EP0792380B2 - Cast aluminium alloy - Google Patents

Cast aluminium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0792380B2
EP0792380B2 EP95937067A EP95937067A EP0792380B2 EP 0792380 B2 EP0792380 B2 EP 0792380B2 EP 95937067 A EP95937067 A EP 95937067A EP 95937067 A EP95937067 A EP 95937067A EP 0792380 B2 EP0792380 B2 EP 0792380B2
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Prior art keywords
max
alloy
aluminium alloy
gew
weight
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EP95937067A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0792380B1 (en
EP0792380A1 (en
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Hubert Koch
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Aluminium Rheinfelden GmbH
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Aluminium Rheinfelden GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a Aluminum alloy for thixocasting or thixo forging.
  • This heat treatment is for molding the casting phases and thus necessary to achieve tough fracture behavior.
  • Heat treatment usually means solution annealing at temperatures just below the Solidus temperature with subsequent quenching in Water or other medium at temperatures ⁇ 100 ° C.
  • the material treated in this way now has a low one Yield strength and tensile strength.
  • heat aging is carried out. This can also be done depending on the process, e.g. by a thermal exposure during painting or by the relaxation annealing of an entire component group.
  • JP-A-1149938 is a die casting alloy with 3 to 6% Mg, 0.3 to 2.5% Si, 0 to 2% Mn, 0.03 up to 0.40% Ti and optionally 0.001 to 0.01% Be and Al known as the rest.
  • An example Alloy has the following composition of their main alloy elements: 5% Mg-2.2% Si-0.4% Mn.
  • DE-B-175B441 is an Al cast alloy with 0.6 to 1.2% Mn, 4.5 to 7.5% Mg, 0.8 to 2.5% Si, 0.1 to 0.3% Ti and 0.2 to 1.0% Cu disclosed.
  • GB-A-1384264 describes an Al cast alloy with 3.5 to 7% Mg, 0.8 to 2.5% Si and 0.6 to 1.8% Mn.
  • An alloy given as an example has the following regarding its main alloying elements Composition on: 0.85% Mn, 4.7% Mg as well 1.7% Si.
  • this alloy In the as-cast state, this alloy has a well molded ⁇ -phase.
  • the eutectic mainly consisting of Mg 2 Si and Al 6 Mn phases, is very fine and therefore leads to a highly ductile fracture behavior.
  • the eutectic content of around 30% ensures excellent castability.
  • the manganese content prevents sticking in the mold and ensures good mold release.
  • the magnesium content in combination with manganese gives the casting a high level of strength, so that very little or no distortion can be expected even when demoulded.
  • this alloy is ideal for thixocasting or thixo forging.
  • the ⁇ phase forms immediately when it melts again, so that excellent thixotropic properties. at The usual heating rates become a grain size of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
  • the alloy is heat treatable, weldable and shows excellent casting behavior.
  • a preferred use of the inventive Aluminum alloy lies in components with high Requirements for mechanical properties, without the need for heat treatment is.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Al alloy consists of in wt.%: 3-6 Mg; 1.4-3.5 Si; 0.5-2 Mn; max. 0.2 Ti; max. 0.15 Fe; balance Al plus impurities of max. 0.02 individual elements of 0.2 total.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Aluminiumlegierung für das Thixocasting oder das Thixoschmieden.The invention relates to the use of a Aluminum alloy for thixocasting or thixo forging.

Die Druckgusstechnik hat sich heute soweit entwickelt, dass es möglich ist, Gussstücke mit hohen Qualitätsansprüchen herzustellen. Die Qualität eines Druckgussstückes hängt aber nicht nur von der Maschineneinstellung und dem gewählten Verfahren ab, sondem in hohem Masse auch von der chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Gefügestruktur der verwendeten Gusslegierung. Diese beiden letztgenannten Parameter beeinflussen bekanntermassen die Giessbarkeit, das Speisungsverhalten (G. Schindelbauer, J. Czikel "Formfüllungsvermögen und Volumendefizit gebräuchlicher Aluminiumdruckgusslegierungen" Giessereiforschung 42, 1990, S. 88/89), die mechanischen Eigenschaften und - im Druckguss ganz besonders wichtig

