EP0773084A2 - Sawing tool, in particular saw chain - Google Patents

Sawing tool, in particular saw chain Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0773084A2
EP0773084A2 EP97101210A EP97101210A EP0773084A2 EP 0773084 A2 EP0773084 A2 EP 0773084A2 EP 97101210 A EP97101210 A EP 97101210A EP 97101210 A EP97101210 A EP 97101210A EP 0773084 A2 EP0773084 A2 EP 0773084A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
teeth
cutting
cutting edges
saw according
saw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97101210A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0773084A3 (en
EP0773084B1 (en
Inventor
Christoph Rossmann
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HARD-STIFTUNG
Hard Stiftung
Original Assignee
HARD-STIFTUNG
Hard Stiftung
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Publication of EP0773084A2 publication Critical patent/EP0773084A2/en
Publication of EP0773084A3 publication Critical patent/EP0773084A3/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27BSAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B33/00Sawing tools for saw mills, sawing machines, or sawing devices
    • B27B33/14Saw chains
    • B27B33/142Cutter elements
    • B27B33/145Cutter elements having plural teeth on a single link
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27BSAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B33/00Sawing tools for saw mills, sawing machines, or sawing devices
    • B27B33/14Saw chains
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/909Cutter assemblage or cutter element therefor [e.g., chain saw chain]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/909Cutter assemblage or cutter element therefor [e.g., chain saw chain]
    • Y10T83/913With means permitting removal of cutter element
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/909Cutter assemblage or cutter element therefor [e.g., chain saw chain]
    • Y10T83/917Having diverse cutting elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/909Cutter assemblage or cutter element therefor [e.g., chain saw chain]
    • Y10T83/925Having noncutting depth gauge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a saw and in particular a chainsaw, as specified in the preamble of claim 1 in detail.
  • the previously known saws are all characterized and even if they are equipped with differently shaped teeth, by a method of operation in which the sawdust is not cut but torn.
  • the hitherto known saws are therefore not actually “cutting tools” but rather “tearing tools”. This is particularly evident when considering the separable surfaces on the sawn material that can be achieved with the saws known to date. These are characterized by the so-called "sawing roughness". In many cases, the difference in the length of tears of the individual fibers in the respective separating surface is of the order of mm.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a saw of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it can deliver a smooth saw cut and only requires a comparatively low driving force.
  • a saw according to the invention distributes the task of separating the cohesion in the sawn material to at least two different types of tooth.
  • Cutting teeth protruding from the cutting depth of a work step cut into the sawing material accordingly;
  • a cutting tooth design with two knife outer edges running along the cutting direction and symmetrically to it from crescent-shaped curvature to the outside is preferred, which cut into the sawing material up to its highest rounding point and permit sawing both in the forward direction and in the backward direction with the same effectiveness.
  • Subsequent clearing teeth then remove the cut material in the manner of a planing knife. This results in a smooth cut without steps and without fiber roughness, that is, a product surface that has previously only been achieved by re-planing or regrinding.
  • the sawing operation requires only a small driving force in both running directions, so that an electric accumulator may be sufficient for the sawing drive.
  • the forces acting on the saw also show a completely symmetrical distribution, so that no lateral guidance is required in the sawing operation.
  • the operating speed is low, so that there is no risk of accidents caused by flying parts even if the carrier is derailed or broken.
  • the slow running enables the saw to be stopped quickly in an emergency, and this also increases the stability of the cutting elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows two interlinked chain links A and B, each of which consists of a central core part K and two outer side parts S and S 'in the manner shown for the chain link A in FIG. 2, but in FIG. 1 to illustrate the shape of the core part K, the side part S 'has been removed. Both the core part K and the side parts S and S 'can each be composed of riveted metal sheets.
  • the running direction of the saw chain which can be seen in FIG. 3 from a large number of such chain links, is indicated in FIG. 1 by a double arrow L, since a sawing operation occurs when the chain links move from left to right as well as from right to left is possible and equally effective.
  • Both the core parts K and the side parts S and S ' are each of the same design in all chain links, and in addition the side parts S and S' are each designed identically; therefore only the core part K and the side part S of the chain link A are described in detail below.
  • the core parts K have a straight upper edge and a straight lower edge, a wedge-shaped drive tooth 17 projecting downward over the lower edge, via which the saw chain can be set in motion while a cutting element is formed on the upper edge, which in the example shown forms the middle part of a broaching tooth 10 which, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, also extends over the adjoining side parts S and S '.
  • the core part K of the individual member A has a forwardly directed and curved downward on its longitudinal central axis approach 1, which merges with a saddle 14 in the upper edge of the core part K and at its free End ends in a downward nose 11, which is still above the longitudinal central axis of the individual member A.
  • Approach 1 corresponds to an upper recess 3, which is formed from the rear edge into the respective core part K and in the assembled saw chain in each case receives the approach 1 of the next core part K, as shown in FIG. 1 for the two chain links A and B. is shown.
