EP0771578B1 - Backpressure modulating cartridge for a respiratory mask - Google Patents
Backpressure modulating cartridge for a respiratory mask Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0771578B1 EP0771578B1 EP96402315A EP96402315A EP0771578B1 EP 0771578 B1 EP0771578 B1 EP 0771578B1 EP 96402315 A EP96402315 A EP 96402315A EP 96402315 A EP96402315 A EP 96402315A EP 0771578 B1 EP0771578 B1 EP 0771578B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modulating
- valve member
- cartridge according
- cartridge
- guide rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000008445 altitude sickness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010021133 Hypoventilation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036314 physical performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
- A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
- A62B18/10—Valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of respiratory control in subjects affected or sensitive or exposed to hypoxia.
- the modulating cartridge is more particularly intended for sensitive subjects to an altitude environment and, for which it is important, if not absolutely necessary to restore or improve physical performance, to prevent the occurrence symptoms of altitude sickness such as that known as altitude sickness acute mountains, or even treat complications in first aid such as induced symptom.
- Such respiratory maneuvers can be described as “lip breathing closed”, inversion of the breathing time-expiration time ratio, or microwave ventilation.
- US Patent 4,428,392 describes a valve cartridge for a respiratory mask comprising a body adaptable to a mask.
- the body defines two rooms successive communicating by a passage, one of the rooms being in connection with the environment while the other is related to the mask.
- a valve of lower surface to the passage section allows inspiration by its mobility elastic.
- a third chamber allows expiration thanks to a movable and controlled valve elastically.
- This cartridge is however bulky due to the presence of three rooms and does not offer the possibility of flexible use.
- Patent DE 1 265 588 describes a valve for a respiratory mask containing a valve closing valve and a bellows maintained under pressure by the gas at breathe. During inspiration the valve is held in the closed position by a spring located between the valve and the bellows, thus forcing the user of the mask to breathe the gas contained in the bellows and not the ambient air. Upon expiration, a suppression is exerted on the valve thus releasing the gas exhale.
- This cartridge presents however the disadvantage of being fragile and difficult to adjust.
- the object of the invention is precisely to fill the present faceted gap multiple by offering a pressure modulating cartridge with the particularity to be easily adaptable on all respiratory masks, to be very easily adjustable, especially in exhalation back pressure without requiring long disassembly, tedious and delicate, to be light, to be easy to manufacture and maintain and to be resistant to variations in temperature and humidity, as well as aging over time, especially under the effect of ultraviolet rays.
- the modulating cartridge according to the invention is characterized in that
- Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional elevation of the modulating cartridge in accordance with the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a cross section taken along line II-II of FIG. 1.
- the modulating cartridge generally designated by the reference 1 , comprises a body 2 , preferably, but not exclusively cylindrical, made of a light material, resistant to shocks, to variations in temperature and to rays, in particular ultra -violets, so as to have a certain resistance to the aging of time.
- a material is preferably chosen from plastics and, more particularly, is made from polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the body 2 is closed at both ends by elements of transverse walls 3 and 4 which can be made of the same material and be adaptable by screwing possibly associated with seals not shown.
- the transverse wall element 3 is preferably made in the form of a solid wall cover while the transverse wall element 4 can be constituted by a simple cross, removable or not, or also by a screwable wall as illustrated in the drawings.
- the wall element has openings 5 bringing the internal volume of the body 2 into communication with a mask 6 on which the body is adapted by means of a groove 2a or the like presented by the body 2 in the vicinity of wall element 4
- the body 2 delimits internally, in particular by means of an annular rim 7 , two successive chambers 8 and 9 communicating with each other by a passage 10 , for example circular delimited by the rim 7 .
- the so-called inspiration-expiration chamber 8 is in relation to the ambient or surrounding environment by lights 11 which are preferably made in the part of the peripheral wall of the body 2 corresponding to the chamber 8 . In certain cases, provision could also be made for lights in the transverse wall element 3 .
