EP0797486A1 - Grid, in particular flat grid (grating) - Google Patents

Grid, in particular flat grid (grating)

Info

Publication number
EP0797486A1
EP0797486A1 EP95940146A EP95940146A EP0797486A1 EP 0797486 A1 EP0797486 A1 EP 0797486A1 EP 95940146 A EP95940146 A EP 95940146A EP 95940146 A EP95940146 A EP 95940146A EP 0797486 A1 EP0797486 A1 EP 0797486A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lattice
grid
webs
nodes
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95940146A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0797486B1 (en
Inventor
Albrecht KLÖCKNER
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0797486A1 publication Critical patent/EP0797486A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0797486B1 publication Critical patent/EP0797486B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/005—Wire network per se
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
    • B21D31/04—Expanding other than provided for in groups B21D1/00 - B21D28/00, e.g. for making expanded metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lattice, in particular a flat lattice (lattice mat) made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, with lattice nodes, from which lattice webs run to adjacent lattice nodes.
  • a lattice in particular a flat lattice (lattice mat) made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, with lattice nodes, from which lattice webs run to adjacent lattice nodes.
  • Expanded metal with meshes is known, which e.g. are diamond-shaped or square-shaped. Due to this geometry, longitudinal expansion and transverse contraction are inevitably coupled. This known property results in a relatively low formability of expanded metal on spatially strongly curved surfaces. This limitation is overcome with difficulty by denomination or folding or cutting and double material.
  • the object of the invention is to create a grid which can be adapted to a wide variety of geometrical, in particular also curved, structures. Due to its geometry, the lattice to be created should advantageously have a significantly improved formability to any spatial shape and be suitable for a very wide range of needs, such as Shaping of vehicle body parts, stucco and vault reinforcement, seat shells, sculptural and architectural objects, packaging, inserts in highly moldable sealing sheets etc.
  • a lattice according to the invention can be obtained in a particularly simple manner in that ma offset from row of ashes to row of stitches - in each case two lattice knots are cut transversely and preferably perpendicularly to the conventional ionic "extended cut".
  • the grids according to the invention can be filled or coated with hardening or thermally polymerizing or drying substances or materials and can therefore be used, for example, as a plaster base and as in the roofing area products known in the market known as "lead replacement". Further possible uses are:
  • the presented designs of the grids according to the invention are preferably punched or joined or glued and shaped from homogeneous sheet or strip semifinished products and, analogous to the known expanded metal, they do not have precisely defined flow, bending joints or nodes. In this case, there is even no need to fix the nodes or crossing points if the loosely placed grid strips or wires are held in place by immediately embedding or pressing them into a rigid or elastically hardening mass. As an essential common feature, these grids have a high plastic formability and low elastic springback.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a grid according to a first embodiment of the invention, with grid bars bent in the grid plane,
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of a conventional expanded metal grid with individual severed grid nodes
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a grid made of wavy bends
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a grid according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grid webs which are bent out of the grid plane in a triangular manner,
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a grating according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grating webs bent out of the grating plane in a trapezoidal shape,
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a grating according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grating webs having a “positive coupling” that are bent out of the grating plane,
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a grid according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grid webs which are stiffened by folded triangular surfaces.
  • the grid shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to an expanded metal grid.
  • the lattice webs 2, which extend in the lattice plane, x, y plane, in the form of a beam between lattice nodes 1, are bent out in a zigzag shape, so that the distance between the nodes can be increased or reduced with relatively small external forces applied from outside. This shape already results in a considerably improved formability of the lattice on spatial shapes of all kinds.
  • the lattice shown in FIG. 2 is a normal expanded metal lattice, in which two lattice nodes 1 a are separated only staggered from row of stitches to row of stitches by a separating cut 1 c perpendicular to the actual “drawn cut” ld.
  • Such a grid is characterized on the one hand by light adjustability and on the other hand characterized by excellent formability.
  • FIGS. 3 (a) and (b) A corresponding grid is shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and (b), the grid bars here not being formed from a metal sheet as in FIG. 2, but from metal wires.
  • Fig. 3 (a) zigzag or wavy wires 5, 6 are lined up in a parallel orientation, so that there are bellies 7 and contact points 8 between them.
  • the wires 5, 6 are in turn staggered from stitch row to stitch row, clamped to one another at every third contact point, welded, soldered, etc., while the intermediate contact points are loose.
  • 3 (b) is of basically the same structure, only the wires 5 'intersecting the wires 6 1 at an angle ⁇ , as a result of which intersection points 8' now result instead of contact points 8.
  • the bracket is the same as in the embodiment of Fig. 3 (a).
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably ⁇ 90 °, optimally 30 ° ⁇ ⁇ 60 °, which results in particularly good stretching and compression behavior.
  • this grid offers a particularly good ability to be glued or coated on both sides with foils or the like.
