EP0794393B1 - Gegossener polygonaler Wärmetauscher aus Leichtmetall mit spiralförmiger Wasserleitung - Google Patents

Gegossener polygonaler Wärmetauscher aus Leichtmetall mit spiralförmiger Wasserleitung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0794393B1
EP0794393B1 EP97200704A EP97200704A EP0794393B1 EP 0794393 B1 EP0794393 B1 EP 0794393B1 EP 97200704 A EP97200704 A EP 97200704A EP 97200704 A EP97200704 A EP 97200704A EP 0794393 B1 EP0794393 B1 EP 0794393B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
casting core
water duct
wall
casting
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97200704A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0794393A1 (de
Inventor
Jan Hubertus Deckers
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Aluheat BV
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Dejatech Bv
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Publication of EP0794393A1 publication Critical patent/EP0794393A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/026—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled and formed by bent members, e.g. plates, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/022—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being wires or pins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, manufactured from light metal by means of casting technique, comprising at least a water duct, a burner space and elements increasing the heat-transferring area.
  • a heat exchanger is known from European patent specification 0 547 641.
  • This known heat exchanger comprises two box-shaped parts attached to each other with the open sides facing each other, with the inclusion of a burner space.
  • Each part comprises, at the side thereof facing the burner space, a number of series and columns of projections that increase the heat-transferring area, which projections always extend in the same direction, towards each other in the mounted condition of the heat exchanger, and have their free ends approximately abutting against each other.
  • each part At the outside remote from the projections, each part comprises a water duct extending zig-zag from the bottom upwards.
  • the lateral sides of the heat exchanger are formed by substantially closed, flat walls.
  • This known heat exchanger has as a drawback that the heat-transferring area is relatively small compared with the dimensions of the heat exchanger. As a consequence, the efficiency is not optimal.
  • a water duct extends on two sides of the heat exchanger only, the other sides are clear and act as radiation surface to the environment, so that heat is lost, particularly when no or insufficient insulation measures are taken.
  • the projections are arranged so that They transfer the heat in a favorable manner to the or each water duct, which means that they all connect to the parts of each heat exchanger part that face the water duct.
  • FR-A-694.311 discloses a heat exchanger comprising a closed, cylindrical inner wall and a rib extending spiral-wise around said inner wall, formed integrally therewith. From the inside of said inner wall elements increasing the heat transferring area extend radially into the space enclosed within said inner wall, in which space also a burner can be provided.
  • a cylindrical outer sleeve is manufactured independently and positioned over said inner sleeve and rib, for forming a spiral-wise extending water duct.
  • a water supply pipe extends through said rib, between the inner wall and the outer wall, from the bottom part of said heat exchanger to the top part of said water duct, for introduction of water into said water duct.
  • a cap is connected to the top side of said heat exchanger for at least partly closing said burner space.
  • This known heat exchanger has a number of parts which have to be assembled, wherein at least the outer sleeve and the cap are made of plate metal.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger of the type described in the preamble of the main claim, wherein the drawbacks mentioned are avoided, while the advantages thereof are retained.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention comprises the features of claim 1.
  • the substantially polygonal form of the heat exchanger provides a favorable ratio between the contents and the wall surface of a heat exchanger.
  • a polygonal section should be understood to mean a section which comprises as least two, and in particular four or more angles and/or is partly built up of bent lines. The angles can be sharp but can also have a bend radius.
  • the water duct extends along at least almost the entire outside of the heat exchanger, so that the heat of the flue gases is optimally used and heat radiation to the environment is minimized.
  • the heat exchanger is as it were insulated by a water jacket.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention can be manufactured and employed in a simple manner and is economical in production, use and maintenance.
  • the water duct wound spiral-wise around the inner wall, has the advantage that the casting core or casting core parts can readily be removed therefrom, because no or at least few bends occur therein, which bends, if present, are moreover only faint.
  • the water duct extends in a flowing manner, like a snake around the inner wall. This prevents core material, for instance sand, wax or plastic, from staying behind in parts of the water duct and fouling and damaging the apparatus.
  • such a spirally wound water duct has the advantage that the water resistance of the heat exchanger is low, at least lower than in the case of a water duct that extends zigzag.
  • the advantage is for instance achieved that a water pump of a lower capacity can be used, that there can be a more accurate control, that a longer water duct or greater powers can be used and like advantages.
  • the water duct can be cleaned more properly and foulings are more simply prevented from adhering in the water duct during use.
  • a further advantage of arranging a spirally wound water duct is that a casting core required therefor can be fitted and supported in a mold in a simpler manner, so that the manufacture of such a heat exchanger is simpler, all the more because the number of core holes in the water duct that are to be finished and sealed after casting is smaller than in the case of the known heat exchangers. For instance, with one core support, two windings of the water duct that lie side by side can in each case be supported.