- the so-called transfer chamber 9 is formed between the rim 7 and the wall element 4 and communicates with the chamber 8 via the passage 10 and with the mask 6 through the openings 5 .
- the wall elements 3 and 4 provide support for a guide rod 12 which passes through the passage 10 while being located, in the illustrated embodiment, concentrically with the body 2 .
- the guide rod 12 supports, in the chamber 8 , a valve 13 which, in the example illustrated, is mounted to slide freely and is elastically controlled in the closed position of the passage 10 .
- the elastic servo-constraint is provided by a helical spring 14 threaded concentrically with the rod and placed under compressive stress between the valve 13 and a stop 15 , so that the valve tends to be always applied against the rim 7 to close the passage 10 .
- the valve 13 is constituted by a disc made of a material of low density, of small thickness, threaded free to slide on the rod 12 and which may include tabs 16 extending radially to from the periphery 17 of the valve 13 .
- the actual effective diameter of the valve 13 determined by the periphery 17 , is in all cases just greater than the section of the passage 10 .
- the stop 15 adjustable axially on the rod 12 which can, for this purpose, include a threaded end portion 18 by which it can also be mounted in the transverse wall element 3 .
- the stop 15 can also be fixed on the rod 12 which can then be made axially adjustable relative to the wall element 3 by means of a suitable end portion 19 and a locking means 20 such as a counter nut screwed onto the threaded part 18 .
- the exhalation valve 13 is provided with transfer holes 21 which can be circular and evenly distributed and which, in all cases, are circumscribed by an immaterial circle C whose diameter is less than the section of the passage 10 .
- the guide rod 12 comprises, on the side of the transfer chamber 9 , a so-called inspiration valve 22 which is constituted by a disk of low density material which is mounted to slide freely on the rod 12 .
- the valve 22 has an outside diameter greater than the circle C , but less than the diameter of the passage 10 in which it can engage under the action of an elastic pre-stress member 23 acting on the valve 22 to tend to push it. still pressing against the exhalation valve 13 in a position for closing the holes 21 .
- the elastic servo-constraint exerted by the member 23 is, in all cases, less than that exerted by the member 14 .
- the member 23 is constituted by a helical spring threaded on the part of the rod 12 passing through the chamber 9 between the valve 22 and a stop advantageously constituted by the transverse wall element 4 .
- the diameter of the valve 22 in all cases greater than the diameter C , is chosen to allow to remain with respect to the passage 10 an annular gap 24 whose function appears in the following.
- valve 22 can be subjected to an adjustable elastic servo-constraint by means which can be formed by a stop mounted for example with adjustable position on the guide rod 12 provided that it does not hamper free sliding. axial useful through element 4 .
- the spring 14 applies the valve 13 against the flange 7 to close the passage 10 , the holes 21 then being closed by the valve 22 .
- valve 13 is urged to move against the action of the elastic member 14 to open the passage 10 and allow the reverse flow of the exhaled gases which escape after transfer to the medium ambient through chamber 8 and lights 11 .
- the elastic servo-constraint imposed on the valve 13 makes it possible to generate or create a back pressure on expiration which is favorable to the establishment of good ventilation and higher oxygenation rate than natural breathing.
- the adjustment of the back pressure is carried out by means of the stop 15 and allows any adaptation as a function of the selected application which may be the fight against hypoxia in the healthy subject placed in an altitude environment, improvement of oxygenation in healthy subjects at sea level, respiratory resuscitation of subjects with pathology at sea level, etc.
- the spring 23 may be provided to associate the spring 23 with means for adjusting its elastic servo-constraint which, in all cases, antagonistic to that of the spring 14 , must be located at a level lower than this.
- An application can for example be that of respiratory functional rehabilitation.
- the modulating cartridge can be produced easily by molding in a plastic material chosen for its characteristics of resistance to significant variations in temperature, to shocks, to aging.
