EP0799363B1 - Systeme de forage orientable a moteur de fond de puits - Google Patents

Systeme de forage orientable a moteur de fond de puits Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0799363B1
EP0799363B1 EP95943229A EP95943229A EP0799363B1 EP 0799363 B1 EP0799363 B1 EP 0799363B1 EP 95943229 A EP95943229 A EP 95943229A EP 95943229 A EP95943229 A EP 95943229A EP 0799363 B1 EP0799363 B1 EP 0799363B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
borehole
drilling
motor
drill string
motor housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95943229A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0799363A1 (fr
Inventor
Alban Michel Faure
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP95943229A priority Critical patent/EP0799363B1/fr
Publication of EP0799363A1 publication Critical patent/EP0799363A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0799363B1 publication Critical patent/EP0799363B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for creating a borehole in an earth formation. More specifically the invention relates to drilling of boreholes whereby a drilling assembly is applied which allows steering of a drill bit to a desired subsurface target area.
  • a typical application in which there is a need for such steering of the drill bit is, for example, in offshore drilling whereby a plurality of deviated wellbores are drilled from an offshore platform to multiple locations of a hydrocarbon containing zone in an earth formation.
  • Other applications in which there is a need for steerable drilling include drilling of horizontal or highly inclined wellbores into such a hydrocarbon containing zone.
  • EP-571045-A1 discloses a method of creating a borehole in an earth formation using a drilling assembly comprising a drill string extending into the borehole, a downhole motor including a housing and a drive shaft for rotating a drill bit, which drive shaft has an inclined orientation relative to a longitudinal axis of the lower part of the drill string, the motor housing being connected to the lower part of the drill string in a manner so as to allow rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis, the drilling assembly further comprising control means to control rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string.
  • a downhole motor having a housing with an adjustable bend is applied, whereby during straight drilling the bend is adjusted so that the bend angle is zero, and during curved drilling the bend is adjusted so that the bend angle corresponds to the desired borehole curvature.
  • the motor housing Prior to drilling a curved borehole section the motor housing is rotated relative to the drill string about a selected number of incremental angular steps so as to orient the motor housing in the desired azimuthal direction.
  • WO-A-93/23652 discloses a drilling assembly including a rotary table, a drill string, a downhole motor having a tilted output shaft and a housing connected to an output shaft of a second motor.
  • the second motor can selectively be allowed to rotate relative to the drill string during drilling of a straight borehole section, or be locked to the drill string during drilling of a curved borehole section.
  • the rotary table is used to align the drill string to orient the output shaft in the required direction.
  • a method of creating a borehole in an earth formation using a drilling assembly comprising a drill string extending into the borehole, a downhole motor including a housing and a drive shaft for rotating a drill bit, which drive shaft has an inclined orientation relative to a longitudinal axis of the lower part of the drill string, the motor housing being connected to the lower part of the drill string in a manner so as to allow rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis, the drilling assembly further comprising control means to control rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string, the method comprising drilling a substantially straight section of said borehole by inducing said control means to rotate the motor housing continuously about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string while the downhole motor is operated to rotate the drill bit, wherein the step of drilling said substantially straight borehole section is alternated with a further step of drilling a curved section of said borehole by inducing said control means to prevent rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to
  • the continuously rotating motor housing ensures that the orientation of the inclined drive shaft of the motor continuously changes so that there is no preferential direction in which the drill bit will proceed in the formation. As a consequence thereof, the drill bit will drill a straight borehole section during such continuous rotation of the housing.