  • This two-sided, flat gluing can be done either in the flat position of the grille or after molding to almost any room contour, which enables a particularly light and rigid sandwich or shell construction.
  • the lattice webs 2 are in turn connected to one another at the buckling points in the form of a platform 3 by correspondingly bent lattice webs 2 '.
  • the buckling of the bars 2 ' is usually opposite to the buckling direction of the bars 2, so that the platforms 3' of the bars 2 'lie in the same plane as the bars 1.
  • Fig. E If one considers the grid according to FIG. 6 as "deep-drawn from a perforated square plate", the grid according to FIG. 7 results directly if the perforated fields are not punched out, but rather only slotted and in the appropriate diagonal then included in the deep-drawing shaping in such a way that the alternating up and down ge of the nodes, combined with a 45 ° inclination of the webs, automatically results in a vertical position of the folded triangular surfaces 4.
  • This shape brings about an extraordinary stiffening of the webs 2, 2 'against kinking failure under external load. If certain deviations from this ideal geometry are permitted, then this lattice is still considerably more spatially formable than expanded metal.
  • the grids according to FIGS. 4 to 7 can be glued on one or both sides, either continuously or partially, either before or after molding.
  • the plates and shells constructed in this way which due to their design are “closed-pore”, that is to say non-aerated, have excellent “aeration”.
  • the grids according to FIGS. 4 to 7 thus also enable a particularly light and rigid, and also particularly flat, also integrally formed, that is to say spatially curved, construction of built-in tanks and storage containers. If such containers with a grid type according to FIG. 7 are stiffened, the folding triangles 4, which function excellently as baffles, must however have through openings, since otherwise "closed pores” result.

Abstract

In a grid, in particular a flat grid (grating) made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, the grid nodes (1) are interconnected by crossbars (2) that extend as the rays of a star between adjacent grid nodes. The crossbars (2) are corrugated or accordion creased between the grid nodes (1), so that the distance between the nodes (1) may be increased or decreased when outer forces are applied on the grid.

Description

GITTER, INSBESONDERE FLÄCHIGES GITTER (GITTERMATTE) GRID, ESPECIALLY FLAT GRID (GRID MAT)
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gitter, insbesondere ein flächiges Gitter (Gittermatte) , aus Metall (wie Streckmetall) Papier, Pappe oder Kunststoff, mit Gitterknoten, von denen strahlförmig Gitterstege zu benachbarten Gitterknoten laufen.The invention relates to a lattice, in particular a flat lattice (lattice mat) made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, with lattice nodes, from which lattice webs run to adjacent lattice nodes.
Bekannt ist Streckmetall mit Maschen, die im Lieferzustand z.B. rautenförmig oder quadratisch geformt sind. Auf Grund dieser Geometrie sind Längsdehnung und Querkontraktion zwangsläufig gekoppelt. Aus dieser bekannten Eigenschaft resultiert eine re¬ lativ geringe Anformbarkeit von Streckmetall an räumlich stark gekrümmte Flächen. Diese Einschränkung wird durch Stückelung bzw. Einfalten oder Einschneiden und Material-Doppelung eher mühsam überwunden.Expanded metal with meshes is known, which e.g. are diamond-shaped or square-shaped. Due to this geometry, longitudinal expansion and transverse contraction are inevitably coupled. This known property results in a relatively low formability of expanded metal on spatially strongly curved surfaces. This limitation is overcome with difficulty by denomination or folding or cutting and double material.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Gitter zu schaf¬ fen, das unterschiedlichsten geometrischen, insbesondere auch gekrümmten Strukturen anpaßbar ist. Vorteilhaft soll das zu schaffende Gitter auf Grund seiner Geometrie eine wesentlich verbesserte Anformbarkeit an beliebige Raum-Formen aufweisen und sich für ein sehr breites Bedarfsspektrum eignen, wie z.B. Formgebung von Fahrzeug- Karosserieteilen, Stukkatur- und Ge¬ wölbe-Bewehrungen, Sitzschalen, Bildhauerei- und Architektur- Objekte, Verpackungen, Einlagen in hochgradig anformbare Dicht- Bahnen etc..The object of the invention is to create a grid which can be adapted to a wide variety of geometrical, in particular also curved, structures. Due to its geometry, the lattice to be created should advantageously have a significantly improved formability to any spatial shape and be suitable for a very wide range of needs, such as Shaping of vehicle body parts, stucco and vault reinforcement, seat shells, sculptural and architectural objects, packaging, inserts in highly moldable sealing sheets etc.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird mit einem Gitter gelöst, wie es durch den Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet ist. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben. Ausgehend von Geometrie und Verformungsverhalten von Strec - "Metall", was in bekannter Weise auch aus nicht metallischen Werkstoffen bestehen kann, wurde im ersten Schritt eine Lösu gefunden, bei der die Stege bzw. Stäbe des Gitters zwischen Kreuzungs- bzw. Knotenpunkten in x, y-Richtung, also in der Gitterebene wellen-, äander- oder zickzackförmig ausgebogen bzw. ausgeknickt sind, so daß mit relativ geringen von außen aufgebrachten Anfor kräften der Abstand zwischen den Knoten vergrößert oder auch noch weiter veringert werden kann. Durc diese Formgebung erzielt man bereits eine erheblich gesteige Anformbarkeit.The object is achieved with a grid as characterized by claim 1. Developments of the invention are described in the subclaims. Based on the geometry and deformation behavior of Strec - "metal", which can also consist of non-metallic materials in a known manner, a solution was found in the first step in which the webs or bars of the lattice between intersection or node points in x, y-direction, that is, in the lattice plane wave-shaped, zander-shaped or zigzag-shaped or bent out, so that the distance between the nodes can be increased or reduced even further with relatively small forces applied from outside. This shape already results in a considerably increased formability.