  • the recess 3 has near her inner reason a bevel 12, which is assigned to the nose 11 at the free end of the neck 1.
  • a horn 13 is formed at the upper end of the recess 3 at the transition point into the upper edge of the respective core part K, which cooperates with the saddle 14 of the preceding core part K in the assembled saw chain, as can also be seen from the illustration in FIG. 1 .
  • a hook 2 extends from the rear edge of the core part K and is bent downwards and forwards at its free end, this free end lying below the longitudinal central axis of the respective core part K.
  • a lower recess 4 is provided which receives the hook 2 of the preceding core part K in the assembled saw chain.
  • Each recess 4 has a notch 15 at its inner end, which corresponds to a position and shape of a projection 16 formed on the rear edge of the associated hook 2.
  • an upward and rearward curved joint pin 5 of approximately comma shape is formed, which nestles in the assembled saw chain to the inner cavity of the hook 2 of the preceding core part K, as shown in FIG. 1 for the chain links A. and B is shown.
  • the curved surfaces of the interacting sections of all core parts K preferably follow circular arcs, the radii and the center points of these circular arches for corresponding surfaces differing from one another or being offset from one another in such a way that all relative movements have ended before mutual contact and contacting surfaces roll smoothly on one another. This results in gradually closing gaps between the surfaces assigned to one another, so that fine dirt accumulating in the sawing operation is pushed and removed at the ends of the contact surfaces.
  • the working chain of the saw chain in the respective direction of travel is subtracted from the pressure thus passed on.
  • the tensile force of the saw chain is transmitted from the contact surfaces between the shoulder 1 in the area of the nose 11 on the one hand and the limitation of the recess 3 in the area of the bevel 12.
  • At all contact surfaces regardless of the order of chain links A and B in the course of the saw chain, i.e. regardless of the direction of travel of the saw chain along the double arrow L to the left or to the right, only pressure loads occur.
  • Elastic deformations such as bending the hook 2, the shoulder 1 or the horn 13 prevent the respective counter surfaces, all forces being absorbed as pressure.
  • chain links A and B form a unit that is rigid against bending at its running level; within the running plane, however, kinking movements of the chain links A and B relative to one another are possible.
  • the chain link A By kinking the chain link beyond a certain position, the chain link A can be suspended from the chain link B and thus one or more chain links can be removed from the chain linkage without the use of any tools.
  • a lateral displacement of the chain links A and B against one another transversely to their running plane is counteracted by the nesting of each core part K between the two side parts S and S ', which can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the side parts S and S ' which are identical to one another, have a shape that differs from the core parts K enclosed by them; however, just like the core parts K, they can be hooked into one another to form a closed structure which is rigid at right angles to the running plane, but which can be bent within the running plane.
  • each of the side parts S and S ' has a locking nose 7 directed downwards at its front edge on, which corresponds in shape to a recess 8 provided at the rear edge, so that the locking lugs 7 of the side parts S and S 'of the subsequent chain link B can be hooked into the recesses 8 in the side parts S and S' of the preceding chain link A.
  • each of the side parts S and S ' has a downwardly projecting guide fin 6, which serves as a guide element for guiding the saw chain on its deflection wheels.
  • the chain links A and B are provided with cutting teeth 9 that are periodically alternating in the course of the saw chain.
  • the sawing work is divided into two different types of teeth, which take effect one after the other. 1 there are two cutting teeth 9 and a clearing tooth 10 on each of the chain links A and B;
  • the center of the crescent arch forms the highest point of the contour and travels at 90 ° against the direction of the saw through the material to be cut. Its elasticity means that the material to be cut still presses against the cutting edge even after the maximum incision depth has been reached.
  • the steady and symmetrical shape of the cutting edge means that it does not become one abrupt entry or exit from the material to be cut and each piece of the cutting edge is supported in its vicinity, which results in smooth cut surfaces on the material to be cut and high stability of the saw.
  • the clearing teeth 10 have two mutually parallel cutting edges in the example shown, which run at 90 ° against the chain running direction L. They work analogously to planer knives. Instead of the design of the cutting edges shown, a symmetrical arrow or notch shape is also possible for the cutting edges, and a cutting edge course that is oblique to the chain running direction L can also be provided.
  • Both the cutting teeth 9 and the clearing teeth 10 can be interchangeably connected to the chain links A and B.
  • the invention can be described as a saw with a large number of teeth, which follow one another on a common carrier with a mutual spacing along its direction of travel and in some cases have differently shaped working edges.
  • At least two types of teeth are provided to achieve smooth separating surfaces on the material to be sawn and to reduce the driving force to be used for the sawing operation, which differ from one type to the other in the shape and / or position of their cutting edges.
  • the teeth of one type are preferably designed as cutting teeth and the teeth of another type as clearing teeth, which alternate periodically along the carrier.
  • individual elements which can be pivoted relative to one another can also be used for flexible elements such as bands or cords, but also more rigid bodies such as more or less solid saw blades or circular saw discs.