  • a drilling assembly for creating a borehole in an earth formation, comprising a drill string extending into the borehole, a downhole motor including a housing and a drive shaft for rotating a drill bit, which drive shaft is oriented inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the lower part of the drill string, the motor housing being connected to the lower part of the drill string in a manner so as to allow rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis, the drilling assembly further comprising control means to control rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string, means for drilling a substantially straight section of said borehole by inducing said control means to rotate the motor housing continuously about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string while the downhole motor is operated to rotate the drill bit, and means for alternating the step of drilling said substantially straight borehole section with a step of drilling a curved section of said borehole by inducing said control means to prevent rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string while
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a lower part of a drilling assembly as used in the method according to the invention.
  • the drilling assembly shown in Fig. 1 extends into a borehole 1 formed in an earth formation 3.
  • the assembly of which only the lower part is shown in Fig. 1, includes a drill string in the form of a tubing 5 of relatively small diameter, for example a diameter of about 50 mm.
  • the tubing 5 Before being lowered into the borehole 1 the tubing 5 is stored in the form of a coil on a reel (not shown) located at surface. As drilling progresses the tubing 5 is unreeled from the reel and gradually lowered into the borehole 1.
  • the tubing 5 is therefore also referred to as "coiled tubing", and drilling with such coiled tubing is also referred to as "coiled tubing drilling”.
  • a downhole drilling motor 6 having a housing 7 is located at the lower end of the drilling assembly, which motor 6 drives a drive shaft 8 provided with a drill bit 9 which cuts into the rock at the borehole bottom 11 during drilling.
  • the downhole motor 6 forms a hydraulic motor of the Moineau type which is well-known in the art of steerable drilling.
  • the drive shaft 8 and the drill bit 9 are arranged inclined relative to the motor housing 7, so that a longitudinal axis 13 of the lower end part of the coiled tubing 5 is oriented at angle 15 relative to a longitudinal axis 17 of the drive shaft 8.
  • the longitudinal axes 13 and 17 have a point of intersection 19 located below the motor housing 7.
  • the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6 is provided with a number of stabiliser blades 21 to stabilise and centralise the lower part of the drilling assembly in the borehole 1.
  • the downhole motor 6 is connected to the coiled tubing 5 via an electric motor 23 having a housing 25 and an output shaft 27, the upper end of the housing 25 being fixedly connected to the lower end of the coiled tubing 5, and the lower end of the output shaft 27 being fixedly connected to the upper end of the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6.
  • the output shaft 27 of the electric motor 23 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, relative to the housing 25 of the electric motor 23. When the electric motor 23 is operated the output shaft 27 rotates about its longitudinal axis, relative to the housing 25.
  • a bore (not shown) extends through the interior of the electric motor 23, which bore provides a fluid flow path between the interior of the coiled tubing and the fluid inlet of the downhole motor 6.
  • the drilling fluid flows through the bore of the electric motor 23 to the inlet of the downhole motor 6.
  • Electric power is provided to the electric motor 23 via a power supply line extending through the interior of a protective steel sheath 29 which is rigidly connected along the coiled tubing 5, to surface.
  • the power supply line is connected at surface to an electric power supply (not shown) which is controlled by a suitable control system (not shown).
  • the electric motor 23 is furthermore provided with an orientation indicator (not shown) for providing an indication of the angular orientation of the output shaft 27, and thus also of the angular orientation of the downhole motor 6, relative to the coiled tubing 5.
