nur in Bildzonen bei größeren Spulendurchmessern, wird zweckmäßigerweise die Vergleichseinrichtung (35) nur im Bereich derartiger Bildzonen tätig. Hierzu ist es möglich, die Signale der Drehwinkelgeber (24, 25) auszuwerten, um den Bereich einer Bildzone zu erkennen, wie dies beispielsweise aus der DE 42 39 579 A1 bekannt ist.As further shown in FIG. 3, the actual value (δ i ) of the yarn application can also be forwarded to a comparison device (35) which compares the actual value (δ i ) with a target value (δ soll ). If the actual value (δ i ) falls below the target value (δ soll ), this is a sign that the cheese (13) is being wound with too high a winding density. In this case, the comparison device (35) can trigger an engagement signal which acts on the thread tensioner (16) and / or the inverter (22) of the drive motor (21) in order to partially open the thread tensioner (16) and / or reduce the speed of the drive motor (22) to reduce the thread tension. The signal from the comparison device (35) can be supplied to the device (23) simultaneously or alternatively in order to reduce the contact force of the cheese (13) on the friction roller (14) and thus also to reduce the winding density again. The desired value (δ desired) may precede given or determined during the winding process, in particular in the area outside of image zones in which the Garnauftrag (δ) is relatively constant. Since an intervention in the winding process is required in most cases only in the area of image zones, and only in image zones with larger bobbin diameters, the comparison device (35) expediently only operates in the area of such image zones. For this purpose it is possible to evaluate the signals of the rotary angle sensors (24, 25) in order to recognize the area of an image zone, as is known for example from DE 42 39 579 A1.

In dem Vorstehenden ist dargelegt worden, wie die Istwerte (δi) des Garnauftrags fortlaufend während eines Spulvorganges unter Auswertung der von Drehwinkelgebern (24, 25) erfaßten Winkelgeschwindigkeiten (ωsp) der Kreuzspule (13) und (ωFW) der Friktionswalze (14) ermittelt werden. Selbstverständlich ist eine entsprechende Auswertung auch möglich, wenn die Periodendauern der Kreuzspule (13) und der Friktionswalze (14) oder die Drehzahlen ermittelt und miteinander verarbeitet werden. Soweit in den Ansprüchen die Winkelgeschwindigkeiten beansprucht sind, sind diese als Synonym für in gleicher Weise erfaßbare Meßwerte zu verstehen.The foregoing has shown how the actual values (δ i ) of the yarn application continuously during a winding process, evaluating the angular velocities (ω sp ) of the cheese (13) and (ω FW ) of the friction roller (14 ) be determined. A corresponding evaluation is of course also possible if the period durations of the cheese (13) and the friction roller (14) or the speeds are determined and processed together. Insofar as the angular velocities are claimed in the claims, they are to be understood as synonymous with measured values which can be recorded in the same way.

Der Verlauf des Durchmessers (dsp) über die Wickelzeit läßt sich mit folgender Gleichung (2b) ausdrücken: dsp = do 2 + 6π . δ . υ . t The course of the diameter (d sp ) over the winding time can be expressed using the following equation (2b): d sp = d O 2nd + 6 π . δ. υ. t

Die Gleichung (2b) wird aus der Abhängigkeit des Durchmessers (dsp) der Kreuzspule (13) von dem Drehwinkel (ϕ) der Spule erhalten, für den gilt dsp = do + 1π . δ . ϕ (t) Equation (2b) is obtained from the dependency of the diameter (d sp ) of the cross-wound bobbin (13) on the angle of rotation (ϕ) of the bobbin, for which the following applies d sp = d O + 1 π . δ. ϕ (t)

Hierin ist ϕ(t) der Drehwinkel der Kreuzspule in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit. Wird diese Gleichung nach der Zeit abgeleitet, so ergibt sich

Figure 00110001
Herein ϕ (t) is the angle of rotation of the cheese as a function of time. If this equation is derived according to time, the result is
Figure 00110001

Die Ableitung

Figure 00110002
(t) ist die Winkelgeschwindigkeit ω(t) der Kreuzspule (13), so daß gilt
Figure 00110003
The derivative
Figure 00110002
(t) is the angular velocity ω (t) of the cheese (13), so that applies
Figure 00110003

Da ferner gilt dsp = 2 υω(t)    und damit

Figure 00110004
ergibt sich - 2 υ . ω(t)ω2(t) = δ . ω(t)π wobei υ die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Kreuzspule ist.Since also applies d sp = 2 υ ω (t) and thus
Figure 00110004
surrendered - 2nd υ. ω (t) ω 2nd (t) = δ. ω (t) π where υ is the peripheral speed of the cheese.