Abstract

The coupled chain links carry cutting elements. The inter-engaging, adjacent chain links (A, B) are coupled along edge faces, orthogonal to the common running plane, to a common set, transverse to the running plane. Pref., each chain link has a multilayer configuration with an inner core (K) and two side portions (5, 5'), with the latter identical. Each core portion has a downwards curved extension (1), starting at its front edge, and a downward and forward bent hook (2), starting at the link rear edge. The extension of the next link core is retained in a complementary recess (3). A front recess (4) with a link bolt (5) suspends the hook.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Säge und insbesondere eine Kettensäge, wie sie im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 im einzelnen angegeben ist.The invention relates to a saw and in particular a chainsaw, as specified in the preamble of claim 1 in detail.

Die bisher bekannten Sägen zeichnen sich sämtlich und auch dann, wenn sie mit unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Zähnen ausgestattet sind, durch eine Arbeitsweise aus, bei der das Sägegut nicht zerschnitten sondern zerrissen wird. Die bisher bekannten Sägen sind also nicht eigentlich "Schneidwerkzeuge" sondern eher "Reißwerkzeuge". Dies zeigt sich insbesondere auch bei Betrachtung der mit den bisher bekannten Sägen erzielbaren Trennflächen am Sägegut. Diese zeichnen sich nämlich durch die sogenannte "Sägerauhigkeit" aus. Vielfach liegt der Unterschied in der Abrißlänge der Einzelfasern in der jeweiligen Trennfläche in der Größenordnung mm.The previously known saws are all characterized and even if they are equipped with differently shaped teeth, by a method of operation in which the sawdust is not cut but torn. The hitherto known saws are therefore not actually "cutting tools" but rather "tearing tools". This is particularly evident when considering the separable surfaces on the sawn material that can be achieved with the saws known to date. These are characterized by the so-called "sawing roughness". In many cases, the difference in the length of tears of the individual fibers in the respective separating surface is of the order of mm.

In den meisten Fällen erfolgt die Auftrennung des Zusammenhalts im Sägegut außerdem unter Zerreißen von dessen Fasern in ihrer Längsrichtung, in der die Festigkeit des Sägeguts am größten ist. Dies verlangt naturgemäß einen sehr großen Kraftaufwand für die Sägearbeit, und demtentsprechend groß wird der Energiebedarf für den Sägeantrieb.In most cases, the cohesion in the material to be sawn is also broken by tearing its fibers in their longitudinal direction, in which the strength of the material to be sawn is greatest. This naturally requires a great deal of effort for the sawing work, and the energy requirement for the saw drive is correspondingly large.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Säge der eingangs erwähnten Art so auszubilden, daß sie einen glatten Sägeschnitt zu liefern vermag und dabei nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Antriebskraft verlangt.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a saw of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it can deliver a smooth saw cut and only requires a comparatively low driving force.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung gelöst durch eine Ausbildung der Säge, wie sie im Patentanspruch 1 im einzelnen angegeben ist; vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved according to the invention by training the saw as specified in claim 1 in detail; advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Eine Säge gemäß der Erfindung verteilt die Aufgabe einer Auftrennung des Zusammenhalts im Sägegut auf wenigstens zwei verschiedene Zahnsorten. Um die Schnittiefe eines Arbeitsgangs überstehende Schneidzähne schneiden entsprechend in das Sägegut ein; dabei ist eine Schneidzahnausbildung mit zwei längs der Schnittrichtung und symmetrisch dazu verlaufenden Messeraußenkanten von sichelförmiger Wölbung nach außen bevorzugt, die bis zu ihrem höchsten Rundungspunkt in das Sägegut einschneiden und einen Sägebetrieb sowohl in Vorwärtsrichtung als auch in Rückwärtsrichtung mit gleicher Wirksamkeit erlauben. Jeweils nachfolgende Räumzähne entfernen dann das abgeschnittene Material nach Art eines Hobelmessers. Damit ergibt sich ein glatter Schnitt ohne Treppenstufen und ohne Faserrauhigkeit, also eine Schneidgutoberfläche, wie sie bisher nur mittels Nachhobeln oder Nachschleifen erzielbar ist.A saw according to the invention distributes the task of separating the cohesion in the sawn material to at least two different types of tooth. Cutting teeth protruding from the cutting depth of a work step cut into the sawing material accordingly; In this case, a cutting tooth design with two knife outer edges running along the cutting direction and symmetrically to it from crescent-shaped curvature to the outside is preferred, which cut into the sawing material up to its highest rounding point and permit sawing both in the forward direction and in the backward direction with the same effectiveness. Subsequent clearing teeth then remove the cut material in the manner of a planing knife. This results in a smooth cut without steps and without fiber roughness, that is, a product surface that has previously only been achieved by re-planing or regrinding.

Der Sägebetrieb verlangt in beiden Laufrichtungen nur eine geringe Antriebskraft, so daß für den Sägeantrieb gegebenenfalls ein elektrischer Akkumulator ausreicht. Die auf die Säge wirkenden Kräfte zeigen außerdem eine völlig symmetrische Verteilung, so daß keine Seitenführung im Sägebetrieb erforderlich ist. Die Betriebsgeschwindigkeit ist klein, so daß auch bei einer Entgleisung oder einem Bruch des Trägers keine Unfallgefahr durch umherfliegende Teile entstehen kann. Weiter ermöglicht der langsame Lauf im Notfall ein rasches Stillsetzen der Säge, und außerdem erhöht sich dadurch die Standfestigkeit der Schneidelemente.The sawing operation requires only a small driving force in both running directions, so that an electric accumulator may be sufficient for the sawing drive. The forces acting on the saw also show a completely symmetrical distribution, so that no lateral guidance is required in the sawing operation. The operating speed is low, so that there is no risk of accidents caused by flying parts even if the carrier is derailed or broken. Furthermore, the slow running enables the saw to be stopped quickly in an emergency, and this also increases the stability of the cutting elements.

Für die weitere Erläuterung der Erfindung wird nunmehr auf die Zeichnung Bezug genommen, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Erfindung in Form einer Kettensäge veranschaulicht ist; dabei zeigen in der Zeichnung:

Fig. 1
zwei in gestreckter Betriebsstellung ineinandergreifende Kettenglieder in einer Seitenansicht nach Abnahme ihres einen Seitenteils,
Fig. 2
ein einzelnes Kettenglied in einer Stirnansicht,
Fig. 3
eine Gesamtdarstellung einer Sägekette auf zwei Umlenkrollen und
Fig. 4
zwei verschiedene Schneidelemente in einer vergrößerten Perspektivdarstellung.
For the further explanation of the invention reference is now made to the drawing, in which an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the form of a chainsaw; show in the drawing:
Fig. 1
two chain links interlocking in the extended operating position in a side view after removal of their one side part,
Fig. 2
a single chain link in a front view,
Fig. 3
an overall view of a saw chain on two pulleys and
Fig. 4
two different cutting elements in an enlarged perspective view.

