EP0806609B1 - Gasheizkessel mit schwingender Verbrennung - Google Patents

Gasheizkessel mit schwingender Verbrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0806609B1
EP0806609B1 EP97450007A EP97450007A EP0806609B1 EP 0806609 B1 EP0806609 B1 EP 0806609B1 EP 97450007 A EP97450007 A EP 97450007A EP 97450007 A EP97450007 A EP 97450007A EP 0806609 B1 EP0806609 B1 EP 0806609B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
inlet
explosion
boiler according
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97450007A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0806609A1 (de
Inventor
Cécilio Arribas
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Muller et Cie SA
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Muller et Cie SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/205—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with furnace tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pulsed combustion boilers, the operating principle has been known for a long time but the implementation of which practice still poses delicate technological problems.
  • This type of boiler notably uses liquid fuel such as fuel oil but can also work with solid fuel, namely coal or pulverulent wood, and with gaseous fuel, is likely to many applications.
  • solid fuel namely coal or pulverulent wood
  • gaseous fuel is likely to many applications.
  • this heating mode which is the noise and vibration generated by pulsed combustion and is very difficult to control and maintain below regulatory constraints or anti-noise comfort.
  • the pulsed combustion burners have performances very interesting thermal, they are in return the seat of phenomena of resonance generating noises and vibrations that are very difficult to confine within permissible ranges without concomitantly substantially reducing the performance or suffocate without disproportionately increasing both the size and cost of installation.
  • a pulsating combustion boiler comprising a heating body with three compartments of air respectively oxidizer, water to be heated in which a burner assembly is immersed and a heat exchanger and expansion system for combustion gases.
  • a such a boiler is a source of unwanted noise and vibration.
  • the invention therefore aims to generally provide a boiler of the pulsed combustion type, with a low noise level in operation while maintaining very good performance.
  • the invention relates to a pulsed combustion boiler for the supply of hot water according to the first claim.
  • the intake chamber is crossed axially by a rod carrying a spark plug and extending in the explosion chamber by a collar located at a distance from the end of the chamber of admission and ensuring the triple functions of: constitution of a hot spot of ignition of the combustible mixture, establishment of an optimal flow of gas flow, creation of an explosion protection screen towards the chamber of admission.
  • the room of explosion extending the intake chamber has a tulip shape coaxial with this last and its circular outlet orifice is provided with said openwork structure consisting for example of a grid, mesh or the like.
  • the envelope of the so-called chamber expansion has a tulip shape in parallel with the envelope of said chamber explosion, the end wall of the expansion chamber being arranged substantially parallel to the plane of said perforated structure and being curved towards the exterior and opening of communication orifices with said exchange conduits thermal.
  • the communication orifices of said conduits are regularly distributed near the periphery of said end wall of the chamber expansion, however that the starting sections of the conduits are substantially directed to the center of the explosion chamber.
  • Such a boiler is remarkably noisy while presenting a combustion efficiency unmatched by current boiler types and capable of reach 106% on PCI. It is also non-polluting, robust and maintenance simplified and does not require a chimney because the exhaust fumes are low temperature and pressure sufficient to allow the use of simple tubes outlet, for example PVC.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown diagrammatically in vertical section, the assembly of a pulsed combustion boiler according to the invention, intended for the supply of domestic hot water and / or heating.
  • This assembly enclosed in a cowling 1, comprises a body of heater 2, intake 3 and exhaust 4.
  • the intake pot 3 receives combustion air and gas delivered by a valve 5 of an external gas supply pipe 6 and is connected by a line 7 at the upper part of the heating body 2.
  • the general structure of the intake pot 3 is conventional and made up a compartmentalized volume using an internal baffle system 8.
  • a the end opposite the air and gas inlet, a fan 9 driven by a motor outdoor electric 10 is responsible for brewing and forcing the mixture towards the line 7, at the time of starting the boiler, in the known manner.
  • the exhaust 4 is also of known structure and is simply a volume compartmentalized by internal baffles 11, connected to its part lower than the lower part of the heating body 2 via a line 12 and at its upper end to a pipe 13 for evacuating smoke outside the cowling 1, these fumes being of course taken up by a pipe (not shown) of discharge outside the boiler room.
  • the lower end of the pot 4 forms a condensate tank provided with a orifice 14 for evacuation outside the cowling 1, via a pipe 15, said orifice being closed by a float valve 16.
  • the cowling 1 also includes an air inlet 17.
  • the heating body 1 is a vertical cylindrical enclosure divided into three compartments superimposed by internal partitions 18 and 19.