Ausgehend von einem Streckmetall kann man ein erfindungsgemä Gitter in besonders einfacher Weise dadurch erhalten, daß ma versetzt von aschenreihe zu Maschenreihe - jeweils zwei Git terknoten durch einen Trennschnitt quer und vorzugsweise senkrecht zum konven ionellen "Streckschnitt" durchtrennt.Starting from an expanded metal, a lattice according to the invention can be obtained in a particularly simple manner in that ma offset from row of ashes to row of stitches - in each case two lattice knots are cut transversely and preferably perpendicularly to the conventional ionic "extended cut".
Besonders vorteilhafte weitere Lösungen der oben gestellten findungsaufgäbe ergeben sich, sobald man die wellen-, mäande oder zickzackförmigen Auslenkungen der Gitterstege senkrecht zur Gitterebene vornimmt, das Gitter also geometrisch gesehe in die z-Richtung ausweitet. Beispielsweise sind die Gitter¬ stege hierzu dreieckförmig und/oder trapezförmig aus der Git¬ terebene ausgeknickt.Particularly advantageous further solutions of the inventions given above arise as soon as the wavy, meandering or zigzag-shaped deflections of the grating bars are carried out perpendicular to the grating plane, that is to say the grating is geometrically expanded in the z-direction. For this purpose, for example, the grid webs are bent out of the grid plane in a triangular and / or trapezoidal manner.
Die Gitter nach der Erfindung können mit aushärtenden oder e stisch auspolymerisierenden oder trocknenden Stoffen oder Ma sen ausgefüllt oder beschichtet werden und kommen damit z.B. als Putzträger in Frage sowie als im Bedachungsbereich unter dem Begriff "Blei-Ersatz" bekannte marktgängige Produkte. Wei¬ tere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sind:The grids according to the invention can be filled or coated with hardening or thermally polymerizing or drying substances or materials and can therefore be used, for example, as a plaster base and as in the roofing area products known in the market known as "lead replacement". Further possible uses are:
Distanzhalter für hinterlüftete Verkleidungen, aßangeformte Verpackungen für kugelige Gegenstände u.a., Trockengitter in Industrie und Haushalt, GFK- ersetzende Reparatur- "Matte" im Kfz-Bereich u.a..Spacers for rear-ventilated cladding, molded packaging for spherical objects, etc., drying grilles in industry and household, GRP-replacing repair "mat" in the automotive sector, etc.
