EP0815574B1 - Elektrischer schalter mit doppeltem eintauchfühler - Google Patents

Elektrischer schalter mit doppeltem eintauchfühler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0815574B1
EP0815574B1 EP96905911A EP96905911A EP0815574B1 EP 0815574 B1 EP0815574 B1 EP 0815574B1 EP 96905911 A EP96905911 A EP 96905911A EP 96905911 A EP96905911 A EP 96905911A EP 0815574 B1 EP0815574 B1 EP 0815574B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch according
electrodes
immersion
wall
voltage
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EP96905911A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0815574A1 (de
Inventor
Roger Anfosso
Franck Garde
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Anfosso Roger
Pyroalliance SA
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Pyroalliance SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/42—Switches operated by change of humidity

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of detection of immersion in a liquid medium.
  • the invention relates to a contactor electric device according to the preamble of claim 1 arranged between a current source and a receiving device, the contactor does not closing the electrical circuit only if it is immersed in a depth and for a predetermined period of time in a defined liquid medium; see FR-A-2 569 305.
  • a contactor according to the invention finds a preferred application in the swelling area of life jackets.
  • contactors working under low immersion and therefore under small variation of pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
  • Such contactor has, for example, been proposed in the patent FR-A-2 569 305 or in its correspondent EP-A-0 174 891.
  • the contactor does not not an independent element but is integrated into a pyrotechnic device. Triggering the circuit is not due to the mechanical deformation of a piece but is caused by an abrupt change in conductance related to the penetration of the liquid into the electrical box through a membrane of very low porosity set to not let the liquid pass than for continuous immersion.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to propose such a contactor.
  • the contactor according to the invention is perfectly reliable in all positions because it suffices that the liquid medium covers the external face of the immersion detection wall without having to penetrate in the contactor itself.
  • the membrane microporous is impermeable to liquids and does not only function to ensure, before operation, the conservation of ambient atmospheric pressure in the waterproof compartment.
  • connection component is chosen in the group made up of semiconductors and relay.
  • said element pressure sensitive has free volume interior which communicates with the interior of the waterproof compartment which ensures that before said element is always wedged on the ambient atmospheric pressure and thus can be sensitive to very small pressure variations, i.e. at very shallow immersion depths.
  • the said microporous membrane will be advantageously chosen from the group made up of hydrophobic membranes and oleophobic membranes according to the type of liquid medium intended to receive the contactor and preferably still said membrane include at least one layer of fibrous material in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • said housing includes a sealed housing for the source of direct current which will advantageously consist of an electric battery.
  • said wall immersion detection will be protected by a cover exterior provided with openings allowing a liquid to come into contact with said wall.
  • these openings will be side openings allowing said hood to ensure full frontal protection of said wall immersion detection.
  • connection component is advantageously constituted by a transistor.
  • said circuit electronics includes two potentiometric divider bridges independent, connected to said component of connection and each comprising an input comparator and an output comparator separated by a diode, each bridge containing one of the two resistors variables associated with its threshold resistance.
  • each dividing bridge will be made up by a double operational power amplifier and preferably the two bridges will be grouped in a quadruple operational power amplifier unique.
  • the two bridges dividers are connected to an integrator which does not unlocks output comparators only if both variable resistances fell below their respective values for a period of time predetermined.
  • the said integrator will be consisting of a resistor and a capacitor.
  • said resistance of force detection advantageously comprises a volume free interior which communicates with the interior of the waterproof compartment.
  • connection component is advantageously constituted by a thyristor.
  • said circuit electronics then includes four separate modules, connected to said connection component: a command power, an oscillator, a signal detector and a microphone amplifier; the oscillator, the signal detector and microphone amplifier does can be supplied with voltage only if the resistance electric prevailing between the first pair of electrodes has reached its threshold level.
  • said pairs of electrodes do not are therefore not located in the same module, so as to make the module power up comprising said second pair of electrodes, dependent of the module integrating said first pair of electrodes: the power control.
