EP0799365B1 - Pendelkolbenmotor und pendelkolbenkompressor - Google Patents
Pendelkolbenmotor und pendelkolbenkompressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0799365B1 EP0799365B1 EP95940939A EP95940939A EP0799365B1 EP 0799365 B1 EP0799365 B1 EP 0799365B1 EP 95940939 A EP95940939 A EP 95940939A EP 95940939 A EP95940939 A EP 95940939A EP 0799365 B1 EP0799365 B1 EP 0799365B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- rocking
- cylinder head
- cylinder
- crankshaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
- F01B9/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
- F01B9/026—Rigid connections between piston and rod; Oscillating pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
- F01B11/004—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction
- F01B2011/005—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction with oscillating pistons, i.e. the pistons are arranged in ring like cylinder sections and oscillate with respect to the center of the ring
Definitions
- the present pendulum piston engine is the result of one decades, partly carried out with the ETH Zurich Research and development in theory and practice. Their goal was, in terms of simplicity, compactness, weight, Construction costs, smooth running, elasticity, consumption, Pollutant content, maintenance and recycling crucial To achieve advantages. Applications of any size and Arrangement appear sensible everywhere, with land, water and aircraft even indispensable to their necessary To make downsizing and simplification possible in the first place.
- the piston crown 1 is on a Circular cylinder with axis 2 of the connecting rod bearing 3, and the cylinder head inner wall 4 is at least sectoral a circular cylinder with axis 5 of the crankshaft bearing 6 (Fig. 1 to 3).
- the wall 4 thus forms the envelope surface of the moving piston crown 1, the following points of Significance are: The leading lateral reversal point 7 the piston movement, the sealing point 8 (Fig. 3), the upper Dead center 9 (reversal point at the end of the piston stroke), the switchover point 10 and the trailing lateral reversal point 11 (mirror-symmetrical to 7). Two of these points appear also on the crank circuit 12 as 8 'and 9'.
- spherical or ellipsoidal combustion chamber 13 of the cylinder head 14 e.g. an injector and a glow plug or spark plug 15 in a V arrangement and a wide channel 16 to the rectangular, domed cylinder 17.
- a seal e.g. soot deposit
- sealing point 8 here at 345 ° crank angle
- Seal forces exerted on the crankshaft which, however, have opposing forces from further compression counteract the intake air. More details on this are set out under Figs. 3 and 7.
- the upwardly curved piston crown 1 creates space for well-dimensioned, permanent piston springs instead of the double leaf springs 21 as shown in FIG. 1 on the left.
- Non-stop Sealing springs 22 (Fig. 1, 2 and 5) ensure permanent system of the face seals 23, while approximately the same length, however e.g. on a piston rib 24 axially fixed guide springs 25 the pendulum piston between the domed cylinder walls 26 guide floating on the face ("floating piston").
- the side seals 27 and 28 are with L-profile 3 combined to form sealing grids 29 and e.g. made by light wave springs. All feathers are made made of highly heat-resistant material and are vertical in the piston closely managed.
- the face seals 23 and sealing grille 29 form four overlapped ends at their ends, even when worn gastight impacts. Optimized, coated if necessary Materials are provided.
- the outer surface 31 of the preferably circular arc-shaped cylinder walls 26 aligned are and therefore always have surface contact.
- As 4 C shows another variant of a rotating ceramic sealing needle 32.
- the e.g. made of ceramic, forged Piston plate made of light metal or thin-walled cast steel 33 is e.g. with the interposition of a wear-resistant, interchangeable steel sheet 34 by radial Aluminum countersunk screws 35 fixed to the connecting rod cover 36.
- This connecting rod cover 36 with stiffening and cooling fins 37 like the rectangular cross section, thin-walled connecting rod shaft 38, preferably made of die-cast magnesium and is preferably through with the connecting rod shaft Press weld connected.
- melting or sand cores etc. are also one-piece hollow connecting rods with low Wall thicknesses and stretch-inhibiting Invar or carbon fiber inserts possible.