- a cartridge can be produced in the form of a compact module which can be easily sterilized, dismantled, cleaned, reconditioned, if necessary, in particular by the dismantling of the elements of transverse walls 3 and 4 .
- the cartridge also constitutes a module having the effect, in particular when used in a low temperature environment, cause warming of the gases during the transition and transfer period and, by therefore, improve the oxygenation characteristics at the alveoli pulmonary.
Description
La présente invention est relative au domaine du contrôle respiratoire chez les sujets atteints ou sensibles ou exposés à l'hypoxie.The present invention relates to the field of respiratory control in subjects affected or sensitive or exposed to hypoxia.
Bien que le domaine de l'invention soit l'ensemble des problèmes que pose l'hypoxie, la cartouche modulatrice est plus particulièrement destinée aux sujets sensibles à un environnement d'altitude et, pour lesquels il est important, voire absolument nécessaire de restaurer ou d'améliorer les performances physiques, de prévenir l'apparition des symptômes du mal de l'altitude tel notamment que celui connu sous le nom de mal aigu des montagnes, voire de traiter les complications en première urgence qu'un tel symptôme induit.Although the field of the invention is all of the problems that arise hypoxia, the modulating cartridge is more particularly intended for sensitive subjects to an altitude environment and, for which it is important, if not absolutely necessary to restore or improve physical performance, to prevent the occurrence symptoms of altitude sickness such as that known as altitude sickness acute mountains, or even treat complications in first aid such as induced symptom.
Dans le domaine ci-dessus, il peut être affirmé que la technique antérieure, sur la base des publications disponibles, n'offre pas de moyens efficaces pour combattre l'hypoxie chez les sujets sains, que présentant une pathologie au niveau de la mer.In the above field, it can be said that the prior art, on the base of available publications, does not offer effective means to combat hypoxia in healthy subjects, that presenting a pathology at sea level.
On connaít certes des manoeuvres respiratoires que le sujet est astreint a exécuter pour contrer une hypoventilation alvéolaire responsable des symptômes constatés.We certainly know of breathing maneuvers that the subject is required to perform to counter alveolar hypoventilation responsible for the symptoms observed.
De telles manoeuvres respiratoires peuvent être qualifiées de "respiration à lèvres fermées", d'inversion du rapport temps respiratoire-temps expiratoire, ou encore de ventilations hyperfréquentes.Such respiratory maneuvers can be described as "lip breathing closed ", inversion of the breathing time-expiration time ratio, or microwave ventilation.
Ces manoeuvres sont pénibles pour le sujet et s'avèrent, en réalité, être peu efficaces.These maneuvers are painful for the subject and prove, in reality, to be little effective.
Il existe des systèmes de ventilation adaptés qui peuvent être de ventilation assistée en réanimation. Ces systèmes sont alors uniquement réservés aux patients exigeant des soins intensifs.There are suitable ventilation systems that can be assisted ventilation in intensive care. These systems are then only reserved for patients requiring intensive care.
Il peut être considéré qu'il existe également un système dit de pression expiratoire positive constituée par un module se plaçant sur le versant expiratoire d'une valve respiratoire. Cette technique est peu souple d'utilisationn, peu flexible en réglages devant être apportés en fonction des sujets et/ou du domaine d'utilisation et surtout inadaptée à une utilisation en environnement d'altitude dans lequel il est nécessaire de pouvoir contrôler un réchauffement préalable des gaz inspirés pour limiter les pertes convectives respiratoires, ainsi qu'une humidification de ces gaz pour limiter la deshydratation liée à l'évaporation respiratoire.It can be considered that there is also a system called expiratory pressure positive constituted by a module placed on the expiratory side of a valve respiratory. This technique is not very flexible to use, not very flexible in front settings be brought according to the subjects and / or the field of use and especially unsuitable for use in an altitude environment in which it is necessary to be able control a preheating of the inspired gases to limit convective losses breathing, as well as humidification of these gases to limit dehydration linked to respiratory evaporation.