  • the intermediate compartment 22, delimited between the two above-mentioned partitions 18 and 19, is connected, at its lower end, to a cold water inlet pipe 23 and, at its upper end, to a pipe 24 for leaving hot water.
  • the heating body comprises (FIG. 2) a burner assembly with a vertical axis, fixed to the partition 18 and comprising an intake valve 25, a so-called chamber intake 26, generally cylindrical in shape with a vertical axis, a so-called chamber explosion 27 arranged in the extension below the intake chamber and a so-called expansion chamber 28 arranged in the extension below the explosion chamber 27.
  • the intake valve 25 is conventional and shown in more detail on Figure 3.
  • It comprises a deformable annular washer 29 disposed opposite a series of holes 30 formed in a circular plate 31 separating the chamber from decoupling 20 of the intake chamber 26, itself delimited by a part vertical tubular 32 whose upper end has a flange 33 of fixing the plate 31.
  • the part 32 is fixed to the partition 18 with the interposition of an O-ring 34.
  • a vertical rod hollow 35 Inside which partly upstream of the chamber 26 is arranged a electric spark plug 36, powered by an electric cord 37 and generating sparks between a central stud and the surrounding wall of the rod 35, perforated in 38 so that the sparks igniting the mixture (arrows 39) introduced into the chamber 26 by the annular valve 29 (in the open position 29 'in FIG. 3).
  • valve (29, 30) The structure of the valve (29, 30) is conventional and does not need to be described in more detail in its nature and operation.
  • the arrangement of the candle 36 (in itself conventional) to the inside of the rod 35 is a characteristic of the invention, as is the extension 40 outside the inlet chamber 26 of the end of the rod 35, extension 40 which is in the form of a flange with a surface 41 of revolution at evolving curvature ensuring optimal flow of gas flows between the chamber intake 26 and the underlying explosion chamber 27.
  • the collar 40 which is for example, like the rod 35, made of stainless steel, also constitutes a hot point of ignition of the gases in the chamber explosion 27, this hot spot maintaining the sequence of brief combustions, characteristic of the pulsating burner, after starting by the spark plug start 36.
  • the flange 40 also acts as an anti-rising explosion screen in direction of the admission chamber 26.
  • the explosion chamber 27 is preferably tulip-shaped, that is to say delimited by a hemispherical envelope 42 integral with the tubular part 32 on which it is threaded, and extended by a cylindrical part 43 coaxial with the chamber 26 and carrying in the vicinity of its lower circular edge an openwork structure 44 the plane of which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the chambers 26, 27.
  • Structure 44 for example a grid, mesh or the like, made of material refractory or stainless steel, is intended to stiffen the end of the envelope 42, 43 and to avoid resonance and therefore the vibrations of the latter.
  • the expansion chamber 28 is preferably also in the shape of a tulip, that is to say bounded by a hemispherical envelope 45 integral with the part tubular 32 and extended by a cylindrical part 46, the envelope 45, 46 surrounding the envelope 42, 43 at a distance.
  • the bottom 47 closing the envelope 42, 43 is in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the elements 32, 42, 43 and is slightly curved towards outside. In the vicinity of the periphery of the bottom 47 are drilled holes 48 regularly distributed and into which interchange conduits 49 open thermal.
  • the burner assembly 50 and the heat exchange assembly 51 are immersed in the water to be heated present in compartment 22.
  • the outlets 52 of the conduits 49 pitted on the bottom 47 are preferably directed towards the center of the explosion chamber 27.
  • the conduits 49 are of a generally arranged in a helix 53, the conduits being simple or split and surrounding a cylindrical extension 54 of the expansion chamber 21 in which open said conduits.
  • This operation is characterized by a continuous series of combustions brief analogous to that generated in a diesel engine and developing at regular self-sustaining intervals.
  • the role of the intake pot 3 is to supply the burner with the necessary quantity air-gas mixture.
  • the fan 10, as well as the spark plug 36, are used only for start-up, the first to ensure a first gas mixture sweep allowing the burner to start up, the second to ignite the first time mixture introduced into the intake chamber 26 via the valve 25 actuated under the pressure of the mixture sent by the fan.
  • each combustion generated in the burner will create during exhaust conditions of establishment upstream of the combustion chamber a depression causing the opening of the intake valve thus allowing the introduction into said chamber of a new quantity of combustible mixture which will in turn be compressed by the exhaust gas pressure return and inflamed, the valve closing during this compression.