Die Darstellung in Fig. 1 zeigt zwei ineinander eingehängte Kettenglieder A und B, von denen jedes in der in Fig. 2 für das Kettenglied A gezeigten Weise aus einem mittleren Kernteil K und zwei äußeren Seitenteilen S und S' besteht, wobei jedoch in Fig. 1 zur Veranschaulichung der Form des Kernteils K das Seitenteil S' abgenommen ist. Sowohl das Kernteil K als auch die Seitenteile S und S' können jeweils aus miteinander vernieteten Blechen zusammengesetzt werden. Die Laufrichtung der in aus Fig. 3 ersichtlicher Weise aus einer Vielzahl solcher Kettenglieder zusammengefügten Sägekette ist in Fig. 1 durch einen Doppelpfeil L angedeutet, da ein Sägebetrieb sowohl bei einer Bewegung der Kettenglieder von links nach rechts als auch bei einer solchen von rechts nach links möglich und gleich wirksam ist.The illustration in FIG. 1 shows two interlinked chain links A and B, each of which consists of a central core part K and two outer side parts S and S 'in the manner shown for the chain link A in FIG. 2, but in FIG. 1 to illustrate the shape of the core part K, the side part S 'has been removed. Both the core part K and the side parts S and S 'can each be composed of riveted metal sheets. The running direction of the saw chain, which can be seen in FIG. 3 from a large number of such chain links, is indicated in FIG. 1 by a double arrow L, since a sawing operation occurs when the chain links move from left to right as well as from right to left is possible and equally effective.

Sowohl die Kernteile K als auch die Seitenteile S und S' sind bei allen Kettengliedern jeweils gleich ausgebildet, und außerdem sind die Seitenteile S und S' jeweils identisch gestaltet; es werden daher im folgenden nur das Kernteil K und das Seitenteil S des Kettengliedes A im einzelnen beschrieben.Both the core parts K and the side parts S and S 'are each of the same design in all chain links, and in addition the side parts S and S' are each designed identically; therefore only the core part K and the side part S of the chain link A are described in detail below.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, weisen die Kernteile K eine gerade Oberkante und eine gerade Unterkante auf, wobei über die Unterkante ein keilförmiger Antriebszahn 17 nach unten übersteht, über den sich die Sägekette in Bewegung setzen läßt, während an der Oberkante ein Schneidelement ausgebildet ist, das bei dem dargestellten Beispiel den mittleren Teil eines Räumzahnes 10 bildet, der sich entsprechend der Darstellung in Fig. 2 und 4 auch über die anschließenden Seitenteile S und S' erstreckt.As shown in FIG. 1, the core parts K have a straight upper edge and a straight lower edge, a wedge-shaped drive tooth 17 projecting downward over the lower edge, via which the saw chain can be set in motion while a cutting element is formed on the upper edge, which in the example shown forms the middle part of a broaching tooth 10 which, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, also extends over the adjoining side parts S and S '.

An seiner in Fig. 1 rechten oder vorderen Kante weist das Kernteil K des Einzelgliedes A einen nach vorn gerichteten und auf seine Längsmittelachse zu nach unten gekrümmten Ansatz 1 auf, der oben mit einem Sattel 14 in die Oberkante des Kernteils K übergeht und an seinem freien Ende in eine nach unten gerichtete Nase 11 ausläuft, die noch oberhalb der Längsmittelachse des Einzelglieds A liegt. Dem Ansatz 1 entspricht eine obere Ausnehmung 3, die von der hinteren Kante her in das jeweilige Kernteil K eingeformt ist und in der zusammengesetzten Sägekette jeweils den Ansatz 1 des nächstfolgenden Kernteils K aufnimmt, wie dies in Fig. 1 für die beiden Kettenglieder A und B gezeigt ist. Dazu weist die Ausnehmung 3 nahe ihrem inneren Grunde eine Anschrägung 12 auf, die der Nase 11 am freien Ende des Ansatzes 1 zugeordnet ist. Außerdem ist am oberen Ende der Ausnehmung 3 an der Übergangsstelle in die Oberkante des jeweiligen Kernteils K ein Horn 13 ausgebildet, das in der zusammengesetzten Sägekette mit dem Sattel 14 des vorangehenden Kernteils K zusammenwirkt, wie dies ebenfalls aus der Darstellung in Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist.At its right or front edge in FIG. 1, the core part K of the individual member A has a forwardly directed and curved downward on its longitudinal central axis approach 1, which merges with a saddle 14 in the upper edge of the core part K and at its free End ends in a downward nose 11, which is still above the longitudinal central axis of the individual member A. Approach 1 corresponds to an upper recess 3, which is formed from the rear edge into the respective core part K and in the assembled saw chain in each case receives the approach 1 of the next core part K, as shown in FIG. 1 for the two chain links A and B. is shown. For this purpose, the recess 3 has near her inner reason a bevel 12, which is assigned to the nose 11 at the free end of the neck 1. In addition, a horn 13 is formed at the upper end of the recess 3 at the transition point into the upper edge of the respective core part K, which cooperates with the saddle 14 of the preceding core part K in the assembled saw chain, as can also be seen from the illustration in FIG. 1 .