- The serves as the core bearing rectangular opening 39 through which charge air 40 for heat dissipation piston plate 33 and connecting rod cover 36 and emanates.
- the edge reinforcement 41 and the hub bevels 42 they direct the charge air into the two-sided Flushing troughs 44 and flushing channels 45) compensate in terms of weight the opening 39.
- the semi-cylindrical connecting rod cover 55 is used as a counter mass trained to the piston and connecting rod upper part and with respect Measure the moment of inertia in such a way that the center of the impact of the vibrating parts 33 to 55 (possibly without slide 48) at least approximately in the center 2 of the connecting rod bearing 3 lies.
- the center 46 runs without guidance imagined piston of its own accord on an elongated Eight.
- the fine transverse vibrations that occur are by the guide springs 25 of the piston caught.
- the Connecting rod bolts 58 are inserted from above; at the 7 is for certain numbers of cylinders a screw connection from below is necessary to the crankshaft to be able to expand.
- the connecting rod loader are then e.g. sprayed plastic plugs 60 necessary and by a pin slightly bent in the middle 61 fixable.
- the outer surfaces 17 and 55 of the connecting rod loader are finished and e.g. galvanic or PTFE coated and seal thanks to minimal running play.
- crankshaft The compact, light and rigid crankshaft according to Fig. 1, 2 and 6 consists of the shaft journal 63, conical-cylindrical Crank washers 64 and crank pin 65 with Frets 66 (for good coverage of the crank discs 64). It is mounted on roller bearings and lubricated according to requirements with oil inlet 67, intermediate seal by disc spring 68, oblique hole 69 and oil leak on the outer edge of the bundles 66 and / or according to FIG. 6. With crankshaft intermediate bearings (Fig. 8), it is possible to have the plate springs 68 on only one Spot to split and spring up what theirs Installation in the crankcase simplified. With plain bearings (Fig.
- the housing 80 is at the bottom due to the flat flange 86 the crankshaft axis 5 and above through the arched Flange 87 limited with a circular cylinder Axis 5 lies. Machining the cylinder space can be inexpensive done by vertical clearing, but are then separate, arched end wall inserts 88 necessary can be interchangeable. Without them and below, e.g.
- crankcase 91 which has a semi-cylindrical under each connecting rod Has cavity 92, the moving connecting rod cover 55 tightly encloses and is part of the cylinder space of the integrated, volumetric connecting rod charger.
- Whose Use point 93 (with piston position 94) can be changed Reduction of engine power (e.g. at Stationary or vehicle throttle motors) through both sides molded troughs 95 e.g. postponed to 96.
- the crankcase 91 is preferably made of die-cast light metal and is inside by plunge milling or spark erosion processed. They are attached by one Bolt 97 on both sides of the main crankshaft bearing 6. This simplification can be a defined uneven Shape of the top sealing surface require what is caused by spark erosion is made possible.
- For space-saving vertical Interim storage of the motors serve at least two over the bolt heads 98 spring-loaded plastic sleeves 99.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 there is the very simple and compact cylinder head 14 according to FIGS. 1 to 3. It exists preferably made of die-cast light metal and is by ribs 101 stiffened. It is attached by means of Stud 102 (for single cylinder 6, two cylinder 9, etc.), its sealing against gas and coolant through elastic Round cords 103. The cast in a known manner Coolant nozzle 104 does not exceed the engine height (Packaging).
- the combustion chamber 13 is by a Floor plan e.g. rectangular, domed secondary combustion chamber 106 added, which at switchover point 10 (here e.g. at 2 ° crank angle according to OT 9) connects to the inner wall 4. This allows the following combustion and workflow can be achieved:
- FIG. 7 and 8 show the housing of a possible (Single or) multi-cylinder series engine in elevation and partially Side view.