Die vorgestellten Ausbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Gitter werden vorzugsweise aus homogenem Tafel- oder Streifen- Halbzeug gestanzt oder zusammengefügt bzw. geklebt und geformt und sie weisen analog dem bekannten Streckmetall nicht ganz präzise definierte Fließ-, Biege- Gelenke bzw. -knoten auf. Hierbei kann sogar die Fixierung der Knoten oder Kreuzungs- punkte entfallen, wenn die nur lose hingelegten Gitterstreifen oder -drahte durch unmittelbar anschließendes Einbetten oder Eindrücken in eine starr oder elastisch aushärtende Masse festgehalten werden. Als wesentliches gemeinsames Merkmal weisen diese Gitter eine hohe plastische Anformbarkeit und geringe elastische Rückfederung auf.The presented designs of the grids according to the invention are preferably punched or joined or glued and shaped from homogeneous sheet or strip semifinished products and, analogous to the known expanded metal, they do not have precisely defined flow, bending joints or nodes. In this case, there is even no need to fix the nodes or crossing points if the loosely placed grid strips or wires are held in place by immediately embedding or pressing them into a rigid or elastically hardening mass. As an essential common feature, these grids have a high plastic formability and low elastic springback.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand beigefügter Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigenThe invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it
Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Gitter gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, mit in der Gitterebene ausgeknickten Gitterstegen,1 is a perspective view of a grid according to a first embodiment of the invention, with grid bars bent in the grid plane,
Fig. 2 in Draufsicht ein konventionelles Streckmetall¬ gitter mit einzelnen durchgetrennten Gitterknoten,2 shows a top view of a conventional expanded metal grid with individual severed grid nodes,
Fig. 3 in Draufsichten ein Gitter aus wellenförmig ausge¬ bogenen3 is a plan view of a grid made of wavy bends
(a) parallel aneinander gereihten Drähten(a) Wires lined up in parallel
(b) unter einem Winkel übereinandergelegten Drähten, Fig. 4 in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Gitter gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, mit dreieck- förmig aus der Gitterebene ausgeknickten Gitter¬ stegen,(b) wires superimposed at an angle, 4 is a perspective view of a grid according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grid webs which are bent out of the grid plane in a triangular manner,
Fig. 5 in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Gitter gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, mit trapez¬ förmig aus der Gitterebene ausgeknickten Gitter¬ stegen,5 is a perspective view of a grating according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grating webs bent out of the grating plane in a trapezoidal shape,
Fig. 6 in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Gitter gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, mit aus der Gitterebene ausgeknickten Gitterstegen mit "posi¬ tiver Kopplung",6 shows a perspective view of a grating according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grating webs having a “positive coupling” that are bent out of the grating plane,
Fig. 7 in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Gitter gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, mit Gitter¬ stegen, die durch eingefaltete Dreiecksflächen ver¬ steift sind.7 is a perspective view of a grid according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grid webs which are stiffened by folded triangular surfaces.
Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Gitter entspricht einem Streckmetallgit¬ ter. Die sich in der Gitterebene, x, y-Ebene, strahlenförmig zwischen Gitterknoten 1 erstreckenden Gitterstege 2 sind dabei zickzackförmig ausgeknickt, so daß mit relativ geringen von außen aufgebrachten Anformkräften der Abstand zwischen den Kno¬ ten vergrößert oder auch veringert werden kann. Durch diese Formgebung erzielt man bereits eine erheblich verbesserte An¬ formbarkeit des Gitters an Raumformen aller Art.The grid shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to an expanded metal grid. The lattice webs 2, which extend in the lattice plane, x, y plane, in the form of a beam between lattice nodes 1, are bent out in a zigzag shape, so that the distance between the nodes can be increased or reduced with relatively small external forces applied from outside. This shape already results in a considerably improved formability of the lattice on spatial shapes of all kinds.
Das in Fig. 2 gezeigte Gitter ist ein gewöhnliches Streckme¬ tallgitter, bei dem lediglich versetzt von Maschenreihe zu Ma¬ schenreihe zwei Gitterknoten la durch einen Trennschnitt lc senkrecht zum eigentlichen "Streckschnitt" ld durchtrennt sind. Ein solches Gitter zeichnet sich einerseits durch leichte Her- stellbarkeit und andererseits durch hervorragende Raumformbar- keit aus.The lattice shown in FIG. 2 is a normal expanded metal lattice, in which two lattice nodes 1 a are separated only staggered from row of stitches to row of stitches by a separating cut 1 c perpendicular to the actual “drawn cut” ld. Such a grid is characterized on the one hand by light adjustability and on the other hand characterized by excellent formability.
Ein entsprechendes Gitter zeigen Fig. 3 (a) und (b) , wobei hier die Gitterstege nicht wie bei Fig. 2 aus einem Metallblech, sondern aus Metalldrähten geformt sind. Nach Fig. 3 (a) sind Zickzack- oder wellenförmig ausgebogene Drähte 5, 6 in paralleler Ausrichtung aneinandergereiht, so daß sich zwischen ihnen Bäuche 7 und Berührungspunkte 8 ergeben. Die Drähte 5, 6 sind wiederum versetzt von Maschenreihe zu Maschenreihe, an jedem dritten Berührungspunkt miteinander verklammert, verschweißt, verlötet etc. während die dazwischen liegenden Berührungspunkte lose sind. Das Gitter nach Fig. 3 (b) ist von grundsätzlich gleichem Aufbau, wobei hier lediglich die Drähte 5' die Drähte 61 unter einem Winkel α schneiden, wodurch sich anstelle von Berührungspunkten 8 nunmehr Kreuzungspunkte 8 ' ergeben. Die Verklammerung ist die gleiche wie bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 (a) . Der Winkel α ist vorzugsweise < 90°, optimal 30° < α < 60°, woraus ein besonders gutes Streck- und auch Stauchverhalten resultiert.A corresponding grid is shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and (b), the grid bars here not being formed from a metal sheet as in FIG. 2, but from metal wires. According to Fig. 3 (a) zigzag or wavy wires 5, 6 are lined up in a parallel orientation, so that there are bellies 7 and contact points 8 between them. The wires 5, 6 are in turn staggered from stitch row to stitch row, clamped to one another at every third contact point, welded, soldered, etc., while the intermediate contact points are loose. 3 (b) is of basically the same structure, only the wires 5 'intersecting the wires 6 1 at an angle α, as a result of which intersection points 8' now result instead of contact points 8. The bracket is the same as in the embodiment of Fig. 3 (a). The angle α is preferably <90 °, optimally 30 ° <α <60 °, which results in particularly good stretching and compression behavior.