  • die Lebensdauer der Giesswerkzeuge (LA. Norström, B. Klarenfjord, M. Svenson "General Aspects on Wash-out Mechanism in Aluminium Diecasting Dies", 17. International NADCA Diecastingcongress 1993, Cleveland OH).
Die casting technology has developed so far today that it is possible to produce castings with high quality standards. The quality of a die-cast piece depends not only on the machine setting and the chosen process, but also to a large extent on the chemical composition and structure of the casting alloy used. These last two parameters are known to influence the castability, the feeding behavior (G. Schindelbauer, J. Czikel "Mold filling capacity and volume deficit of common aluminum die casting alloys" Giessereiforforschung 42, 1990, p. 88/89), the mechanical properties and - particularly important in die casting
  • the lifespan of the casting tools (LA. Norström, B. Klarenfjord, M. Svenson "General Aspects on Wash-out Mechanism in Aluminum Diecasting Dies", 17th International NADCA Diecasting Congress 1993, Cleveland OH).

In der Vergangenheit wurde der Entwicklung von speziell für den Druckguss anspruchsvoller Gussstücke geeigneten Legierungen wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Die meisten Anstrengungen wurden auf die Weiterentwicklung der Verfahrenstechnik des Druckgussprozesses verwendet. Gerade von Konstrukteuren der Automobilindustrie wird aber immer mehr gefordert, schweissbare Bauteile mit hoher Duktilität im Druckguss zu realisieren, da bei hohen Stückzahlen der Druckguss die kostengünstigste Produktionsmethode darstellt.In the past has been developing of more demanding especially for die casting Castings of suitable alloys pay little attention given. Most efforts have been made on the further development of process engineering of the die casting process. Especially by designers the automotive industry is always more demanding, weldable components with high ductility to be realized in die casting because of the large number of pieces die casting is the most cost-effective production method represents.

Damit die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere eine hohe Bruchdehnung, erreicht werden können, müssen die Gussteile einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen werden. Diese Wärmebehandlung ist zur Einformung der Gussphasen und damit zur Erzielung eines zähen Bruchverhaltens notwendig. Eine Wärmebehandlung bedeutet in der Regel eine Lösungsglühung bei Temperaturen knapp unterhalb der Solidustemperatur mit nachfolgendem Abschrecken in Wasser oder einem anderen Medium auf Temperaturen <100°C. Der so behandelte Werkstoff weist nun eine geringe Dehngrenze und Zugfestigkeit auf. Um diese Eigenschaften auf den gewünschten Wert zu heben, wird anschliessend eine Warmauslagerung durchgeführt. Diese kann auch prozessbedingt erfolgen, z.B. durch eine thermische Beaufschlagung beim Lackieren oder durch das Entspannungsglühen einer ganzen Bauteilgruppe.So that the required mechanical properties, especially a high elongation at break the castings need to be heat treated be subjected. This heat treatment is for molding the casting phases and thus necessary to achieve tough fracture behavior. Heat treatment usually means solution annealing at temperatures just below the Solidus temperature with subsequent quenching in Water or other medium at temperatures <100 ° C. The material treated in this way now has a low one Yield strength and tensile strength. To these properties to the desired value then heat aging is carried out. This can also be done depending on the process, e.g. by a thermal exposure during painting or by the relaxation annealing of an entire component group.

Da Druckgussstücke endabmessungsnah gegossen werden. haben sie meist eine komplizierte Geometrie mit dünnen Wandstärken. Während des Lösungsglühens und besonders beim Abschreckprozess muss mit Verzug gerechnet werden, der eine Nacharbeit z.B. durch Richten der Gussstücke oder im schlimmsten Fall Ausschuss nach sich ziehen kann. Die Lösungsglühung verursacht zudem zusätzliche Kosten und die Wirtschaftlichkeit dieser Produktionsmethode könnte wesentlich erhöht werden, wenn Legierungen zur Verfügung stehen würden, die die geforderten Eigenschaften ohne eine Wärmebehandlung erfüllen.Because die castings are cast close to their final dimensions become. they usually have a complicated geometry with thin walls. During solution annealing and especially in the quenching process delay must be expected, which is a rework e.g. by straightening the castings or in worst case rejects. The Solution annealing also causes additional costs and the economy of this production method could be increased significantly if alloys would be available that have the required properties meet without a heat treatment.