  • control module power placed between the DC source and the current distribution socket, is connected in input on the first pair of electrodes and output on the signal detector, so as to control the power up of the other three modules.
  • the module power control therefore acts as a switch for the other three modules of the electronic circuit.
  • the oscillator module preferably made up by an operational amplifier is connected to the input on the microphone amplifier and output on the pressure sensor, so as to supply current said pressure sensor.
  • the signal detector module preferably consisting of an operational amplifier, is connected in input on the power control and in output on the microphone amplifier so as to convert the amplified alternating voltage of said pressure sensor into a continuous voltage.
  • the microphone amplifier module preferably consisting of an operational amplifier, is connected as an input to the signal detector and output on the oscillator, so as to detect a increasing alternating voltage.
  • said operational amplifiers will be grouped into a quadruple amplifier single operational.
  • said sensor for pressure has an internal free volume which communicates with the inside of the waterproof compartment, which allows to guarantee that before operation said sensor pressure is always set on pressure ambient atmospheric and can thus be sensitive to very small variations in pressure, i.e. very shallow immersion depths.
  • This second embodiment of the invention allows to obtain contactors which are particularly resistant good for salt spray.
  • the pyrotechnic device can advantageously be constituted by a pyrotechnic perforator coupled to a gas cartridge under pressure or even be consisting of a pyrotechnic gas generator.
  • a particularly advantageous use of the invention consists in connecting the contactor to a pyrotechnic device for inflating lifejackets life jacket so as to offer life jackets to automatic inflation in case of prolonged immersion of people who wear them.
  • Figure 1 is a top view with partial partial cutaway of a contactor made according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section along AA of the contactor shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the principle of constitution of a force sensing resistor.
  • Figure 4 is a partial top view of a force sensing resistor used in the context of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a functional diagram of the electronic circuit of the contactor represented in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is the logic operating diagram of the electronic circuit shown in FIG. 5.
  • Figure 7 is a top view with double cutout of a contactor made according to the second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a section on AA of the contactor shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a functional diagram of the electronic circuit of the contactor represented in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 10 is a logic operating diagram of the electronic circuit shown in FIG. 9.
  • Figure 11 is a simplified view, partially torn off, from a contactor according to the invention connected to a pyrotechnic perforator.
  • the invention relates in this first case to a electrical contactor 21 intended to detect a immersion in a liquid medium.
  • This contactor 21 is constituted by a housing 22 comprising a compartment 23 liquid tight.
  • This compartment 23 contains a electronic circuit 24 interposed between a source 25 of direct current and a 26 distribution outlet current.
  • Said circuit 24 comprises at least one component connection 27 which does not provide the connection between the source 25 and socket 26 only if sufficient voltage applied to it by the rest of the electronic circuit whose detailed description appears a little further in the description.
  • This connection component is advantageously a transistor as shown in the figure 5.
  • the housing 22 includes a sealed housing 28 for the source of direct current 25 which will advantageously be constituted by a 3.6 volt lithium battery for applications intended for inflating lifejackets rescue.
  • Said sealed compartment 23 has a wall 29 immersion detection whose external face 30 is in direct contact with the liquid in which is immersed contactor 21.
  • said electronic circuit 24 comprises a first pair of electrodes 31 and 32 which pass through the immersion detection wall 29.
  • the free end of each of these two electrodes is located on the external face 30 of the immersion wall 29 and the two electrodes 31 and 32 constitute a variable resistance R 3 as a function of the nature of the medium, gaseous or liquid, being in contact with said wall.
  • the electronic circuit 24 comprises a second pair of electrodes 33 and 34, the ends of which are connected to a force detection resistor 35 arranged on the external face 30 of said immersion wall 29 so thus constituting a variable resistance R 4 as a function of the pressure prevailing on said wall.
  • the resistor 35 for detecting force consists of a head 36 extended by a tail 37 containing the electrodes 33 and 34.
