EP0174891B1 - Durch Untertauchung auslösbarer elektrischer Schalter, und eine, einen solchen Schalter benützende pyrotechnische Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Durch Untertauchung auslösbarer elektrischer Schalter, und eine, einen solchen Schalter benützende pyrotechnische Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0174891B1
EP0174891B1 EP19850401640 EP85401640A EP0174891B1 EP 0174891 B1 EP0174891 B1 EP 0174891B1 EP 19850401640 EP19850401640 EP 19850401640 EP 85401640 A EP85401640 A EP 85401640A EP 0174891 B1 EP0174891 B1 EP 0174891B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric switch
electrodes
filter
switch according
casing
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Expired
Application number
EP19850401640
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0174891A1 (de
Inventor
Franck Gérard Garde
Roger Anfosso
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Pyromeca Ste
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Pyromeca Ste
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/42—Switches operated by change of humidity

Definitions

  • the invention relates on the one hand to an electrical contactor, the closure of which is directly ensured by the aqueous medium in which the contactor is immersed, and on the other hand to a pyrotechnic device, in particular a gas generating device actuating a pyrotechnic system, of which the ignition uses such a contactor.
  • the contactor comprises at least two electrodes placed inside a housing which can be electrically connected by the aqueous medium, these electrodes being connected to an electronic circuit, preferably comprising at least one thyristor, the tripping threshold of which is reached when the aqueous medium connects the two electrodes, and, the pyrotechnic device triggered by immersion comprises such a contactor interposed between an electrical supply and the internal electrical resistance to the sensitive ignition composition of a pyrotechnic system.
  • FR-A-2025679 and FR-A-2025680 describe contactors which are used to trigger a pyrotechnic system for automatically inflating lifejackets.
  • the contactor does not form an independent element but is integrated in the pyrotechnic device whose internal surface of the casing constitutes one of the terminals of the contactor, this casing being pierced with free orifices allowing the penetration and the flow of the aqueous medium of immersion.
  • the other electrical terminal of the contactor is a cylindrical ferrule arranged inside the casing but at a sufficient distance so that humidity and water drops cannot establish a direct contactor between the two terminals.
  • the electronic circuit of such a contactor must have a high trigger threshold, but the conductance of a film of salt water may be higher than the conductance of a body of fresh water partially filling the interior of the housing, and it is practically impossible to adjust the threshold release to present a correct operating reliability in saline atmosphere and in fresh water, moreover the partial filling of the inside of the casing can occur in the case of a heavy rain or worse of a simple wave crest entering contact with the pyrotechnic device, especially if it is not strictly maintained in the vertical position.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain the tripping of the contactor only by a total immersion of a few seconds under a few decimetres of water, and this whatever the orientation of the pyrotechnic device and whatever the nature and the conductance of the immersion aqeux medium, any untimely triggering by projection or runoff of fresh or sea water being impossible.
  • the present invention is characterized in that, on the one hand, the housing of the electrical contactor comprises at least one opening closed by a filter of very low porosity which can only be crossed by the aqueous medium when the latter is in continuous overpressure, the simple contact of the aqueous medium with the filter does not allow this medium to pass through this filter, and in that, on the other hand, the two electrodes are located near the inner surface of the filter.
  • the porosity to be adopted depends on the material or materials constituting the filter as well as on the structure of this filter which can in particular be made of sintered material or of fibrous material. Filter suppliers do not always have the data to select the filters that may be suitable in the context of the present invention, and this selection itself depends on the permissible overpressure so that the aqueous medium passes through the fluid within the required time, the selection is all the more rigorous as this overpressure is low. Only very low porosity filters can be used, but when the aqueous medium must pass through the filter with an overpressure of less than 10,000 Pa (0.1 bar) in less than 10 seconds, it is desirable to carry out a double permeability test of the filter.
  • the first test consists in placing the filter horizontally under a shower head, located 2 meters above, and the size of the holes and the flow rate correspond to a heavy rainstorm; under these most unfavorable conditions, water must not pass through the filter, even after half an hour of artificial rain.
  • the second test much simpler and much more repetitive, consists in immersing a transparent container at a given depth in the aqueous medium, the only opening of which is closed by the filter, and to note the time after which the droplets appear on the internal face. of the filter, the detection of this appearance can be facilitated by a very slight partial deposition on this internal face of a color-changing reagent in the presence of water.
