EP0773840B1 - Process for producing and repairing multi-coat effect painting - Google Patents

Process for producing and repairing multi-coat effect painting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0773840B1
EP0773840B1 EP95925869A EP95925869A EP0773840B1 EP 0773840 B1 EP0773840 B1 EP 0773840B1 EP 95925869 A EP95925869 A EP 95925869A EP 95925869 A EP95925869 A EP 95925869A EP 0773840 B1 EP0773840 B1 EP 0773840B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
shear
shear rate
mpa
apparent viscosity
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EP95925869A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0773840A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz TÖPFEL
Ewald Bischoff
Harry Libutzki
Jorge Wellmann
Dieter Herbst
Hans-Joachim Streitberger
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BASF Coatings GmbH
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BASF Coatings GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/067—Metallic effect
    • B05D5/068—Metallic effect achieved by multilayers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing and repair of multi-layer effect paints.
  • Pneumatic application methods stand out disadvantageous in that a relatively large Part of the sprayed amount of paint does not cover the substrate reached, which has the consequence that the circulating air in the Spray booth must have high speeds, thus the relatively large amounts of overspray deposited and can be disposed of.
  • the basecoat film is preferably in only one spray cycle, exclusively made by electrostatic spraying.
  • electrostatic spraying the amount is of the sprayed paint material that the substrate achieved considerably larger than with pneumatic application processes.
  • the speed the circulating air in the spray booth is reduced can and that smaller amounts of paint overspray have to be processed and disposed of.
  • all of the platelet-shaped pigments containing platelet-shaped pigments suitable for the serial painting of automobile bodies can be used, provided they have a solids content of 18% by weight and a temperature of 23 ° C. at a shear rate of 1,000 s -1 after a shear time of 6 s an apparent viscosity of 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 10 s an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 200 to 800 mPa s and after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 5 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 500 to 1500 mPa s, the measurements carried out at the shear rate of 5 sec
  • rheology aids such as, for example, crosslinked polymer microparticles (cf. for example EP-A-38127), finely divided silica, anionic polyacrylate resins, layered silicates, etc.
  • the person skilled in the art can in principle apply any basecoat suitable for series coating to a viscosity behavior, that meet the above conditions.
  • the basecoats used in stage (1) of the process according to the invention can be either aqueous or non-aqueous.
  • Aqueous basecoats are described, for example, in EP-A-38127 and non-aqueous basecoats are described, for example, in US-A-4,220,679.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable good for making and repairing multilayer Effect coatings with darker shades (e.g. Diamond Black) and for the production and repair of multi-layer effect paints with lighter ones Shades (e.g. silver).
  • darker shades e.g. Diamond Black
  • lighter ones Shades e.g. silver
  • Basecoat layer exclusively by electrostatic Syringes is made.
  • electrostatic Spraying is the amount of paint material sprayed, which reaches the substrate, much larger than with pneumatic application processes. That has as a result that the speed of the circulating air in the Spray booth can be reduced and that lower Amounts of paint overspray worked up and disposed of Need to become. It can also be used to manufacture multi-layer effect painting necessary painting system be significantly reduced if the basecoat layer exclusively by electrostatic Syringes is made.
  • the application of basecoats containing platelet-like pigments electrostatic spraying is good for the person skilled in the art known and therefore does not need any further details here to be explained
  • Spray application process in which the paint drops of the spray jet meet the above-mentioned conditions can, for example, with the help of HVLP (high volume, low pressure) fuel pistols that are commercially available are available.
  • the diameter, the speed and thus the impulse of the Drops of paint in the spray jet essentially depend on the paint flow rate, the amount of atomizing air or Atomizing air pressure, paint viscosity and Nozzle geometry.
  • a reduction in paint flow rate has, for example, a reduction in the paint drop diameter and an increase in speed the paint drops result.
  • An increase in atomizing air pressure also leads to a reduction the paint drop diameter and to an increase the speed of the paint drops.
  • phase Doppler anemometry method is used by W.D. Bachalo and M.J. Houser in OPTICAL ENGINEERING / September / October 1984 / Vol.23 No.5 on pages 583 to 590.
  • the basecoat film thus obtained is after an intermediate drying (10 min, 80 ° C) with a commercially available a polyacrylate resin as a binder and a melamine resin as a clearcoat containing crosslinking agents overcoated (dry film thickness of the clear coat: 50 ⁇ m) and then basecoat and clearcoat 20 Baked at 140 ° C for minutes.
  • half of the painted test board is taped with an adhesive strip and the remaining half is sanded with sandpaper (800). Then the basecoat used for the initial painting is applied with an HVLP spray gun (De Vilbiss GFHV-511, manufacturer: De Vilbiss; cap: air cap No. 152, nozzle EY 7; atomization pressure: 0.4 bar, measured at air cap; spraying distance: 30 cm to Substrate) in a first application (first cloister) sprayed in a dry layer thickness of 6-8 ⁇ m.
  • HVLP spray gun De Vilbiss GFHV-511, manufacturer: De Vilbiss; cap: air cap No. 152, nozzle EY 7; atomization pressure: 0.4 bar, measured at air cap; spraying distance: 30 cm to Substrate
  • the spray jet produced is characterized in that 25% of the drops of paint passing a measuring point located in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle have a diameter which is below 20 ⁇ m and 15% of the drops of paint which pass this measuring point happen, have a diameter that is over 60 microns. In addition, 33% of the drops of paint passing the measuring point have a speed which is below 6 m / s, and 17% of the drops of paint which pass the measuring point have a speed of more than 10 m / s.
  • the impulse of the paint drops that pass the measuring point is 6.8 ⁇ 10 -5 g cm s -1 .
  • the diameter and the speed of the paint drops were determined using the phase Doppler anemometry method.
  • the basecoat film thus obtained is after an intermediate drying (10 min, 80 ° C) with a commercially available a polyacrylate resin as a binder and a Clear varnish containing polyisocyanate as crosslinking agent overcoated (dry film thickness of the clear coat: 45 ⁇ m) and then basecoat and Clear coat baked at 140 ° C for 30 min.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP95/02749 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 18, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 18, 1997 PCT Filed Jul. 13, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/03221 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 8, 1996The invention relates to a method for the production and repair of multicoat special-effect coatings, in which the basecoat is produced exclusively by elecrostatic spraying, a coating material with a specific rheological behavior is employed as the basecoat and the repair is carried out with the aid of a spray application process in which a spray jet is produced which is distinguished in that at most 40% of the coating droplets passing a measurement point which lies at the center of the spray jet and 300 mm away from the nozzle have a diameter which is less than 20 mu m and at least 5% of the coating droplets have a diameter which is greater than 60 mu m, at least 20% of the coating droplets passing the measurement point have a speed which is less than 6 m/s and at most 30% of the coating droplets have a speed of more than 10 m/s, and the coating droplets have a momentum which is equal to at least 4x10-5 g cm s-1, the diameter and the speed having been determined with the aid of the Doppler phase anemometry method.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und Ausbesserung von mehrschichtigen Effektlackierungen.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing and repair of multi-layer effect paints.