  • spiral-wise should be understood to mean substantially continuous, so that during use, water can flow, in a movement extending around the inner space, from a position adjacent one end of the heat exchanger in the direction of the opposite end without this involving the flow direction being strongly deflected.
  • Any bends in the water duct are faint, certainly less than 180°, and preferably less than 90°.
  • Particularly advantageous is an embodiment wherein no bends are included other than those having a bend radius that is not smaller than the section of the water duct at that location, or that are about 45° or less.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 4.
  • a heat exchanger constructed in one piece has the advantage that this requires fewer assembling operations during the production of a heating apparatus designed therewith, and that, moreover, sealing problems of parts of a heat exchanger are avoided. Accordingly, such a heat exchanger is cheaper and more reliable in production and use.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 5.
  • An at least partly symmetrical embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention inter alia offers the advantage that during the use thereof, a uniform heat distribution is obtained, which is advantageous in terms of heat engineering and material.
  • a casting core assembly for the manufacture thereof can be built up from equal parts, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing. This involves a reduction or even an elimination of the chance of composition errors of the casting core assembly.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 7.
  • Such a heat exchanger can be manufactured as follows.
  • a casting core for the water duct is formed by forming a cast of the water duct in, for instance, molding sand or wax.
  • This casting core is then removed in for instance one or more parts from the or each mold, and next, if more than one, the parts are interconnected to form a complete first casting core. If the walls of the water duct extended completely spiral-wise and without the above-mentioned clearing spaces therebetween around the inner wall, the core parts would be damaged during removing, because a part thereof would be stuck behind a non-clearing part of each winding of this wall.
  • the advantage is achieved that an undamaged first casting core can be obtained in a simple manner without this requiring, for instance, sliding parts or parts that can be moved otherwise in the or each mold.
  • such a heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 8.
  • the water duct wall is wound substantially entirely spiral-wise, and the clearing spaces are formed by profiles on the water duct wall.
  • the water duct so as to be alternately inclined and right-angled relative to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, so that the right-angled part in each case forms a space that can be cleared in tangential direction. This does create a slightly larger number of bends in the water duct, but these bends can be relatively faint.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 9.
  • a casting core for at least the burner space, the elements increasing the heat-transferring area, and the inner wall can be formed in a particularly simple manner without this requiring moving parts in the mold. Moreover, the elements increasing the heat-transferring area can thus be readily and optimally distributed over the surface of the inner wall.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 12.
  • the flow resistance of the heated gases through the heat exchanger increases in the direction away from the burner. Accordingly, the heat transfer, at least the intensity of the contact with the elements that increase the heat transfer, increases in the same direction. The rate at which the gases are cooled down is thereby reduced. This is advantageous from an energetic viewpoint.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 13.
  • a polygonal burner offers the advantage that it can optimally be adjusted to the shape of the burner space of the heat exchanger. Moreover, such a burner may comprise a series of flat or single-curved burner surfaces, as a result of which a burner having a favorable burner pattern can be obtained in an economical manner.
  • the invention further relates to a casting core apparatus for manufacturing a heat exchanger according to the invention, characterized by the features of claim 14 or 15.
  • the invention moreover relates to a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger according to the invention, characterized by at least the features of claim 16.
  • the invention moreover relates to a heating apparatus comprising a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show, in sectional views, a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention.
  • the heat exchanger 1 comprises an inner wall 2 and an outer wall 3 arranged around and aligned with the inner wall 2. Included between the inner wall 2 and the outer wall 3 is a water duct wall 4, whereby a spiral-shaped water duct 5 is formed on the outside of the inner wall 2. From the inside of the inner wall 2, elements 6 increasing the heat-transferring area extend inwardly, approximately at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 1. In the top range of the heat exchanger, these elements 6 are formed by partitions 34, extending parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 1, i.e. vertically inwardly during normal use.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is formed in one piece through casting and is manufactured from light metal.
  • Light metal should be understood to mean, at least, aluminum and aluminum alloys, brass and brass alloys.
  • the heat exchanger 1 has a substantially mirror-symmetrical, blocked shape with, in the embodiment shown, an approximately rectangular top plan view, which means that a highly favorable ratio is obtained between contents, heat-transferring area and water duct contents.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is formed by means of a casting core assembly 7 as shown in Fig. 4.
  • a quarter of the casting core assembly 7 has been left out. For clarity's sake, this quarter is schematically shown (in contour) in broken lines.
  • the casting core assembly 7 is of the type that is lost during or after the casting of the heat exchanger 1 and is for instance formed from sand, wax or synthetic material, such as polystyrene, or from combinations thereof.