Von der hinteren Kante des Kernteils K geht ein Haken 2 aus, der an seinem freien Ende nach unten und vorn abgebogen ist, wobei dieses freie Ende unterhalb der Längsmittelachse des jeweiligen Kernteils K liegt. An der vorderen Kante des Kernteils K ist in Entsprechung zu diesem Haken 2 eine untere Ausnehmung 4 vorgesehen, die in der zusammengesetzten Sägekette den Haken 2 des jeweils vorangehenden Kernteils K aufnimmt. Dabei weist jede Ausnehmung 4 jeweils an ihrem inneren Ende eine Kerbe 15 auf, der an dem zugeordneten Haken 2 ein an dessen Hinterkante ausgebildeter Vorsprung 16 in Lage und Form entspricht. Außerdem ist im unteren Bereich der Ausnehmung 4 ein nach oben und hinten gekrümmter Gelenkbolzen 5 von angenäherter Kommaform ausgebildet, das sich in der zusammengesetzten Sägekette an die innere Höhlung des Hakens 2 des vorangehenden Kernteils K anschmiegt, wie dies in Fig. 1 für die Kettenglieder A und B gezeigt ist.A hook 2 extends from the rear edge of the core part K and is bent downwards and forwards at its free end, this free end lying below the longitudinal central axis of the respective core part K. At the front edge of the core part K, in correspondence to this hook 2, a lower recess 4 is provided which receives the hook 2 of the preceding core part K in the assembled saw chain. Each recess 4 has a notch 15 at its inner end, which corresponds to a position and shape of a projection 16 formed on the rear edge of the associated hook 2. In addition, in the lower region of the recess 4, an upward and rearward curved joint pin 5 of approximately comma shape is formed, which nestles in the assembled saw chain to the inner cavity of the hook 2 of the preceding core part K, as shown in FIG. 1 for the chain links A. and B is shown.

Die gekrümmten Flächen der zusammenwirkenden Teilstücke aller Kernteile K folgen bevorzugt Kreisbögen, wobei die Radien und die Mittelpunkte dieser Kreisbögen für korrespondierende Flächen so voneinander abweichen bzw. gegeneinander versetzt sind, daß alle Relativbewegungen noch vor gegenseitiger Berührung beendet sind und sich berührende Flächen reibungsfrei aufeinander abrollen. Dabei ergeben sich zwischen den einander zugeordneten Flächen sich allmählich schließende Spalte, so daß im Sägebetrieb anfallender Feinschmutz jeweils an die Enden der Berührungsflächen geschoben und entfernt wird.The curved surfaces of the interacting sections of all core parts K preferably follow circular arcs, the radii and the center points of these circular arches for corresponding surfaces differing from one another or being offset from one another in such a way that all relative movements have ended before mutual contact and contacting surfaces roll smoothly on one another. This results in gradually closing gaps between the surfaces assigned to one another, so that fine dirt accumulating in the sawing operation is pushed and removed at the ends of the contact surfaces.

Im Sägebetrieb, der sich mit gleicher Effektivität im Vorwärtslauf mit einer Bewegung der Kettenglieder A und B in Fig. 1 nach rechts wie im Rückwärtslauf mit einer Bewegung der Kettenglieder A und B in Fig. 1 nach links vollziehen kann, wirkt der Arbeitsdruck in Fig. 1 senkrecht von oben auf den als anfänglicher Drehpunkt wirkenden Gelenkbolzen 5. Dabei drückt der Haken 2 mit dem Bereich seines Vorsprungs 16 auf die an die Kerbe 15 anschließende Begrenzungsfläche der Ausnehmung 4. Ein Weiterdrehen des Hakens 2 um den anfänglichen Drehpunkt ist dann nicht mehr möglich, und zum neuen Drehpunkt werden die Berührungsflächen zwischen dem Haken 2 und der Ausnehmung 4. Dadurch hebt die Innenfläche des Hakens 2 kräftemäßig vom Gelenkbolzen 5 ab, bis das Horn 13 am Sattel 14 zur Anlage kommt und damit dort eine Druckweitergabe an den Berührungsflächen erfolgt. Von dem so weitergegebenen Druck subtrahiert sich der Arbeitszug der Sägekette in der jeweiligen Fahrtrichtung. Die Zugkraft der Sägekette wird dabei von den Berührungsflächen zwischen dem Ansatz 1 im Bereich der Nase 11 einerseits und der Begrenzung der Ausnehmung 3 im Bereich der Anschrägung 12 übertragen. Dabei entsteht an allen Berührungsflächen unabhängig von der Reihenfolge der Kettenglieder A und B im Zuge der Sägekette, also unabhängig von der Fahrtrichtung der Sägekette entlang des Doppelpfeils L nach links oder nach rechts, nur Druckbelastungen. Elastischen Deformationen wie einem Aufbiegen des Hakens 2, des Ansatzes 1 oder des Horns 13 beugen die jeweiligen Gegenflächen vor, wobei alle Kräfte als Druck abgefangen werden.In saw operation, which can be carried out with the same effectiveness in forward running with a movement of chain links A and B in Fig. 1 to the right as in reverse running with a movement of chain links A and B in Fig. 1 to the left, the working pressure in Fig. 1 vertically from above onto the pivot pin 5, which acts as the initial pivot point the hook 2 with the area of its projection 16 onto the boundary surface of the recess 4 adjoining the notch 15. A further rotation of the hook 2 around the initial pivot point is then no longer possible, and the contact surfaces between the hook 2 and the recess become the new pivot point 4. As a result, the inner surface of the hook 2 lifts up forcefully from the hinge pin 5 until the horn 13 comes to rest on the saddle 14 and there is a pressure transmission there at the contact surfaces. The working chain of the saw chain in the respective direction of travel is subtracted from the pressure thus passed on. The tensile force of the saw chain is transmitted from the contact surfaces between the shoulder 1 in the area of the nose 11 on the one hand and the limitation of the recess 3 in the area of the bevel 12. At all contact surfaces, regardless of the order of chain links A and B in the course of the saw chain, i.e. regardless of the direction of travel of the saw chain along the double arrow L to the left or to the right, only pressure loads occur. Elastic deformations such as bending the hook 2, the shoulder 1 or the horn 13 prevent the respective counter surfaces, all forces being absorbed as pressure.

