EP0799363B1 - Richtbohren mit bohrlochmotor - Google Patents

Richtbohren mit bohrlochmotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0799363B1
EP0799363B1 EP95943229A EP95943229A EP0799363B1 EP 0799363 B1 EP0799363 B1 EP 0799363B1 EP 95943229 A EP95943229 A EP 95943229A EP 95943229 A EP95943229 A EP 95943229A EP 0799363 B1 EP0799363 B1 EP 0799363B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
borehole
drilling
motor
drill string
motor housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95943229A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0799363A1 (de
Inventor
Alban Michel Faure
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP95943229A priority Critical patent/EP0799363B1/de
Publication of EP0799363A1 publication Critical patent/EP0799363A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0799363B1 publication Critical patent/EP0799363B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for creating a borehole in an earth formation. More specifically the invention relates to drilling of boreholes whereby a drilling assembly is applied which allows steering of a drill bit to a desired subsurface target area.
  • a typical application in which there is a need for such steering of the drill bit is, for example, in offshore drilling whereby a plurality of deviated wellbores are drilled from an offshore platform to multiple locations of a hydrocarbon containing zone in an earth formation.
  • Other applications in which there is a need for steerable drilling include drilling of horizontal or highly inclined wellbores into such a hydrocarbon containing zone.
  • EP-571045-A1 discloses a method of creating a borehole in an earth formation using a drilling assembly comprising a drill string extending into the borehole, a downhole motor including a housing and a drive shaft for rotating a drill bit, which drive shaft has an inclined orientation relative to a longitudinal axis of the lower part of the drill string, the motor housing being connected to the lower part of the drill string in a manner so as to allow rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis, the drilling assembly further comprising control means to control rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string.
  • a downhole motor having a housing with an adjustable bend is applied, whereby during straight drilling the bend is adjusted so that the bend angle is zero, and during curved drilling the bend is adjusted so that the bend angle corresponds to the desired borehole curvature.
  • the motor housing Prior to drilling a curved borehole section the motor housing is rotated relative to the drill string about a selected number of incremental angular steps so as to orient the motor housing in the desired azimuthal direction.
  • WO-A-93/23652 discloses a drilling assembly including a rotary table, a drill string, a downhole motor having a tilted output shaft and a housing connected to an output shaft of a second motor.
  • the second motor can selectively be allowed to rotate relative to the drill string during drilling of a straight borehole section, or be locked to the drill string during drilling of a curved borehole section.
  • the rotary table is used to align the drill string to orient the output shaft in the required direction.
  • a method of creating a borehole in an earth formation using a drilling assembly comprising a drill string extending into the borehole, a downhole motor including a housing and a drive shaft for rotating a drill bit, which drive shaft has an inclined orientation relative to a longitudinal axis of the lower part of the drill string, the motor housing being connected to the lower part of the drill string in a manner so as to allow rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis, the drilling assembly further comprising control means to control rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string, the method comprising drilling a substantially straight section of said borehole by inducing said control means to rotate the motor housing continuously about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string while the downhole motor is operated to rotate the drill bit, wherein the step of drilling said substantially straight borehole section is alternated with a further step of drilling a curved section of said borehole by inducing said control means to prevent rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to
  • the continuously rotating motor housing ensures that the orientation of the inclined drive shaft of the motor continuously changes so that there is no preferential direction in which the drill bit will proceed in the formation. As a consequence thereof, the drill bit will drill a straight borehole section during such continuous rotation of the housing.
  • a drilling assembly for creating a borehole in an earth formation, comprising a drill string extending into the borehole, a downhole motor including a housing and a drive shaft for rotating a drill bit, which drive shaft is oriented inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the lower part of the drill string, the motor housing being connected to the lower part of the drill string in a manner so as to allow rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis, the drilling assembly further comprising control means to control rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string, means for drilling a substantially straight section of said borehole by inducing said control means to rotate the motor housing continuously about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string while the downhole motor is operated to rotate the drill bit, and means for alternating the step of drilling said substantially straight borehole section with a step of drilling a curved section of said borehole by inducing said control means to prevent rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string while
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a lower part of a drilling assembly as used in the method according to the invention.