  • the head 36 comprises a set of two sheets 38 and 39 of polymer laminated and assembled so as to leave a free volume between them, at rest interior 40.
  • a layer 43 of semiconductor polymer On the sheet 38 is deposited a layer 43 of semiconductor polymer.
  • the head 36 of the resistor 35 rests on the face external 30 of the immersion detection wall 29 while the tail 37 enters through an opening 44 clogged by a seal 45 in the sealed compartment 23 so as to conduct the electrodes 33 and 34 to the electronic circuit 24.
  • the tail 37 has a channel hollow 46 which connects the free volume 40 with the interior of the waterproof compartment 23.
  • Such force sensing resistors are marketed by the company "INTERLINK” under the trademark “FSR” ®.
  • the immersion detection wall 29 has a opening 47 closed by a microporous membrane 48 permeable to gases and impermeable to said liquid medium.
  • a microporous membrane 48 permeable to gases and impermeable to said liquid medium.
  • said microporous membrane 48 is chosen from the group formed by hydrophobic membranes and membranes oleophobic.
  • microporous membrane 48 will include at least one layer of fibrous material in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • said detection wall immersion 29 can constitute an external face of the contactor 21; but according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the immersion detection wall 29 will protected by an outer cover 49 provided with openings 50 allowing a liquid to come into contact with said wall. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the openings 50 will advantageously be openings side so that the cover 49 can ensure complete frontal protection of the wall 29.
  • the electronic circuit 24 does not supply said component connecting enough tension to make it "passing" only if each of the two variable resistors R3 and R4 becomes less than a threshold resistance own determined.
  • This double condition implies that both the resistance between electrodes 31 and 32 either sufficiently lowered by immersion of the latter in a predetermined liquid medium and that the resistance between electrodes 33 and 34 is also sufficiently lowered due to an increase in the pressure on resistance 35 to become less than a predetermined value.
  • the source 25 of direct current with a positive terminal 25a and a negative terminal 25b as well as the distribution socket of current 26 having a good positive 26a and a negative terminal 26b.
  • the positive terminal 26a of the socket 26 is connected directly to the positive terminal 25a of the source 25, while the negative terminal 26b of the socket 26 is connected to the negative terminal 25b of the source 25 via a transistor 27 whose third terminal is connected to the electronic circuit 24 supplied with direct current by the source 25 according to the indications shown in figure 5.
  • the transistor 27 is protected against overvoltages by a resistor 49 and by a capacitor 500 connected to the mass.
  • the electronic circuit 24 includes two bridges independent potentiometric dividers L1 and L2 fictitiously isolated in Figure 5 by perimeters dotted. These bridges are connected to transistor 27 and each have an input comparator 51 or 52 and a output comparator 53 or 54 separated by a diode 55 or 56.
  • Each bridge contains one of the two variable resistors R 3 and R 4 , the resistance R 3 being associated with its specific threshold resistance constituted by the resistances 4.1 and 4.1 ′ and the resistance R4 being associated with its specific threshold resistance constituted by the resistors 4.2. and 4.2 '.
  • Each dividing bridge L1 and L2 will advantageously consisting of a double operational amplifier of power, or better yet, the two L1 dividing bridges and L2 will be integrated into a quad amplifier operational power and thus will only constitute than a single component of circuit 24.
  • the dividing bridges L1 and L2 are connected to an integrator 71 fictitiously isolated in FIG. 5 by a dotted perimeter.
  • the integrator 71 makes it possible to unblock the output comparators 53 and 54 only if the two variable resistors R 3 and R 4 have fallen below their respective threshold values for a predetermined period of time.
  • the integrator 71 will be constituted by a resistor 72 and by a capacitor 73.
  • the resistors R 3 and R 4 are very high, even infinite, the voltages V 2 and V 6 at the terminals of the input comparators 51 and 52 are close to the reference voltage supplied by the source 25 while the voltages V 3 and V 5 are substantially equal to half of this reference voltage.