Le brevet US 4 428 392 décrit une cartouche de clapets pour masque respiratoire comprenant un corps adaptable sur un masque. Le corps délimite deux chambres successives communiquant par un passage, l'une des chambres étant en relation avec le milieu ambiant alors que l'autre est en relation avec le masque. Dans le passage, un clapet de surface inférieure à la section de passage permet l'inspiration de par sa mobilité élastique. Une troisième chambre permet l'expiration grâce à un clapet mobile et asservi élastiquement. Cette cartouche est cependant encombrante de par la présence de trois chambres et n'offre pas de possibilité d'utilisation souple.US Patent 4,428,392 describes a valve cartridge for a respiratory mask comprising a body adaptable to a mask. The body defines two rooms successive communicating by a passage, one of the rooms being in connection with the environment while the other is related to the mask. In the passage, a valve of lower surface to the passage section allows inspiration by its mobility elastic. A third chamber allows expiration thanks to a movable and controlled valve elastically. This cartridge is however bulky due to the presence of three rooms and does not offer the possibility of flexible use.
Le brevet DE 1 265 588 décrit une valve pour masque respiratoire contenant un clapet de fermeture de la valve ainsi qu'un soufflet maintenu sous pression par le gaz à respirer. Lors de l'inspiration le clapet est maintenu en position fermée par l'intermédiaire d'un ressort situé entre le clapet et le soufflet, obligeant ainsi l'utilisateur du masque à respirer le gaz contenu dans le soufflet et non l'air ambiant. Lors de l'expiration, une suppression est exercée sur le clapet libérant ainsi le gaz expirer. Cette cartouche présente cependant l'inconvénient d'être fragile et difficilement réglable.Patent DE 1 265 588 describes a valve for a respiratory mask containing a valve closing valve and a bellows maintained under pressure by the gas at breathe. During inspiration the valve is held in the closed position by a spring located between the valve and the bellows, thus forcing the user of the mask to breathe the gas contained in the bellows and not the ambient air. Upon expiration, a suppression is exerted on the valve thus releasing the gas exhale. This cartridge presents however the disadvantage of being fragile and difficult to adjust.
L'objet de l'invention est justement de combler la présente lacune à facettes multiples en proposant une cartouche modulatrice de pression présentant la particularité d'être aisément adaptable sur tous les masques respiratoires, d'être très facilement réglable, notamment en contre-pression d'expiration sans nécessiter de démontage long, fastidieux et délicat, d'être légère, d'être facile de fabrication et d'entretien et d'être résistante aux variations de température et de degré hygrométrique ainsi qu'au vieillissement dans le temps, notamment sous l'effet des rayons ultra-violets.The object of the invention is precisely to fill the present faceted gap multiple by offering a pressure modulating cartridge with the particularity to be easily adaptable on all respiratory masks, to be very easily adjustable, especially in exhalation back pressure without requiring long disassembly, tedious and delicate, to be light, to be easy to manufacture and maintain and to be resistant to variations in temperature and humidity, as well as aging over time, especially under the effect of ultraviolet rays.
Pour atteindre les objectifs ci-dessus, la cartouche modulatrice selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce queTo achieve the above objectives, the modulating cartridge according to the invention is characterized in that
Une tige-guide (12) portée par le corps (2) traverse le passage (10) et supporte
dans la première chambre (8) le clapet d'expiration (13) mobile,
Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below in reference to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting example, a form of realization of the object of the invention.
La fig. 1 est une coupe-élévation de la cartouche modulatrice conforme à l'invention.Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional elevation of the modulating cartridge in accordance with the invention.
La fig. 2 est une coupe transversale prise selon la ligne II-II de la fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a cross section taken along line II-II of FIG. 1.