  • the drilling assembly shown in Fig. 1 extends into a borehole 1 formed in an earth formation 3.
  • the assembly of which only the lower part is shown in Fig. 1, includes a drill string in the form of a tubing 5 of relatively small diameter, for example a diameter of about 50 mm.
  • the tubing 5 Before being lowered into the borehole 1 the tubing 5 is stored in the form of a coil on a reel (not shown) located at surface. As drilling progresses the tubing 5 is unreeled from the reel and gradually lowered into the borehole 1.
  • the tubing 5 is therefore also referred to as "coiled tubing", and drilling with such coiled tubing is also referred to as "coiled tubing drilling”.
  • a downhole drilling motor 6 having a housing 7 is located at the lower end of the drilling assembly, which motor 6 drives a drive shaft 8 provided with a drill bit 9 which cuts into the rock at the borehole bottom 11 during drilling.
  • the downhole motor 6 forms a hydraulic motor of the Moineau type which is well-known in the art of steerable drilling.
  • the drive shaft 8 and the drill bit 9 are arranged inclined relative to the motor housing 7, so that a longitudinal axis 13 of the lower end part of the coiled tubing 5 is oriented at angle 15 relative to a longitudinal axis 17 of the drive shaft 8.
  • the longitudinal axes 13 and 17 have a point of intersection 19 located below the motor housing 7.
  • the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6 is provided with a number of stabiliser blades 21 to stabilise and centralise the lower part of the drilling assembly in the borehole 1.
  • the downhole motor 6 is connected to the coiled tubing 5 via an electric motor 23 having a housing 25 and an output shaft 27, the upper end of the housing 25 being fixedly connected to the lower end of the coiled tubing 5, and the lower end of the output shaft 27 being fixedly connected to the upper end of the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6.
  • the output shaft 27 of the electric motor 23 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, relative to the housing 25 of the electric motor 23. When the electric motor 23 is operated the output shaft 27 rotates about its longitudinal axis, relative to the housing 25.
  • a bore (not shown) extends through the interior of the electric motor 23, which bore provides a fluid flow path between the interior of the coiled tubing and the fluid inlet of the downhole motor 6.
  • the drilling fluid flows through the bore of the electric motor 23 to the inlet of the downhole motor 6.
  • Electric power is provided to the electric motor 23 via a power supply line extending through the interior of a protective steel sheath 29 which is rigidly connected along the coiled tubing 5, to surface.
  • the power supply line is connected at surface to an electric power supply (not shown) which is controlled by a suitable control system (not shown).
  • the electric motor 23 is furthermore provided with an orientation indicator (not shown) for providing an indication of the angular orientation of the output shaft 27, and thus also of the angular orientation of the downhole motor 6, relative to the coiled tubing 5.
  • the orientation indicator provides a signal representing said orientation of the output shaft 27 to an operator at surface, via a suitable signal line extending through the steel sheath 29.
  • a substantially straight borehole section is drilled as follows. Drilling fluid is pumped through the coiled tubing 5 and through the bore of the electric motor 23 to the fluid inlet of the downhole motor 6. Thereby the downhole motor 6 is operated to drive the drive shaft 8 and the drill bit 9. Simultaneously with operating the downhole motor 23, the control system at surface induces the power supply to provide electric power to the electric motor 23, so that the output shaft 27 of the electric motor 23 is rotated continuously at a controlled speed and thereby the housing of the downhole motor 6 is rotated at the same controlled speed. The drill bit 9 consequently rotates in the borehole 1 about both axes 13 and 17.
  • the drill bit 9 drills a straight section which is substantially directed along the axis 13. It should be noted that deviations from the straight direction of the borehole section drilled in this manner, can occur if the earth formation 3 is anisotropic or inhomogeneous. However such deviations can be corrected by measuring the direction of the borehole 1 at regular intervals, for example by well-known telemetry methods, and drilling a short curved section as described hereinafter, if necessary.
  • drilling proceeds as follows.