  • the boiler shown and described above implements this principle, but in a geometric context of the burner 50-exchanger 51 assembly and thanks to a arrangement of the ignition elements of the mixture (36.40) such as the continuous operation of the boiler operates at a noise level remarkably low both in terms of noise generated and vibrations. And this while obtaining an excellent thermal efficiency of up to 106% on PCI.
  • the shape and arrangement of the rod 35-candle 36-point assembly attachment 40 contribute to optimal filling of the explosion chamber 27.
  • the inverted tulip shape of the envelope 43 of the explosion chamber 27 ensures, in combination with the non-return collar 40 and the anti-vibration structure 44, combustion with transfer of gases optimally in the expansion chamber 28 in extension of the so-called explosion chamber 27.
  • the structure 44 is responsible both for stiffening the end of the envelope 43 to limit its resonance likely to create noise and vibration.
  • the structure 44 also provides a filtering and damping function during gas flow movements, both during combustion, gas flow flowing from chamber 27 to chamber 28 and during compression of a new quantity of combustible mixture in chamber 27, the gas flows then operating from chamber 28 to chamber 27.
  • the role of the chamber 20, called decoupling, the dimensioning, linked to that of conduit 7, is optimized to improve the performance of the boiler and phasing the pulsating flow of supply and demand for fuel mixture.
  • expansion chamber 21 which allows to absorb the succession of pulsed flows from the exchanger 51 by phasing the intake and extraction flow via conduit 12.
  • the device 55 comprises a rod 56 integral with the collar 33, a head 57 screwed to the end of the rod 56, a spring 58 interposed between the head 57 and a free washer 59 placed on plate 31.
  • the plate 31 can be lifted from the collar 33 slightly in line with the device 55.
  • several of these devices 55 are provided at the periphery of the plate 31, between two screws 60 of fixing the latter on the flange 33.
  • the fumes from the exhaust 4 are at low temperature, around 80 ° C, and under sufficient pressure, which allows the use at the outlet of boiler with a single pipe, for example polyvinyl chloride, up to several meters, for a release to the atmosphere, thus avoiding the forecast of a fireplace.
  • the boiler is non-polluting because the combustion chamber is submerged does not generate any evacuation. There are also no unburnt, nor soot.
  • the set is also robust and easy to maintain, the only organ mobile being the inlet valve 29 and no fouling occurring.
  • the metal elements are preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the operating frequency of the boiler is around from 70 to 78 pulses per second.
  • the usable fuel is gas, but a pulverulent solid fuel, such as coal, can also be used, the air-fuel mixture intake circuit in the burner intake chamber being fitted accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Kessel mit pulsierender Verbrennung zur Lieferung heißen Wassers, wobei der Kessel von dem Typ ist, der ein Heizelement (2) umfaßt, das mit einem Einströmbehälter (3) und einem Ausströmbehälter (4) versehen ist und aus einem Raum gebildet ist, der in drei Zonen (20, 21, 22) getrennt ist, wovon eine (20) mit dem Einströmbehälter (3) verbunden ist und wovon eine zweite (21) mit dem Ausströmbehälter (4) verbunden ist und eine Entspannungskammer für das Verbrennungsgas bildet, wobei die dritte Zone (22), die zwischen die beiden anderen eingefügt ist, ein Wärmetauschersystem (51) sowie eine Brennerbaueinheit (50) umfaßt, die durch das Wärmetauschersystem (51) mit dem Ausströmbehälter (4) verbunden ist, wobei das Wärmetauschersystem (51) in das aufzuheizende Wasser eingetaucht ist und aus mehreren Leitungen (49) gebildet ist, die in axialer Verlängerung der Brenner-Tauscher-Baueinheit schraubenlinienförmig angeordnet sind und dabei eine Verlängerung (54) der Entspannungskammer (21) umgeben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Zone (20) eine sogenannte Entkopplungskammer bildet und mit einer Einströmkammer (26), die mit einer Startvorrichtung (36) versehen ist, über ein Einströmventil (25) mit ringförmiger Klappe (29) in Verbindung steht, daß die Einströmkammer (26) in eine Brennkammer mündet, die aus einer sogenannten Explosionskammer (27), die an ihrem der Einströmkammer (26) gegenüberliegenden Ende offen ist, einer durchlochten Struktur (44) zur Versteifung und Schwingungsunterdrückung, die an dem offenen Ende der Explosionskammer befestigt ist, und einer sogenannten Expansionskammer (28), die in der Verlängerung der Explosionskammer (27) angeordnet und durch eine Hülle (46) definiert ist, die durch ein Teil (45) verlängert ist, das sich in einem Abstand von der Hülle (42, 43) der Explosionskammer (27) befindet, gebildet ist, und daß die mehreren Leitungen (49) die Expansionskammer (28) mit der Entspannungskammer (21) verbinden.