Selon les dessins, la cartouche modulatrice, désignée dans son ensemble par
la référence 1, comprend un corps 2, de préférence, mais non exclusivement
cylindrique, réalisé en une matière légère, résistante aux chocs, aux variations de
température et aux rayons, notamment ultra-violets, de manière à disposer d'une
résistance certaine au vieillissement du temps. A titre d'exemple, une telle matière
est, de préférence, choisie parmi les matières plastiques et, plus particulièrement, se
trouve réalisée en polytétrafluoroéthylène.According to the drawings, the modulating cartridge, generally designated by the reference 1 , comprises a
Le corps 2 est fermé aux deux extrémités par des éléments de parois
transversales 3 et 4 qui peuvent être réalisés en une même matière et être adaptables
par vissage éventuellement associé à des joints d'étanchéité non représentés.The
L'élément de paroi transversale 3 est, de préférence, réalisé sous la forme d'un
couvercle à paroi pleine alors que l'élément de paroi transversale 4 peut être
constitué par un simple croisillon, démontable ou non, ou encore par un élément de
paroi vissable comme illustré aux dessins. Dans ce dernier cas, l'élément de paroi
possède des ouvertures 5 mettant en communication le volume interne du corps 2
avec un masque 6 sur lequel le corps est adapté au moyen d'une gorge 2a ou
analogue présentée par le corps 2 au voisinage de l'élément de paroi 4 The
Le corps 2 délimite intérieurement, notamment par l'intermédiaire d'un rebord
annulaire 7, deux chambres successives 8 et 9 communiquant entre elles par un
passage 10, par exemple circulaire délimité par le rebord 7.The
La chambre 8 dite d'inspiration-expiration est en relation avec le milieu
ambiant ou environnant par des lumières 11 qui sont, de préférence, pratiquées dans
la partie de la paroi périphérique du corps 2 correspondant à la chambre 8. Dans
certains cas, il pourrait être prévu également de ménager des lumières dans l'élément
de paroi transversale 3.The so-called inspiration-expiration chamber 8 is in relation to the ambient or surrounding environment by
La chambre 9 dite de transfert est ménagée entre le rebord 7 et l'élément de
paroi 4 et communique avec la chambre 8 par l'intermédiaire du passage 10 et avec
le masque 6 par les ouvertures 5.The so-called
Les éléments de parois 3 et 4 assurent le support d'une tige-guide 12 qui
traverse le passage 10 en étant située, dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré,
concentriquement au corps 2.The
La tige-guide 12 supporte, dans la chambre 8, un clapet 13 qui, dans l'exemple
illustré, est monté coulissant librement et asservi élastiquement en position de
fermeture du passage 10. Dans l'exemple illustré, la contrainte d'asservissement
élastique est assurée par un ressort hélicoídal 14 enfilé concentriquement à la tige et
mis sous contrainte de compression entre le clapet 13 et une butée 15, de telle
manière que le clapet ait tendance à être toujours appliqué contre le rebord 7 pour
fermer le passage 10. A cette fin, comme le montre la figure 2, le clapet 13 est
constitué par un disque en un matériau de faible masse volumique, de faible
épaisseur, enfilé libre de coulisser sur la tige 12 et pouvant comporter des pattes 16
s'étendant radialement à partir de la périphérie 17 du clapet 13. Le diamètre effectif
réel du clapet 13, déterminé par la périphérie 17, est dans tous les cas, juste
supérieur à la section du passage 10.The
Il est avantageux de rendre possible le réglage de la contraine d'asservissement
élastique du clapet 13 par modification de la précontrainte du ressort 14. A cette fin,
il peut être envisagé de rendre la butée 15 réglable axialement sur la tige 12 qui
peut, à cette fin, comporter une partie terminale filetée 18 par laquelle elle peut aussi
être montée dans l'élément de paroi transversale 3.It is advantageous to make it possible to adjust the elastic servo control constraint of the
La butée 15 peut aussi être fixe sur la tige 12 qui peut alors être rendue
réglable axialement par rapport à l'élément de paroi 3 au moyen d'une partie
terminale adaptée 19 et d'un moyen de blocage 20 tel qu'un contre-écrou vissé sur
la partie filetée 18.The
Il doit, bien entendu, être considéré que tous les moyens techniques équivalents pour assumer les mêmes fonctions peuvent être prévus et choisis en fonction des objectifs de facilité de manoeuvre, de résistance, etc. qu'ils peuvent présenter.It must, of course, be considered that all equivalent technical means to assume the same functions can be planned and chosen according to ease of maneuverability, resistance, etc. that they can present.