  • the control system at surface induces the power supply to operate the electric motor 23 so as to rotate the output shaft 27 about a selected angle corresponding to a selected orientation of the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6 in the borehole 1, which orientation of the motor housing 7 determines the direction in which drilling of a curved borehole section proceeds.
  • the orientation indicator is induced to provide an indication of the angular orientation of the output shaft 27 to an operator at surface.
  • the electric motor 23 is stopped, and the downhole motor 6 is operated so as to rotate the drive shaft 8 and the drill bit 9 by pumping drilling fluid through the coiled tubing 5 and through the bore of the electric motor 23 to the fluid inlet of the downhole motor 6.
  • drilling proceeds with the housing 7 of the downhole motor 6 stationary while the drill bit 9 rotates. Since the drill bit 9 is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis 13 of the lower part of the drilling assembly, the borehole 1 is deepened in the direction of inclination of the drill bit 9 so that a curved borehole section is drilled.
  • the electric motor 23 is operated again so as to simultaneously rotate the motor housing 7 continuously and to operate the downhole motor 6 so as to rotate the drill bit 9.
  • the drilling operator may repeat the above procedure for alternatingly drilling straight and curved borehole sections.
  • the motor can alternatively be oriented by varying the twist angle of the coiled tubing, for example by adjusting the weight-on-bit or by adjusting the pressure of the drilling fluid which drives the downhole motor, or by a combined operation of the electric motor and a variation of the twist angle.
  • a hydraulic motor or any other suitable motor which can be operated in a controlled manner can be applied.
  • control means does not include means for controlling rotation of the motor housing about said longitudinal axis and relative to the drill string, which rotation is caused by reactive torque forces exerted to the motor housing due to the reactive torque action of the rotating drill bit in the borehole.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bohrloches in einer Erdformation mit Hilfe einer Bohranordnung mit einem Bohrstrang (5), der in sich in ein Bohrloch hineinerstreckt, einem unten im Bohrloch arbeitenden Motor (6) mit einem Gehäuse (7) und einer Antriebswelle (8) zum Drehen einer Bohrkrone (9), welche Antriebswelle eine geneigte Orientierung relativ zu einer Längsachse des unteren Teiles des Bohrstranges besitzt, wobei das Motorgehäuse mit dem unteren Teil des Bohrstranges in einer solchen Weise verbunden ist, daß eine Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse möglich ist, wobei die Bohranordnung ferner Steuerungsmittel (23) zum Steuern der Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang umfaßt, wobei das Verfahren das Bohren eines im wesentlichen geraden Abschnittes des Bohrloches umfaßt, indem die Steuerungsmittel (23) dazu veranlaßt werden, das Motorgehäuse (7) kontinuierlich um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang zu drehen, während der unten im Bohrloch arbeitende Motor (6) zum Drehen der Bohrkrone (9) betrieben wird, wobei der Schritt des Bohrens des im wesentlichen geraden Bohrlochabschnittes mit einem weiteren Schritt des Bohrens eines gekrümmten Abschnittes des Bohrloches, indem die Steuerungsmittel (23) dazu veranlaßt werden, die Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang zu verhindern, während der unten im Bohrloch arbeitende Motor (6) zum Drehen der Bohrkrone (9) betrieben wird, abgewechselt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Schritt des Bohrens des gekrümmten Abschnittes die Steuerungsmittel (23) dazu veranlaßt werden, das Motorgehäuse (7) um einen Winkel zu drehen, welcher einer ausgewählten Orientierung der Bohrkrone (9) relativ zum Bohrloch entspricht.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem die Steuerungsmittel (23) keine Mittel zum Steuern der Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang enthalten, welche Drehung durch die Reaktionsdrehmomentkräfte hervorgerufen wird, die durch die Reaktionsdrehmomentwirkung der im Bohrloch drehenden Bohrkrone (9) auf das Motorgehäuse (7) ausgeübt werden.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welchem die Steuerungsmittel (23) ein Element aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hydraulikmotor und Elektromotor enthalten.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Bohrstrang einen Wickelrohrstrang (5) bildet, der auf eine Spule aufgewickelt ist, wobei der Wickelrohrstrang während des Bohrlochfortschrittes von der Spule abgewickelt und in das Bohrloch abgesenkt wird.