Wird diese Gleichung nach ω integriert und außerdem eingesetzt ωo = 2.υdO so ergibt sich daraus ω(t) = ν do 2 + 6π . δ . ν . t unter der Voraussetzung, daß νFW = νSp ist,
gilt dsp = ωFWωsp . dFW woraus dann folgt dsp = do 2 + 6π . δ . ν . t d.h., die Gleichung (2b), in der
ν die bekannte Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Friktionswalze (14) ist.If this equation is integrated according to ω and also used ω O = 2.υ d O so it follows ω (t) = ν d O 2nd + 6 π . δ. ν. t provided that ν FW = ν Sp ,
applies d sp = ωFW ωsp . d FW which then follows d sp = d O 2nd + 6 π . δ. ν. t that is, equation (2b), in which
ν is the known peripheral speed of the friction roller (14).

Wird der momentane Spulendurchmesser (dsp) und/oder der Garnauftrag (δi) über die Zeit nach der Gleichung (2b) ermittelt, so wird in Abwandlung der Fig. 3 anstelle eines Umdrehungszählers (28) eine Zeitmeßeinrichtung vorgesehen. Das mathematische Filter (29) ist in diesem Fall aus der Gleichung (2b) entwickelt.If the current bobbin diameter (d sp ) and / or the yarn application (δi) is determined over time according to equation (2b), a time measuring device is provided instead of a revolution counter (28) in a modification of FIG. 3. In this case, the mathematical filter (29) is developed from equation (2b).

Claims (10)

  1. Method for making random cross-wound bobbins by means of a winding device, which contains a friction roller driving a cross-wound bobbin and which comprises means for the continuous monitoring and evaluation of the angular speeds of the friction roller and cross-wound bobbin, in which case by means of an application of yarn to a bobbin tube which is at first empty, during a winding travel, a cross-wound bobbin is formed, characterised in that the angular speeds are evaluated such that the actual values of the magnitude of the application of yarn per rotation of the cross-wound bobbin or per unit of time are ascertained continuously during one winding operation.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that ascertaining the actual values of the application of yarn takes place by means of a mathematical filter, which is developed from an equation indicating the instantaneous diameter of the cross-wound bobbin over the winding time or by way of the number of revolutions of the cross-wound bobbin.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the actual values of the application of yarn are recorded as a curve over time or the bobbin diameter.
  4. Method according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the diameter of the bobbin is formed from the actual values of the magnitude of the application of yarn and it is compared with a limit value, which corresponds to the maximum bobbin diameter to be produced, upon reaching which the winding process of this cross-wound bobbin is terminated.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the actual values of the magnitude of the application of yarn, at least in one region of a formation area, are continuously compared with reference values and adjusted to the reference values.
  6. Apparatus for making random cross-wound bobbins (13) by means of a winding device, which contains a friction roller (14) driving a cross-wound bobbin (13) and which comprises means for continuously monitoring and evaluating the angular speeds of the friction roller (14) and cross-wound bobbin (13), in which case by means of an application of yarn to a bobbin tube (12), which is first of all empty, during a winding travel, a cross-wound bobbin (13) is formed, and for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the means for evaluating contain an evaluation device (24, 25, 27, 28, 29) ascertaining the actual values (δi) of the magnitude of the application of yarn (δ) per revolution of the cross-wound bobbin or per unit time continuously during one winding operation.
  7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterised in that the evaluation device contains a mathematical filter (29), which is formed from an equation (2a, 2b) calculating the instantaneous bobbin diameter (dsp) of the cross-wound bobbin (13) by way of the number of bobbin revolutions or by way of time.
  8. Apparatus according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that a device (31) is provided comparing the measured bobbin diameter (dsp) with an adjustable maximum value (dspmax) and upon reaching the maximum value emitting a signal to terminate the winding process.
  9. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that a device (32, 34) is provided for recording and/or indicating the course of the application of yarn (δ).
  10. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterised in that a device (35) is provided for comparing the actual value (δi) of the application of yarn with a reference value (δref) of the application of yarn and for emitting adjusting signals in the case of deviations of the actual value and reference value.
EP97108839A 1996-06-26 1997-06-03 Method of and device for making random cross-wound bobbins Expired - Lifetime EP0816277B1 (en)

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DE19625511A DE19625511A1 (en) 1996-06-26 1996-06-26 Method and device for producing cross-wound bobbins in a wild winding
DE19625511 1996-06-26

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EP0816277A3 EP0816277A3 (en) 1998-08-26
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EP (1) EP0816277B1 (en)
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TR199700526A3 (en) 1998-01-21
JPH1072168A (en) 1998-03-17
TR199700526A2 (en) 1998-01-21
DE59701349D1 (en) 2000-05-04
CN1170691A (en) 1998-01-21
US6302349B1 (en) 2001-10-16
DE19625511A1 (en) 1998-01-02
EP0816277A3 (en) 1998-08-26
EP0816277A2 (en) 1998-01-07

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