Le clapet d'expiration 13 est pourvu de trous de transfert 21 qui peuvent être
circulaires et régulièrement répartis et qui, dans tous les cas, sont circonscrits par
un cercle immatériel C dont le diamère est inférieur à la section du passage 10.The
La tige-guide 12 comporte, du côté de la chambre de transfert 9, un clapet 22
dit d'inspiration qui est constitué par un disque de matière de faible masse volumique
qui est monté libre de coulisser sur la tige 12. Le clapet 22 présente un diamètre
extérieur supérieur au cercle C, mais inférieur au diamètre du passage 10 dans lequel
il peut s'engager sous l'action d'un organe de pré-contrainte élastique 23 agissant sur
le clapet 22 pour tendre à le pousser toujours en appui contre le clapet d'expiration
13 dans une position de fermeture des trous 21.The
La contrainte d'asservissement élastique exercée par l'organe 23 est, dans tous
les cas, inférieure à celle exercée par l'organe 14. A titre d'exemple, l'organe 23 est
constitué par un ressort hélicoïdal enfilé sur la partie de la tige 12 traversant la
chambre 9 entre le clapet 22 et une butée avantageusement constituée par l'élément
de paroi transversale 4.The elastic servo-constraint exerted by the
Le diamètre du clapet 22, dans tous les cas supérieur au diamètre C, est choisi
pour laisser subsister par rapport au passage 10 un intervalle annulaire 24 dont la
fonction apparaít dans ce qui suit.The diameter of the
Il doit être considéré que le clapet 22 peut être soumis à une contrainte
d'asservissement élastique réglable par des moyens qui peuvent être formés par une
butée montée par exemple à position réglable sur la tige-guide 12 à condition de ne
pas entraver le libre coulissement axial utile à travers l'élément 4.It should be considered that the
Le fonctionnement de la cartouche modulatrice décrite ci-dessus est le suivant.The operation of the modulating cartridge described above is as follows.
Après adaptation sur le masque 6, le port de ce dernier par un sujet tend à soumettre la cartouche à des variations alternatives de pression par rapport au milieu environnant et par rapport au masque.After adaptation on the mask 6 , the wearing of the latter by a subject tends to subject the cartridge to alternative variations in pressure with respect to the surrounding medium and with respect to the mask.
En phase d'inspiration du sujet, le ressort 14 applique le clapet 13 contre le
rebord 7 pour fermer le passage 10, les trous 21 étant alors obturés par le clapet 22.In the subject's inspiration phase, the
Lorsque le sujet inspire, une dépression s'établit dans la chambre de transfert
9 et provoque le recul du clapet 22 contre l'action antagoniste du ressort 23. Le recul
du clapet 22 dégage les trous 21, de sorte que l'air du milieu environnant est alors
aspiré par les lumières 11 pour pénétrer dans la chambre 8 et s'engager à travers les
trous 21 pour traverser le passage 10, la chambre 9 et les ouvertures 5.When the subject breathes, a vacuum is established in the
Lorsqu'une telle phase d'inspiration cesse, le travail emmagasiné par le ressort
23 est restitué, de sorte que le clapet 22 est asservi élastiquement en position de
fermeture des trous 21 à l'intérieur du passage 10, tout en laissant subsister par
rapport à ce dernier, l'intervalle annulaire 24 When such an inspiration phase ceases, the work stored by the
Lorsque le sujet passe en phase d'expiration, la montée en pression qui s'établit
dans la chambre 9 est appliquée sur la partie du clapet d'expiration 13 exposée à
l'intervalle annulaire 24, mais le clapet 13 reste en position de fermeture tant que la
pression développée n'est pas de nature à surmonter la contrainte d'asservissement
élastique assurée par le ressort 14.When the subject goes into the expiration phase, the pressure build-up which is established in the
Dès que cette pression dans la chambre 9 devient supérieure, le clapet 13 est
sollicité en déplacement contre l'action de l'organe élastique 14 pour ouvrir le