Aus JP-A-1149938 ist eine Druckgusslegierung mit 3 bis 6% Mg, 0,3 bis 2,5% Si, 0 bis 2% Mn, 0,03 bis 0,40% Ti sowie wahlweise noch 0,001 bis 0,01% Be sowie Al als Rest bekannt. Eine beispielhaft angeführte Legierung weist folgende Zusammensetzung bezüglich ihrer Hauptlegierungselemente auf: 5% Mg-2,2% Si-0,4% Mn.JP-A-1149938 is a die casting alloy with 3 to 6% Mg, 0.3 to 2.5% Si, 0 to 2% Mn, 0.03 up to 0.40% Ti and optionally 0.001 to 0.01% Be and Al known as the rest. An example Alloy has the following composition of their main alloy elements: 5% Mg-2.2% Si-0.4% Mn.

In DE-B-175B441 ist eine Al-Gusslegierung mit 0,6 bis 1,2% Mn, 4,5 bis 7,5% Mg, 0,8 bis 2,5% Si, 0,1 bis 0,3% Ti sowie 0,2 bis 1,0% Cu offenbart.DE-B-175B441 is an Al cast alloy with 0.6 to 1.2% Mn, 4.5 to 7.5% Mg, 0.8 to 2.5% Si, 0.1 to 0.3% Ti and 0.2 to 1.0% Cu disclosed.

GB-A-1384264 beschreibt eine Al-Gusslegierung mit 3,5 bis 7% Mg, 0,8 bis 2,5% Si sowie 0,6 bis 1,8% Mn. Eine beispielhaft angegebene Legierung weist bezüglich ihrer Hauptlegierungselemente die folgende Zusammensetzung auf: 0,85% Mn, 4,7% Mg sowie 1,7% Si.GB-A-1384264 describes an Al cast alloy with 3.5 to 7% Mg, 0.8 to 2.5% Si and 0.6 to 1.8% Mn. An alloy given as an example has the following regarding its main alloying elements Composition on: 0.85% Mn, 4.7% Mg as well 1.7% Si.

Angesichts dieser Gegebenheiten hat sich der Erfinder die Aufgabe gestellt, eine für das Thixocasting und das Thixoschmieden geeignete Aluminiumlegierung zu entwickeln, die folgende Eigenschaften aufweist

  • gute mechanische Eigenschaften im Gusszustand, insbesondere eine hohe Bruchdehnung
  • gute Vergiessbarkeit
  • keine Klebeneigung, gute Entformbarkeit
  • hohe Gestaltsfestigkeit
  • gute Schweissbarkeit
In view of these circumstances, the inventor has set himself the task of developing an aluminum alloy suitable for thixocasting and thixo forging, which has the following properties
  • good mechanical properties in the as-cast state, especially a high elongation at break
  • good pourability
  • no tendency to stick, good release properties
  • high design stability
  • good weldability

Zur erfindungsgemässen Lösung der Aufgabe führt die Verwendung einer Aluminiumlegierung bestehend aus

  • 5,4 bis 5,8 Gew.% Magnesium
  • 1,8 bis 2,5 Gew.% Silizium
  • 0,5 bis 0,9 Gew.% Mangan
  • max. 0,2 Gew.% Titan
  • max. 0,15 Gew.% Eisen
    • sowie Aluminium als Rest mit weiteren Verunreinigungen einzeln max. 0,02 Gew.%, insgesamt max. 0,2 Gew. %, wobei die Legierung bereits im Rheogefügezustand vorliegt. Der zur Herstellung der Legierung verwendete Reinheitsgrad des Aluminiums entspricht einem Hütten-Aluminium der Qualität Al99.8H.To achieve the object according to the invention, the use of an aluminum alloy consists of
  • 5.4 to 5.8% by weight of magnesium
  • 1.8 to 2.5% by weight silicon
  • 0.5 to 0.9% by weight of manganese
  • Max. 0.2 wt% titanium
  • Max. 0.15% by weight iron
    • and aluminum as the rest with further impurities individually max. 0.02% by weight, total max. 0.2% by weight, the alloy already being in the rheological structure. The degree of purity of the aluminum used to manufacture the alloy corresponds to that of aluminum of the quality Al99.8H.

