CN1062634C - 钻进井眼的方法 - Google Patents
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- CN1062634C CN1062634C CN95197026A CN95197026A CN1062634C CN 1062634 C CN1062634 C CN 1062634C CN 95197026 A CN95197026 A CN 95197026A CN 95197026 A CN95197026 A CN 95197026A CN 1062634 C CN1062634 C CN 1062634C
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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Abstract
一种在地层结构中钻进井眼的方法,使用一个钻井组件,包括延伸进井眼中的钻具组合(5),包括一外壳(7)及转动钻头(9)的驱动轴(8)的井下马达,该驱动轴有相对钻柱组合下部的纵轴线的倾斜方向。马达外壳以允许马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线转动的方式与钻柱组合下部连接。钻井组件还包括控制马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线相对钻柱组合的转动的电动机(23)。所述的方法包括:通过启动所述的控制装置使马达外壳连续绕所述的纵轴线并相对于钻柱组合转动同时操作井下马达使钻头转动,钻出所述的井眼的直井眼段。
Description
本发明涉及在地层结构中钻进井眼的方法。更具体地,本发明涉及用钻柱组合允许控制钻头的方向到要求的地下的目标区的钻进井眼的方法。需要这种控制钻头方向的典型应用是例如海上钻井,其中要从海上平台到地层结构中含烃类区域的多个位置钻出多个偏开的井眼。另外需要应用可控制方向的钻头的应用包括钻出水平的或高度倾斜的井眼钻到这种含烃类区。
EP-571045-A1公开了一种在地层结构中钻进井眼的方法,使用一个钻井组合,包括延伸进孔中的钻柱组合,包括一外壳及转动钻头的驱动轴的井下马达,该驱动轴有相对钻柱组合下部的纵轴线的倾斜方向,马达外壳以允许马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线转动的方式与钻柱组合下部连接,钻井组件还包括控制马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线相对钻柱组合的转动的控制装置。在该已知方法中,使用具有可调弯头的外壳的井下马达,因而在钻直井段时,弯头调到弯曲角为零,而在钻弯曲井段时,弯头调节成弯角与要求的孔的弧度相当。在钻弯曲井段前,马达外壳相对钻柱组合绕选定量的增量的角度台阶转动以便把马达外壳定向在要求的地平经度方向。
本发明的目的是提供一种在地层结构中钻进井眼的方法,其马达外壳不需设可调节弯头,而用井下马达钻出弯曲井段及直井段。
为实现本发明的上述范围,本发明提供了一种在地层结构中钻进井眼的方法,该方法使用一个钻柱组合,该钻柱组合包括延伸进井眼中的钻柱和一个包括一外壳及用于转动钻头的驱动轴的井下马达,该驱动轴有相对钻柱的下部的纵轴线的倾斜方向,马达外壳以允许马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线转动的方式与钻柱的下部连接,钻柱组合还包括控制马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线相对钻柱组合的转动的控制装置,所述的方法包括:通过启动所述的控制装置使马达外壳在连续绕所述的纵轴线相对于钻柱转动同时操作井下马达使钻头转动,钻出所述的井眼的直井段,所述的钻井井眼的直井段的步骤与另一个钻出弯曲井段的步骤交替进行,所述的钻出弯曲井段的步骤通过启动控制装置防止马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线相对钻柱的转动而操作井下马达使钻头转动,其特征在于,在钻出所述的弯曲井段的步骤之前,启动所述的控制装置使马达外壳转动一个角度,该角度与钻头相对于井眼的一个选定方向对应。
下面参照附图更详细地说明本发明,附图中:
图1示意地示出了本发明方法用的钻井组件的下部的正视图。
图1示出的钻井组件伸进地层3中形成的井眼1中。在图1中只示出该组件的下部,该组件包括成管5形状的钻孔的钻柱组合,其直径较小,例如为约50mm,在降到井眼1中以前管5以挠性管形式储存在位于地表面的滚筒上。当钻井进展时,管5从滚筒上退卷下来,逐渐下降到井眼1中。管5也称为挠性管,而用这种管钻井眼也称为“挠性管钻井”。带有外壳7的井下马达6位于钻柱组合的下端,马达6驱动带有钻头9的驱动轴8,在钻井时,钻头9切入进眼底11的岩石中。井下马达6是Moineau型的液压马达,其在可操纵的钻井中是熟知的。驱动轴8和钻头9安排成相对外壳7倾斜,因而挠性管5的下端部的纵轴线13与驱动轴8的纵轴线17成一角度15。纵轴线13和17有一交点19位于低于马达的外壳7的地方。井下马达6设有多个稳定片21以使钻井组件的下部稳定及对中在井眼1中。
井下马达6通过有外壳26及输出轴27的电动机23与挠性管5相连,外壳25的上端与挠性管5的下端固定连接,而输出轴27的下端与井下马达的外壳7的上端固定地连接。电动机23的输出轴27可相对电动机23的外壳25绕轴27的纵轴线转动。一孔(未示出)延伸通过电动机23内部,该孔提供了在挠性管和井下马达6的流体进口之间的液流通道。因此,当通过卷管5泵入钻井流体以驱动井下马达6时,钻井流体通过电动机23的孔流到下井马达16的进口。电能通过延伸穿过保护钢套29内部的电源线供给电动机23,该钢套29沿着挠性管5刚性地连到地面。在地面电源线与被合适的控制系统控制的电源(未示出)相连。电动机23还设有一方向指示器(未示出)以提供相对于挠性管5,输出轴27的角度方向的指示,以及井下马达6的方向。该方向指示器通过延伸穿过钢套29的合适的信号线把代表输出轴27方向的信号提供给地面的操作者。
在钻井组件正常操作中,如下操作钻出基本是直井眼段。钻井流体通过挠性管5泵入,通过电动机23的孔进到井下马达6的流体进口。因而操作井下马达6驱动驱动轴8及钻头9。在操作井下马达6的同时,在地面的控制系统使电源把电能供给电动机23,电动机23的输出轴27的受控的速度连续转动,因而井下马达6的外壳也以同样受控的速度转动。因此钻头9在井眼1中绕两个轴线13,17转动。因为钻头9绕轴线13的转动,钻头9在井眼1中的方向连续改变,因此没有优先的方向使钻头9扩深井眼1。因此,钻头9钻出基本沿轴线13指向的直井眼段。应该注意如果地层结构3是各向异性的或非均质的,以这种方式钻出的井眼段会发生与直线方向的偏移。但是例如用已知的遥测方法以规则的间隔测量井眼1的方法,并且如果需要则钻出一段短的弯曲井眼段(如下所述)就可纠正这种方向偏移。