  • parts such as slides can of course be included, which can in fact be reused, if necessary.
  • the casting core assembly 7 comprises an outer box B wherein the shape of the outside of the heat exchanger 1 is substantially fixed.
  • the casting core assembly 7 further comprises an inner core 8 and a water duct core 9. These cores are successively described.
  • the inner core 8 can be manufactured in portions and then be assembled from parts, or can be of a one-piece construction. Manufacturing the inner core 8 in portions has the advantage that the equipment required therefor is relatively cheap, at least as far as cost price is concerned, yet the processing costs involved are relatively high. For manufacturing the inner core in one part, relatively costly equipment is necessary, yet an inner core 8 thus manufactured requires relatively little finishing.
  • the inner core 8 is composed of four sectors I-IV, to be referred to as segments 10.
  • Each segment 10 comprises about a quarter of the section of the space 11 enclosed within the inner wall 2, the opposite sectors I and III being substantially mirror-symmetrical, just as the opposite sectors II and IV.
  • the four sectors I-IV can also be equal to each other, in which case, for manufacturing the sectors, only one mold may suffice and, moreover, errors during the assembly of the inner core 8 are avoided.
  • Each sector I-IV comprises a large number of elements 6 which extend substantially parallel to each other, at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the sector I-IV in question.
  • a thus formed segment 10 approximately has the shape of a quarter of a square and has, in the outer face 12, a large number of parallel recesses 13, each having the shape of the elements 6 to be formed.
  • the side faces 14 of the sectors I-IV i.e. the faces which, in the compound inner core 8, abut against each other, are irregularly shaped.
  • a number of recesses 13' extend beyond the (fictitious) boundary line 15 of the quarter enclosed by the relevant sector 10. These recesses 13' extending therebeyond are provided so that in a compound inner core 8, they lie between recesses 13 in the adjoining side face 14 of the adjacent sector.
  • a suitable density of projections 35 on the different parts of the inner wall 2 is obtained, as a result of which, during use, no substantial differences in heat transfer are created, which is advantageous in terms of heat engineering and construction.
  • the sectors I-IV are glued together or joined otherwise with the side faces 14 against one another, to obtain the compound inner core 8 shown in Fig. 4.
  • four sectors I-IV are opted for, but of course, a different number can be chosen as well, for instance two, three or more than four, which may be advantageous, in particular in the case of relatively large dimensions of the heat exchanger.
  • the direction of the partitions 34 and the projections 35 will always have to be chosen depending on the number of sectors.
  • a tool having different movable parts (four in the embodiment shown) is used.
  • a tube with the relevant inner section corresponding to the inside of the inner wall 2, wherein elements 6 extend inwardly in the desired pattern is filled with, for instance, molding sand, which is allowed to harden.
  • the elements 6 are withdrawn outwards in segments until they extend entirely outside the molding sand.
  • the tube can be divided into four quadrants, each comprising elements 6 fixedly connected thereto, in accordance with the segments I-IV of the segmented inner core 8. When these four quadrants are being drawn away, the entire inner core 8 is then directly clear.
  • the elements 6 can also be withdrawable through the wall of the tube, after which the inner core 8 should subsequently be removed from the tube, which tube can, of course, also be divisible for that purpose.
  • This also permits the use of elements 6 that have such a position relative to each other that they are not jointly withdrawable, for instance oblique projections. They can then be withdrawn simultaneously or individually in the suitable direction if they are moveable independently of each other.
  • similar projections can be used, which is advantageous for the heat transfer and minimizes stresses in the cast heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger shown in the drawing can of course also be manufactured in this manner.
  • all elements 6 can approximately have the same length, for instance when a substantially square or polygonal burner is inserted into a heat exchanger of a section having a similar form, or changing lengths, for instance when a burner having a differently shaped section is used in a heat exchanger of an approximately square section.
  • the length, the section, the shape and the mutual distance and position of the elements 6 relative to each other determine the heat transfer during use between the flue gases and the water in the water duct.
  • the water duct core 9 is manufactured in two parts in one or more molds 16 and is schematically partly shown in Fig. 5B.
  • the water duct core 9 is formed in two parts 9', 9", but a different number of parts can of course be used as well. Two parts has the advantage that relatively few joints are necessary, while the core parts 9', 9" can still be manufactured relatively simply. Moreover, these core parts 9', 9" can readily be provided around the inner core 8. Further, it is possible to construct the water duct core 9 in one piece, in particular in the case of relatively short heat exchangers, wherein the mold 16 can for instance be removed in portions from the water duct core 9.
  • the water duct 5 is substantially spiral-shaped, wound around the outside of the inner wall 2 of the heat exchanger 1.