  • the orientation indicator provides a signal representing said orientation of the output shaft 27 to an operator at surface, via a suitable signal line extending through the steel sheath 29.
  • a substantially straight borehole section is drilled as follows. Drilling fluid is pumped through the coiled tubing 5 and through the bore of the electric motor 23 to the fluid inlet of the downhole motor 6. Thereby the downhole motor 6 is operated to drive the drive shaft 8 and the drill bit 9. Simultaneously with operating the downhole motor 23, the control system at surface induces the power supply to provide electric power to the electric motor 23, so that the output shaft 27 of the electric motor 23 is rotated continuously at a controlled speed and thereby the housing of the downhole motor 6 is rotated at the same controlled speed. The drill bit 9 consequently rotates in the borehole 1 about both axes 13 and 17.
  • the drill bit 9 drills a straight section which is substantially directed along the axis 13. It should be noted that deviations from the straight direction of the borehole section drilled in this manner, can occur if the earth formation 3 is anisotropic or inhomogeneous. However such deviations can be corrected by measuring the direction of the borehole 1 at regular intervals, for example by well-known telemetry methods, and drilling a short curved section as described hereinafter, if necessary.
  • drilling proceeds as follows.
  • the control system at surface induces the power supply to operate the electric motor 23 so as to rotate the output shaft 27 about a selected angle corresponding to a selected orientation of the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6 in the borehole 1, which orientation of the motor housing 7 determines the direction in which drilling of a curved borehole section proceeds.
  • the orientation indicator is induced to provide an indication of the angular orientation of the output shaft 27 to an operator at surface.
  • the electric motor 23 is stopped, and the downhole motor 6 is operated so as to rotate the drive shaft 8 and the drill bit 9 by pumping drilling fluid through the coiled tubing 5 and through the bore of the electric motor 23 to the fluid inlet of the downhole motor 6.
  • drilling proceeds with the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6 stationary while the drill bit 9 rotates. Since the drill bit 9 is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis 13 of the lower part of the drilling assembly, the borehole 1 is deepened in the direction of inclination of the drill bit 9 so that a curved borehole section is drilled.
  • the electric motor 23 is operated again so as to simultaneously rotate the motor housing 7 continuously and to operate the downhole motor 6 so as to rotate the drill bit 9.
  • the drilling operator may repeat the above procedure for alternatingly drilling straight and curved borehole sections.
  • the motor can alternatively be oriented by varying the twist angle of the coiled tubing, for example by adjusting the weight-on-bit or by adjusting the pressure of the drilling fluid which drives the downhole motor, or by a combined operation of the electric motor and a variation of the twist angle.
  • a hydraulic motor or any other suitable motor which can be operated in a controlled manner can be applied.
  • control means does not include means for controlling rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string, which rotation is caused by reactive torque forces exerted to the motor housing due to the reactive torque action of the rotating drill bit in the borehole.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé permettant de produire un puits de forage dans une formation terrestre au moyen d'un ensemble de forage comprenant une garniture de forage (5) s'étendant dans le puits et un moteur de fond de puits (6) doté d'un carter (7) et d'un arbre d'entraînement (8) mettant en rotation le trépan de forage (9), ledit arbre d'entraînement étant incliné par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage. Le carter du moteur est accouplé à la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage de sorte qu'il puisse tourner autour dudit axe longitudinal. L'ensemble de forage comprend en outre un moyen de commande (23) destiné à commander la rotation du carter du moteur autour dudit axe longitudinal et par rapport à la garniture de forage. Ce procédé consiste à effectuer le forage d'une partie pratiquement droite du puits par la mise en rotation, par le moteur électrique, du carter du moteur de manière continue autour dudit axe longitudinal et par rapport à la garniture de forage, tandis que le moteur de fond de puits est actionné de façon à faire tourner le trépan de forage.