Mehrschichtige Effektlackierungen, die herstellbar sind, indem

  • auf einer Substratoberfläche unter Verwendung eines mindestens ein plättchenförmiges Pigment enthaltenden Lackes eine Basislackschicht hergestellt wird,
  • die Basislackschicht mit einem transparenten Lack überlackiert wird und
  • die so erhaltene mehrschichtige Lackierung eingebrannt wird
sind schon lange bekannt und werden insbesondere in der Automobillackierung eingesetzt. Wenn als plättchenförmige Pigmente enthaltende Lacke Aluminiumplättchen enthaltende Lacke zur Herstellung der Basislackschicht eingesetzt werden, dann werden beispielsweise die weit verbreiteten Metalleffektlackierungen erhalten.Multi-layer effect paints that can be produced by
  • a base coat layer is produced on a substrate surface using a paint containing at least one platelet-shaped pigment,
  • the basecoat is overcoated with a transparent lacquer and
  • the multilayer coating thus obtained is baked
have been known for a long time and are used particularly in automotive painting. If lacquers containing aluminum flakes are used as lacquers containing platelet-shaped pigments for producing the base lacquer layer, then the widely used metallic effect lacquers are obtained, for example.

Sowohl während als auch nach dem Serienlackierprozess kommt es zu Beschädigungen der Lackierung, die ausgebessert werden müssen. Dabei kann sowohl die Basislackschicht vor dem überlackieren mit einem transparenten Lack oder die eingebrannte mehrschichtige Lackierung mit einem mindestens ein plättchenförmiges Pigment enthaltenden Lack ausgebessert werden, wobei im letzteren Fall erneut mit einem transparenten Lack überlackiert und anschließend erneut eingebrannt wird. Es ist von großer Wichtigkeit, daß die ausgebesserten Stellen an der fertigen Lackierung nicht durch Unterschiede im Farbton und in der Helligkeit erkennbar sind.Both during and after the serial painting process there is damage to the paint that has been touched up Need to become. Both the basecoat layer before painting with a transparent Varnish or the baked multi-layer paint with a pigment containing at least one platelet-shaped pigment Paint to be touched up, being in the latter Case repainted with a transparent varnish and then burned in again. It's from of great importance that the repaired areas the finished paint job not due to differences in Hue and brightness are recognizable.

Um dies zu erreichen, wird bei der Automobilserienlackierung wenigstens der letzte Spritzgang zur Herstellung der Basislackschicht mit Hilfe eines pneumatischen Applikationsverfahrens durchgeführt.To achieve this, automotive OEM painting at least the last shot to make the base coat with the help of a pneumatic Application procedure carried out.

Pneumatische Applikationsverfahren zeichnen sich jedoch nachteiligerweise dadurch aus, daß ein relativ großer Teil der versprühten Lackmenge das Substrat nicht erreicht, was zur Folge hat, daß die Umluft in der Spritzkabine hohe Geschwindigkeiten aufweisen muß, damit die relativ großen Mengen an Overspray abgeschieden und entsorgt werden können.Pneumatic application methods, however, stand out disadvantageous in that a relatively large Part of the sprayed amount of paint does not cover the substrate reached, which has the consequence that the circulating air in the Spray booth must have high speeds, thus the relatively large amounts of overspray deposited and can be disposed of.

Die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrundeliegende technische Aufgabe besteht in der Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung und Ausbesserung von mehrschichtigen Effektlackierungen, bei dem