  • spiral-wise should be understood to mean substantially continuous, so that during use, water can flow, in a movement extending around the inner space, from a position adjacent one end of the heat exchanger in the direction of the opposite end without this involving the flow direction being strongly deflected.
  • Any bends in the water duct are faint, certainly less than 180°, and preferably less than 90°.
  • Particularly advantageous is an embodiment wherein no bends are included other than those having a bend radius that is not smaller than the section of the water duct at that location, or that are about 45° or less.
  • connection parts for a feed and discharge pipe can indeed include a relatively sharp angle with the water duct, because they will be able to be cleared from the outside.
  • this is not advantageous.
  • the water duct 5 being spiral-shaped, the water duct core 9 can readily be removed after casting, if necessary, because no bends of about 90° or even of 180° are included, as in the known heat exchangers. This means that fewer or even no openings for cleaning the water duct need to be included, which means that fewer finishing operations of the cast heat exchanger 1 are necessary.
  • each wall 2, 3 of the heat exchanger 1 comprises four relatively long, flat first wall parts 41, at right angles to each other and interconnected by bent second wall parts 42.
  • the bend radius R of the second wall parts 42 is preferably not less than the section D of the water duct 5.
  • the core 9 is readily removable and, moreover, the resistance in the water duct 5, during use, is kept low. Further advantages will be further discussed hereinafter.
  • Fig. 5A is an enlarged view of a clearing space 17 between two wall parts 4 of the water duct 5, in a first embodiment.
  • the clearing direction of the core parts 9', 9" of the mold 16 is at right angles to the plane of the drawing.
  • the wall parts 4 are thickened so that the space therebetween has, in each case, no undercuts in at least the clearing direction, i.e. when the heat exchanger 1 is held vertically and, accordingly, the water duct 5 extends upwards/downwards spiral-wise, the relevant wall parts are approximately parallel or receding in the clearing direction.
  • This means that the core parts 9', 9" can be removed and joined together to form the desired water duct core 9 without damage.
  • Fig. 5B shows an alternative embodiment of a mold 16 for forming at least the wall parts 4 of the water duct 5 for a heat exchanger of an octagonal section.
  • the clearing direction of the water duct core part 9', 9" (not shown) from the mold 16 is indicated by the arrow P.
  • three axes X, Y and Z, at right angles to each other, are indicated by dash and dot lines. The upper and lower parts of the mold 16 are broken away.
  • the water duct wall 4 comprises in each winding W 1-5 two first water duct wall parts 4A provided on opposite sides and extending in a plane parallel to the X-axis and the Y-axis, parallel to the clearing direction P.
  • Each pair of first water duct wall parts 4A is interconnected by a second water duct wall part 4B that is inclined relative to the Z-axis and that is parallel to the Y-axis. This means that both the space 17A between two first water duct wall parts 4A lying one above the other, and the space 17B between two second wall parts 4B lying one above the other, can be cleared in the direction P.
  • Each water duct core part 9, 9" comprises (Fig. 5) a series of parallel parts 31. These parts are interconnected by a transverse beam 18 on which the parts 31 are arranged, via support pins 19.
  • the parts 31 comprise a first part 50 that is slightly oblique relative to the longitudinal direction of the beam 18, which is a representation of the inclined portion of the water duct 5 (second space 17B).
  • each part 31 comprises two second parts 51, connecting to both ends of the first part 50 and extending at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the beam 18, which parts form a representation of parts of a flat portion of the water duct 5 (first space 17A).
  • the first part 50 is in each case connected to a second part 51 via a third part 52 which is a representation of the portion 17C of the water duct 5 forming the bevelled or rounded corner 40.
  • the parts 31 together form, when the core parts 9', 9" are joined together, a representation in, for instance, molding sand of the water duct 5 (Fig. 5).
  • casting core 9 it is also possible to form the casting core 9 by means of a mold 16 provided with slides or the like, or by means of a mold 16 of the lost type, which means that it is lost during or after the formation of the casting core 9.
  • the casting core assembly 7 is rendered ready for use through the following steps.
  • a cast is provided of a first half of the outside contour of the heat exchanger, i.e. it is substantially determined by the outer wall 3.
  • a first part 9' of the water duct core 9 is placed, with the beam 18 being received in the first outer box part so that only the support pins 19 and the parts 31 extend inside the hollow.
  • the support pins 19 have such a length that the parts are spaced from the inside of the hollow at a distance corresponding to the desired wall thickness of the outer wall 3, for instance some millimeters.
  • the inner core 8 is placed in the parts 31 and spaced therefrom at a distance corresponding to the desired thickness of the inner wall 2.
