Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
  • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
  • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B27/00—Hand grenades
  • F42B27/08—Hand grenades with handle

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an arrangement for spon ⁇ taneously establishing a smoke screen specifically for self screening of the individual soldier. More specifi ⁇ cally, the invention relates to an arrangement in a smoke hand grenade comprising a container which per se holds a liquid smoke material.
• the present invention is developed in connection with rapid self screening of the visible and proximity infra ⁇ red spectral range of a soldier in a critical combat situation.
• GB patent publication 1 149 982 discloses a shell com- prising inter alia a metal casing wherein a liquid smoke material is absorbed in a powder (calsium silicate, neu ⁇ tral) and is located in the cavity of the grenade.
• a powder calsium silicate, neu ⁇ tral
• the grenade according to said GB publication will generate an environment hostile smoke as the powder into which the liquid smoke has been absorbed, is scattered on the ground onto which the gre ⁇ nade lands, which will render acidic fallout which cannot be neutralized. Consequently, this principle will today not be applicable in a novel smoke grenade for the army.
• the suggested subject matter of the invention is a hand grenade in PCDF (plastics).
• PCDF plastics
• the liquid smoke which is in its own room in the grenade, will react with the moisture of the air after the bursting and emit hydrochloric acid as a by-product.
• An object of the present invention is aiming for provid ⁇ ing a rapidly functioning smoke hand grenade which is substantially less poisonous than present smoke hand grenades based on zink chloride smoke (ZnCl 2 ) (HC-s oke).
• the smoke material according to the present invention is titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 abbreviated TTC). Besides, the toxicity of smoke based on hydrolyse of TiCl 4 is very low.
• the smoke grenade is to be favourable for the environment, i.e. it should in sum not be specifically pollution and acid promotional on the environment.
• This objective is achieved by including calsium powder in the smoke canister in a stoichiometric relation of the hydro ⁇ chloric acid which is given off by hydrolyse of TTC dur ⁇ ing the generation of smoke.
• the total reaction is:
• reaction products calsium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and titan ⁇ ium dioxide (Ti0 2 ) are compounds which do not have a negative influence on the natural environment.
• a second aspect of the invention is that the calsium layer in the container around the inner compartment con ⁇ taining the liquid smoke, will neutralize the liquid smoke which diffuse through the plastics out from the inner container. Without this layer which thereby is quite substantial for the grenade, the liquid smoke/hydrochloric acid would be released and would in ⁇ fluence the environment in the storage. More than 10-15 years in a stand-by storage would involve unacceptable corrosion of other storage material.
• the firing mechanism of the grenade could be replaced by a metal insert equipped with a blasting cap and an ejector charge, so that the smoke canister can be fired from an appropriate discharge pipe, for example for screening battle field vehicles.
• Fig. 1 is a view partly in section of a smoke hand gre ⁇ nade, standard version, according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a view partly in section of an alternative construction of the smoke grenade according to the inven- tion.
• Fig. 3 is a section through a smoke canister which by removing the bottom plug (B) in standard version or in alternative version of the smoke hand grenade, can extend the screening time for the smoke hand grenade by letting the canister remain on the ground and give off smoke in approximately 20 seconds after the instantaneous part (Fig. 1 or Fig. 2) has burst and given off smoke.
• Fig. 4 is a section through a module which can replace the ignition mechanism for the hand grenade by being screwed thereinto in a simple manner, and thereby trans ⁇ fer the smoke hand grenade to a smoke ammunition which can be fired from an appropriate discharge pipe.
• a hand grenade in a known manner by holding the same in the right hand, whereafter the pulling ring 1 with the safety bolt 2 is pulled out and the grenade is thrown.
• a spring loaded striking arm having an ignition pin will strike against a blasting cap which ignite a delay charge which when being burned out (approximately 3 seconds) thereafter will fire the bursting charge 7 in the centre pipe, whereby the canister is burst and scatters the smoke material 9 and the acid neutralizing material 8. This will be scattered on the ground under the bursting point and will neutral ⁇ ize the hydrochloric acid from the liquid smoke falling on the ground.