  • the resistance R 3 becomes less than its threshold value 4.1 + 4.1 'and the resistance R 4 becomes less than its threshold value 4.2 + 4.2'.
  • the voltage V 6 becomes lower than the voltage V 5 while at the terminals of the input comparator 51 the voltage V 2 becomes less than the voltage V 3 .
  • the voltages V1 and V 7 on the one hand, V 10 and V 12 on the other hand then acquire sufficient values to make the diodes 55 and 56 passable insofar as the integrator 71 has unlocked the system.
  • the voltages V14 and V8 supplied by the output comparators are then sufficient to make the transistor 27 pass, the terminal 26b of the socket 26 is then connected to the terminal 25b of the source 25 and the socket 26 can distribute current.
  • the invention relates in this second case to a electrical contactor 121 intended to detect a immersion in a liquid medium.
  • This contactor 121 is consisting of a housing 122 comprising a compartment 123 liquid tight.
  • This compartment 123 contains an electronic circuit 124 interposed between a source 125 DC distribution and one outlet 126 current distribution.
  • Said electronic circuit 124 includes at least one connection component 127 which ensures the connection between the power source and the distribution outlet 126 only if sufficient voltage it is transmitted to it by the rest of the electronic circuit 124, the detailed description of which is given below in the description.
  • This connection component is advantageously a thyristor as shown in the figure 9.
  • the housing 122 includes a waterproof housing 128 for the source of direct current 125 which is advantageously constituted by a battery for applications intended for inflation inflatable tanks for the safety of goods or of people.
  • Said sealed compartment has a wall 129 immersion detection whose external face 130 is in direct contact with the liquid in which is immersed the contactor 121.
  • said electronic circuit 124 includes a first pair of electrodes 131 and 132 which pass through the wall of immersion detection 129.
  • the free end of each of these two electrodes is located on the external face 130 of the immersion detection wall 129 and the two electrodes 131 and 132 constitute a variable resistance Re depending on the nature of the medium, gaseous or liquid, being in contact with the so-called immersion detection wall 129.
  • electronic circuit 124 has a second pair of electrodes 133 and 134 whose ends are connected to a pressure sensor 135, one end of which passing through an opening 144, blocked by a seal seal 145 is located on the outer face 130 of the immersion detection wall 129, so as to generate a variable voltage Tp as a function of the pressure of the medium in contact with said immersion detection wall 129.
  • the sensor 135 has a free volume 140 which communicates with inside compartment 123.
  • the immersion detection wall 129 has a opening 147 closed by a microporous membrane 148 permeable to gases and impermeable to said liquid medium.
  • a microporous membrane 148 permeable to gases and impermeable to said liquid medium.
  • said microporous membrane 148 is chosen in the group consisting of hydrophobic membranes or oleophobic.
  • said membrane microporous 148 will include at least one layer of fibrous material of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • said detection wall immersion 129 can constitute an external face of the contactor 121; but according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the immersion detection wall 129 will protected by an outer cover 149 provided with openings 150 allowing a liquid to come into contact with said wall. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the openings 150 will advantageously be openings side so that the cover 149 can ensure complete frontal protection of the wall 129.
  • the electronic circuit 124 does not supply said component connection 127 enough tension to make it "on” only if the resistance Re and the voltage Tp have respectively crossed their own predetermined threshold.
  • This double condition implies that both the resistance between electrodes 131 and 132 i.e. sufficiently lowered by immersion of the latter in a predetermined liquid medium, and that the voltage Tp between electrodes 133 and 134 is also increased enough under pressure applied to the pressure sensor 135.
  • the current source continuous 125 with a positive terminal 125a and a negative terminal 125b as well as the distribution socket current 126 having a positive terminal 126a and a negative terminal 126b.
  • the positive terminal 126a of the socket current distribution is connected directly to the positive terminal 125a of the direct current source 125, while the negative terminal 126b of the socket distribution 126 is connected to the negative terminal 125b of the direct current source 125 via a thyristor 127 whose third terminal is connected on the electronic circuit 124 supplied with current continuous by source 125 as indicated in figure 9.