当在钻出一个直井眼段后要钻出一个弯曲井眼段,钻井如下进行。首先在地面的控制系统供给电能操作电动机23使输出轴27绕着与井眼1中井下马达6的外壳7的选定方向相当的选定的角度转动,马达外壳7的该方向确定钻弯曲井眼段进行的方向。为了达到外壳7要求的方向,使方向指示器给地面操作者提供输出轴27的方向指示。在要求的方向达到后,电动机23停止工作,并通过挠性管5和电动机孔23把钻井流体泵入井下马达的流体进口使井下马达6工作以便转动驱动轴8和钻头9。因此在井下马达6的外壳7不动而钻头9转动的情形下钻孔。由于钻头9相对钻头组件下部的纵轴线13倾斜,因此井眼1沿钻头9的倾斜方向扩深因而钻出一个弯曲井眼段。
当发现井眼1的方向是沿着要求的进程的方向,钻井应沿直线方向继续进行,电动机23再工作同时连续转动马达外壳7并操作井下马达6以便使钻头9转动。为了达到在地层结构3中的目标区,钻井操作者可重复上述程序交替钻出直井眼段及弯曲井眼段。
在钻井中,由于作用在挠性管5上的反作用扭矩,挠性管扭曲,扭曲的程度取决于各种因素,如挠性管的直径及壁厚,压在钻头上的重量,驱动井下马达的流体压力,或挠性管和孔壁间的摩擦力的值。代替上述的通过操作电动机来确定井下马达的方向,可通过改变挠性管的扭角或通过电动机工作与改变扭角的结合来确定井下马达的方向,改变扭角可通过例如调节压在钻头上的重量或调节驱动井下马达的钻井流体的压力来实现。
代替用电动机转动驱动钻井钻头的井下马达的外壳,可用以控制方式操作液压马达或任何其它的合适的马达。
最好所述的控制装置不包括控制马达外壳绕所述的纵轴线相对于钻柱组合的转动的装置,该转动是由于在井眼中转动钻头的反作用扭矩作用施加反作用扭矩力形成的。
综上所述,上述方法及系统使用了一挠性管,一井下马达和控制井下马达外壳转动的第二马达,这种方法和系统不需要在地面转动的钻柱组合,而可钻出一个直井眼段及一弯曲井眼段。
Claims (3)
1.一种在地层结构中钻进井眼的方法,该方法使用一个钻柱组合,该钻柱组合包括延伸进井眼(1)中的钻柱(5)和一个包括一外壳(7)及用于转动钻头(9)的驱动轴(8)的井下马达(6),该驱动轴(8)有相对钻柱(5)的下部的纵轴线的倾斜方向,马达外壳(7)以允许马达外壳(7)绕所述的纵轴线转动的方式与钻柱(5)的下部连接,钻柱组合还包括控制马达外壳(7)绕所述的纵轴线相对钻柱组合的转动的控制装置(23),所述的方法包括:通过启动所述的控制装置(23)使马达外壳(7)在连续绕所述的纵轴线相对于钻柱转动同时操作井下马达(6)使钻头(9)转动,钻出所述的井眼的直井段,所述的钻井井眼的直井段的步骤与另一个钻出弯曲井段的步骤交替进行,所述的钻出弯曲井段的步骤通过启动控制装置(23)防止马达外壳(7)绕所述的纵轴线相对钻柱(5)的转动而操作井下马达(6)使钻头转动,其特征在于,在钻出所述的弯曲井段的步骤之前,启动所述的控制装置(23)使马达外壳(7)转动一个角度,该角度与钻头(9)相对于井眼(1)的一个选定方向对应。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述控制装置(23)包括一个液压马达或一个电动机。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于所述的钻柱(5)形成一个绕在滚筒上的挠性管,当钻进井眼进行时,滚筒上的挠性管从滚筒上退下而下到井眼中。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP94203712.8 | 1994-12-21 | ||
EP94203712 | 1994-12-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1171142A CN1171142A (zh) | 1998-01-21 |
CN1062634C true CN1062634C (zh) | 2001-02-28 |
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CN95197026A Expired - Fee Related CN1062634C (zh) | 1994-12-21 | 1995-12-20 | 钻进井眼的方法 |
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EP (1) | EP0799363B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1062634C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR004469A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU692040B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9510493A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2207923C (zh) |
CO (1) | CO4480786A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69509557T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0799363T3 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG20620A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY115387A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO310036B1 (zh) |
OA (1) | OA10429A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2149248C1 (zh) |
SA (1) | SA95160479B1 (zh) |
TN (1) | TNSN95131A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996019635A1 (zh) |
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1995
- 1995-12-19 MY MYPI95003957A patent/MY115387A/en unknown