  • the filter has a porosity of a few micrometers and can only be crossed by the aqueous medium when the latter is at a pressure whose value is at least 1000 Pa (0.01 bar) greater than the pressure value which prevails in the internal chamber of the contactor, this filter comprising at least one layer of sintered material or one layer of fibrous material, in particular polymer fibers, the mixed filters being very suitable.
  • the electrodes are substantially parallel to the interior surface of the filter and the distance between the electrodes is less than 2 millimeters so that a single drop can establish contact, the distance between the electrodes and this surface internal being itself less than 3 or 4 millimeters, the contact being able to be thus established while the drops of the aqueous medium are not yet completely formed on this internal surface and still adhere to this surface.
  • the two electrodes are branched and nested parallel to each other, so that contact can be established in any zone of appearance of drops of the aqueous medium on the interior surface of the filter, and on the other hand the distance between the electrodes and this interior surface is adjustable, in particular by screwing.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment consists in that the electrodes belong to the same printed circuit, each electrode can be constituted by a peripheral element in a semicircle, a substantially radial element and a bundle of substantially parallel branches.
  • the electronic circuit can then be directly placed on the face of the printed circuit opposite to the face carrying the electrodes, in particular when this circuit is reduced to a thyristor and a capacitor.
  • the contactor housing is dimensioned so that the ratio (V / S) between the volume of the internal chamber of the contactor and the total opening surface of the housing is less than 6, a wide opening facilitating the penetration of the aqueous immersion medium, which is limited by the back pressure prevailing in the internal chamber since the internal air compresses when the contactor is immersed in an aqueous medium.
  • a small volume of the internal chamber is sufficient, and a volume of less than 10 cm 3 makes it possible to obtain practically all the triggering pressures between a thousand and a few hundred thousand Pascal (0.01 bar and a few bars), by choosing a thicker and lower porosity filter for the highest pressures, and adapting the distance between the electrodes and the internal face of the filter for the lowest pressures.
  • the present invention also relates to a pyrotechnic device triggered by immersion, which comprises an electrical supply and a pyrotechnic system, in particular a pyrotechnic mechanism or a gas generator assembly, the sensitive composition of which is ignited by means of an internal electrical resistance, and which is characterized in that the electrical switch triggered by immersion has the technical characteristics mentioned above.
  • the contactor housing on the one hand constitutes the housing of an electric cell, and on the other hand comprises a bore in which the pyrotechnic charge is positioned, this bore extending through an exhaust orifice combustion gases from the pyrotechnic charge to the pyrotechnic system.
  • the contactor housing consists of two cylindrical elements mounted one inside the other and the electric cell is fixed in the interior element of the housing by an overmolding of insulating material which simultaneously allows the setting and the necessary sealing.
  • the contactor has substantially the same tripping characteristics whatever the nature of the aqueous medium, fresh water or sea water, since it is the continuous overpressure of this aqueous medium which will allow triggering, such a feature being advantageous in particular for the life jackets of aviators or parachutists whose pyrotechnic inflation devices must be able to be actuated whatever the nature of the aqueous medium.
  • the electrical contactor does not trigger the inflation of the life jacket if the paratrooper only lands in a shallow water area, hence the advantage of the invention which only allows tripping if a continuous overpressure equivalent to 50 cm or 1 m of water is reached.
  • the condition for applying a continuous overpressure is particularly advantageous, since it makes it possible, for example, either to prevent the life jacket of a sailor from being automatically inflated as soon as a wave crest hits it, or when a device triggered by immersion is activated by heavy rain, regardless of the orientation of the detector and the device.
  • the contactor according to the invention therefore avoids any untimely tripping while allowing the main tripping conditions which are the value of the excess pressure of the aqueous triggering medium and the duration of application of this excess pressure to be adjusted.
  • FIG. 1 which corresponds to the preferred application of the electrical contactor according to the invention, represents a particular device making it possible to perforate the cover of a reserve of pressurized gas, which is not shown, but which is screwed into the thread (15) of the receiver system (12b) shown in broken lines.
  • the assembly of this FIG. 1 represents a pyrotechnic perforator triggerable by immersion particularly suitable for use with a life jacket which is inflatable automatically in the event of sufficient immersion.