• Fig. 2 there is illustrated part of a section through a variant of the smoke hand grenade, the latter compris ⁇ ing an outer pipe and a centre pipe including a container of shatter-proof glass which is arranged around the centre pipe, and which contains the liquid smoke, and wherein the acid neutralizing material fills up around the glass container.
• the glass container and the canister is broken by the pres ⁇ sure from the busting charge when this is fired, for thereby scattering smoke and the acid neutralizing compo- nent.
• Fig. 3 illustrates a section through a smoke canister which the smoke hand grenade according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can be equipped with, by removing the plug 12 and screwing the attachment plug 17 into the bottom.
• the bursting charge will be fired in the tra ⁇ jectory and the heat from the charge will fire the igni ⁇ tion conveyor in the attachment plug 17, which immediate ⁇ ly will send a flame tongue into the ignition charge 21 , which for example can be a thermite mixture, and which burns through the sleeve around the ignition charge and fires the surface of the smoke charge, preferably as a pyrotechnical charge, whereby the smoke gas escapes through the smoke channels 20 in the the charge and out through the holes 22 in the bottom of the canister.
• the canister will lay on the ground and burn whilst continu ⁇ ously releasing smoke in 20-30 seconds.
• Fig. 4 illustrates an insert or module which can be screwed into the smoke hand grenade instead of the igni ⁇ tion mechanism 3, whereby the canister can be fired from its own discharge pipe eqipped with a centre blasting bolt and an inner diameter which is adapted to the canis ⁇ ter.
• the field of application can be training smoke for armoured vehicles wherein the original pipes for dis ⁇ charging smoke are equipped with insert pipes which have been adapted to the modified smoke hand grenade.
• the pipes are firstly loaded and there ⁇ after fired from the vehicles by pressing the discharge button for the smoke, whereby through a not specified reacation chain, the blasting bolt in the insert pipe will strike against the blasting cap 23 which ignites the conveyor 24 which in turn fires the ejector charge 26, whereby the hot combustion gases blow out through the holes 25 in the rear element and eject the canister, at the same time as the heat from the combustion also will ignite the delay unit 27 which after approximately 1 second will fire the bursting charge 28 so that the can ⁇ ister is bursting in the air as previously described, for generating an instantaneous, environment favourable smoke screen approximately 20 metres from the vehicle.
• the smoke material in the previously discussed smoke hand grenades or canisters is titanium tetrachloride TiCl 4 .
• the acid neutralizing material can be calsuium CaC0 3 , ammonia (30-35%) in water or an alifatic amine or some other acid neutralizing compound.
• the titanium tetrachloride can be present as a liquid phase, this liquid by contacting the moisture of the air spontaneously reacting for generation of white smoke.
• the heat dissipation by this reaction is relative ⁇ ly small. Consequently, there exists no danger for put ⁇ ting the vegitation on fire by using this smoke material, if the smoke canister of Fig. 3 is not attached to the smoke hand grenade.
• a pyrotechnical smoke charge In a canister dissipating smoke from the ground there will preferably be used a pyrotechnical smoke charge. This can give off TTC smoke or HC smoke if one reduces the requirement regarding toxicity.
• the elements of the smoke hand grenade can appropriately be injection moulded plastics material (for example PV- DF).
• the bottom including pipe can be injection moulded in one member and the lid in a second member.
• the lid can appropriately be added to said first member by ultra sonic welding, see Fig. 1, reference numeral 8.
• the shatter-proof, double-walled glass container illust ⁇ rated in Fig. 2 can easily be manufactured by letting the glass pipe which is to constitute the wall towards the centre pipe of the container, be arranged in a second glass pipe having a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the glass container, whereafter the pipes are welded against each other at the ends thereof, with a successive curing. Thereafter, there is attached a smaller inlet pipe by welding, which after filling of TTC is closed by fusing.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Window Of Vehicle (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=19897626

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

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• 1994
  • 1994-11-11 NO NO19944305A patent/NO180216B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1995
  • 1995-11-01 DE DE69516536T patent/DE69516536T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-11-01 DK DK95937226T patent/DK0791164T3/da active
  • 1995-11-01 EP EP95937226A patent/EP0791164B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-11-01 WO PCT/NO1995/000200 patent/WO1996015421A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-11-01 AT AT95937226T patent/ATE192232T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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