EP0791692A1 - Method for manufacturing a manhole and manhole made by the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The shaft is constructed from a premoulded shaft base (B) and upper shaft sections (A). The upper shaft sections are prefabricated in different heights (H1). The shaft base is formed using a height-adjustable casting mould base, with a height (H2), which together with the base gives the overall height (H) of the inspection shaft, dependant on the depth of the pipelines (C,D). Base and upper shaft sections are connected sealed and tight along their hardened edges. Each upper section has a cylindrical part of a minimum height which is increased in stepped modules.

Description

The invention relates to a process for the production of inspection shafts for pipes laid at different depths, in which a shaft bottom and a shaft upper part are formed in a mold with a core and casting mold bottom and after hardening with the upper edge of the inspection shaft lying in the corridor plane in a total height corresponding to the depth of the pipes Area of the pipes to be checked are used, as well as a control shaft manufactured according to the method.

The known inspection shafts for underground pipelines consist of a basic element (shaft floor) with holes for connecting or fitting the pipelines as well as a plurality of interconnectable intermediate parts or extensions with plug-in edges and also an upper part which is usually frustoconical in shape to adapt to the smaller shaft cover diameter (upper part of the shaft) . The alignment of the manhole cover to the corridor level, i.e. the level of the respective traffic area (street surface, tread), is currently carried out by installing spacer rings between the manhole cover and the conical manhole top.

This type of construction of inspection shafts has various disadvantages. On the one hand, the tightness can be reduced by each connection point between different components. Furthermore, there is the possibility of displacements at each connection point due to pressures caused by traffic loads with the possible consequence of cracks and breaks, which can also be brought about by the constant high pressure load on the manhole cover which is transmitted by it.

It is also known that the normal connecting elements built on the base element, such as the intermediate elements or also the conical upper part, are manufactured in tubular molds. The mold has a mold bottom that forms the lower edge of the element, while the shape of the upper edge is formed by a press die. Finally, it is known that the bottom of the mold remains adhering to the product until the material has hardened, while the upper edge hardens without a mold, so that out-of-roundness and similar defects can result.

In the control manholes manufactured in the traditional way, in which the base part is connected to several extension elements, there are consequently several connection points between an exactly shaped smooth side, which is also covered with a suitable film, and another side, which is non-round and uneven, and also has a rough surface. Inspection shafts with such connection points do not meet the tightness requirements. In addition, the poor mechanical weight and pressure distribution easily leads to cracks and breaks.

Attempts have been made to overcome these disadvantages by producing one-piece manhole tops which are connected to the manhole bottom. This creates inspection shafts with only one connection point between the shaft floor and the conical top part of the shaft, so that only a single connection point is to be designed in such a way that tightness is ensured and crack formation is avoided.

This effectively reduced the risk of leaks and cracks in control shafts, on the other hand, this type of control shaft production has not proven to be particularly adaptable to the different heights and installation conditions of each individual inspection shaft, because of the standard sizes of the one-piece shaft upper part, the length grading module of which has a value that is not below the step height the boarding ladder is inside the inspection shaft.

With this construction of the inspection shaft from a one-piece upper shaft part and a shaft floor connected to it, the problems already known during transport and installation of the normal upper parts also occur. These consist in the difficulty of attaching and transporting the upper part of the shaft to hooks or cranes attacking near the opening of the cover, since points of attack for a traverse with which it is possible to hook in from the outside and the one-part upper part of the shaft could be held. absence.

The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a method for the production of inspection shafts and control shafts which are subsequently manufactured for underground pipelines in such a way that the effectiveness of the production is improved with the overall depth of the inspection shaft corresponding to the respective depth of the pipelines and with the corridor level being aligned with the upper level of the inspection shaft . In addition, the transport and assembly should be facilitated and in the area of the connection between the upper part of the shaft and the bottom a high durability and tightness and a correspondingly long service life should be guaranteed.

According to the invention, the task is based on a method according to the preamble of claim 1 solved the way that the manhole tops are prefabricated in different standard heights and the associated manhole bottom is shaped with the help of a height-adjustable mold bottom in a variable height that complements the total height of the control shaft according to the respective depth of the pipes and the parts thus produced in the area of their on the mold bottoms hardened edges are sealed and firmly connected.

In other words, the basic idea of the invention is that a sufficient number of one-piece manhole tops prefabricated in standard sizes is available and, in accordance with the required total height of the inspection manhole, an associated manhole bottom is produced in a mold with an adjustable mold bottom at an individually adjusted height. This ensures effective manufacture of the inspection shaft exactly at the required height, at which the manhole cover and the road surface or other traffic areas lie on one level.