    Diese Legierung weist im Gusszustand eine gut eingeformte α-Phase auf. Das Eutektikum, überwiegend bestehend aus Mg2Si- und Al6Mn-Phasen, ist sehr fein ausgebildet und führt daher zu einem hochduktilen Bruchverhalten. Der eutektische Anteil von etwa 30% gewährleistet eine ausgezeichnete Giessbarkeit. Durch den Anteil an Mangan wird das Kleben in der Form vermieden und eine gute Entformbarkeit gewährleistet. Der Magnesiumgehalt in Verbindung mit Mangan gibt dem Gussstück eine hohe Qestaltsfestigkeit, so dass auch beim Entformen mit sehr geringem bis gar keinem Verzug zu rechnen ist.In the as-cast state, this alloy has a well molded α-phase. The eutectic, mainly consisting of Mg 2 Si and Al 6 Mn phases, is very fine and therefore leads to a highly ductile fracture behavior. The eutectic content of around 30% ensures excellent castability. The manganese content prevents sticking in the mold and ensures good mold release. The magnesium content in combination with manganese gives the casting a high level of strength, so that very little or no distortion can be expected even when demoulded.

    Aufgrund der bereits eingeformten α-Phase lässt sich diese Legierung hervorragend für das Thixocasting bzw. Thixoschmieden einsetzen. Die α-Phase formt sich beim Wiederaufschmelzen sofort ein, so dass hervorragende thixotrope Eigenschaften vorliegen. Bei den üblichen Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten wird eine Komgrösse von <100µm erzeugt.Due to the already molded α phase this alloy is ideal for thixocasting or thixo forging. The α phase forms immediately when it melts again, so that excellent thixotropic properties. at The usual heating rates become a grain size of <100µm.

    Beispielexample

    Eine Legierung mit der Zusammensetzung

  • Si: 2,2 Gew.%
  • Mn: 0,86 Gew.%
  • Mg: 5,4 Gew.%
  • Ti: 0,14 Gew.%
  • Fe: 0,1 Gew.%
    • An alloy with the composition
  • Si: 2.2% by weight
  • Mn: 0.86% by weight
  • Mg: 5.4% by weight
  • Ti: 0.14% by weight
  • Fe: 0.1% by weight

    • Rest auf der Basis Hütten-Aluminium der Qualität Al99.8H, wurde im Druckguss vergossen. Als Form diente eine Platte mit einer Dicke von 4mm. Aus diesen Platten wurden Probestäbe für Zugversuche herausgearbeitet.Rest based on quality aluminum Al99.8H, was cast in die-cast. As a form served a plate with a thickness of 4mm. From these Sheets were worked out for test bars for tensile tests.

    Die nachfolgenden mechanischen Eigenschaften. Mittelwerte aus 21 Einzelmessungen, wurden im Gusszustand ermittelt:

  • Rp0.2 : 180 N/mm2
  • Rm: 314 N/mm2
  • A5: 17,2%
    • The following mechanical properties. Average values from 21 individual measurements were determined in the as-cast state:
  • R p0.2 : 180 N / mm 2
  • R m : 314 N / mm 2
  • A 5 : 17.2%

    • Vergleichsweise werden für eine Legierung des Typs AlMg5Si für die mechanischen Eigenschaften im Gusszustand die folgenden Werte angegeben:

  • Rp0.2: 110-150 N/mm2
  • Rm: 150-240 N/mm2
  • A5: 3-8%
    • In comparison, the following values are given for an alloy of the type AlMg5Si for the mechanical properties in the as-cast state:
  • R p0.2 : 110-150 N / mm 2
  • R m : 150-240 N / mm 2
  • A 5 : 3-8%

    • Der Vergleich zeigt, dass die erfindungsgemässe Aluminiumlegierung im Gusszustand sowohl bezüglich der Dehngrenze (Rp0.2) als auch bezüglich der Bruchdehnung (A5) den heute bekannten Legierungen weit überlegen ist.The comparison shows that the aluminum alloy according to the invention in the as-cast state is far superior to the alloys known today, both in terms of the yield strength (R p0.2 ) and in terms of elongation at break (A 5 ).