  • (1) auf einer Substratoberfläche unter Verwendung eines mindestens ein plättchenförmiges Pigment enthaltenden Lackes eine Basislackschicht hergestellt wird,
  • (2) diese Basislackschicht gegebenenfalls durch Aufspritzen eines mindestens ein plättchenförmiges Pigment enthaltenden Lackes ausgebessert wird,
  • (3) die in Stufe (1) bzw. (2) erhaltene Lackschicht mit einem transparenten Lack überlackiert wird,
  • (4) die so erhaltene mehrschichtige Lackierung eingebrannt wird,
  • (5) die eingebrannte mehrschichtige Lackierung gegebenenfalls durch Aufspritzen eines mindestens ein plättchenförmiges Pigment enthaltenden Lackes ausgebessert wird,
  • (6) die in Stufe (5) erhaltene Lackschicht mit einem transparenten Lack überlackiert wird und
  • (7) die so erhaltene mehrschichtige Lackierung eingebrannt wird,
    • wobei das Verfahren aus den Stufen (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) und (7) oder aus den Stufen (1), (2), (3), und (4) oder aus den Stufen (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) und (7) besteht, das die oben erläuterten Nachteile des Standes der Technik nicht aufweist.The technical object on which the present invention is based is to provide a method for producing and repairing multi-layer effect coatings, in which
  • (1) a base lacquer layer is produced on a substrate surface using a lacquer containing at least one platelet-shaped pigment,
  • (2) this base lacquer layer is optionally repaired by spraying on a lacquer containing at least one platelet-shaped pigment,
  • (3) the lacquer layer obtained in stage (1) or (2) is overcoated with a transparent lacquer,
  • (4) the multilayer coating thus obtained is baked,
  • (5) the burned-in multilayer coating is optionally repaired by spraying on a coating containing at least one platelet-shaped pigment,
  • (6) the lacquer layer obtained in stage (5) is overcoated with a transparent lacquer and
  • (7) the multilayer coating thus obtained is baked,
    • wherein the method from steps (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) or from steps (1), (2), (3), and (4) or from stages (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7), which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art explained above.

    Diese Aufgabe wird überraschenderweise durch ein Verfahren gelöst, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß

  • (i) in Stufe (1) ein Lack eingesetzt wird, der bei einem Feststoffgehalt von 18 Gew. % und bei einer Temperatur von 23°C bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1 000 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 6 s eine scheinbare Viskosität von 40 bis 200, vorzugweise 60 bis 150 mPa s, nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1 000 s-1 eine scheinbare Viskosität von 40 bis 200, vorzugweise 60 bis 150 mPa s, bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 10 s eine scheinbare Viskosität von 100 bis 2000, vorzugsweise 200 bis 800 mPa s und nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 eine scheinbare Viskosität von 100 bis 2000, vorzugsweise 500 bis 1500 mPa s aufweist, wobei die bei der Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 sec-1 durchgeführten Messungen unmittelbar nach einer 300 s dauernden Vorscherung bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1000 s-1 durchgeführt worden sind und die bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s gemessene scheinbare Viskosität um 0 bis 1000 ,vorzugsweise 200 bis 600 mPa s höher liegt als die bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 10 s gemessene scheinbare Viskosität,
  • (ii) die in Stufe (1) hergestellte Basislackschicht ausschließlich durch elekrostatisches Spritzen hergestellt wird und
  • (iii) die in Stufe (2) bzw. Stufe (5) durchgeführte Ausbesserung mit Hilfe eines Spritzapplikationsverfahrens durchgeführt wird, bei dem ein aus Lacktropfen bestehender Sprühstrahl erzeugt wird, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß
    • höchstens 40, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30% der einen Meßpunkt, der im Zentrum des Sprühstrahls und 300 mm von der Düse entfernt liegt, passierenden Lacktropfen einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der unter 20 µm liegt und mindestens 5, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30% der Lacktropfen, die diesen Meßpunkt passieren, einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der über 60µm liegt,
    • mindestens 20, vorzugsweise 30 bis 50% der einen Meßpunkt, der im Zentrum des Sprühstrahls und 300 mm von der Düse entfernt liegt, passierenden Lacktropfen eine Geschwindigkeit aufweisen, die unter 6 m/s liegt, und höchstens 30, vorzugsweise 0 bis 20% der Lacktropfen, die diesen Meßpunkt passieren, eine Geschwindigkeit von mehr als 10 m/s aufweisen und
    • die einen Meßpunkt, der im Zentrum des Sprühstrahls und 300 mm von der Düse entfernt liegt, passierenden Lacktropfen einen Impuls aufweisen, der mindestens 4 x 10-5, vorzugsweise 6 x 10-5 bis 8 x 10-5 g cm s-1 beträgt,
    wobei der Durchmesser und die Geschwindigkeit der Lacktropfen mit Hilfe der Phasen-Doppler-Anemometrie-Methode bestimmt worden sind.
    • This object is surprisingly achieved by a method which is characterized in that
  • (i) in step (1) a lacquer is used which has an apparent viscosity of 40 at a solids content of 18% by weight and at a temperature of 23 ° C. and a shear rate of 1,000 s -1 after a shear time of 6 s to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a Shear time of 10 s has an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 200 to 800 mPa s and after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 5 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 500 to 1500 mPa s, wherein the measurements carried out at the shear rate of 5 sec -1 were carried out immediately after shearing for 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 and those at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after one Shear time of 300 s measured apparent viscosity is 0 to 1000, preferably 200 to 600 mPa s higher than the apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 10 s,
  • (ii) the basecoat layer produced in step (1) is produced exclusively by electrostatic spraying and
  • (iii) the repair carried out in stage (2) or stage (5) is carried out with the aid of a spray application process in which a spray jet consisting of drops of paint is produced, which is characterized in that
    • at most 40, preferably 10 to 30% of the measuring point passing in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle, passing paint drops have a diameter which is less than 20 microns and at least 5, preferably 10 to 30% of the paint drops that pass this measuring point, have a diameter that is over 60 µm,
    • at least 20, preferably 30 to 50% of the drops of paint passing a measuring point located in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle have a speed which is below 6 m / s, and at most 30, preferably 0 to 20% of the Paint droplets that pass this measuring point have a speed of more than 10 m / s and
    • the paint drops passing a measuring point which is in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle have an impulse which is at least 4 x 10 -5 , preferably 6 x 10 -5 to 8 x 10 -5 g cm s -1 ,
    the diameter and the speed of the paint drops were determined using the phase Doppler anemometry method.

    • Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Basislackschicht, vorzugsweise in nur einem Spritzgang, ausschließlich durch elektrostatisches Spritzen hergestellt. Beim elektrostatischen Spritzen ist die Menge des versprühten Lackmaterials, die das Substrat erreicht erheblich größer als bei pneumatischen Applikationsverfahren. Das hat zur Folge, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Umluft in der Spritzkabine herabgesetzt werden kann und daß geringere Mengen an Lackoverspray aufgearbeitet und entsorgt werden müssen. Außerdem kann die zur Herstellung von mehrschichtigen Effektlackierungen notwendige Lackieranlage erheblich verkleinert werden, wenn die Basislackschicht in nur einem Spritzgang hergestellt werden kann.In the process according to the invention, the basecoat film is preferably in only one spray cycle, exclusively made by electrostatic spraying. With electrostatic spraying, the amount is of the sprayed paint material that the substrate achieved considerably larger than with pneumatic application processes. As a result, the speed the circulating air in the spray booth is reduced can and that smaller amounts of paint overspray have to be processed and disposed of. Besides, can for the production of multi-layer effect coatings necessary painting system significantly reduced when the basecoat is applied in one spray can be manufactured.

    Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können überraschenderweise ohne Anwendung eines pneumatischen Applikationsverfahrens bei der erstmaligen Herstellung der Basislackschicht mehrschichtige Effektlackierungen hergestellt werden, auf denen die Stellen, an denen die Lackierungen ausgebessert worden sind, nicht aufgrund von Unterschieden im Farbton und in der Helligkeit erkennbar sind.Surprisingly, with the method according to the invention without using a pneumatic application process the first time the Basecoat layer multilayer effect paintwork produced where the places where the Paint finishes have been touched up, not due of differences in hue and brightness are recognizable.

    In Stufe (1) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können alle für die Serienlackierung von Automobilkarosserien geeigneten plättchenförmige Pigmente enthaltenden Lacke eingesetzt werden, vorausgesetzt, sie weisen bei einem Feststoffgehalt von 18 Gew. % und bei einer Temperatur von 23°C bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1 000 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 6 s eine scheinbare Viskosität von 40 bis 200, vorzugweise 60 bis 150 mPa s, nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1 000 s-1 eine scheinbare Viskosität von 40 bis 200, vorzugweise 60 bis 150 mPa s, bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 10 s eine scheinbare Viskosität von 100 bis 2000, vorzugsweise 200 bis 800 mPa s und nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 eine scheinbare Viskosität von 100 bis 2000, vorzugsweise 500 bis 1500 mPa s auf, wobei die bei der Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 sec-1 durchgeführten Messungen unmittelbar nach einer 300 s dauernden Vorscherung bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1000 s-1 durchgeführt worden sind und die bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s -1 nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s gemessene scheinbare Viskosität um 0 bis 1000, vorzugsweise 200 bis 600 mPa s höher liegt als die bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s -1 nach einer Scherdauer von 10 s gemessene scheinbare Viskosität. Der Fachmann kann mit Hilfe einiger Routineuntersuchungen, z.B. durch Zusatz geeigneter Rheologiehilfsmittel, wie z.B.vernetzter Polymermikroteilchen (vgl. beispielsweise EP-A-38127), feinverteilter Kieselsäure, anionischer Polyacrylatharze, Schichtsilikate usw., im Prinzip jeden für die Serienlackierung geeigneten Basislack auf ein Viskositätsverhalten, das den oben genannten Bedingungen entspricht, einstellen. Die in Stufe (1) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingesetzten Basislacke können sowohl wäßrig als auch nicht-wäßrig sein. Da zur Serienlackierung von Automobilen geeignete, plättchenförmige Pigmente, insbesondere Aluminiumpigmente und/oder Perlglanzpigmente enthaltende Basislacke schon lange Zeit bekannt sind und im Handel in einer Vielzahl von verschiedenen Ausführungsformen erhältlich sind, erübrigt sich eine detaillierte Beschreibung an dieser Stelle. Wäßrige Basislacke werden beispielsweise in der EP-A-38127 und nicht-wäßrige Basislacke werden beispielsweise in der US-A-4, 220, 679 beschrieben.In stage (1) of the process according to the invention, all of the platelet-shaped pigments containing platelet-shaped pigments suitable for the serial painting of automobile bodies can be used, provided they have a solids content of 18% by weight and a temperature of 23 ° C. at a shear rate of 1,000 s -1 after a shear time of 6 s an apparent viscosity of 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 10 s an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 200 to 800 mPa s and after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 5 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 500 to 1500 mPa s, the measurements carried out at the shear rate of 5 sec -1 immediately after ei ner 300 s lasting shear have been carried out at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 and the apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 300 s is 0 to 1000, preferably 200 to 600 mPa s higher than that apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 10 s. With the help of a few routine tests, for example by adding suitable rheology aids, such as, for example, crosslinked polymer microparticles (cf. for example EP-A-38127), finely divided silica, anionic polyacrylate resins, layered silicates, etc., the person skilled in the art can in principle apply any basecoat suitable for series coating to a viscosity behavior, that meet the above conditions. The basecoats used in stage (1) of the process according to the invention can be either aqueous or non-aqueous. Since basecoats containing platelet-shaped pigments, in particular aluminum pigments and / or pearlescent pigments, which are suitable for the serial painting of automobiles have long been known and are commercially available in a large number of different embodiments, a detailed description is not necessary here. Aqueous basecoats are described, for example, in EP-A-38127 and non-aqueous basecoats are described, for example, in US-A-4,220,679.

    Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich besonders gut zur Herstellung und Ausbesserung von mehrschichtigen Effektlackierungen mit dunkleren Farbtönen (z.B. Diamantschwarz) und zur Herstellung und Ausbesserung von mehrschichtigen Effektlackierungen mit helleren Farbtönen (z.B. Silber).The method according to the invention is particularly suitable good for making and repairing multilayer Effect coatings with darker shades (e.g. Diamond Black) and for the production and repair of multi-layer effect paints with lighter ones Shades (e.g. silver).

    Es ist erfindungswesentlich, daß die in Stufe (1) hergestellte Basislackschicht ausschließlich durch elektrostatisches Spritzen hergestellt wird. Beim elektrostatischen Spritzen ist die Menge des versprühten Lackmaterials, die das Substrat erreicht, erheblich größer als bei pneumatischen Applikationsverfahren. Das hat zur Folge, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Umluft in der Spritzkabine herabgesetzt werden kann und daß geringere Mengen an Lackoverspray aufgearbeitet und entsorgt werden müssen. Außerdem kann die zur Herstellung von mehrschichtigen Effektlackierungen notwendige Lackieranlage erheblich verkleinert werden, wenn die Basislackschicht ausschließlich durch elektrostatisches Spritzen hergestellt wird. Die Applikation von plättchenförmige Pigmente enthaltenden Basislacken durch elektrostatisches Spritzen ist dem Fachmann gut bekannt und braucht daher an dieser Stelle nicht näher erläutert zu werdenIt is essential to the invention that the one produced in stage (1) Basecoat layer exclusively by electrostatic Syringes is made. With electrostatic Spraying is the amount of paint material sprayed, which reaches the substrate, much larger than with pneumatic application processes. That has as a result that the speed of the circulating air in the Spray booth can be reduced and that lower Amounts of paint overspray worked up and disposed of Need to become. It can also be used to manufacture multi-layer effect painting necessary painting system be significantly reduced if the basecoat layer exclusively by electrostatic Syringes is made. The application of basecoats containing platelet-like pigments electrostatic spraying is good for the person skilled in the art known and therefore does not need any further details here to be explained

    Es ist erfindungswesentlich, daß die in Stufe (2) bzw. Stufe (5) durchgeführte Ausbesserung mit Hilfe eines Spritzapplikationsverfahrens durchgeführt wird, bei dem ein aus Lacktropfen bestehender Sprühstrahl erzeugt wird, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß

    • höchstens 40, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30% der einen Meßpunkt, der im Zentrum des Sprühstrahls und 300 mm von der Düse entfernt liegt, passierenden Lacktropfen einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der unter 20 µm liegt und mindestens 5, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30% der Lacktropfen, die diesen Meßpunkt passieren, einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der über 60µm liegt,
    • mindestens 20, vorzugsweise 30 bis 50% der einen Meßpunkt, der im Zentrum des Sprühstrahls und 300 mm von der Düse entfernt liegt, passierenden Lacktropfen eine Geschwindigkeit aufweisen, die unter 6 m/s liegt, und höchstens 30, vorzugsweise 0 bis 20% der Lacktropfen, die diesen Meßpunkt passieren, eine Geschwindigkeit von mehr als 10 m/s aufweisen und
    • die einen Meßpunkt, der im Zentrum des Sprühstrahls und 300 mm von der Düse entfernt liegt, passierenden Lacktropfen einen Impuls aufweisen, der mindestens 4 x 10-5, vorzugsweise 6 x 10-5 bis 8 x 10-5 g cm s-1 beträgt,
    wobei der Durchmesser und die Geschwindigkeit der Lacktropfen mit Hilfe der Phasen-Doppler-Anemometrie-Methode bestimmt worden sind. It is essential to the invention that the repair carried out in stage (2) or stage (5) is carried out with the aid of a spray application process in which a spray jet consisting of paint drops is produced, which is characterized in that
    • at most 40, preferably 10 to 30% of the measuring point passing in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle, passing paint drops have a diameter which is less than 20 microns and at least 5, preferably 10 to 30% of the paint drops that pass this measuring point, have a diameter that is over 60 µm,
    • at least 20, preferably 30 to 50% of the drops of paint passing a measuring point located in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle have a speed which is below 6 m / s, and at most 30, preferably 0 to 20% of the Paint droplets that pass this measuring point have a speed of more than 10 m / s and
    • the paint drops passing a measuring point which is in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle have an impulse which is at least 4 x 10 -5 , preferably 6 x 10 -5 to 8 x 10 -5 g cm s -1 ,
    the diameter and the speed of the paint drops were determined using the phase Doppler anemometry method.

    Nur wenn bei der Ausbesserung in Stufe (2) bzw. Stufe (5) ein Spritzapplikationsverfahren der oben beschriebenen Art eingesetzt wird, sind die ausgebesserten Stellen an der fertigen Lackierung nicht durch Unterschiede im Farbton und/oder in der Helligkeit erkennbar, obwohl der letzte Spritzgang zur Herstellung der Basislackschicht der Erstlackierung mit Hilfe eines elektrostatischen und nicht mit Hilfe eines pneumatischen Applikationsverfahrens durchgeführt worden ist.Only if during the repair in stage (2) or stage (5) a spray application method of those described above Kind used, are the mended There are no differences in the finished paint job recognizable in color and / or brightness, although the last shot to make the Basecoat of the first coat with the help of a electrostatic and not with the help of a pneumatic Application procedure has been carried out.