  • the second part 9" of the water duct core 9 and the second outer box B" containing a cast of the second half of the outside contour of the heat exchanger are provided over the inner core in a similar manner, to obtain a substantially closed casting box B.
  • a number of gates and risers for feeding therein the casting melt, for instance aluminum or brass or alloys of one or both metals.
  • the casting box is opened and the casting cores are removed, i.e. in so far as they have not disappeared already during casting. Because the water duct 5 is formed so as to be continuous, the removal of at least the water duct core 9 is simple, while for removing the inner core, sufficient space is present within the heat exchanger. After the removal of the casting cores, the openings in the walls of the heat exchanger are closed, wherever this is necessary, and the heat exchanger can be finished and incorporated into, for instance, a heating apparatus.
  • Fig. 6 shows, in side elevation, a portion of a heating apparatus 20 comprising a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is vertically arranged, i.e. the longitudinal axis thereof extends in a vertical plane.
  • a burner 21 is inserted into the heat exchanger 1, which has for instance a jacket-shaped burner deck 22.
  • the burner has a relatively slight length compared with the heat exchanger 1.
  • the top side of the heat exchanger is closed over the burner 21 by a cover cap 36, extending partly along the rear side of the heat exchanger and connected at that location with a fan 24.
  • the cover cap 36 thus forms a feed pipe 23 for the burner 21.
  • a combustible gas or gas-air mixture is fed under pressure to the burner 21, wherein it is combusted.
  • the hot flue gases are then forced between the elements 6.
  • An impeller 25 (shown in broken lines in Fig. 1) is inserted between the elements 6 in the inner space of the heat exchanger, to a position adjacent the burner 1.
  • This impeller 25 largely fills up the space 11 below the burner 21 between the elements 6, whereby the flue gases are forced to flow between the partitions 34 and, next, between the staggered projections 35 while transferring the heat to the partitions 34, the projections 35 and, directly or indirectly, to the inner wall 2.
  • the partitions 34 have a radial height such that between the longitudinal edges thereof remote from the inner wall 2 and the impeller 25, some space is left free. At the ends facing the burner 25, the partitions 34 are bevelled in the direction of the inner wall 2.
  • the impeller 25 has a height such that the end thereof facing the burner 21 is approximately flush with the beginning of the bevelled ends of the partitions 34, so that a free space remains between the burner 21 and the impeller.
  • the partitions 34 are spaced from the impeller and, moreover, create little flow resistance, the flue gases can, during use, flow relatively freely along the partitions 34, with slight heat exchange. Hence, the flue gases are cooled down slowly, which is advantageous for the emission values of the heating apparatus.
  • the impeller 25 is for instance a bush filled with fire-proof, heat-resistant fibers or a ceramic bush. At least a number of the projections 6 almost abut against the outside of the impeller 25.
  • a flue gas discharge 26 connects to the inner space of the heat exchanger 1. The flue gases can condense in the heat exchanger 1 and are discharged via the flue gas discharge 26.
  • the flue gas discharge 26 Adjacent the bottom side, the flue gas discharge 26 connects to the heat exchanger in a sidewall thereof, and can be provided with a condensate discharge opening, closable by a cap.
  • the flue gas discharge 26 can be cast together with the heat exchanger 1, as integral part thereof, but can also be provided afterwards, with the interposition of a packing. Thus, a greater freedom of choice is obtained in positioning the flue gas discharge 26 relative to the heat exchanger 1.
  • the flue gas discharge duct 26 is rounded on the outside, and a particularly complete heating apparatus 20 is obtained having particularly favorable operating properties.
  • the water duct 5 Adjacent the lower end, the water duct 5 is connected to a return pipe 29 and adjacent the upper end, it is connected to a feed pipe 30 of, for instance, a heating circuit (not shown).
  • a heating circuit (not shown).
  • water is passed through the water duct 5 and heated by means of the heat emitted by the flue gases.
  • the water duct 5 encompasses almost the entire heat exchanger 1, little heat is lost to the environment, while no specific insulating measures are necessary.
  • the water duct 5 extends spiral-wise and has no sharp angles, the water duct has a low water resistance, so that a pump of a relatively small capacity and/or a relatively long water duct 5 can be used, which means that relatively substantial powers are possible with a heating apparatus according to the invention. This also enables the cleaning of the water duct 5 to be carried out in a relatively simple manner.
  • the heating apparatus can further be designed in a known manner with, for instance, radiators, a thermostat and a control device and like known attributes.
  • a heating apparatus according to the invention in particular a heating boiler suitable therefor, is compact and has a high efficiency, while it can be manufactured and employed in a simple and relatively advantageous manner.