  5. Bohranordnung zum Herstellen eines Bohrloches in einer Erdformation, mit einem Bohrstrang, der sich in das Bohrloch hineinerstreckt, einem unten im Bohrloch arbeitenden Motor (6) mit einem Gehäuse (7) und einer Antriebswelle (8) zum Drehen einer Bohrkrone (9), welche Antriebswelle bezüglich einer Längsachse des unteren Teiles des Bohrstranges geneigt orientiert ist, wobei das Motorgehäuse (7) mit dem unteren Teil des Bohrstranges in einer Weise verbunden ist, die eine Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse ermöqlicht, wobei die Bohranordnung ferner Steuerungsmittel (23) zum Steuern der Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang umfaßt, Mittel zum Bohren eines im wesentlichen geraden Abschnittes des Bohrloches durch Veranlassen der Steuerungsmittel (23) zu einer Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) kontinuierlich um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang, während der unten im Bohrloch arbeitende Motor (6) zum Drehen der Bohrkrone (9) betrieben wird, und Mittel zum Abwechseln des Schrittes des Bohrens des im wesentlichen geraden Bohrlochabschnittes mit einem Schritt des Bohrens eines gekrümmten Abschnittes des Bohrloches, indem die Steuerungsmittel dazu veranlaßt werden, die Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang zu verhindern, während der unten im Bohrloch arbeitende Motor (6) zum Drehen der Bohrkrone (9) betrieben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel vorgesehen sind, um die Steuerungsmittel, bevor der gekrümmte Abschnitt gebohrt wird, dazu zu veranlassen, daß das Motorgehäuse (7) um einen Winkel gedreht wird, welcher einer ausgewählten Orientierung der Bohrkrone (9) relativ zum Bohrloch entspricht.
  6. Bohranordnung nach Anspruch 5, bei welcher die Steuerungsmittel (23) keine Mittel zum Steuern der Drehung des Motorgehäuses (7) um die genannte Längsachse und relativ zum Bohrstrang enthalten, welche Drehung durch die Reaktionsdrehmomentkräfte verursacht wird, die auf das Motorgehäuse (7) auf Grund der Reaktionsdrehmomentwirkung der im Bohrloch rotierenden Bohrkrone (9) auf das Motorgehäuse (7) ausgeübt werden.
  7. Bohranordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, bei welcher die Steuerungsmittel (23) ein Element aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hydraulikmotor und Elektromotor enthalten.
  8. Bohranordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5-7, bei welcher der Bohrstrang einen Wickelrohrstrang (5) bildet, der auf eine Spule aufgewickelt ist, wobei die Anordnung ferner Mittel zum Abwickeln des Wickelrohrstranges von der Spule und zum Absenken des Wickelrohrstranges (5) in das Bohrloch aufweist, während das Bohren des Bohrloches voranschreitet.