Weitere Verbesserungen der eingangs gestellten Erfindungsauf¬ gabe ergeben sich, sobald man die wellen- oder zickzackförmigen Auslenkungen der Gitterstege 2 senkrecht zur Gitterebene vor¬ nimmt, das Gitter also geometrisch gesehen in die z-Richtung ausweitet . Der erste Schritt in dieser Richtung führt zu dem Gitter nach Fig. 4, bei dem die Gitterstege 2 zwischen den Git¬ terknoten 1 dreieckförmig in die z-Richtung ausgeknickt sind. Bei diesem Gitter sind Streckungen und Stauchungen in x- und y- Richtung weitgehend entkoppelt und es ergibt sich eine ausge¬ zeichnete Anformbarkeit an Raumformen unterschiedlichster Geo¬ metrie. Sehr ähnlich dem Gitter nach Fig. 4 ist das Gitter gemäß Fig. 5, das sich dadurch unterscheidet, daß die Gitterstege 2 zwi¬ schen den Gitterknoten 1 nicht mehr dreiecks- sondern trapez¬ förmig ausgeknickt sind. Durch die hochgelegte Plattform 3 auf Stegmitte bietet dieses Gitter eine besonders gute beidseitige Beklebbarkeit oder Beschichtbarkeit mit Folien oder derglei¬ chen. Diese beidseitige, flächige Beklebung kann entweder in Planlage des Gitters oder nach Anformung an eine fast beliebige Raumkontur erfolgen, was eine besonders leichte und steife Sandwich- oder Schalenbauweise ermöglicht.Further improvements of the task at the beginning of the invention result as soon as the wavy or zigzag-shaped deflections of the grating webs 2 are carried out perpendicular to the grating plane, that is to say, geometrically, the grating expands in the z-direction. The first step in this direction leads to the lattice according to FIG. 4, in which the lattice webs 2 between the lattice nodes 1 are bent triangularly in the z direction. With this grid, stretching and compression in the x and y directions are largely decoupled, and there is excellent conformability to spatial shapes of the most varied geometries. 4 is very similar to the lattice according to FIG. 5, which differs in that the lattice webs 2 between the lattice nodes 1 are no longer triangular but bent out in a trapezoidal shape. Due to the raised platform 3 on the middle of the web, this grid offers a particularly good ability to be glued or coated on both sides with foils or the like. This two-sided, flat gluing can be done either in the flat position of the grille or after molding to almost any room contour, which enables a particularly light and rigid sandwich or shell construction.
Das Gitter gemäß Fig. 6 ist die konsequente Fortentwicklung des Gitters nach Fig. 5, es weist jedoch im Vergleich mit den Git¬ tern nach Figuren 4 und 5 eine gewisse Kopplungstendenz in den x- und y-Verformungen auf, allerdings im Gegensatz zu Streckme¬ tall mit "positiver Kopplung", das heißt eine Längsdehnung be¬ wirkt gleichzeitig eine Querdehnung. Bei dem Gitter nach Fig. 6 sind die Gitterstege 2 an den Ausknickstellen in Form einer Plattform 3 ihrerseits durch entsprechend ausgeknickte Gitter¬ stege 2' miteinander verbunden. Die Ausknickung der Gitterstege 2' liegt gewöhnlich entgegengesetzt zur Ausknickungsrichtung der Stege 2, so daß die Plattformen 3' der Gitterstege 2' in derselben Ebene liegen wie die Gitterknoten 1. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Ausknickung der Gitterstege 2' nach derselben Richtung vorzunehmen wie die Ausknickung der Gitterstäbe 2, wo¬ durch das Gitter in z-Richtung auftragender wird. Auch bei den zuvor beschriebenen Gittern nach Figuren 4 und 5 ist ein Aus- knicken der Gitterstege 2 nach der einen oder zur anderen Git¬ terseite hin möglich. Das Gitter nach Fig. 7 folgt unmittelbar aus dem Gitter nach6 is the consequent further development of the lattice according to FIG. 5, but in comparison with the lattices according to FIGS. 4 and 5 it has a certain coupling tendency in the x and y deformations, however in contrast to Streckme ¬ tall with "positive coupling", that is, a longitudinal expansion simultaneously causes a transverse expansion. In the lattice according to FIG. 6, the lattice webs 2 are in turn connected to one another at the buckling points in the form of a platform 3 by correspondingly bent lattice webs 2 '. The buckling of the bars 2 'is usually opposite to the buckling direction of the bars 2, so that the platforms 3' of the bars 2 'lie in the same plane as the bars 1. It is also possible to buckle the bars 2' in the same direction like the buckling of the lattice bars 2, whereby the lattice becomes more bulky in the z direction. In the previously described grids according to FIGS. 4 and 5, it is also possible to buckle the grating webs 2 to one or the other side of the grating. 7 follows directly from the grid