Durch das Zusammenwirken der verschiedenen Berührungsflächen entsteht aus den Kettengliedern A und B eine quer zu ihrer Laufebene biegesteife Einheit; innerhalb der Laufebene jedoch sind Knickbewegungen der Kettenglieder A und B relativ zueinander möglich. Durch ein Weiterknicken des Kettenglieds eine bestimmte Stellung hinaus wird dabei ein Abhängen des Kettengliedes A von dem Kettenglied B und damit ein Herauslösen eines oder mehrerer Kettenglieder aus dem Kettenverband ohne den Einsatz von irgendwelchem Werkzeug möglich.Through the interaction of the different contact surfaces, chain links A and B form a unit that is rigid against bending at its running level; within the running plane, however, kinking movements of the chain links A and B relative to one another are possible. By kinking the chain link beyond a certain position, the chain link A can be suspended from the chain link B and thus one or more chain links can be removed from the chain linkage without the use of any tools.

Einem seitlichen Verschieben der Kettenglieder A und B gegeneinander quer zu ihrer Laufebene wirkt die insbesondere aus Fig. 1 und 2 ersichtliche Einschachtelung jedes Kernteils K zwischen die beiden Seitenteile S und S' entgegen. Die Seitenteile S und S', die untereinander identisch ausgebildet sind, weisen eine von den davon eingeschlossenen Kernteilen K abweichende Form auf; sie sind jedoch ebenso wie die Kernteile K zu einem geschlossenen, quer zur Laufebene biegesteifen, aber innerhalb der Laufebene in sich knickbaren Verband ineinander einhängbar. Dazu weist jedes der Seitenteile S und S' an seinem vorderen Rand eine nach unten gerichtete Verriegelungsnase 7 auf, die in ihrer Form mit einer am hinteren Rand vorgesehenen Ausnehmung 8 korrespondiert, so daß die Verriegelungsnasen 7 der Seitenteile S und S' des nachfolgenden Kettenglieds B in die Ausnehmungen 8 in den Seitenteilen S und S' des vorangehenden Kettenglieds A einhängbar sind. Außerdem weist jedes der Seitenteile S und S' eine nach unten überstehende Führungsflosse 6 auf, die als Führungselement für die Führung der Sägekette auf ihren Umlenkrädern dient.A lateral displacement of the chain links A and B against one another transversely to their running plane is counteracted by the nesting of each core part K between the two side parts S and S ', which can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2. The side parts S and S ', which are identical to one another, have a shape that differs from the core parts K enclosed by them; however, just like the core parts K, they can be hooked into one another to form a closed structure which is rigid at right angles to the running plane, but which can be bent within the running plane. For this purpose, each of the side parts S and S 'has a locking nose 7 directed downwards at its front edge on, which corresponds in shape to a recess 8 provided at the rear edge, so that the locking lugs 7 of the side parts S and S 'of the subsequent chain link B can be hooked into the recesses 8 in the side parts S and S' of the preceding chain link A. In addition, each of the side parts S and S 'has a downwardly projecting guide fin 6, which serves as a guide element for guiding the saw chain on its deflection wheels.

Als Schneidelemente sind an den Kettengliedern A und B außer den oben bereits erwähnten Räumzähnen 10 damit im Zuge der Sägekette periodisch alternierend angeordnete Schneidzähne 9 vorgesehen. Die Sägearbeit wird also auf zwei verschiedene Zahnarten aufgeteilt, die nacheinander wirksam werden. Dabei sind in Fig. 1 an jedem der Kettenglieder A und B zwei Schneidzähne 9 und ein Räumzahn 10 vorhanden; es ist aber auch möglich, entsprechend der Darstellung in Fig. 3 jedes Kettenglied mit nur einer Zahnart, also nur mit Schneidzähnen oder nur mit Räumzähnen auszustatten, und ebenso können mehr als nur zwei Zahnarten vorgesehen werden, wobei gewünschtenfalls einzelne Kettenglieder auch ganz ohne Schneidelement gelassen werden können.In addition to the above-mentioned clearing teeth 10, the chain links A and B are provided with cutting teeth 9 that are periodically alternating in the course of the saw chain. The sawing work is divided into two different types of teeth, which take effect one after the other. 1 there are two cutting teeth 9 and a clearing tooth 10 on each of the chain links A and B; However, it is also possible, as shown in FIG. 3, to equip each chain link with only one tooth type, i.e. only with cutting teeth or only with clearing teeth, and likewise more than only two tooth types can be provided, individual chain links also being left entirely without a cutting element if desired can be.

Die Form der Schneidzähne 9 und der Räumzähne 10 und ihre Anordnung an den Kettengliedern ist am deutlichsten aus der Darstellung in Fig. 4 ersichtlich. Insbesondere ist dort erkennbar, daß die Schneidzähne 9 an den Seitenteilen S und S' sitzen, während sich die Räumzähne quer über die Seitenteile S und S' und das Kernteil K erstrecken.The shape of the cutting teeth 9 and the clearing teeth 10 and their arrangement on the chain links can be seen most clearly from the illustration in FIG. 4. In particular, it can be seen there that the cutting teeth 9 sit on the side parts S and S ', while the clearing teeth extend across the side parts S and S' and the core part K.