    Spritzapplikationsverfahren, bei denen die Lacktropfen des Sprühstrahls den oben genannten Bedingungen entsprechen, können beispielsweise mit Hilfe von HVLP (high volume, low pressure) Spritspistolen, die im Handel erhältlich sind, durchgeführt werden. Der Durchmesser, die Geschwindigkeit und damit auch der Impuls der Lacktropfen des Sprühstrahls hängen im wesentlichen von der Lackausflußrate, der Zerstäubungsluftmenge bzw. dem Zerstäubungsluftdruck, der Lackviskosität und der Düsengeometrie ab. Eine Verringerung der Lackausflußrate hat beispielsweise eine Verringerung der Lacktropfendurchmesser und eine Erhöhung der Geschwindigkeit der Lacktropfen zur Folge. Eine Erhöhung des Zerstäubungsluftdrucks führt ebenfalls zu einer Verringerung der Lacktropfendurchmesser und zu einer Erhöhung der Geschwindigkeit der Lacktropfen. Wenn die Lackausflußrate erhöht oder der Zerstäubungsluftdruck erniedrigt wird, tritt eine Vergrößerung der Lacktropfendurchmesser und eine Erniedrigung der Geschwindigkeit der Lacktropfen ein. In Kenntnis dieser Zusammenhänge und aufgrund der Möglichkeit, den Durchmesser und die Geschwindigkeit der Lacktropfen mit Hilfe der Phasen-Doppler-Anemometrie-Methode zu bestimmen, kann der Fachmann mit Hilfe einiger weniger orientierender Versuche das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren realisieren. Die Phasen-Doppler-Anemometrie-Methode wird von W.D. Bachalo und M.J. Houser in OPTICAL ENGINEERING/ September/ October 1984/ Vol.23 No.5 auf den Seiten 583 bis 590 beschrieben.Spray application process in which the paint drops of the spray jet meet the above-mentioned conditions, can, for example, with the help of HVLP (high volume, low pressure) fuel pistols that are commercially available are available. The diameter, the speed and thus the impulse of the Drops of paint in the spray jet essentially depend on the paint flow rate, the amount of atomizing air or Atomizing air pressure, paint viscosity and Nozzle geometry. A reduction in paint flow rate has, for example, a reduction in the paint drop diameter and an increase in speed the paint drops result. An increase in atomizing air pressure also leads to a reduction the paint drop diameter and to an increase the speed of the paint drops. If the paint flow rate increased or the atomizing air pressure decreased becomes, an increase in the paint drop diameter occurs and a decrease in speed the drop of paint. Aware of these relationships and because of the possibility of the diameter and the Velocity of the paint drops using the phase Doppler anemometry method to determine the Specialist with the help of a few orientation tests implement the method according to the invention. The Phase Doppler anemometry method is used by W.D. Bachalo and M.J. Houser in OPTICAL ENGINEERING / September / October 1984 / Vol.23 No.5 on pages 583 to 590.

    Die übrigen bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Anwendung kommenden Parameter wie beispielsweise Einbrenntemperaturen und Einbrennzeiten entsprechen den dem Fachmann gut bekannten Bedingungen und brauchen daher an dieser Stelle nicht weiter erläutert zu werden. Analoges gilt für die in Stufe (3) und (6) einsetzbaren transparenten Lacke, die in organisch gelöster oder in wäßriger Form oder als Pulverlacke eingesetzt werden können.The rest in the implementation of the invention Process parameters used such as Baking temperatures and baking times correspond to the conditions well known to the person skilled in the art and therefore do not need to be explained further here to become. The same applies to those in stages (3) and (6) usable transparent paints that are used in organic dissolved or in aqueous form or as powder coatings can be used.

    Im folgenden Beispiel wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Alle Angaben über Prozente und Teile sind als Gewichtsangaben zu verstehen, wenn nicht ausdrücklich etwas anderes angegeben ist.The invention is explained in more detail in the following example. All information on percentages and parts are as To understand weight information, if not expressly something else is specified.

    Ein handelsüblicher, Polyesterharz ,Polyurethanharz, Melaminharz und Aluminiumpigmente enthaltender -wäßriger Basislack (FW 54-7690, BASF Lacke und Farben AG) mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 24 Gew.% und folgenden bei 23 °C mit einem Rotationsviskosimeter (Viscolab der Firma Physika) ermittelten rheologischen Daten:

    • scheinbare Viskosität bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1000 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 6 s: 97 mPa s
    • scheinbare Viskosität bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1000 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s: 88 mPa s
    • scheinbare Viskosität bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 10 s: 415 mPa s
    • scheinbare Viskosität bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 nach einer Scherdauer von 300 s: 443 mPa s
    (die bei der Schergeschwindigkeit von 5 s-1 durchgeführten Messungen wurden unmittelbar nach einer 300 s dauernden Vorscherung bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 1000 s-1 durchgeführt) wird auf eine mit einer Elektrotauchlackschicht und einer Füllerschicht beschichtete Prüftafel aus Stahl in einem Spritzgang in einer Trockenschichtdicke von 13 bis 14 µm elektrostatisch aufgespritzt (Gerät: Esta Behr TOS 304 mit Außenaufladung; Glocke: Behr 1601 0010; Lenkluft: 0,6 bar (120 Nl/min); Rotation: 28 000 U/min; Abstand: 300 mm; Spannung: 80 kV; Ausflußmenge: 150 ml/min).A commercially available, aqueous basecoat containing polyester resin, polyurethane resin, melamine resin and aluminum pigments (FW 54-7690, BASF Lacke und Farben AG) with a solids content of 24% by weight and the following at 23 ° C. was determined using a rotary viscometer (Viscolab from Physika) rheological data:
    • Apparent viscosity at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 after a shear time of 6 s: 97 mPa s
    • Apparent viscosity at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 after a shear time of 300 s: 88 mPa s
    • Apparent viscosity at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 10 s: 415 mPa s
    • Apparent viscosity at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 300 s: 443 mPa s
    (The measurements carried out at the shear rate of 5 s -1 were carried out immediately after shearing for 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 ) is carried out on a steel test panel coated with an electrodeposition coating layer and a filler layer in one spray pass in a dry layer thickness of 13 to 14 µm electrostatically sprayed on (device: Esta Behr TOS 304 with external charging; bell: Behr 1601 0010; steering air: 0.6 bar (120 Nl / min); rotation: 28,000 rpm; distance: 300 mm; voltage: 80 kV; flow rate: 150 ml / min).