Fig. e. Betrachtet man das Gitter nach Fig. 6 als "aus quadra¬ tischem Lochblech tiefgezogen", so ergibt sich daraus unmittel¬ bar das Gitter nach Fig. 7, wenn die Lochfelder nicht ausge¬ stanzt werden, sondern in der jeweils passenden Diagonalen nur geschlitzt und danach in die Tiefzieh-Formgebung derart mit- einbezogen werden, daß die abwechselnde Hoch- und Tiefl ge der Knoten, verbunden mit einer 45° Schrägstellung der Stege ganz von selbst eine Vertikal- Stellung der eingefalteten Dreiecks- flächen 4 ergibt. Diese Formgebung bewirkt eine außerordentli¬ che Aussteifung der Stege 2, 2' gegen Knickversagen bei äußerer Belastung. Läßt man gewisse Abweichungen von dieser Ideal-Geo¬ metrie zu, so weist dieses Gitter gegenüber Streckmetall eine noch immer ganz erheblich höhere räumliche Anformbarkeit auf. Darüber hinaus ist es auf Grund seiner Abmessungen in z-Rich¬ tung in ganz besonderem Maße zur Herstellung extrem leichter und beulsteifer ebener Platten und räumlich gekrümmter Schalen in sogenannter Sandwich-Bauweise geeignet, indem auch dieses Gitter sehr gut beklebbar ist mit einer Außen- und/oder Innenhaut, die auch Lochungen aufweisen kann oder nur aus Streifen besteht.Fig. E. If one considers the grid according to FIG. 6 as "deep-drawn from a perforated square plate", the grid according to FIG. 7 results directly if the perforated fields are not punched out, but rather only slotted and in the appropriate diagonal then included in the deep-drawing shaping in such a way that the alternating up and down ge of the nodes, combined with a 45 ° inclination of the webs, automatically results in a vertical position of the folded triangular surfaces 4. This shape brings about an extraordinary stiffening of the webs 2, 2 'against kinking failure under external load. If certain deviations from this ideal geometry are permitted, then this lattice is still considerably more spatially formable than expanded metal. In addition, because of its dimensions in the z direction, it is particularly suitable for producing extremely light and bulge-resistant flat plates and spatially curved shells in a so-called sandwich construction, since this grille can also be very well stuck to with an external and / or inner skin, which can also have perforations or consist only of strips.
Da es wie das Gitter nach Fig. 6 eine ausgeprägte Ober- und Un¬ terseite bzw. Innen- und Außenseite aufweist, ergeben sich gute Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten. Dabei läßt sich ein praktisch glei¬ ches Festigkeitsverhalten der beiden Seiten erzielen, indem man sie unterschiedlich beklebt. Daraus ergibt sich der besonders interessante Einsatzbereich der an sich bekannten Wellpappen. Diese Kartonagen haben bekanntlich ein ausgeprägtes "orthotropes" Knickverhalten, indem sie bauartbedingt in der Richtung der Zwischenlagen- Wellen, also in z.B. x-Richtung eine deutliche, für Kartonformgebung auch druchaus vorteilhafteSince, like the lattice according to FIG. 6, it has a pronounced top and bottom or inside and outside, there are good design options. A practically identical strength behavior of the two sides can be achieved by pasting them differently. This results in the particularly interesting field of application of the corrugated cardboard known per se. As is known, these cardboard boxes have a pronounced "orthotropic" kinking behavior, due to their design, in the direction of the intermediate layer waves, i.e. in e.g. x-direction is a clear one, which is also advantageous for cardboard shaping
BERICHTIGTESBLATT(REGEL91)CORRECTED SHEET (REGEL91)
ISA/EP Bereitschaft zu geradlinigem Knicken zeigen, in der y-Richtung jedoch eine in vielen Fällen unerwünsch , gelegentlich sogar nachteilige Knicksteifigkeit mit irregulärer Falzbildung. Eine Wellpappe mit einer Zwischenlage gemäß einem Gitter gemäß Figu¬ ren 6 oder 7 hat dagegen eine absolut gleiche, definierte Knickbereitschaft in beiden Richtungen. Diese in beiden Rich¬ tungen gleiche Knickbereitschaft führt nicht nur im Bereich der Karton-Herstellung zu Vorteilen, sondern mehr noch im Bereich Wiederverwendung von Wellpappe, indem die "vor Ort-Einzelher¬ stellung" von Maß-Verpackungen aus gut erhaltenem Gebrauchtma¬ terial erheblich vereinfacht wird.ISA / EP Willingness to rectilinear buckling, but in the y-direction an in many cases undesirable, sometimes even disadvantageous buckling stiffness with irregular fold formation. Corrugated cardboard with an intermediate layer according to a grid according to FIGS. 6 or 7, on the other hand, has an absolutely identical, defined readiness to kink in both directions. This readiness to kink in both directions leads to advantages not only in the field of cardboard manufacture, but even more in the field of reuse of corrugated cardboard, since the "on-site individual production" of made-to-measure packaging from well-preserved used material considerably is simplified.