According to a further feature of the invention, a corresponding seal is attached to the mold base during the manufacture of the manhole bottom and molded or embedded in the edge during the shaping process. This ensures that the seal and its long service life, as well as a good seal in the joint between the shaft floor and the shaft top, are guaranteed after the shaft upper and the shaft floor have been joined together.

According to a further feature of the invention, the upper part of the manhole and the bottom of the manhole are fastened in the area of their connecting joint by a suitable fastening means, For example, a fastening ring attached to the shaft floor and upper shaft part, rigidly connected to one another. As a result, pressure loads occurring in this area are absorbed and the connection point between the upper part of the shaft and the base is designed to be shock and break-proof. On the other hand, assembly is simplified since the inspection shaft can be transported as a whole and lowered into the excavation pit with the pipes to be connected and checked without any further adaptation measures.

The fracture resistance and tightness in the area of the connecting joint is also ensured by the fact that the mold bases remain at the edge after the shaping process until they have hardened, and thus well-rounded, flat edge areas at which the top part of the shaft and the bottom of the shaft are joined are achieved.

According to a further feature of the invention, recesses are formed in the upper section of the upper part of the shaft for temporarily hanging in a lathe, so that the upper part of the shaft, but also - due to its rigid connection to the shaft floor - the assembled control shaft during transport and lowering into the Excavation pit can be handled in a simple manner.

Advantageous further developments and expedient refinements of the invention are listed in the subclaims.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht eines als einteiliges Element ausgebildeten Schachtobertelis in einem axialen Schnitt, mit einer Einstiegleiter und einem am unteren Rand bis zur vollständigen Aushärtung verbleibenden Gußformboden;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht eines Schachtbodens in einem axialen Schnitt während des Herstellungsprozesses, mit einem die Randausbildung des Schachtbodens bewirkenden Gußformrand;

Fig. 3

eine axiale senkrechte Schnittansicht eines Schachtbodens in der für den Zusammenbau mit einem Schachtoberteil nach Fig. 1 bereiten Gebrauchsstellung;

Fig. 4

eine vergrößerte Teilansicht eines Stütz- und Verstellsystems zum Halten und Positionieren des Gußformbodens in der zur Erzielung der gewünschten Höhe des Schachtbodens erforderlichen Position, mit einer am Gußformboden gehaltenen und zur Anbringung am Schachtbodenrand vorgesehenen Dichtung;

Fig. 5

eine Schnittansicht der ineinandergefügten Ränder des Schachtbodens und des einteiligen Schachtoberteils, aus der die vorteilhaften Verhältnisse der Abdichtung und Gewichtsverteilung zwischen Schachtboden und Schachtoberteil erkennbar sind; und

Fig. 6

eine axiale senkrechte Schnittansicht eines in einer gewünschten Höhe zusammengebauten Kontrollschachtes mit den für den Transport zum Einbauort erforderlichen Vorrichtungen.

In the following an embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of a one-piece element trained upper shaft in an axial section, with an access ladder and a mold bottom remaining at the lower edge until fully hardened;

Fig. 2

a side view of a shaft bottom in an axial section during the manufacturing process, with a mold edge causing the edge formation of the shaft bottom;

Fig. 3

an axial vertical sectional view of a shaft bottom in the ready position for assembly with a shaft upper part according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 4

an enlarged partial view of a support and adjustment system for holding and positioning the mold bottom in the position required to achieve the desired height of the manhole bottom, with a seal held on the mold bottom and intended for attachment to the edge of the manhole bottom;

Fig. 5

a sectional view of the interlocked edges of the shaft bottom and the one-piece shaft top, from which the advantageous conditions of sealing and weight distribution between the shaft bottom and shaft top can be seen; and

Fig. 6

an axial vertical sectional view of a control shaft assembled at a desired height with the devices required for transport to the installation site.

The one-piece upper shaft part A is in a known manner with an upper truncated cone-shaped part and a cylindrical part of minimal height or also in one or more module (s) M, i.e. dimension constant, increased height of the cylindrical part by standardized, graded total heights H1 Obtain shaft upper part A, manufactured.

The size of a module M corresponds to the distance between the rungs S, which are attached to the inside of the frustoconical part and the cylindrical part of the one-piece manhole top part A.

The upper shaft part A is manufactured according to a known method in vibro-compression casting, the casting mold base 2 remaining on the casting after molding, so that an exact shape of the edge 1 is ensured after curing.

In the interior of the truncated cone of the upper shaft part A, two cutouts 3 and 4 are provided, into which the two ends of a crossmember 5 described below can be inserted for transport purposes.