- This housing 120 fits the crank mechanism 1 to 6 and is for the greatest possible simplification and stiffening as a total monoblock with integrated Cylinder head 121 and exhaust manifold 122 formed. It can be made of light metal casting or thin-wall gray or cast steel and is, preferably on face-milled flange 123 hanging, by spark erosion rough and fine machined. This editing can even the surface of the flushing channels 45 and the exact shape and Round the edges of the gas exchange slots 124/125. The rounded corners of the cylinders require accordingly rounded corners 126 of the face seals 23 (FIG. 5) what also applies to cleared or milled cylinders.
- the motor housing 120 has a number of thread eyes 129 on.
- the combustion chamber 13 corresponds to that of FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the compression ratio 3 the degree of loading of the Connecting rod supercharger etc. and if necessary by means of air throttling and jump start systems is gas, gasoline, diesel or Multi-fuel operation possible and interesting.
- the crankcase 130 has a simple air flow regulation on the left. This consists of a crescent-shaped Cavity 131 (machining by spark erosion) with the Width 132 of the cylinder and crank chamber, one the same wide spring tongue 133 with rivets 134 (or a hinged Circular sector sheet) and a continuous adjusting shaft 135 with negative cam 136.
- the adjustment lever 137 causes the spring tongue to relax in position 137 ' in position 133 ', which is a partial backflow the charge air causes.
- With rotating shaft 135 (without lever 137) are by correspondingly arranged cams individual suspensions 133 can be activated (cylinder deactivation).
- the variant according to FIGS. 7 and 8 on the right is also compact, but more complex and significantly more effective.
- FIG. 7A shows an Ekke in horizontal section 139
- Fig. 7A shows an Ekke in horizontal section 139
- the radial and normal position (parallel walls) axial guidance is provided by grooves 141 and up left through flange face 123 (or one Stop directly at point of use 142 of the connecting rod loader), to the right through the semi-cylindrical swivel joint 144 according to FIG. 7 A.
- the opening on both sides of the movable Sidewalls 140 ⁇ m e.g.
- the narrow piston gives a minimal Interface between inlet and outlet flow (only 55% a round cylinder of the same area) and therefore less Mixing and heat exchange of the gas flows. Because the Exhaust gases under connecting rod supercharger pressure can be adjusted to long single tubes in favor of an integrated one Collecting tube 122 with conical-cylindrical if possible on both sides Ends 148/149 are dispensed with. This will make it only two-part, by tie rod 97 (for single cylinder four, two-cylinder six, etc.) screwed motor housing very simple and universally applicable.
- the injection nozzle 157 or injection nozzle in gas operation is arranged in the direction of the cylinder, which also applies to the combustion chamber 13 from FIG. 1.
- Fig. 9 shows a cylinder head matching Fig. 7 (and 1) 160 with lean-concept combustion chamber 161 known from OEC (whose location could be more left), the best known Has reached consumption and pollutant values. New here are those on a circular cylinder 162 with center Crankshaft pinch surfaces 163 on both sides and 164, which are time-shifted in an optimal flow Act. With this problem-free, proven cylinder head However, OEC takes place before top dead center the usual braking of the piston by compression and fuel gas, but it only serves to compare Try and as a temporary solution until the series production is ready 1, 2, and 8.
- FIG. 10 shows a "floating piston connecting rod slide valve motor” (PLC) according to FIGS. 7 and 9 with a displacement of 300 cm 3 and 22 kW / 30 hp per cylinder, inclined transversely and forwardly in the bow of a small car (length 250 to 330 cm, width 140 cm) according to FIGS. 1 and 1A of WO 92/20563 (Salzmann).
- PLC floating piston connecting rod slide valve motor
- the front grill 169 and especially 170 open and give good and quick access.
- the engine cooler 171 can serve as a heater and can be arranged on one or both sides of a 160 l front luggage compartment 172.
- the motor 166 with multi-disc clutch and, for example, three-speed planetary gear unit with a uniform step jump in a square preferably acts on a double axle drive 176 with the same step jump.
- the two sprockets running loosely on the differential housing with the clutch ring suspended in between are switched automatically, as is the planetary gear.