Wie bereits erwähnt, können die Gitter nach Figuren 4 bis 7 entweder vor oder nach Anformung ein- oder beidseitig durchge¬ hend oder teilweise flächig beklebt werden. Die derart aufge¬ bauten Platten und Schalen weisen im Gegensatz zu den weitver¬ breiteten Sechskantwaben- Sandwich-Bauteilen (Honey Comb Sand¬ wiches) , die bauartbedingt "geschlossenporig", also undurch- lüftbar sind, eine exzellente "Durchlüftbarkeit" auf. Die Git¬ ter nach Figuren 4 bis 7 ermöglichen damit auch eine besonders leichte und steife, sowie besonders flache, auch angeformte, also räumlich gekrümmte Bauweise von Einbau-Tanks und -Vorrats- behältern. Werden derartige Behälter mit Gittertyp nach Fig. 7 ausgesteift, so müssen die hervorragend als Schallwände fungie¬ renden Faltdreiecke 4 allerdings Durchlassöffnungen erhalten, da sich sonst "geschlossene Poren" ergeben.As already mentioned, the grids according to FIGS. 4 to 7 can be glued on one or both sides, either continuously or partially, either before or after molding. In contrast to the widespread hexagonal honeycomb sandwich components (honey comb sandwiches), the plates and shells constructed in this way, which due to their design are “closed-pore”, that is to say non-aerated, have excellent “aeration”. The grids according to FIGS. 4 to 7 thus also enable a particularly light and rigid, and also particularly flat, also integrally formed, that is to say spatially curved, construction of built-in tanks and storage containers. If such containers with a grid type according to FIG. 7 are stiffened, the folding triangles 4, which function excellently as baffles, must however have through openings, since otherwise "closed pores" result.
Besonders vorteilhaft für durchlässige, offenporige Ausführungen ist eine quadrat-gerasterte Lochung des Ausgangsmaterials mit relativ kleinen Lochdurchmessern, die dann längs der Lochreihen und auch diagonal als perforierte Biegelinien-Vorgabe und Biege-Hilfe wirkt.Particularly advantageous for permeable, open-pore designs is a square-patterned perforation of the starting material with relatively small hole diameters, which then acts along the rows of holes and also diagonally as a perforated bending line specification and bending aid.
BERICHTIGTES BLATT (REGEL 91)CORRECTED SHEET (RULE 91)
ISA/EP ISA / EP

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: PATENT CLAIMS:
1. Gitter, insbesondere flächiges Gitter (Gittermatte), aus Metall (wie Streckmetall) , Papier, Pappe oder Kunststoff, mit Gitterknoten, von denen Gitterstege zu benachbarten Gitterkno¬ ten verlaufen, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß zumindest einige der Gitterstege zwischen den Gitterknoten wellen-, mäander- oder zickzackförmig ausgebogen bzw. ausge¬ knickt sind und sie durch Aufbringen äußerer Kräfte streck- oder stauchbar sind.1. Lattice, in particular flat lattice (lattice mat), made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, with lattice nodes, from which lattice webs run to neighboring lattice nodes, characterized in that at least some of the lattice webs undulate between the lattice nodes , are meandered or zigzag-shaped or bent and they are stretchable or compressible by applying external forces.
2. Gitter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Gitterstege in der Gitterebene (x-/y-Ebene) ausgebogen bzw. ausgeknickt sind.2. Grid according to claim 1, characterized in that the grid webs in the grid plane (x / y plane) are bent out or bent out.
3. Gitter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß es aus gewöhnlichem Streckmaterial gebildet ist, bei dem einzelne Gitterknoten (la) durch einen Trennschnitt (lc) quer zum konventionellen "Streckschnitt" (ld) durchtrennt sind.3. Lattice according to claim 1 or 2, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that it is formed from ordinary stretch material in which individual grid nodes (la) are separated by a separating cut (lc) transverse to the conventional "stretch cut" (ld).