    Der so erhaltene Basislackfilm wird nach einer Zwischentrocknung (10 min, 80 °C) mit einem handelsüblichen, ein Polyacrylatharz als Bindemittel und ein Melaminharz als Vernetzungsmittel enthaltenden Klarlack überlackiert (Trockenfilmdicke der Klarlackschicht: 50 µm) und anschließend werden Basislack und Klarlack 20 Minuten lang bei 140°C eingebrannt.The basecoat film thus obtained is after an intermediate drying (10 min, 80 ° C) with a commercially available a polyacrylate resin as a binder and a melamine resin as a clearcoat containing crosslinking agents overcoated (dry film thickness of the clear coat: 50 µm) and then basecoat and clearcoat 20 Baked at 140 ° C for minutes.

    Zur Simulierung einer Ausbesserung der zweischichtigen Effektlackierung wird eine Hälfte der lackierten Prüftafel mit einem Klebestreifen abgeklebt und die freigebliebene Hälfte mit Schleifpapier (800) feucht geschliffen. Anschließend wird der zur Erstlackierung eingesetzte Basislack mit einer HVLP Spritzpistole (De Vilbiss GFHV-511, Hersteller: De Vilbiss; Kappe: Luftkappe Nr. 152, Düse EY 7; Zerstäubungsdruck: 0,4 bar, gemessen an Luftkappe; Spritzabstand: 30 cm zum Substrat) in einem ersten Auftrag (erster Kreuzgang) in einer Trockenschichtdicke von 6-8 µm aufgespritzt. Der dabei erzeugte Sprühstrahl zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß 25 % der einen Meßpunkt, der im Zentrum des Sprühstrahls und 300 mm von der Düse entfernt liegt, passierenden Lacktropfen einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der unter 20 µm liegt und 15 % der Lacktropfen, die diesen Meßpunkt passieren, einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der über 60µm liegt. Außerdem weisen 33 % der den Meßpunkt passierenden Lacktropfen eine Geschwindigkeit auf, die unter 6 m/s liegt, und 17 % der Lacktropfen, die den Meßpunkt passieren, weisen eine Geschwindigkeit von mehr als 10 m/s auf. Der Impuls der Lacktropfen, die den Meßpunkt passieren, beträgt 6,8·10-5 g cm s-1. Der Durchmesser und die Geschwindigkeit der Lacktropfen wurden mit Hilfe der Phasen-Doppler-Anemometrie-Methode bestimmt.To simulate a repair of the two-layer effect coating, half of the painted test board is taped with an adhesive strip and the remaining half is sanded with sandpaper (800). Then the basecoat used for the initial painting is applied with an HVLP spray gun (De Vilbiss GFHV-511, manufacturer: De Vilbiss; cap: air cap No. 152, nozzle EY 7; atomization pressure: 0.4 bar, measured at air cap; spraying distance: 30 cm to Substrate) in a first application (first cloister) sprayed in a dry layer thickness of 6-8 µm. The spray jet produced is characterized in that 25% of the drops of paint passing a measuring point located in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle have a diameter which is below 20 μm and 15% of the drops of paint which pass this measuring point happen, have a diameter that is over 60 microns. In addition, 33% of the drops of paint passing the measuring point have a speed which is below 6 m / s, and 17% of the drops of paint which pass the measuring point have a speed of more than 10 m / s. The impulse of the paint drops that pass the measuring point is 6.8 · 10 -5 g cm s -1 . The diameter and the speed of the paint drops were determined using the phase Doppler anemometry method.

    Nach einer zwei Minuten dauernden Zwischenablüftzeit wird der zur Erstlackierung eingesetzte Basislack erneut mit der LPHV Spritzpistole unter den oben beschriebenen Bedingungen in einer Trockenschichtdicke von 6-8 µm aufgespritzt (zweiter Kreuzgang).After a two-minute flash-off period becomes the basecoat used for initial painting again with the LPHV spray gun under the above conditions described in a dry layer thickness sprayed on from 6-8 µm (second cloister).

    Der so erhaltene Basislackfilm wird nach einer Zwischentrocknung (10 min, 80 °C) mit einem handelsüblichen, ein Polyacrylatharz als Bindemittel und ein Polyisocyanat als Vernetzungsmittel enthaltenden Klarlack überlackiert (Trockenfilmdicke der Klarlackschicht: 45 µm) und anschließend werden Basislack und Klarlack 30 min bei 140°C eingebrannt.The basecoat film thus obtained is after an intermediate drying (10 min, 80 ° C) with a commercially available a polyacrylate resin as a binder and a Clear varnish containing polyisocyanate as crosslinking agent overcoated (dry film thickness of the clear coat: 45 µm) and then basecoat and Clear coat baked at 140 ° C for 30 min.