- Such a "3 6V + 2R" transmission with the highest degree of efficiency with a step change of, for example, 1.3 to 1.33 (spread 3.71 to 4.16) makes it possible to drive very economically and quietly even in urban areas, backwards and uphill .
- the motor 166 is also suitable for longitudinal installation without further ado (Crankshaft in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle) with e.g. about that arranged, at least partially foldable Front luggage rack.
- ado crankshaft in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
- Torque converter also a "mono pedal” enables, but standing here, i.e. hinged to the ground is. Swiveling the foot to the right causes the driver to accelerate, to the left engine brake and / or retarder, all preferably electronically controlled. Both hands stay with it at the steering wheel.
- a pendulum piston compressor according to requirements is also interesting 8 and 9 because of its high volumetric efficiency (especially with two-stage construction with Connecting rod loader) and its simple construction without slider 48. Wide overflow slots are not shown divided by webs for guiding the sealing grid 29 (Fig. 3).
- the relatively low working pressures allow longer crankshafts and wider pistons than in FIG. 1 and 2.
- the piston crown rolls sealingly on one continuous seal 112 (Fig. 7) from a separate Cylinder head (Fig. 1) may include. Openings 180 in Area of the trailing lateral piston reversal point 11 (Fig.3) result in a flow-favorable, by Valve tongues 181 in the usual way controlled outlet of the Medium with the lowest dead volume. This increases e.g. at Cooling compressors or heat pumps improve efficiency. Small compressors for refrigerators are also circular Pendulum piston possible without connecting rod loader.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- Pendelkolbenmotor mit einer Kurbelwelle und wenigstens einer daran angelenkten Pleuelstange mit gelenklosem Pendelkolben, dessen Boden auf einem Kreiszylinder mit Zentrum Pleuellager liegt und in einem Zylinderkurbelgehäuse mit separatem oder integriertem Zylinderkopf läuft, gekennzeichnet durch einen Zylinderkopf (14) mit wenigstens sektoriell kreiszylinderförmiger Innenfläche (4) mit Zentrum Kurbelwellenlager (6), unter der sich der Kolbenboden (1) im Bereich des oberen Totpunktes (9) mit möglichst kleinem Spiel bewegt.
- Pendelkolbenmotor nach Anspruch 1 mit einem etwa in der Mitte des Zylinderkopfs angeordneten Brennraum, gekennzeichnet durch beidseitig des Brennraums angeordnete, durch die Zylinderkopf-Innenfläche gebildete Quetschflächen (163,164), die vom Pendelkolben zeitversetzt aktiviert werden.
- Pendelkolbenmotor nach Anspruch 1 mit einer auf der vorlaufenden Seite des Pendelkolbens im Zylinderkopf angeordneten Brennkammer (13) mit Verbindungskanal (16) zum Zylinder, gekennzeichnet durch einen wenigstens angenähert gasdichten Spalt zwischen Zylinderkopf-Innenfläche und Kolbenboden bis wenigstens angenähert in den Bereich des oberen Totpunktes.
- Pendelkolbenmotor nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichent durch eine rechtzeitige Gemischbildung und Entflammung in der Brennkammer, damit möglichst früh vor dem oberen Totpunkt ein Antriebsmoment auf die Kurbelwelle entsteht.
- Pendelkolbenmotor nach Ansprüchen 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gasdichte Spalt durch Rußablagerung und/oder Ölkohle gebildet wird und sich fortlaufend von selbst regeneriert.
- Pendelkolbenmotor nach Ansprüchen 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gasdichte Spalt durch eine im Bereich der Zylinderkopf-Innenfläche angeordnete Dichtung (110) aus passendem Material gebildet wird.
- Pendelkolbenmotor nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 6 als Zweitaktmotor mit langem, in Richtung Kurbelwelle vorzugsweise schmalem Rechteck-Pendelkolben, der die seitlichen Gaswechselschlitze in optimaler Weise asymmetrisch steuert.