  • the housing (3) is constituted by a first internal cylindrical element (3a) fitted into a second cylindrical element (3b), these two elements fixed to each other providing an internal chamber (6) which extends transversely under the cover (3c) of the housing.
  • This cover which is glued or welded by friction to the internal element (3a) encloses the filter (5) which comprises two discs of porous material, the external disc being a stainless steel membrane with an average porosity of 15 micrometers, and the inner disc being a felt of compacted polytetrafluoroethylene fibers.
  • the inner element (3a) of the housing is closed by a disc-shaped printed circuit (7) which adheres to the two-component filling resin (8).
  • This resin immobilizes and fixes on the one hand the electronic circuit (4) mounted on the internal face of this printed circuit and on the other hand a cylindrical battery (11) Iithium / Mn02 delivering a voltage of approximately 3.3 V, the wiring between all these active elements being defined in FIG. 3, and the two connection conductors (9a) and (9b) leaving the filling resin (8).
  • These two conductors are connected to an igniter 12a) constituted by an igniter whose pearl of sensitive composition coats the igniting filament (13 - fig. 4), and by gas-generating powder contained in a metallic envelope.
  • the igniter (12a) is housed in the axial bore of the two cylindrical elements (3a) and (3b) of the housing, the three constituent parts of this housing being made of polyamide filled with fiberglass, and the external element ( 3b) of the housing is screwed into the receiving mechanism (12b) which is metallic and which is provided with an exhaust orifice (10) for combustion gases, temporarily closed by a cover.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the printed circuit (7) on which the electrodes are arranged, and the lower surface of the fibrous layer of the filter (5) is 2 mm, and the two components fixed on the lower face of this printed circuit are a thyristor (4a) and a capacitor (4b).
  • the thyristor (4a) behaves like a power switch which can be triggered when a positive voltage is applied to its trigger, even with a very small trigger power, the ignition currents according to the thyristors being of the order of 0.2 to 0.5 mA.
  • the capacitor (4b) has a capacity of 1 nanofarad and the electrodes (1) and (2) of the printed circuit are branched and nested parallel to each other, the resistor (13) corresponding to the internal filament of the pyrotechnic composition sensitive.
  • each of these electrodes being constituted by a peripheral element in a semicircle (1a, 2a) a substantially radial element (1b, 2b) and a beam ( 1c, 2c) of parallel branches which are spaced 1 mm apart.
  • the opening of the casing (3) of the pyrotechnic perforator is advantageously protected by a cover (not shown), the porosity of the filter being an important operating condition which implies the cleanliness of this filter.
  • the perforator In the operational position, the perforator is in the state shown in Figure 1, its orientation can be absolutely arbitrary.
  • the very low porosity of the filter which is in the example 15 to 30 [tm, for a total thickness of 2 mm, prevents any penetration of water through this filter.
  • the water penetrates only partially and very slowly into the filter and no triggering of the perforator occurs within ten minutes.
  • the perforator is triggered within 5 to 10 seconds which corresponds to the time necessary for at least one drop of water forms partially on the internal surface of the filter and touches two contiguous ramifications of the electrodes, this very low conductance contact being sufficient to trigger the thyristor (4a) which then connects the battery (11) to the setting filament (13) fire.
  • the combustion gases from the igniter (12a) then break the cover of the exhaust orifice (10) and propel the beveled axis (16), the tip of which tears open the cover of the reserve of compressed gas secured to the perforator by means of the thread (15), this compressed gas escaping through a network of pipes to a device for use such as an inflatable life jacket.
  • FIG. 2 is specific to an electrical contactor not integrated in a pyrotechnic device, this independent contactor being very easily adjustable, on the one hand by varying the distance between the internal surface of the filter (25) and the network of electrodes of the circuit printed (27), and on the other hand by means of a set of filters having different porosities staggered between 3 and 50 micrometers.
  • the internal chamber (26) could be of variable volume, which would allow an additional adjustment of the depth and of the immersion time to close the electrical contactor, this variable chamber being able to be produced by means of a housing (23) in two parts which would be screwed into each other and which would be provided with an O-ring as waterproofing.
  • the housing (23) of the contactor is integral and metallic and comprises, on the one hand a high internal thread in which is mounted the filter support (25), and on the other hand in the lower part an insulating shutter which molds the two pins (30a) and (30b) for connecting the contactor.
  • the electrodes have the same arrangement as that described previously with reference to FIG. 4, but the printed circuit (27) has a cup shape in which the thyristor (4a), the capacitor (4b) and the cables take place.
  • the electrical diagram corresponds to that of FIG. 3, the pins (30a) and (30b) being located on either side of the assembly constituted by the electrical supply (11) and by the user elements (13).