    Die Legierung ist wärmebehandelbar, schweissbar und zeigt ein ausgezeichnetes Giessverhalten. Ein bevorzugter Einsatz der erfindungsgemässen Aluminiumlegierung liegt bei Bauteilen mit hohen Anforderungen an die mechanischen Eigenschaften, ohne dass hierzu eine Wärmebehandlung erforderlich ist.The alloy is heat treatable, weldable and shows excellent casting behavior. A preferred use of the inventive Aluminum alloy lies in components with high Requirements for mechanical properties, without the need for heat treatment is.

    Claims (2)

    1. Use of an aluminium alloy consisting of:
      5.4 to 5.8 w.% magnesium
      1.8 to 2.5 w.% silicon
      0.5 to 0.9 w.% manganese
      max. 0.2 w% titanium
      max. 0.15 w.% iron
      and aluminium as the remainder with further impurities individually max. 0.02 w.%, total max 0.2 w.%, where the alloy is present already in the rheostructure state, for thixocasting or thixoforging.
    2. Use of an aluminium alloy according to claim 1 for components produced with high requirements for mechanical properties without subsequent heat treatment.
    EP95937067A 1994-11-15 1995-11-13 Cast aluminium alloy Expired - Lifetime EP0792380B2 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP97119976A EP0853133B1 (en) 1994-11-15 1995-11-13 Use of an aluminium alloy for pressure die casting

    Applications Claiming Priority (4)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    CH341894 1994-11-15
    CH341894 1994-11-15
    CH3418/94 1994-11-15
    PCT/EP1995/004449 WO1996015281A1 (en) 1994-11-15 1995-11-13 Cast aluminium alloy

    Related Child Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97119976A Division EP0853133B1 (en) 1994-11-15 1995-11-13 Use of an aluminium alloy for pressure die casting

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0792380A1 EP0792380A1 (en) 1997-09-03
    EP0792380B1 EP0792380B1 (en) 1999-03-03
    EP0792380B2 true EP0792380B2 (en) 2002-07-31

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    Family Applications (2)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97119976A Revoked EP0853133B1 (en) 1994-11-15 1995-11-13 Use of an aluminium alloy for pressure die casting
    EP95937067A Expired - Lifetime EP0792380B2 (en) 1994-11-15 1995-11-13 Cast aluminium alloy

    Family Applications Before (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97119976A Revoked EP0853133B1 (en) 1994-11-15 1995-11-13 Use of an aluminium alloy for pressure die casting

    Country Status (6)

    Country Link
    EP (2) EP0853133B1 (en)
    AT (2) ATE201457T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU3928495A (en)
    DE (2) DE59505226D1 (en)
    ES (2) ES2158428T3 (en)
    WO (1) WO1996015281A1 (en)

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    DE10352932B4 (en) * 2003-11-11 2007-05-24 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Cast aluminum alloy
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    ES2158428T3 (en) 2001-09-01
    EP0792380B1 (en) 1999-03-03
    ATE177158T1 (en) 1999-03-15
    EP0853133B1 (en) 2001-05-23
    EP0792380A1 (en) 1997-09-03
    WO1996015281A1 (en) 1996-05-23
    ATE201457T1 (en) 2001-06-15
    ES2129866T5 (en) 2003-01-01
    AU3928495A (en) 1996-06-06
    ES2129866T3 (en) 1999-06-16
    DE59509294D1 (en) 2001-06-28
    EP0853133A1 (en) 1998-07-15
    DE59505226D1 (en) 1999-04-08

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