The one-piece upper shaft part A thus differs from the previously known similar parts by the two recesses 3 and 4 and in terms of the manufacturing process by leaving the mold bottom 2 on the edge of the upper shaft part until the material has hardened.

According to the invention, the shaft bottom B is produced by vibro-compression molding in a casting mold formed from a core 11 and a mold shell 12. The height of the shaft base B is determined by the positioning of a mold base 13 arranged within the mold, which, as can be seen from FIG. 2, over a plurality of spacer rings 14 is supported, for example, on a work surface 15.

4, the mold base 13 is brought into position with a spacer ring 14f, a number of further spacer rings 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d and 14e being placed arbitrarily around the core 11 in order to achieve the intended height H2 of the shaft base B. The addition or omission of spacer rings 14 leads to a variable height H2 in the manufacture of each individual manhole base B according to the respective requirements.

Of course, the spacer rings can also be replaced by oil-hydraulic devices for moving the mold base 13 or fixing it in a specific position. Likewise, the mold base 13 can also be handled with mechanical, oleodynamic or pneumatic devices which are connected to the core 11, thereby, as shown in FIG. 3, the mold base 13 for the production of manhole bases B with a predetermined height H2 or any changes in height to bring h1, h2, h3, h4 etc. into its specific position.

With these simple measures according to the present method, it is thus possible to assemble a one-piece manhole top part A prefabricated in a series of standard dimensions determined by the respective total height H1 with a manhole bottom B made to order, which, as shown in FIG total height H of the control shaft to be installed relative to the height H2 is produced, specifically to the respective depth of the pipes to be checked C and D.

Even with the inspection shafts manufactured according to the known prior art, the shaft bottoms B have to be used despite fixed height dimensions are ordered and manufactured according to the respective application, specifically because of the different diameters and angular positions of the connection holes C ', D' for the pipes C, D due to the angular position and size of the pipes C and D to be checked.

According to the present invention, shaft bottoms B are thus produced which, in addition to the diameters and angles of the connection holes C ', D', which are matched to the respective pipelines, also have a height H2 which can be adapted to the depth of the pipelines and a corresponding sealing system with a seal 17, so that ultimately inspection shafts can be made available which adapt to any position of the pipelines to be checked.

With reference to Figures 1 to 6, it is also possible according to the present invention to assemble the two parts in advance, so that they can be transported in one piece, lowered into the construction pit and connected to the corresponding pipelines, the manhole cover without further Adjustment work with the road surface or the tread is in one plane.

For this purpose, the parts which are plugged into one another in the edge area and already provided with a seal 17 - shaft bottom B and shaft upper part A - are attached via one (or more) fastening ring (s) 19 which are (are) attached with dowel screws 20 or other suitable means, connected so that the inspection shaft can be handled in one piece.

The mounting ring 19 also has the advantage that it centers the upper shaft part A and the shaft bottom B to each other and counteracts the side pressures caused by the Traffic loads are transmitted via the manhole cover and arise at the connection point between the manhole bottom and the upper part.

The lifting and transporting of the entire inspection shaft or only of the upper shaft part A is made possible by the recesses 3 and 4 provided according to the invention in the frustoconical part. As can be seen from Fig. 6, the recesses 3 and 4 allow the introduction of a cross member 5, which is preferably provided with a centrally arranged eyelet or crank 5 'for hooking in the load hook of a hoist.

From the foregoing description and the drawings, it is clear that inspection wells of any size can be provided in accordance with the present invention. These have a single connection point made impermeable with a seal 17, the tightness of which is additionally improved by the design and hardening of the edge 1 of the shaft upper part A and the edge 16 of the shaft bottom B using mold bases 2 and 13, respectively. While the upper parts of the manhole are made in different, graded standard heights, the manhole bottoms B can be produced by simply moving the mold bottom 13 by means of spacer rings 14 to adapt to the desired overall size of the inspection manhole in variable heights H2.

Attaching the seal during the manufacture of the shaft floor B ensures its quality and operational safety over a long period of time.

The prefabrication of manhole tops A in standard heights H1 and the manufacture of manhole bottoms B in a specific height H2 to order allows at any time to achieve the desired total height H with one of the shaft tops A in stock and to achieve short delivery times for a complete inspection shaft.

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described, but can also be used for other types of shaft upper parts and floors A and B, for example for square parts or those with inverted edges 1 and 16 with a seal 17 still attached to the floor. These and similar adaptation measures and changes are within the scope of the invention.