  • the convenience time i.e. the time between the occurrence and the fulfilment of an established heat requirement, is relatively short, which has a comfort-increasing effect.
  • the burner has a burner deck 22 which extends substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 1, parallel to the section II-II in Fig. 1.
  • the burner 21 extends at least partly between the partitions 34 and, possibly, the projections 35 and has its outwardly facing sides provided with burner faces 22.
  • Different embodiments thereof are shown in Figs. 7A-7E.
  • Such an embodiment inter alia offers the advantage that the entire burner surface 22 faces in the direction of the elements 6 increasing the heat-transferring area.
  • the impeller extends less far and preferably has an end face thereof abutting against or lying adjacent an end face of the burner 21.
  • Figs. 7A-E schematically show a series of sectional top plan views of a heat exchanger 1 with a burner 21.
  • the elements 6 increasing the heat-transferring area have been left out, the inner 3 and outer walls 3 are represented as single lines.
  • Fig. 7A shows an octagonal heat exchanger 101 with an octagonal burner 121.
  • the burner 121 comprises a closed end face 129 and eight burner faces 122, arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner 121, at right angles to the end face 129.
  • the burner faces 122 have their longitudinal edges slidably confined in link-shaped connection parts 130. This allows the burner faces 122 to deform freely in a direction parallel to their own planes, so that stresses are prevented.
  • the burner faces 122 are flat, which renders the manufacture of the burner 122 simple, and, accordingly, relatively cheap, while the burner faces 122 are optimally positioned relative to the elements 6, which may all have an approximately equal length and heat-transfer capacity.
  • This heat exchanger has for instance eight planes of symmetry.
  • Fig. 7B shows a hexagonal heat exchanger 201 having six equally large side faces, with a round, cylindrical burner.
  • This burner 221 has a cylindrical burner face 222 and a closed end face 229.
  • the burner face 222 is included in slide links, while behind the burner face 222, a distributor plate 231 is included for distributing the gas flow or gas-air flow over the burner plate 222, so that a better, calmer burner pattern is obtained.
  • Fig. 7C shows a heat exchanger 301, comparable with the heat exchanger according to Fig. 7B, but with rounder corners. Consequently, the water duct 5 exhibits an even more flowing configuration.
  • Two opposite sides 332 have a greater length than the other sides, so that the heat exchanger is relatively flat in one direction.
  • the burner 321 is designed as the burner 121 according to Fig. 7A, but with a hexagonal shape and six burner faces 322.
  • Fig. 7D shows a substantially rectangular heat exchanger 401 having a likewise rectangular burner 421.
  • This heat exchanger and can readily be fitted against, for instance, a wall so as to be relatively flat.
  • the burner 421 has in each case one burner face 422A on the opposite short side and two burner faces 422B on the two long sides. Hence, the burner faces 422A and B are relatively short, so that they will deform relatively slightly during use.
  • Fig. 7E shows a heat exchanger 501 having one flat (rear) side 532 and a curved second (front) side 533.
  • the burner 521 has a similarly shaped section with five burner faces 522.
  • This heat exchanger 501 has the advantage of a flat side for simple assembly and an advantageous ratio between volume and heat-transferring area.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention can of course also be assembled from parts, but such embodiment has as a disadvantage that additional sealings, assembling operations and/or assembling means are necessary.
  • the water duct may be double-wound, i.e. consist of two or more water ducts wound side by side or one over the other, while each water duct can be connected to the same or to separate heating circuits.
  • the length and the flow-through area of the water ducts may differ, as well as the position thereof relative to the burner, so that, during use, water of different temperatures can be obtained from the different water ducts.
  • the projections may be formed differently or be designed as, for instance, partitions or ribs. The projections may have the same length everywhere, or may differ in length more substantially.
  • the length and diameter of the heat exchanger and the passage area, and the pitch of the water duct may be chosen differently, in accordance with the desired capacities, while, also, a different type of burner may be used.
  • the heat exchanger may have different sections at different levels, for instance for constricting or widening the flow-through area for the flue gases or for creating building-in space for, for instance, control and regulating means and/or a pump within the describing circumferential face of the heat exchanger, so that it can be used in an even more compact heating apparatus.
  • the impeller other means may be included for the same purpose, for instance a water-filled vessel that can act as boiler or a water duct that can act as tapping spiral.
  • the feed pipe for the fuel, the feed and discharge of water, and the flue gas discharge may be of a different construction.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Wärmetauscher (1), der durch Gießen aus einem Leichtmetall hergestellt ist, mit wenigstens einer Wasserleitung, einem Brennerraum (11) und Elementen (6), welche die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher (1) eine geschlossene, polygonale oder teilweise gebogene Innenwand (2) aufweist, wobei sich die Wasserleitung (5) spiralförmig entlang der Außenseite der Innenwand (2) und der Brennerraum (11) sich innerhalb der Innenwand (2) erstreckt, wobei wenigstens in einem Teil des Wärmetauschers (1) auf der Innenseite die die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elemente (6), wie Vorsprünge (35) und/oder Trennwände (34), sich von der Innenwand (2) aus erstrecken.