4. Gitter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß es aus aneinander und/oder übereinander gelegten wellen-, mäander- oder zickzackförmig ausgebogenen Draht- oder Bandmate¬ rialsträngen (5,6; 5',6') aufgebaut ist, deren Berührungs- (8) bzw. Kreuzungspunkte (8') Gitterknoten bilden, von denen einzelne fest verbunden (geklammert, genietet, geklebt, geschweißt, gelötet etc.) sind, während andere lose bzw. getrennt sind.4. Grid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is constructed from one another and / or superimposed wavy, meandering or zigzag-shaped bent wire or Bandmate¬ rial strands (5,6; 5 ', 6'), the Touching (8) or crossing points (8 ') form lattice nodes, some of which are firmly connected (clamped, riveted, glued, welded, soldered, etc.) while others are loose or separated.
5. Gitter nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 , dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß versetzt von Maschenreihe zu Maschenreihe jeder dritte Git¬ terknoten (lb) einer Maschenreihe fest verbunden ist.5. Lattice according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that every third lattice knot (lb) of a row of stitches is firmly connected from row of stitches to row of stitches.
6. Gitter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 4, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Gitterstege aus der Gitterebene heraus (d.h. in z-Rich¬ tung) , ein- oder beidseitig der Gitterebene, ausgebogen bzw. ausgeknickt sind.6.Lattice according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the lattice webs are bent out or bent out of the lattice plane (i.e. in the z direction), on one or both sides of the lattice plane.
7. Gitter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Gitterstege dreieckförmig und/oder trapezförmig aus der Gitterebene ausgeknickt sind.7. Lattice according to claim 6, characterized in that the lattice webs are triangularly and / or trapezoidally bent out of the lattice plane.
8. Gitter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Ausknickstellen ihrerseits Gitterknoten bilden und durch entsprechend nach derselben oder zur entgegengesetzten Gitterseite ausgeknickte Gitterstege verbunden sind.8. Lattice according to claim 7, characterized in that the buckling points in turn form lattice nodes and are connected by lattice webs which are bent out according to the same or to the opposite lattice side.
9. Gitter nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Gitterstege als flache aus der Gitterebene aufsteigende Gitterstreifen ausgebildet sind.9. Lattice according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the lattice webs are designed as flat lattice strips rising from the lattice plane.
10. Gitter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Gitterstreifen durch eingefaltete Dreiecksflächen ver¬ steift sind. 10. Grid according to claim 9, characterized in that the grid strips are stiffened by folded triangular surfaces.
EP95940146A 1994-12-14 1995-12-06 Grid, in particular flat grid (grating) Expired - Lifetime EP0797486B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4444354 1994-12-14
DE4444354 1994-12-14
PCT/DE1995/001746 WO1996018468A1 (en) 1994-12-14 1995-12-06 Grid, in particular flat grid (grating)

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0797486A1 true EP0797486A1 (en) 1997-10-01
EP0797486B1 EP0797486B1 (en) 1998-06-17

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Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0797486B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE167415T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4171496A (en)
DE (2) DE59502623D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996018468A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19721586A1 (en) * 1997-05-23 1998-11-26 Jonathan Aerospace Materials E Three-dimensional lattice structure and method and device for its production
GR980100008A (en) * 1998-01-09 1999-09-30 Multi-dimensional internal molecular support of the material
DE19910312C2 (en) 1999-03-05 2002-03-14 Wilhelm Roettger Expanded metal, perforated grid or similar grid structure
DE19913028C1 (en) * 1999-03-23 2000-08-24 Joachim Bruensch Upper knife for expanded metal mesh producing device, having cutting teeth enclosing greater and lesser angles
DE19922202B4 (en) * 1999-05-12 2004-02-26 Wilhelm Röttger Plastically deformable material web
DE19934060B4 (en) * 1999-07-23 2004-03-04 Wilhelm Röttger Plastically deformable material web and process for its production
CN109990193A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-09 西安交通大学 A kind of multistage concertina honeycomb

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE594575A (en) *
FR465110A (en) * 1913-10-31 1914-04-08 E W Bliss Company Soc Method and apparatus for manufacturing expanded metal
BE333319A (en) * 1926-04-23
DE671867C (en) * 1933-01-07 1939-02-16 Mueller Hans Method and device for the production of hollow support plates
US2125583A (en) * 1934-08-03 1938-08-02 Reed William Edgar Wire fabric
US3672022A (en) * 1969-04-01 1972-06-27 Wire Core Dev Corp Wire core structure for sandwich material

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Title
See references of WO9618468A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4171496A (en) 1996-07-03
DE59502623D1 (en) 1998-07-23
ATE167415T1 (en) 1998-07-15
WO1996018468A1 (en) 1996-06-20
DE19581408D2 (en) 1998-01-22
EP0797486B1 (en) 1998-06-17

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