  2. Kessel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch die Einströmkammer (26) axial ein Stift (35) verläuft, der eine Zündkerze (36) trägt und in die Explosionskammer (27) durch einen Flansch (40) verlängert ist, der sich in einem Abstand vom Ende der Einströmkammer (26) befindet und die drei folgenden Funktionen gewährleistet: Bildung eines heißen Punkts für die Entzündung des brennbaren Gemisches, Bildung einer optimalen Strömung der Gasströme und Bildung eines Schirms, der den Aufstieg der Explosion zur Einströmkammer (26) verhindert.
  3. Kessel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Explosionskammer (27), die in die Einströmkammer (26) verlängert ist, die Form eines Trichters hat, der zu dieser letzteren koaxial ist und dessen kreisförmige Ausgangsmündung mit der durchlochten Struktur (44) versehen ist.
  4. Kessel nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durchlochte Struktur (44) die Form eines Gitters, eines Rostes oder dergleichen hat.
  5. Kessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülle (45, 46) der sogenannten Expansionskammer (28) die Form eines Trichters hat, der zur Hülle (42, 43) der Explosionskammer (27) parallel ist.
  6. Kessel nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stirnwand (47) der Expansionskammer (28) im wesentlichen parallel zur Ebene der durchlochten Struktur (44) angeordnet ist, nach außen ausgebaucht ist und von Öffnungen (48) für die Verbindung mit den Wärmetauscherleitungen (49) durchsetzt ist.
  7. Kessel nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (48) für die Verbindung mit den Leitungen (49) in der Nähe des Umfangs der Stirnwand (47) der Expansionskammer (28) regelmäßig verteilt sind.
  8. Kessel nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anfangsteilstücke (52) der Leitungen (49) im wesentlichen zur Mitte der Explosionskammer (27) gerichtet sind.
  9. Kessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einströmventil (25) wenigstens eine Vorrichtung (55) zur elastischen Dämpfung der Platte (31), die als Sitz für die Einströmklappe (29) dient, umfaßt und zwischen die Platte (31) und den Träger (33) dieser letzteren eingefügt ist.
EP97450007A 1996-05-09 1997-05-09 Gasheizkessel mit schwingender Verbrennung Expired - Lifetime EP0806609B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9606117A FR2748556B1 (fr) 1996-05-09 1996-05-09 Chaudiere a combustion pulsatoire
FR9606117 1996-05-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0806609A1 EP0806609A1 (de) 1997-11-12
EP0806609B1 true EP0806609B1 (de) 2001-08-16

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EP97450007A Expired - Lifetime EP0806609B1 (de) 1996-05-09 1997-05-09 Gasheizkessel mit schwingender Verbrennung

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EP (1) EP0806609B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE204370T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69706094T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0806609T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2162669T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2748556B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2896306B1 (fr) * 2006-01-16 2008-04-04 Muller Et Cie Sa Installation de chauffage domestique et/ou de production d'eau chaude sanitaire
FR2936299B1 (fr) * 2008-09-25 2010-12-24 Muller & Cie Soc Chaudiere pulsatoire avec vanne a clapet
FR2936300B1 (fr) * 2008-09-25 2010-10-22 Muller & Cie Soc Chaudiere pulsatoire
RU186210U1 (ru) * 2018-03-27 2019-01-11 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Энергоресурс" Отопительный котел с верхней подачей твердого топлива

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB386908A (en) * 1932-08-16 1933-01-26 Marco Barbera Improvements in impulse and reaction engines
FR1279135A (fr) * 1961-02-09 1961-12-15 Lucas Industries Ltd Chauffe-eau
US3267985A (en) * 1964-03-12 1966-08-23 John A Kitchen Pulse combustion apparatus
JPS59189206A (ja) * 1983-04-08 1984-10-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd パルス燃焼器
JPS60232404A (ja) * 1984-05-02 1985-11-19 Toshiba Corp パルス燃焼装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69706094T2 (de) 2002-06-06
DK0806609T3 (da) 2001-11-26
EP0806609A1 (de) 1997-11-12
ATE204370T1 (de) 2001-09-15
DE69706094D1 (de) 2001-09-20
FR2748556B1 (fr) 1998-08-07
FR2748556A1 (fr) 1997-11-14
ES2162669T3 (es) 2002-01-01

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