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Claims (20)

1. Elektrisches Schütz, das durch Eintauchen auslösbar ist, mit wenigstens zwei Elektroden (1) und (2), die im Inneren eines Gehäuses (3, 23) angeordnet und durch das wasserhaltige Milieu, in dem das Schütz eingetaucht ist, elektrisch miteinander verbunden werden können, wobei die Elektroden mit einem elektronischen Schaltkreis (4) verbunden sind, der vorzugsweise wenigstens eine Thyristor (4a) aufweist, dessen Auslöseschwelle erreicht ist, wenn das wasserhaltige Milieu die beiden Elektroden (1) und (2) miteinander verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einerseits das Gehäuse (3) wenigstens eine Öffnung aufweist, die durch einen Filter (5, 25) verschlossen ist, der von dem wasserhaltigen Milieu nur durchdrungen werden kann, wenn sich dieser unter einem Druck befindet, dessen Wert um wenigstens 1000 Pa (0,01 bar) grösser ist als der Druckwert, der in der inneren Kammer (6, 26) des Schützes vorherrscht, und dass andererseits der Abstand zwischen den beiden Elektroden (1) oder (2) und der inneren Oberfläche des Filters (5, 25) geringer ist als 3 mm.
2. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filter (5, 25) eine Porosität von einigen Mikrometern aufweist.
3. Elektrisches Schütz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filter (5, 25) wenigstens eine Schicht aus gesintertem Material aufweist.
4. Elektrisches Schütz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filter (5, 25) wenigstens eine Schicht aus faserartigem Material aufweist.
5. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (1) und (2) sich im wesentlichen parallel zur inneren Oberfläche des Filters (5, 25) erstrecken.
6. Elektrisches Schütz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand zwischen den Elektroden (1) und (2) geringer als 2 mm ist.
7. Elektrisches Schütz nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (1) und (2) verzweigt und parallel verschachtelt zueinander angeordnet sind.
8. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand zwischen den Elektroden (1) oder (2) und der inneren Oberfläche des Filters (5, 25) einstellbar ist.
9. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (1) und (2) zu einem selben gedruckten Schaltkreis (7, 27) gehören.
10. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Elektrode (1) und (2) aus einem halbkreisförmigen Umfangselement (1a, 2a), einem im wesentlichen radialen Element (1b, 2b) und einem Bündel (1c, 2c) von im wesentlichen parallelen Verzweigungen gebildet ist.
11. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektronische Schaltkreis (4) direkt auf der Seite des gedruckten Schaltkreises (7) angeordnet ist, die der die Elektroden (1) und (2) tragenden Seite gegenüberliegt.
12. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektronische Schaltkreis (4) auf einen Thyristor (4a) und einen Kondensator (4b) reduziert ist.
13. Elektrisches Schütz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis (V/S) zwischen dem Volumen der innerren Kammer (6) des Schützes und der Gesamtoberfläche der Öffnung des Gehäuses (3) geringer als 6 ist.
14. Elektrisches Schütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Volumen der inneren Kammer (6) geringer als 10 cm3 ist.
15. Pyrotechnische Vorrichtung mit einem durch Eintauchen auslösbaren elektronischen Schütz, einer elektrischen Zuführung (11) und einem pyrotechnischen System (12a, 12b), dessen empfindliche Verbindung bzw. Zusammensetzung mittels eines inneren elektrischen Widerstandes (13) zum Brennen gebracht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das durch Eintauchen auslösbare elektrische Schütz mit einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche übereinstimmt.
16. Pyrotechnische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (3) des Schützes die Aufnahme einer elektrischen Batterie (11) bildet.
17. Pyrotechnische Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (3) des Schützes eine Ausnehmung aufweist, in der die pyrotechnische Charge (12a) angeordnet ist, wobei die Ausnehmung sich durch eine Verbrennungsgasaustrittsöffnung der pyrotechnischen Charge zu dem Aufnahmesystem (12b) verlängert.
18. Pyrotechnische Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (3) des Schützen durch zwei zylindrische Elemente (3a) und (3b) gebildet ist, wobei das eine in dem anderen angeordnet ist.
19. Pyrotechnische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Batterie (11) in dem inneren Element (3a) des Gehäuses durch ein Überformen bzw. einen Überguss aus isolierendem Material (14) festgelegt ist.
EP19850401640 1984-08-14 1985-08-13 Durch Untertauchung auslösbarer elektrischer Schalter, und eine, einen solchen Schalter benützende pyrotechnische Vorrichtung Expired EP0174891B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8412780 1984-08-14
FR8412780A FR2569305B1 (fr) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Contacteur electrique declenchable par immersion et dispositif pyrotechnique utilisant un tel contacteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0174891A1 EP0174891A1 (de) 1986-03-19
EP0174891B1 true EP0174891B1 (de) 1989-02-08

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EP19850401640 Expired EP0174891B1 (de) 1984-08-14 1985-08-13 Durch Untertauchung auslösbarer elektrischer Schalter, und eine, einen solchen Schalter benützende pyrotechnische Vorrichtung

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EP (1) EP0174891B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3568235D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2569305B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3712404A1 (de) * 1987-04-11 1988-10-20 Krups Stiftung Schutzeinrichtung fuer elektrisch betriebene geraete
FR2731554B1 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1997-05-30 Roger Anfosso Contacteur electro-pressiostatique basse pression

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH459827A (de) * 1967-06-30 1968-07-15 Haeny & Cie Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung
SE327924B (de) * 1968-12-09 1970-08-31 Saab Ab
CH532395A (de) * 1972-03-21 1973-01-15 Dolder Willy Monitor für Bettnässer

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FR2569305B1 (fr) 1986-12-19
DE3568235D1 (en) 1989-03-16
EP0174891A1 (de) 1986-03-19
FR2569305A1 (fr) 1986-02-21

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