Die Schneidkanten der Schneidzähne 9, die sich insgesamt nach oben bzw. außen zu keilförmig verjüngen, verlaufen parallel zur Laufebene der Sägekette, und sie sind stetig und entlang der Kettenlaufrichtung L symmetrisch ausgebildet und sichelförmig nach oben bzw. außen gewölbt. Auf diese Weise schneiden die Schneidzähne 9 mit einer vorgegebenen Tiefe in das Schneidgut ein und sorgen somit für eine glatte und stufenfreie Sägefläche daran. Die Mitte des Sichelbogens bildet den höchsten Punkt der Kontur und fährt unter 90° gegen die Laufrichtung der Säge durch das Schneidgut. Dessen Elastizität führt dazu, daß das Schneidgut auch nach dem Erreichen der maximalen Einschnittiefe noch gegen die Schneidkante drückt. Die stetige und symmetrische Form der Schneidkante hat zur Folge, daß es nicht zu einem abrupten Ein- oder Austritt aus dem Schneidgut kommen kann und jedes Stück der Schneidkante in seiner Nachbarschaft Abstützung findet, was im Ergebnis zu glatten Schnittflächen am Schneidgut und hoher Standfestigkeit der Säge führt.The cutting edges of the cutting teeth 9, which overall taper in a wedge shape upwards or outwards, run parallel to the running plane of the saw chain, and they are formed continuously and symmetrically along the chain running direction L and are crescent-shaped upwards or outwards. In this way, the cutting teeth 9 cut into the material to be cut with a predetermined depth and thus ensure a smooth and step-free sawing surface thereon. The center of the crescent arch forms the highest point of the contour and travels at 90 ° against the direction of the saw through the material to be cut. Its elasticity means that the material to be cut still presses against the cutting edge even after the maximum incision depth has been reached. The steady and symmetrical shape of the cutting edge means that it does not become one abrupt entry or exit from the material to be cut and each piece of the cutting edge is supported in its vicinity, which results in smooth cut surfaces on the material to be cut and high stability of the saw.

Die Räumzähne 10 besitzen bei dem gezeigten Beispiel zwei zueinander parallele Schneidkanten, die unter 90° gegen die Kettenlaufrichtung L verlaufen. Sie wirken analog zu Hobelmessern. Anstelle der gezeigten Ausbildung der Schneidkanten ist aber auch eine symmetrische Pfeil- oder eine Kerben-form für die Schneidkanten möglich, und ebenso kann auch ein zur Kettenlaufrichtung L schräger Schneidkantenverlauf vorgesehen werden.The clearing teeth 10 have two mutually parallel cutting edges in the example shown, which run at 90 ° against the chain running direction L. They work analogously to planer knives. Instead of the design of the cutting edges shown, a symmetrical arrow or notch shape is also possible for the cutting edges, and a cutting edge course that is oblique to the chain running direction L can also be provided.

Sowohl die Schneidzähne 9 als auch die Räumzähne 10 können auswechselbar mit den Kettengliedern A und B verbunden sein.Both the cutting teeth 9 and the clearing teeth 10 can be interchangeably connected to the chain links A and B.

Grundsätzlich läßt sich die Erfindung beschreiben als eine Säge mit einer Vielzahl von Zähnen, die auf einem gemeinsamen Träger mit gegenseitigem Abstand entlang dessen Laufrichtung aufeinanderfolgen und teilweise unterschiedlich gestaltete Arbeitskanten aufweisen.Basically, the invention can be described as a saw with a large number of teeth, which follow one another on a common carrier with a mutual spacing along its direction of travel and in some cases have differently shaped working edges.

Gemäß der Erfindung sind zur Erzielung glatter Trennflächen am Sägegut und zur Verringerung der für den Sägebetrieb aufzuwendenden Antriebskraft wenigstens zwei Arten von Zähnen vorgesehen, die sich von Art zu Art in Form und/oder Stellung ihrer Schneidkanten voneinander unterscheiden. wobei bevorzugt die Zähne einer Art als Schneidzähne und die Zähne einer anderen Art als Räumzähne ausgebildet sind, die längs des Trägers periodisch alternierend aufeinanderfolgen.According to the invention, at least two types of teeth are provided to achieve smooth separating surfaces on the material to be sawn and to reduce the driving force to be used for the sawing operation, which differ from one type to the other in the shape and / or position of their cutting edges. wherein the teeth of one type are preferably designed as cutting teeth and the teeth of another type as clearing teeth, which alternate periodically along the carrier.

Als Träger für die Schneidelemente kommen im übrigen außer der bei dem oben näher beschriebenen Beispiel vorgesehenen Kette aus gegeneinander verschwenkbaren Einzelgliedern auch anders gestaltete flexible Elemente wie Bänder oder Schnüre, aber auch steifere Körper wie mehr oder weniger feste Sägeblätter oder Kreissägescheiben in Betracht.As a carrier for the cutting elements, in addition to the chain provided in the example described in more detail above, individual elements which can be pivoted relative to one another can also be used for flexible elements such as bands or cords, but also more rigid bodies such as more or less solid saw blades or circular saw discs.