    Schließlich wird der die eine Hälfte der Erstlackierung abdeckende Klebestreifen entfernt und die Erstlackierung mit der Ausbesserungslackierung verglichen. Es sind weder Farbton noch Helligkeitsunterschiede erkennbar.After all, it will be half of the first paint job covering adhesive strips removed and the initial painting compared to the touch-up paint. It neither color nor differences in brightness are discernible.

    Claims (3)

    1. Method for the production and repair of multicoat special-effect coatings, in which
      (1) a basecoat is produced on a substrate surface using a coating material containing at least one plateletlike pigment,
      (2) this basecoat is repaired, if appropriate, using a coating material containing at least one plateletlike pigment,
      (3) the coat obtained in step (1) or (2) is coated with a transparent coating material,
      (4) the multicoat coating obtained in this way is baked,
      (5) the baked multicoat coating is repaired, if appropriate, using a coating material containing at least one plateletlike pigment,
      (6) the coat obtained in step (5) is coated with a transparent coating material, and
      (7) the multicoat coating obtained in this way is baked,
      the method consisting of steps (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) or of steps (1), (2), (3), and (4) or of steps (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7), characterized in that
      (i) in step (1) a coating material is employed which at a solids content of 18% by weight and at a temperature of 23°C and at a shear rate of 1000 s-1 after a shear period of 6 s has an apparent viscosity of from 40 to 200 mPa s, after a shear period of 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s-1 has an apparent viscosity of from 40 to 200 mPa s, at a shear rate of 5 s-1 after a shear period of 10 s has an apparent viscosity of from 100 to 2000 mPa s and after a shear period of 300 s at a shear rate of 5 s-1 has an apparent viscosity of from 100 to 2000 mPa s, the measurements carried out at the shear rate of 5 sec-1 having been carried out directly after pre-shearing for 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s-1, and the apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate of 5 s-1 after a shear period of 300 s being from 0 to 1000 mPa s higher than the apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate of 5 s-1 after a shear period of 10 s,
      (ii) the basecoat produced in step (1) is produced exclusively by elecrostatic [sic] spraying, and
      (iii) the repair carried out in step (2) and/or step (5) is carried out with the aid of a spray application process in which a spray jet is produced which consists of coating droplets and which is distinguished in that
      at most 40% of the coating droplets passing a measurement point which lies at the centre of the spray jet and 300 mm away from the nozzle have a diameter which is less than 20 µm and at least 5% of the coating droplets passing this measurement point have a diameter which is greater than 60µm,
      at least 20% of the coating droplets passing a measurement point which lies at the centre of the spray jet and 300 mm away from the nozzle have a speed which is less than 6 m/s and at most 30% of the coating droplets passing this measurement point have a speed of more than 10 m/s, and
      the coating droplets passing a measurement point which lies at the centre of the spray jet and 300 mm away from the nozzle have a momentum which is equal to at least 4 × 10-5 g cm s-1,
      the diameter and the speed of the coating droplets having been determined with the aid of the Doppler phase anemometry method.
    2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coating material employed in step (1) at a shear rate of 1000 s-1 after a shear period of 6 s has an apparent viscosity of from 60 to 150 mPa s, after a shear period of 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s-1 has an apparent viscosity of from 60 to 150 mPa s, at a shear rate of 5 s-1 after a shear period of 10 s has an apparent viscosity of from 200 to 800 mPa s and after a shear period of 300 s at a shear rate of 5 s-1 has an apparent viscosity of from 500 to 1500 mPa s, the apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate of 5 s-1 after a shear period of 300 s being from 200 to 600 mPa s higher than the apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate of 5 s-1 after a shear period of 10 s.
    3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the repair carried out in step (2) and/or step (5) is carried out with the aid of a spray application process in which a spray jet is produced which consists of coating droplets and which is distinguished in that
      from 10 to 30% of the coating droplets passing a measurement point which lies at the centre of the spray jet and 300 mm away from the nozzle have a diameter which is less than 20 µm and from 10 to 30% of the coating droplets passing this measurement point have a diameter which is greater than 60µm,
      from 30 to 50% of the coating droplets passing a measurement point which lies at the centre of the spray jet and 300 mm away from the nozzle have a speed which is less than 6 m/s, and from 0 to 20% of the coating droplets passing this measurement point have a speed of more than 10 m/s, and
      the coating droplets passing a measurement point which lies at the centre of the spray jet and 300 mm away from the nozzle have a momentum which is equal to from 6 × 10-5 to 8 × 10-5 g cm s-1,
      the diameter and the speed of the coating droplets having been determined with the aid of the Doppler phase anemometry method.
    EP95925869A 1994-07-22 1995-07-13 Process for producing and repairing multi-coat effect painting Expired - Lifetime EP0773840B1 (en)

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    DE4426039 1994-07-22
    DE4426039A DE4426039A1 (en) 1994-07-22 1994-07-22 Process for the production and repair of multi-layer effect coatings
    PCT/EP1995/002749 WO1996003221A1 (en) 1994-07-22 1995-07-13 Process for producing and repairing multi-coat effect painting

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    DK0773840T3 (en) 1999-06-14
    TW400255B (en) 2000-08-01
    ATE171399T1 (en) 1998-10-15
    US5820986A (en) 1998-10-13
    ES2125029T3 (en) 1999-02-16
    WO1996003221A1 (en) 1996-02-08
    DE59503723D1 (en) 1998-10-29
    DE4426039A1 (en) 1996-01-25
    KR970704525A (en) 1997-09-06
    JP2891778B2 (en) 1999-05-17
    KR100208908B1 (en) 1999-07-15
    CN1152886A (en) 1997-06-25
    CA2191879A1 (en) 1996-02-08
    JPH09509098A (en) 1997-09-16
    EP0773840A1 (en) 1997-05-21

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