  • Thyristor 127 is protected against all overvoltages by the two capacitors 152, 153 and by resistance 154 connected in parallel to said thyristor 127.
  • the electronic circuit 124 comprises four independent modules: a power control H1, an oscillator H2, a signal detector H3 and a microphone amplifier H4, fictitiously isolated in FIG. 9 by dotted perimeters.
  • the modules H2, H3, and H4 can only be supplied with voltage if the electrical resistance prevailing between the electrodes 131 and 132 has reached its threshold level, for example less than 10 4 ohms.
  • the capacitors 152 and 153 as well as resistor 154 protect thyristor 127 from all nuisance overvoltages, especially during different energizations of circuit 124.
  • the H2 module, oscillator is advantageously consisting of an operational amplifier U4, two diodes 164 and 165, two capacitors 166 and 167, and five resistors 168, 169, 170, 171, 172 so as to supplying alternating current to said sensor pressure 135.
  • the value required to supply the pressure sensor 135, although not critical, requires an alternating voltage of 2V peak to peak for a frequency of 400 Hz, said signal, generated by the H2 oscillator, being moderated in power by the resistance 173 of module H3.
  • the H4 module, microphone amplifier differential is advantageously constituted by two operational amplifiers U1, U2, ten resistors 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, four capacitors 115, 116, 117, 118 so as to detect an increasing AC voltage proportional to the pressure to which the sensor 135 is subjected.
  • Said H4 module producing considerable differential gain greater than 500, resistance 194 allows adjustment of this gain in the case of another application instrumental.
  • the H3 module, signal detector is advantageously constituted by an amplifier operational U3, two diodes 119 and 120, the very low conduction thresholds are specific to detection very weak signals, two capacitors 151 and 104, and five resistors 100, 101, 173, 102, 103 so as to convert the amplified alternating voltage of the said pressure sensor 135 in continuous voltage.
  • the resistance Re prevailing between the electrodes 131 and 132, drops below the threshold value of 10 4 ohms so that the other three modules are switched on.
  • the nominal voltage of 3.6V controllable in TP4
  • the pressure sensor 135 connected in bridge of measurement, supplied with 400 Hz alternating current, generated by the H2 oscillator module, sends its signal to H4 high gain differential amplifier (higher 500).
  • This amplifier controls the diode detector H3 which converts the amplified AC voltage from pressure sensor 135 in DC voltage, this voltage being analyzed by comparator U3 which goes to the active state, this having the effect of activating the transistor 156 then thyristor 127, thus closing the distribution outlet 126.
  • the measuring bridge (sensor 135) is almost balanced so that the chain of H4-H3 detection only analyzes voltage variations very weak continuous, in this state of rest the comparator U3 remains at level 1 (3.6V controllable in TP3).
  • the measurement chain H3-H4 detects a increasing alternating voltage (verifiable in TP2) and when the trigger threshold of comparator U3 predetermined by resistors 194 and 195 is reached, this switches to state 0 (less than 0.5V controllable in TP3), transistor 156 and thyristor 127 of the power module are then activated putting thus the current distribution socket 126 under voltage.
  • the invention also relates to the use of contactors according to the invention in combination with a pyrotechnic device, and in particular a device pyrotechnics intended to inflate tanks inflatable, by connecting the distribution outlet on the pyrotechnic device.
  • FIG. 11 shows a contactor 121, according to the second preferred embodiment of the invention, the distribution outlet 126 of which is plugged into socket 74 of a pyrotechnic perforator 75.
  • the plug 74 is at least connected to the perforator pyrotechnic 75 by two conducting wires 76 and 77.
  • the pyrotechnic perforator 75 consists of a body cylindrical 78 crossed by an axial bore of diameter variable 79. At one end, this bore forms a combustion chamber containing a charge pyrotechnic 80 covered by an ignition bead 81 into which the wires 76 and 77 penetrate.