Claims (14)

Säge, insbesondere Kettensäge mit einer Vielzahl von in einer gemeinsamen Laufebene relativ zueinander schwenkbar miteinander gekoppelten Kettengliedern, bei der auf einem gemeinsamen Träger entlang dessen Laufrichtung eine Vielzahl von Schneidelementen mit gegenseitigem Abstand aufeinanderfolgen, die sich wenigstens zum Teil durch verschieden ausgebildete Schneidkanten voneinander unterscheiden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Schneidelemente wenigstens zwei Arten von Zähnen (9, 10) mit voneinander abweichenden Schneidkanten vorgesehen sind.
Saw, in particular a chain saw with a large number of chain links pivotably coupled to one another in a common running plane, in which a large number of cutting elements follow one another on a common carrier along its running direction and differ from one another at least in part by differently designed cutting edges,
characterized,
that at least two types of teeth (9, 10) with different cutting edges are provided as cutting elements.
Säge nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zähne (9, 10) beider Arten längs der Laufrichtung des Trägers periodisch alternierend aufeinanderfolgen.
Saw according to claim 1, characterized in that
that the teeth (9, 10) of both types periodically alternate in succession along the running direction of the carrier.
Säge nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich die Zähne (9, 10) von Art zu Art in der Form und/oder der Stellung ihrer Schneidkanten voneinander unterscheiden.
Saw according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
that the teeth (9, 10) differ from type to type in the shape and / or the position of their cutting edges.
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zähne (9, 10) auswechselbar mit dem Träger verbunden sind.
Saw according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that
that the teeth (9, 10) are interchangeably connected to the carrier.
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zähne einer Art Schneidzähne (9) und die Zähne einer anderen Art Räumzähne (10) sind.
Saw according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
that the teeth of one type of cutting teeth (9) and the teeth of another type of clearing teeth (10).
Säge nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schneidkanten der Schneidzähne (9) parallel zur Laufebene des Trägers und die Schneidkanten der Räumzähne (10) unter einem Winkel dagegen verlaufen.
Saw according to claim 5, characterized in
that the cutting edges of the cutting teeth (9) parallel to the running plane of the carrier and the cutting edges of the clearing teeth (10) run against it at an angle.
Säge nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich jeweils zwei Schneidzähne (9) zu beiden Seiten der Mittelebene des Trägers mit zueinander parallelen Schneidkanten gegenüberstehen.
Saw according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that
that two cutting teeth (9) face each other on both sides of the central plane of the carrier with mutually parallel cutting edges.
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schneidkanten der Schneidzähne (9) einen entlang der Laufrichtung des Trägers symmetrischen Verlauf aufweisen.
Saw according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that
that the cutting edges of the cutting teeth (9) have a symmetrical course along the running direction of the carrier.
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schneidkanten der Schneidzähne (9) stetig verlaufen.
Saw according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that
that the cutting edges of the cutting teeth (9) run continuously.
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schneidkanten der Schneidzähne (9) sichelförmig nach oben gewölbt verlaufen.
Saw according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that
that the cutting edges of the cutting teeth (9) are curved in a crescent shape upwards.
Säge nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Mitte des Sichelbogens jeweils den am weitesten außen liegenden Punkt der Schneidkanten der Schneidezähne (9) bildet.
Saw according to claim 10, characterized in that
that the center of the crescent arch forms the outermost point of the cutting edges of the incisors (9).
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schneidkanten der Räumzähne (10) unter einem Winkel von 90° zur Laufebene des Trägers verlaufen.
Saw according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that
that the cutting edges of the clearing teeth (10) run at an angle of 90 ° to the running plane of the carrier.
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Räumzähne (10) zwei zueinander parallele Schneidkanten aufweisen, die mit Abstand voneinander entlang der Laufrichtung des Trägers aufeinanderfolgen.
Saw according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that
that the clearing teeth (10) have two mutually parallel cutting edges, which follow one another at a distance from one another along the running direction of the carrier.
Säge nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schneidkanten der Räumzähne (10) pfeil- oder kerbenartig geknickt verlaufen.
Saw according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that
that the cutting edges of the clearing teeth (10) run like an arrow or notch.
EP97101210A 1992-11-09 1993-11-09 Sawing tool, in particular saw chain Expired - Lifetime EP0773084B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4237781A DE4237781C2 (en) 1992-11-09 1992-11-09 Saw chain for chainsaws
DE4237781 1992-11-09
EP93118157A EP0605770B1 (en) 1992-11-09 1993-11-09 Saw chain for chain saws

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EP93118157.2 Division 1993-11-09

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EP0773084A2 true EP0773084A2 (en) 1997-05-14
EP0773084A3 EP0773084A3 (en) 1998-02-04
EP0773084B1 EP0773084B1 (en) 2002-09-18

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EP (2) EP0605770B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE224252T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9305717A (en)
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DE (3) DE4237781C2 (en)
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GB1117908A (en) * 1966-06-13 1968-06-26 Stanley Works Circular saw blade
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0605770A3 (en) 1994-08-24
DE4237781A1 (en) 1994-05-11
US5988035A (en) 1999-11-23
EP0605770A2 (en) 1994-07-13
EP0605770B1 (en) 1997-07-30
CA2127708A1 (en) 1994-05-26
ATE156057T1 (en) 1997-08-15
DK0773084T3 (en) 2003-01-20
DE59310303D1 (en) 2002-10-24
DE59307018D1 (en) 1997-09-04
EP0773084A3 (en) 1998-02-04
EP0773084B1 (en) 2002-09-18
DE4237781C2 (en) 1995-08-10
ATE224252T1 (en) 2002-10-15
BR9305717A (en) 1996-12-31
WO1994011166A1 (en) 1994-05-26

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