- 1995-12-19 AR ARP950100623A patent/AR004469A1/es unknown
- 1995-12-19 TN TNTNSN95131A patent/TNSN95131A1/fr unknown
- 1995-12-19 EG EG104595A patent/EG20620A/xx active
- 1995-12-20 WO PCT/EP1995/005163 patent/WO1996019635A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-20 CO CO95060551A patent/CO4480786A1/es unknown
- 1995-12-20 CA CA002207923A patent/CA2207923C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-20 RU RU97112381A patent/RU2149248C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-20 BR BR9510493A patent/BR9510493A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-20 CN CN95197026A patent/CN1062634C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-20 DK DK95943229T patent/DK0799363T3/da active
- 1995-12-20 AU AU44357/96A patent/AU692040B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-20 DE DE69509557T patent/DE69509557T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-20 EP EP95943229A patent/EP0799363B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-27 SA SA95160479A patent/SA95160479B1/ar unknown
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- 1997-06-20 OA OA70030A patent/OA10429A/en unknown
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DE3423465C1 (de) * | 1984-06-26 | 1985-05-02 | Norton Christensen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah | Vorrichtungen zum wahlweisen Geradeaus- oder Richtungsbohren in unterirdische Gesteinsformationen |
DE3839760C1 (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1990-01-18 | Gewerkschaft Walter Ag | Double rotary drilling apparatus for making directionally accurate bores, in particular horizontal bores |
US5022471A (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-06-11 | Maurer Engineering, Inc. | Deviated wellbore drilling system and apparatus |
WO1993023652A1 (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1993-11-25 | Baroid Technology, Inc. | Drill bit steering |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9510493A (pt) | 1998-01-13 |
CA2207923A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
CO4480786A1 (es) | 1997-07-09 |
DK0799363T3 (da) | 1999-11-15 |
EP0799363B1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
CA2207923C (en) | 2006-05-16 |
RU2149248C1 (ru) | 2000-05-20 |
MX9704585A (es) | 1997-10-31 |
NO310036B1 (no) | 2001-05-07 |
TNSN95131A1 (fr) | 1996-02-06 |
WO1996019635A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
DE69509557D1 (de) | 1999-06-10 |
DE69509557T2 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
NO972878L (no) | 1997-06-20 |
NO972878D0 (no) | 1997-06-20 |
SA95160479B1 (ar) | 2005-06-14 |
MY115387A (en) | 2003-05-31 |
AR004469A1 (es) | 1998-12-16 |
EP0799363A1 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
EG20620A (en) | 1999-09-30 |
AU692040B2 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
AU4435796A (en) | 1996-07-10 |
OA10429A (en) | 2002-03-21 |
CN1171142A (zh) | 1998-01-21 |
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