- Pendelkolbenkompressor mit einer Kurbelwelle und wenigstens einer daran angelenkten Pleuelstange mit rechteckigem, gelenklosem Pendelkolben, dessen Boden auf einem Kreiszylinder mit Zentrum Pleuellager liegt und in einem Zylinderkurbelgehäuse läuft, gekennzeichnet durch einen separaten oder integrierten Zylinderkopf mit kreiszylinderförmiger Innenfläche mit Zentrum Kurbelwellenlager, unter der sich der Kolbenboden mit wenigstens angenähert gasdichtem Spalt abwälzt, und der Gasaustritt durch Öffnungen (180) erfolgt.
- Pendelkolbenmotor und Pendelkolbenkompressor nach Ansprüchen 6 und 8, gekennzeichnet durch eine den Zylinderkopfflansch umfassende Kolbenbodendichtung.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH390694 | 1994-12-24 | ||
CH390694 | 1994-12-24 | ||
CH3906/94 | 1994-12-24 | ||
PCT/CH1995/000312 WO1996020332A1 (de) | 1994-12-24 | 1995-12-27 | Pendelkolbenmotor und pendelkolbenkompressor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0799365A1 EP0799365A1 (de) | 1997-10-08 |
EP0799365B1 true EP0799365B1 (de) | 2000-03-15 |
Family
ID=4266052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95940939A Expired - Lifetime EP0799365B1 (de) | 1994-12-24 | 1995-12-27 | Pendelkolbenmotor und pendelkolbenkompressor |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5769048A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0799365B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1171143A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE190695T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4251796A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2208550A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59508015D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996020332A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5094349B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-12-12 | 株式会社日立産機システム | シリンダ装置、圧縮機およびシリンダ装置の製造方法 |
DE102008045580B3 (de) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-05-07 | Manfred Wanzke | Pleuelkolbenkompressor |
CN110925046A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-27 | 宁波市佳利来机械制造有限公司 | 一种抗震机油泵前盖及其制造方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2284645A (en) * | 1941-01-27 | 1942-06-02 | Duffy Charles Hugh | Air pump or compressor |
US3695150A (en) * | 1969-07-18 | 1972-10-03 | Willi Salzmann | Crank assemblies for machines having reciprocating pistons |
IT950019B (it) * | 1971-03-11 | 1973-06-20 | Salzmann W | Macchina a pistone particolarmen te motore a combustione interna |
CA938225A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1973-12-11 | D. Guenther William | Four stroke hybrid engine |
US4142500A (en) * | 1977-04-12 | 1979-03-06 | Davis Allen V C | Two-stroke engine and direct thrust piston |
US4829954A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1989-05-16 | Morgado Ralph G | Method of forming self-sealing piston |
US4765292A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1988-08-23 | Morgado Ralph G | Self-sealing piston apparatus |
WO1988006675A1 (fr) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-09-07 | Willi Ernst Salzmann | Machine a piston oscillant |
GB8815696D0 (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1988-08-10 | Jaguar Cars | Two stroke engines |
ATE138154T1 (de) * | 1988-09-07 | 1996-06-15 | Willy Ernst Salzmann | Pendelkolbenmaschine |
-
1995
- 1995-12-27 EP EP95940939A patent/EP0799365B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-27 CN CN95197057.7A patent/CN1171143A/zh active Pending
- 1995-12-27 WO PCT/CH1995/000312 patent/WO1996020332A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-27 DE DE59508015T patent/DE59508015D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-27 CA CA002208550A patent/CA2208550A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-27 AT AT95940939T patent/ATE190695T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-27 AU AU42517/96A patent/AU4251796A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-27 US US08/860,420 patent/US5769048A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59508015D1 (de) | 2000-04-20 |
ATE190695T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
AU4251796A (en) | 1996-07-19 |
CA2208550A1 (en) | 1996-07-04 |
EP0799365A1 (de) | 1997-10-08 |
WO1996020332A1 (de) | 1996-07-04 |
US5769048A (en) | 1998-06-23 |
CN1171143A (zh) | 1998-01-21 |
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