  • the combustion chamber is closed by a plug 82 and is extended by a nozzle 83 opening into a working chamber 84 in which a piston is housed 85 gas tight and extended by a hollow rod 86 bevel cut.
  • Working chamber 84 ends by a threaded opening 87 intended to receive a gas cartridge closed by a cover located in look of the rod 86.
  • a radial bore 88 puts in communication the lower part of the working chamber 84 in which the rod 86 moves with the outside. It is on this bore that the hose is connected. inflating the inflatable tank, for example the hose inflatable vest.

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  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Elektrischer Schalter (21; 121), der durch Eintauchen in ein flüssiges Milieu ausgelöst werden kann und ein Gehäuse (22; 122) aufweist, das ein Flüssigkeiten gegenüber dichtes Abteil (23; 123) besitzt, das einen elektronischen Schaltkreis (24; 124) enthält, der zwischen eine Gleichstromquelle (25; 125) und einen Stromverteileranschluß (26; 126) eingefügt ist, wobei der Schaltkreis mindestens ein Paar von Elektroden (31-32; 131-132) und ein Verbindungsbauteil (27; 127) aufweist, das die Verbindung zwischen der Quelle (25; 125) und dem Anschluß (26; 126) nur dann herstellt, wenn eine ausreichende Spannung an diesem Bauteil liegt, wobei das Abteil (23; 123) eine Wand zur Erkennung des Eintauchens (29; 129) mit einer Außenseite (30; 130) aufweist, die in direktem Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit steht, in die der Schalter (21; 121) eingetaucht ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    i) die freien Enden des Paars von Elektroden sich auf der Außenseite (30; 130) der Eintauchwand (29; 129) befinden, wobei die Elektroden somit einen Widerstand (R3; Re) bilden, der in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Milieus variabel ist, das mit dieser Wand in Kontakt steht,
    ii) der elektronische Schaltkreis (24; 124) ein zweites Paar von Elektroden (33-34; 133-134) aufweist, deren freie Enden mit einem Element (35; 135) verbunden sind, das für den auf es angewandten Druck empfindlich ist und von dem mindestens ein Teil sich auf der Außenseite (30; 130) der Eintauchwand (29; 129) befindet, um die Elektroden für den Druck des Milieus empfindlich zu machen, das mit dieser Wand in Kontakt steht,
    iii) die Wand zur Erkennung des Eintauchens (29; 129) eine Öffnung (47; 147) aufweist, die von einer für Gase durchlässigen und für das flüssige Milieu undurchlässigen, mikroporösen Membran (48; 148) verschlossen wird,
    iv) der elektronische Schaltkreis (24; 124) dem Verbindungsbauteil (27; 127) nur dann die ausreichende Spannung liefert, wenn jedes Elektrodenpaar eine vorbestimmte Schwellenüberschreitung seiner Betriebsparameter identifiziert hat.
  2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungsbauteil (27; 127) aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus den Halbleitern und den Relais besteht.
  3. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mikroporöse Membran (48; 148) aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus den wasserabweisenden und ölabweisenden Membranen besteht.
  4. Schalter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Membran (48; 148) mindestens eine Schicht eines Fasermaterials aus expandiertem Polytetrafluorethylen enthält.
  5. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (22; 122) einen dichten Raum (28; 128) für die Gleichstromquelle (25; 125) aufweist.
  6. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wand zur Erkennung des Eintauchens (29; 129) von einer äußeren Schutzhaube (49; 149) geschützt wird, die Öffnungen (50; 150) aufweist, welche es einer Flüssigkeit erlauben, mit dieser Wand in Kontakt zu gelangen.
  7. Schalter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die freien Enden des zweiten Elektrodenpaars (33-34) mit einem Krafterfassungswiderstand (35) verbunden sind, der auf der Außenseite (30) der Eintauchwand (29) angeordnet ist, um so einen Widerstand (R4) zu bilden, der in Abhängigkeit vom Druck des mit dieser Wand in Kontakt stehenden Milieus variabel ist,
    und daß der elektronische Schaltkreis (24) dem Verbindungsbauteil (27) nur dann die ausreichende Spannung liefert, wenn der Wert jedes der beiden variablen Widerstände (R3, R4) kleiner wird als ein eigener vorbestimmter Schwellwiderstand.