Reference symbol list:

A

one-piece manhole top

B

Manhole bottom

H1

Height of the upper part of the shaft

H2

Height of the shaft floor

H

Total height of the inspection shaft

M

Module (dimension constant), height gradation from H1

h1, h2

Changes in height of B

S

Ladder rungs

CD

Pipelines

CD'

Connection holes

1

Edge of the upper part of the shaft

2nd

Mold bottom for shaft upper part

3/4

Recesses

5

traverse

5 '

central cranking of the traverse

11

Core of the form

12th

Molded cover

13

Mold bottom for manhole bottom

14

Spacer rings

14a-14f

Spacer rings

15

Work surface

16

Edge of the shaft floor

17th

poetry

19th

Mounting ring

20th

Dowel screws

Claims (13)

Process for the production of inspection shafts, each for pipelines (C, D) laid at different depths, in which a shaft base (B) and a one-piece upper part (A.) Of a shaft (12) with core (11) and mold bottom (2, 13) ) are formed and after hardening with the upper edge of the inspection shaft lying in the corridor level, with an overall height (H) corresponding to the depth of the pipes to be checked (C, D), are inserted into the floor, characterized in that the upper shaft parts (A) are of different standard heights (H1) prefabricated and the associated manhole bottom (B) is shaped with the help of a height-adjustable mold bottom (13) in a height (H2) that complements the total height (H) of the control shaft according to the respective depth of the pipes (C, D) and so produced parts (A, B) in the region of their edges (16, 1) which have hardened on the mold parts (13, 2) in a sealing and fixed manner n. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the shaft - starting from a constant height of its frustoconical upper section - has a minimum necessary height in its cylindrical section which can be changed in stepped modules (M) by the mold bottom (2) of the upper part of the shaft (A) is locked in certain standard positions during the molding process. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the stepped modules (M) correspond to the distance between ladder rungs (S) provided on the inside of the upper shaft part (A). Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mold base (2) remains on the lower edge (1) of the shaft top (A) after the shaping until the shaped material has completely hardened. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that recesses (3, 4) for receiving a cross member (5) for handling the upper shaft part (A) are formed on the inner sides of the frustoconical section of the upper shaft part (A). Method according to claim 1, that the position of the mold base (13) during the shaping process of the shaft base (B) for the variable formation of the height (H2) with the aid of spacer rings (14) or spacer rings (14a to 14f) of different heights or continuously with mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic adjustment means in different height levels (h1, h2, h3 etc.) is set. A method according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that a seal (17) is inserted and held on the mold base (13) provided for forming the edge (16) of the base (B) and during the shaping process on the edge (16) of the base (B) is molded. Method according to one of claims 1 and 6 and 7, characterized in that the casting mold base (13) is removed from the edge (16) of the shaft base (B) only after the curing process following the shaping. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the one-piece manhole top part (A) present in the standard height (H1) and the manhole bottom (B) shaped in the variable height (H2) are joined in the region of their edges (1, 16) and then connected to one another by means of fasteners to form a one-piece inspection shaft. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that a fastening ring (19) spanning the connection point between the upper shaft part (A) and the shaft floor (B) and being fastened to both sides of the butt joint by means of dowel screws (20) as fastening means. Method according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that after the manhole top part (A) and manhole bottom (B) have been joined together, a plurality of fastening rings (19) are attached in the region of the connection point. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the control shaft assembled in height (H) in accordance with the respective depth of the pipes ((C, D) to be checked) is raised in one piece on the crossbar (5) suspended in the cutouts , is transported and lowered into a construction pit for the connection of the underground pipelines in such a way that the upper edge of the shaft upper part (A) and the connection openings (C ', D') provided for the traffic area and in the shaft floor (B) and the pipes (C, D) each lie in one plane or in flight. Control shaft, each for different Deep pipelines (C, D), consisting of a one-piece manhole top (A) with ladder rungs (S) attached to its inner wall and a manhole bottom (B) with connection holes (C ', D') for the pipes (C, D) and a seal (17) arranged at the junction between the shaft floor (B) and the shaft upper part (A), characterized in that the shaft upper part (A) has a standard height (H1) graded according to the rung spacing and the shaft floor (B) a variable, each for Total height (H) of the inspection shaft corresponding to the respective position of the pipes (C, D) has an additional height (H2), the seal (17) being firmly embedded in the edge (16) of the shaft bottom (B) and the upper shaft part (A) and the shaft floor (B) in the region of the butt joint of their edges (1, 16) are fastened by fastening means (19, 20) to form a unit-forming inspection shaft, which is located inside the frustoconical section hees upper shaft part (A) has recesses (3, 4) for temporarily receiving a load suspension device (5).

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