  2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Wasserleitung (5) spiralförmig um die gesamte Innenwand (2) erstreckt.
  3. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elemente (6) sich in wenigstens zwei Richtungen erstrecken, die miteinander einen Winkel einschließen.
  4. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher (1) einstückig ist.
  5. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher wenigstens eine und vorzugsweise eine Reihe von Symmetrieebenen aufweist.
  6. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher zwei Symmetrieebenen hat.
  7. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wasserleitung (5) wenigstens zwei Windungen aufweist, wobei jede Windung an einer Anzahl von Positionen mit einem Bereich versehen ist, der von zwei Wandteilen ( 4) in bezug zur Längsrichtung des wärme- tauschers rechtwinklig verlaufenden Wandteilen umschlossen ist, wobei der Raum (17) zwischen den Wandteilen ( 4) derart ausgebildet ist, daß er in tangentialer Richtung freigemacht werden kann, wobei die Anordnung derart ausgeführt ist, daß wenigstens eine Form (16) zumindest zur Bildung eines ersten Gußkerns (9) für die Wasserleitung (5) verwendet werden kann, wobei der erste Gußkern (9) während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verlorengeht.
  8. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wasserleitung (5) von der Innenwand (2), einer Außenwand (3) und einer sich zwischen der Innen- und der Außenwand erstreckenden Wasserleitungswand ( 4) umschlossen ist, wobei die Wasserleitungswand ( 4) sich spiralförmig um die Innenwand (2) erstreckt und in jeder Wicklung an mindestens zwei Positionen mit einer derartigen Verdickung und/oder einem Profil versehen ist, daß infolgedessen zwei gegenüberliegende Wasserleitungswandteile gebildet sind, die wenigstens parallel zueinander sind und vorzugsweise in zwei entgegengesetzte Richtungen geringfügig nach außen und im wesentlichen transversal zu einem Abschnitt divergieren, der rechtwinklig zur Längsrichtung des Wärmetauschers (1) verläuft.
  9. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elemente (6) in Abschnitten (I-IV) angeordnet sind, wobei die Elemente (6) in jedem Sektor (I-IV) sich im wesentlichen parallel zueinander erstrecken, wobei die Anordnung derart ausgebildet ist, daß jeder Abschnitt (I-IV) mittels eines herausziehbaren zweiten Gußkernteils (8) herstellbar ist, wobei die zweiten Gußkernteile zur Bildung eines einstückigen zweiten Gußkernteils (8) miteinander verbindbar sind, welches während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verlorengeht.
  10. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elemente die Form von Vorsprüngen (35) haben und in versetzten Reihen und/oder Spalten angeordnet sind, wobei zwischen den freien Enden wenigstens eines Teils der Vorsprünge (35) ein polygonaler freier Raum (11) gebildet ist.
  11. Wärmetauscher nach den Ansprüchen 9 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einige der Vorsprünge (35) zweier benachbarter Abschnitte (I-IV) zumindest zum Teil zwischen einander liegen und einander kreuzen.
  12. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nahe einem Ende innerhalb der Innenwand (2) ein Aufnahmeraum für einen Brenner (21), vorzugsweise vom Vormisch-Typ, vorgesehen ist, wobei in wenigstens einem Teil des Wärmetauschers (1) die die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elemente (6) in vom Aufnahmeraum weggerichteter Richtung eine zunehmende Fläche und/oder Dichte und/oder Länge aufweisen, wobei, während des Gebrauchs, an den Elementen (6) vorbei strömende Verbrennungsgase relativ ruhig abkühlen.
  13. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Aufnahmeraum für einen Brenner, vorzugsweise vom Vormisch-Typ, vorgesehen ist, wobei der Brenner im wesentlichen einen polygonalen Querschnitt aufweist.
  14. Gußkernvorrichtung zur Verwendung bei der Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit wenigstens einer ersten Gußkernanordnung (9) mit der Form wenigstens einer spiralförmigen Wasserleitung (5) und einer zweiten Gußkernanordnung (8) mit der Form wenigstens eines Brennerraums (11) mit die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elementen (6), wobei die zweite Gußkernanordnung (8) in der ersten Gußkernanordnung (9) enthalten ist, wobei zwischen der ersten (9) und der zweiten Gußkernanordnung (8) ein Raum zur Bildung wenigstens der Innenwand (2) eingeschlossen ist, wobei wenigstens eine der Gußkernanordnungen (8, 9) aus Teilen aufgebaut ist, und wobei die Gußkernvorrichtung (B, 8, 9) wenigstens im wesentlichen von dem Typ ist, der während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verlorengeht.