  8. Schalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungsbauteil (27) ein Transistor ist.
  9. Schalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektronische Schaltkreis zwei unabhängige Potentiometer-Teilerbrücken (L1, L2) aufweist, die mit dem Verbindungsbauteil (27) verbunden sind und je einen Eingangskomparator und einen Ausgangskomparator aufweisen, die durch eine Diode getrennt sind, wobei jede Brücke einen der beiden variablen Widerstände (R3, R4) enthält, der seinem Schwellwiderstand (4.1 + 4.1', 4.2 + 4.2') zugeordnet ist.
  10. Schalter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Teilerbrücke aus einem doppelten Leistungs-Operationsverstärker besteht.
  11. Schalter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Teilerbrücken (L1, L2) an einen Integrator (71) angeschlossen sind, der die Ausgangskomparatoren (53, 54) nur dann umschaltet, wenn die Werte der beiden variablen Widerstände (R3, R4) während eines vorbestimmten Zeitraums unter ihren Schwellwert gefallen sind.
  12. Schalter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Integrator (71) aus einem Widerstand (72) und einem Kondensator (73) besteht.
  13. Schalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftwiderstand (35) ein freies inneres Volumen (40) aufweist, das mit dem Inneren des dichten Abteils (23) in Verbindung steht.
  14. Schalter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die freien Enden des zweiten Elektrodenpaars (133-134) mit einer Druckmeßsonde (135) verbunden sind, deren empfindlicher Bereich sich auf der Außenseite (130) der Wand zur Erkennung des Eintauchens (129) befindet und die hauptsächlich aus zwei Wheatstone-Brücken besteht, die an den elektronischen Schaltkreis (124) angeschlossen sind und in Abhängigkeit von dem Druck modulierbar sind, der auf den empfindlichen Bereich ausgeübt wird, um so zwischen den Elektroden eine Spannung (Tp) zu erzeugen, die in Abhängigkeit vom Druck des Milieus variabel ist, das sich mit dieser Wand in Kontakt befindet,
    und daß dieser elektronische Schaltkreis (124) nur dann dem Verbindungsbauteil (127) die ausreichende Spannung liefert, wenn das erste Elektrodenpaar (131-132) einen elektrischen Widerstandswert (Re) identifiziert hat, der unter einem vorbestimmten Schwellwert liegt, und wenn das zweite Elektrodenpaar (133-134) eine Spannung Tp identifiziert hat, die höher ist als ein vorbestimmter Schwellwert.
  15. Schalter nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungsbauteil (127) ein Thyristor ist.
  16. Schalter nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektronische Schaltkreis (124) vier unterschiedliche Module aufweist: eine Leistungssteuerung (Hl), einen Oszillator (H2), einen Signaldetektor (H3) und einen Mikrophonverstärker (H4); wobei die Module Oszillator, Signaldetektor und Mikrophonverstärker (H2, H3 und H4) nur dann mit Spannung gespeist werden können, wenn der zwischen dem ersten Elektrodenpaar (131-132) herrschende elektrische Widerstand seinen Schwellwert erreicht hat.
  17. Schalter nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der das erste Paar von Elektroden (131 und 132) enthaltende Leistungssteuerungsmodul (H1) besteht aus: zwei Transistoren (155, 156), dem Thyristor (127), fünf Kondensatoren (152, 153, 159, 157, 158) und fünf Widerständen (160, 162, 161, 163, 154).
  18. Schalter nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Thyristor (127) durch zwei Kondensatoren (152, 154) und einen Widerstand (154), die mit dem Thyristor (127) verbunden sind, vor allen Überspannungen geschützt ist.