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé pour réaliser un sondage dans une formation terrestre utilisant un assemblage de forage comprenant une garniture de forage (5) s'étendant dans le sondage, un moteur de fond (6) comprenant un carter (7) et un arbre de commande (8) pour entraíner en rotation un outil de forage (9), lequel arbre de commande a une orientation inclinée par rapport à un axe longitudinal de la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage, le carter de moteur étant relié à la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage de manière à permettre la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour dudit axe longitudinal, l'assemblage de forage comprenant de plus un moyen de commande (23) pour commander la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour de l'axe longitudinal susdit et par rapport à la garniture de forage, ledit procédé comprenant le forage d'une section sensiblement rectiligne du sondage précité en amenant le moyen de commande (23) à faire tourner le carter de moteur (7) de façon continue autour de l'axe longitudinal précité et par rapport à la garniture de forage pendant que le moteur de fond (6) fonctionne pour faire tourner l'outil de forage (9), dans lequel l'étape de forage de ladite section de sondage sensiblement rectiligne est alternée avec une autre étape de forage d'une section infléchie du sondage précité en amenant le moyen de commande (23) susdit à empêcher la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour de l'axe longitudinal et par rapport à la garniture de forage pendant que le moteur de fond (6) fonctionne en entraínant l'outil de forage (9), caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'étape de forage de la section infléchie, le moyen de commande précité (23) est amené à faire tourner le carter de moteur (7) d'un angle correspondant à une orientation choisie de l'outil de forage (9) par rapport au sondage.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel le moyen de commande (23) ne comprend pas de moyen pour commander la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour de l'axe longitudinal précité et par rapport à la garniture de forage, laquelle rotation est provoquée par des forces de couple réactives exercées sur le carter de moteur (7) dues à l'action de couple réactive de l'outil de forage (9) en rotation dans le sondage.
  3. Procédé suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel le moyen de commande (23) est choisi dans le groupe comprenant un moteur hydraulique et un moteur électrique.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, la garniture de forage précitée formant un tube enroulé (5) qui est enroulé sur un touret, dans lequel le tube enroulé est déroulé du touret et descendu dans le sondage au fur et à mesure de la progression du forage du sondage.
  5. Assemblage de forage pour réaliser un sondage dans une formation terrestre, comprenant une garniture de forage s'étendant dans le sondage, un moteur de fond (6) comprenant un carter (7) et un arbre de commande (8) pour entraíner en rotation un outil de forage (9), lequel arbre de commande est orienté de façon inclinée par rapport à un axe longitudinal de la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage, le carter de moteur (7) étant relié à la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage de manière à permettre la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour de l'axe longitudinal, l'assemblage de forage comprenant de plus un moyen de commande (23) pour commander la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour de l'axe longitudinal et par rapport à la garniture de forage, un moyen pour forer une section sensiblement rectiligne du sondage en amenant ledit moyen de commande (23) à faire toumer le carter de moteur (7) de façon continue autour dudit axe longitudinal et par rapport à la garniture de forage pendant que le moteur de fond (6) fonctionne en faisant tourner l'outil de forage (9), et un moyen pour alterner l'étape de forage de la section de sondage sensiblement rectiligne avec une étape de forage d'une section infléchie dudit sondage en amenant le moyen de commande susdit à empêcher la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour de l'axe longitudinal et par rapport à la garniture de forage pendant que le moteur de fond (6) fonctionne en faisant tourner l'outil de forage (9), caractérisé en ce qu'un moyen est prévu, avant le forage de la section infléchie, pour amener le moyen de commande précité à faire tourner le carter de moteur (7) d'un angle correspondant à une orientation choisie de l'outil de forage (9) par rapport au sondage.
  6. Assemblage de forage suivant la revendication 5, dans lequel le moyen de commande (23) ne comprend pas de moyen pour commander la rotation du carter de moteur (7) autour de l'axe longitudinal précité et par rapport à la garniture de forage, laquelle rotation est provoquée par des forces de couple réactives exercées sur le carter de moteur (7) dues à l'action de couple réactive de l'outil de forage (9) en rotation dans le sondage.
  7. Assemblage de forage suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 5 et 6, dans lequel le moyen de commande (23) est choisi dans le groupe comprenant un moteur hydraulique et un moteur électrique.
  8. Assemblage de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel la garniture de forage précitée forme un tube enroulé (5) qui est enroulé sur un touret, l'assemblage comprenant en outre un moyen pour dérouler le tube enroulé du touret et descendre le tube enroulé (5) dans le sondage au fur et à mesure de la progression du forage du sondage.
EP95943229A 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Systeme de forage orientable a moteur de fond de puits Expired - Lifetime EP0799363B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95943229A EP0799363B1 (fr) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Systeme de forage orientable a moteur de fond de puits