EP95943229A 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Richtbohren mit bohrlochmotor Expired - Lifetime EP0799363B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95943229A EP0799363B1 (de) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Richtbohren mit bohrlochmotor

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94203712 1994-12-21
EP94203712 1994-12-21
PCT/EP1995/005163 WO1996019635A1 (en) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Steerable drilling with downhole motor
EP95943229A EP0799363B1 (de) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Richtbohren mit bohrlochmotor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0799363A1 EP0799363A1 (de) 1997-10-08
EP0799363B1 true EP0799363B1 (de) 1999-05-06

Family

ID=8217472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95943229A Expired - Lifetime EP0799363B1 (de) 1994-12-21 1995-12-20 Richtbohren mit bohrlochmotor

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0799363B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1062634C (de)
AR (1) AR004469A1 (de)
AU (1) AU692040B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9510493A (de)
CA (1) CA2207923C (de)
CO (1) CO4480786A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69509557T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0799363T3 (de)
EG (1) EG20620A (de)
MY (1) MY115387A (de)
NO (1) NO310036B1 (de)
OA (1) OA10429A (de)
RU (1) RU2149248C1 (de)
SA (1) SA95160479B1 (de)
TN (1) TNSN95131A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1996019635A1 (de)

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US5738178A (en) * 1995-11-17 1998-04-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for navigational drilling with a downhole motor employing independent drill string and bottomhole assembly rotary orientation and rotation
US6047784A (en) * 1996-02-07 2000-04-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for directional drilling using coiled tubing
DE69940734D1 (de) 1998-06-15 2009-05-28 Brunob Ii Bv Verbesserung von pflanzen und deren produkten
US6446737B1 (en) * 1999-09-14 2002-09-10 Deep Vision Llc Apparatus and method for rotating a portion of a drill string
DE19963445A1 (de) 1999-12-28 2001-07-05 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Formaldehyd aus polyolhaltigen Reaktionsgemischen unter Zusatz von Lösungsmitteln
US6419014B1 (en) 2000-07-20 2002-07-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for orienting a downhole tool
ATE331116T1 (de) * 2004-01-27 2006-07-15 Schlumberger Technology Bv Unterirdisches bohren einer lateralbohrung
US8534380B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2013-09-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for directional drilling a borehole with a rotary drilling system
US8066085B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2011-11-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Stochastic bit noise control
US8727036B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-05-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for drilling
US8763726B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-07-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Drill bit gauge pad control
US8757294B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-06-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for controlling a drilling system for drilling a borehole in an earth formation
US7971661B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2011-07-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Motor bit system
US8720604B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2014-05-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and system for steering a directional drilling system
GB2454880B (en) * 2007-11-21 2012-02-15 Schlumberger Holdings Drilling system
CN102007266B (zh) 2008-04-18 2014-09-10 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于处理地下含烃地层的系统和方法
EP2334894A1 (de) 2008-10-13 2011-06-22 Shell Oil Company Systeme und verfahren zur formung von unterseebohrlöchern
US8510081B2 (en) * 2009-02-20 2013-08-13 Canrig Drilling Technology Ltd. Drilling scorecard
EP2920398B1 (de) * 2012-12-19 2017-11-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Richtbohrung mit einem rotierenden gehäuse und einer selektiv versetzbaren antriebswelle
US9347269B2 (en) * 2013-03-05 2016-05-24 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Adjustable bend assembly for a downhole motor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3423465C1 (de) * 1984-06-26 1985-05-02 Norton Christensen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah Vorrichtungen zum wahlweisen Geradeaus- oder Richtungsbohren in unterirdische Gesteinsformationen
DE3839760C1 (en) * 1988-11-25 1990-01-18 Gewerkschaft Walter Ag Double rotary drilling apparatus for making directionally accurate bores, in particular horizontal bores
US5022471A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-06-11 Maurer Engineering, Inc. Deviated wellbore drilling system and apparatus
GB9210846D0 (en) * 1992-05-21 1992-07-08 Baroid Technology Inc Drill bit steering

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO310036B1 (no) 2001-05-07
MY115387A (en) 2003-05-31
CN1171142A (zh) 1998-01-21
CA2207923A1 (en) 1996-06-27
AU692040B2 (en) 1998-05-28
WO1996019635A1 (en) 1996-06-27
DK0799363T3 (da) 1999-11-15
SA95160479B1 (ar) 2005-06-14
EG20620A (en) 1999-09-30
CN1062634C (zh) 2001-02-28
EP0799363A1 (de) 1997-10-08
TNSN95131A1 (fr) 1996-02-06
MX9704585A (es) 1997-10-31
NO972878L (no) 1997-06-20
BR9510493A (pt) 1998-01-13
AR004469A1 (es) 1998-12-16
OA10429A (en) 2002-03-21
CA2207923C (en) 2006-05-16
DE69509557T2 (de) 1999-11-04
AU4435796A (en) 1996-07-10
CO4480786A1 (es) 1997-07-09
RU2149248C1 (ru) 2000-05-20
DE69509557D1 (de) 1999-06-10
NO972878D0 (no) 1997-06-20

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