  19. Schalter nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Oszillatormodul (H2) aus einem Operationsverstärker (U4), zwei Dioden (164, 165), zwei Kondensatoren (167, 166) und fünf Widerständen (168, 169, 170, 171, 172) besteht, um die Druckmeßsonde (135) mit Wechselstrom zu versorgen.
  20. Schalter nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Signaldetektor-Modul (H3) aus einem Operationsverstärker (U3), zwei Dioden (119, 120), zwei Kondensatoren (151, 104) und fünf Widerständen (100, 101, 173, 102, 103) besteht, um die verstärkte Wechselspannung der Druckmeßsonde (135) in eine Gleichspannung umzuwandeln.
  21. Schalter nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modul des differentiellen Mikrophonverstärkers (H4) aus zwei Operationsverstärkern (U1, U2), zehn Widerständen (190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199), vier Kondensatoren (115, 116, 117, 118) besteht, um die von der Druckmeßsonde (135) übertragene Spannung zu verstärken.
  22. Schalter nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckmeßsonde (135) ein freies inneres Volumen (140) aufweist, das mit dem Inneren des dichten Abteils (123) in Verbindung steht.
  23. Verwendung eines Schalters nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stromverteileranschluß (26, 126) an eine pyrotechnische Vorrichtung angeschlossen ist.
  24. Verwendung nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die pyrotechnische Vorrichtung eine pyrotechnische Perforiervorrichtung (75) ist, die an eine Druckgas-Patrone gekoppelt ist.
  25. Verwendung nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die pyrotechnische Vorrichtung ein pyrotechnischer Gasgenerator ist.
EP96905911A 1995-03-10 1996-03-05 Elektrischer schalter mit doppeltem eintauchfühler Expired - Lifetime EP0815574B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9503076A FR2731554B1 (fr) 1995-03-10 1995-03-10 Contacteur electro-pressiostatique basse pression
FR9503076 1995-03-10
PCT/FR1996/000341 WO1996028834A1 (fr) 1995-03-10 1996-03-05 Contacteur electrique a double detection d'immersion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0815574A1 EP0815574A1 (de) 1998-01-07
EP0815574B1 true EP0815574B1 (de) 1999-06-02

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EP96905911A Expired - Lifetime EP0815574B1 (de) 1995-03-10 1996-03-05 Elektrischer schalter mit doppeltem eintauchfühler

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US (1) US5847473A (de)
EP (1) EP0815574B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69602730T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2731554B1 (de)
NO (1) NO974122L (de)
WO (1) WO1996028834A1 (de)

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DE202012012737U1 (de) * 2012-08-28 2013-09-24 Udo Langhammer Sicherungsvorrichtung für eine Person
US9800713B2 (en) 2014-09-12 2017-10-24 Hzo, Inc. Moisture detection response
US9939398B2 (en) 2014-09-12 2018-04-10 Hzo, Inc. Detecting moisture with an antenna
US10908057B2 (en) 2018-09-04 2021-02-02 Microchip Technology Incorporated Activating a submersible sensor based on electrode output, and related systems, methods and devices
CN112173130A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-05 中国直升机设计研究所 一种民用直升机应急漂浮控制装置及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE345242B (de) * 1968-12-09 1972-05-23 Saab Scania Ab
US3739673A (en) * 1972-01-12 1973-06-19 Mine Safety Appliances Co Water pressure actuated electric switch for cable cutter
FR2569305B1 (fr) * 1984-08-14 1986-12-19 Pyromeca Contacteur electrique declenchable par immersion et dispositif pyrotechnique utilisant un tel contacteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0815574A1 (de) 1998-01-07
US5847473A (en) 1998-12-08
NO974122D0 (no) 1997-09-08
DE69602730D1 (de) 1999-07-08
FR2731554B1 (fr) 1997-05-30
DE69602730T2 (de) 1999-09-30
FR2731554A1 (fr) 1996-09-13
WO1996028834A1 (fr) 1996-09-19
NO974122L (no) 1997-11-10

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