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94203712 1994-12-21
EP94203712 1994-12-21
PCT/EP1995/005163 WO1996019635A1 (fr) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Systeme de forage orientable a moteur de fond de puits
EP95943229A EP0799363B1 (fr) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Systeme de forage orientable a moteur de fond de puits

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0799363A1 EP0799363A1 (fr) 1997-10-08
EP0799363B1 true EP0799363B1 (fr) 1999-05-06

Family

ID=8217472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95943229A Expired - Lifetime EP0799363B1 (fr) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Systeme de forage orientable a moteur de fond de puits

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0799363B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1062634C (fr)
AR (1) AR004469A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU692040B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9510493A (fr)
CA (1) CA2207923C (fr)
CO (1) CO4480786A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69509557T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0799363T3 (fr)
EG (1) EG20620A (fr)
MY (1) MY115387A (fr)
NO (1) NO310036B1 (fr)
OA (1) OA10429A (fr)
RU (1) RU2149248C1 (fr)
SA (1) SA95160479B1 (fr)
TN (1) TNSN95131A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996019635A1 (fr)

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US5738178A (en) * 1995-11-17 1998-04-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for navigational drilling with a downhole motor employing independent drill string and bottomhole assembly rotary orientation and rotation
US6047784A (en) * 1996-02-07 2000-04-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for directional drilling using coiled tubing
DK1092033T3 (da) 1998-06-15 2009-05-18 Brunob Ii Bv Forbedringer af eller vedrörende planter og planteprodukter
US6446737B1 (en) * 1999-09-14 2002-09-10 Deep Vision Llc Apparatus and method for rotating a portion of a drill string
DE19963445A1 (de) 1999-12-28 2001-07-05 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Formaldehyd aus polyolhaltigen Reaktionsgemischen unter Zusatz von Lösungsmitteln
US6419014B1 (en) 2000-07-20 2002-07-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for orienting a downhole tool
DE602004001328T2 (de) * 2004-01-27 2007-05-10 Schlumberger Technology B.V. Unterirdisches Bohren einer Lateralbohrung
US8534380B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2013-09-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for directional drilling a borehole with a rotary drilling system
US8720604B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-05-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and system for steering a directional drilling system
US8727036B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-05-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for drilling
US8757294B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-06-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for controlling a drilling system for drilling a borehole in an earth formation
US8763726B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-07-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Drill bit gauge pad control
US7845430B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2010-12-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Compliantly coupled cutting system
US8066085B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2011-11-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Stochastic bit noise control
GB2454880B (en) * 2007-11-21 2012-02-15 Schlumberger Holdings Drilling system
AU2009251533B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2012-08-23 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Using mines and tunnels for treating subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations
CA2738804A1 (fr) 2008-10-13 2010-04-22 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Chauffage de fluide de transfert chauffe en circulation de formations d'hydrocarbure souterraines
US8510081B2 (en) * 2009-02-20 2013-08-13 Canrig Drilling Technology Ltd. Drilling scorecard
CN104838083B (zh) * 2012-12-19 2017-06-23 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 利用旋转外壳和选择性可偏移驱动轴的定向钻井
US9347269B2 (en) * 2013-03-05 2016-05-24 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Adjustable bend assembly for a downhole motor

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DE3423465C1 (de) * 1984-06-26 1985-05-02 Norton Christensen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah Vorrichtungen zum wahlweisen Geradeaus- oder Richtungsbohren in unterirdische Gesteinsformationen
DE3839760C1 (en) * 1988-11-25 1990-01-18 Gewerkschaft Walter Ag Double rotary drilling apparatus for making directionally accurate bores, in particular horizontal bores
US5022471A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-06-11 Maurer Engineering, Inc. Deviated wellbore drilling system and apparatus
GB9210846D0 (en) * 1992-05-21 1992-07-08 Baroid Technology Inc Drill bit steering

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0799363A1 (fr) 1997-10-08
WO1996019635A1 (fr) 1996-06-27
CN1062634C (zh) 2001-02-28
CN1171142A (zh) 1998-01-21
AR004469A1 (es) 1998-12-16
MY115387A (en) 2003-05-31
DE69509557T2 (de) 1999-11-04
CA2207923A1 (fr) 1996-06-27
AU4435796A (en) 1996-07-10
AU692040B2 (en) 1998-05-28
OA10429A (en) 2002-03-21
TNSN95131A1 (fr) 1996-02-06
DE69509557D1 (de) 1999-06-10
NO972878D0 (no) 1997-06-20
MX9704585A (es) 1997-10-31
SA95160479B1 (ar) 2005-06-14
NO972878L (no) 1997-06-20
NO310036B1 (no) 2001-05-07
DK0799363T3 (da) 1999-11-15
EG20620A (en) 1999-09-30
BR9510493A (pt) 1998-01-13
RU2149248C1 (ru) 2000-05-20
CO4480786A1 (es) 1997-07-09
CA2207923C (fr) 2006-05-16

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