  15. Gußkernvorrichtung zur Verwendung bei der Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 13, mit wenigstens einer ersten Gußkernanordnung (9) mit der Form wenigstens einer spiralförmigen Wasserleitung (5) und einer zweiten Gußkernanordnung (8) mit der Form wenigstens eines Brennerraums (11) mit die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elementen (6), wobei die zweite Gußkernanordnung (8) in der ersten Gußkernanordnung (9) enthalten ist, wobei zwischen der ersten (9) und der zweiten Gußkernanordnung (8) ein Raum zur Bildung wenigstens der Innenwand (2) eingeschlossen ist, wobei die Gußkernanordnungen (8, 9) einstückig sind, und wobei die Gußkernvorrichtung (B, 8, 9) wenigstens im wesentlichen von dem Typ ist, der während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verlorengeht.
  16. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers, geeignet für einen Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 13, mit den folgenden Schritten:
    Herstellen einer ersten verlorenen Gußkernanordnung (9) mit der Form einer spiralförmigen Wasserleitung (5);
    Herstellen einer zweiten verlorenen Gußkernanordnung (8) mit der Form eines Zentralbrennerraums (11) mit die Wärmeübertragungsfläche vergrößernden Elementen (6);
    Positionieren der beiden Gußkernanordnungen (8, 9) in einem Gußkasten (B), so daß die erste Gußkernanordnung (9) im wesentlichen die zweite Gußkernanordnung (8) um gibt und von dieser beabstandet ist;
    Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) in dem Gußkasten (B), wobei im wesentlichen die erste (9) und die zweite Gußkernanordnung (8) gleichzeitig oder nacheinander verlorengehen; und
    Entfernen des einstückigen Wärmetauschers (1), der eine durchgehende spiralförmige Wasserleitung (5) aufweist.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste (9) und/oder die zweite Gußkernanordnung (8) in Teilen hergestellt wird, die miteinander verbunden werden.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Gußkernanordnung (8) mittels einer Form mit bewegbaren Teilen einstückig hergestellt wird, welche nach dem Bilden der Gußkernanordnung (8) in der Form im wesentlichen radial nach außen weggezogen werden.
  19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 16 - 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Gußkernanordnung (9) mittels einer Form einstückig hergestellt wird.
  20. Heizvorrichtung (20) mit einem Wärmetauscher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-13.
EP97200704A 1996-03-08 1997-03-10 Gegossener polygonaler Wärmetauscher aus Leichtmetall mit spiralförmiger Wasserleitung Expired - Lifetime EP0794393B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1002562 1996-03-08
NL1002562A NL1002562C2 (nl) 1996-03-08 1996-03-08 Gegoten, lichtmetalen, veelhoekige warmtewisselaar met spiraalvormig waterkanaal.

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EP0794393A1 EP0794393A1 (de) 1997-09-10
EP0794393B1 true EP0794393B1 (de) 2001-12-19

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NL1010300C2 (nl) * 1998-10-12 2000-04-13 Fasto Nefit Bv Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een warmtewisselaar, en warmtewisselaar verkregen door toepassing van genoemde werkwijze.
DE10201753A1 (de) * 2002-01-18 2003-08-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brennwertwärmezelle
DE10306699A1 (de) * 2003-02-18 2004-09-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wärmetauscher mit einem strömungsoptimierten wärmeaufnehmenden Strömungskanal, insbesondere für ein Heizgerät
CN104848527A (zh) * 2015-05-28 2015-08-19 苏州斯洛莱自动化设备有限公司 一种热能高效吸收锅炉
US11480397B2 (en) * 2018-03-23 2022-10-25 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Stackable core system for producing cast plate heat exchanger
NL2027319B1 (en) * 2021-01-14 2022-07-25 Remeha B V Heat exchanger body, heat exchanger and condensing boiler

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FR695311A (fr) * 1930-05-08 1930-12-13 Gawa Patentverwaltungs A G Réchauffeur d'eau
FR854120A (fr) * 1938-12-14 1940-04-05 Corps de chaudière pour chauffe-liquide à gaz
DE3468273D1 (en) * 1984-04-10 1988-02-04 Dometic Sales Corp Heating apparatus for a water heating system for small rooms

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DE69709207T2 (de) 2002-08-22
DE69709207D1 (de) 2002-01-31
EP0794393A1 (de) 1997-09-10
ATE211245T1 (de) 2002-01-15

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