passage 10 et permettre le flux inverse des gaz expirés qui s'échappent après
transfert vers le milieu ambiant par l'intermédiaire de la chambre 8 et des lumières
11.As soon as this pressure in the
Ainsi que cela ressort du fonctionnement qui précède, la contrainte
d'asservissement élastique imposée au clapet 13 permet d'engendrer ou de créer une
contre-pression à l'expiration qui est favorable à l'établissement d'une bonne
ventilation et d'un taux d'oxygénation supérieure à une respiration de type naturel.As is apparent from the foregoing operation, the elastic servo-constraint imposed on the
Le réglage de la contre-pression s'effectue par l'intermédiaire de la butée 15
et permet toute adaptation en fonction de l'application retenue qui peut être la lutte
contre l'hypoxie chez le sujet sain placé dans un environnement d'altitude,
l'amélioration de l'oxygénation chez le sujet sain au niveau de la mer, la réanimation
respiratoire des sujets présentant une pathologie au niveau de la mer, etc.The adjustment of the back pressure is carried out by means of the
Comme dit précédemment, dans certaines applications, il peut être prévu
d'associer le ressort 23 à des moyens de réglage de sa contrainte d'asservissement
élastique qui, dans tous les cas, antagoniste à celle du ressort 14, doit être située à
un niveau inférieur à celle-ci. Une application peut par exemple être celle de
rééducation fonctionnelle respiratoire.As said previously, in certain applications, it may be provided to associate the
Ainsi que cela ressort de ce qui précède, la cartouche modulatrice peut être
réalisée facilement par moulage en une matière plastique choisie pour ses
caractéristiques de résistance aux variations importantes de température, aux chocs,
au vieillissement. Une telle cartouche peut être réalisée sous la forme d'un module
de faible encombrement qui peut être aisément stérilisé, démonté, nettoyé, remis en
état, le cas échéant, notamment par la démontabilité des éléments de parois
transversales 3 et 4.As is apparent from the above, the modulating cartridge can be produced easily by molding in a plastic material chosen for its characteristics of resistance to significant variations in temperature, to shocks, to aging. Such a cartridge can be produced in the form of a compact module which can be easily sterilized, dismantled, cleaned, reconditioned, if necessary, in particular by the dismantling of the elements of
Le fait de réaliser le corps 2 pour délimiter deux chambres 8 et 9 qui sont
ventilées par les flux alternés d'inspiration et d'expiration, permet de maintenir
intérieurement une température entretenue par de tels flux et capable de s'opposer
aux risques de gel interne à très basse température et susceptible d'immobiliser, en
une position quelconque inappropriée, l'un et/ou l'autre des clapets 13 et 22.The fact of making the
La cartouche constitue, par ailleurs, un module ayant pour effet, notamment dans le cas d'utilisation dans un environnement à faible température, de provoquer un réchauffement des gaz pendant la période de transition et de transfert et, par conséquent, d'améliorer les caractéristiques d'oxygénation au niveau des alvéoles pulmonaires.The cartridge also constitutes a module having the effect, in particular when used in a low temperature environment, cause warming of the gases during the transition and transfer period and, by therefore, improve the oxygenation characteristics at the alveoli pulmonary.
L'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple décrit et représenté, car diverses
modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre. Il doit en ce sens
notamment être considéré que les clapets mobiles et élastiquement asservis 13 et 22
peuvent être montés basculants ou pivotants plutôt que coulissants.The invention is not limited to the example described and shown, since various modifications can be made thereto without departing from its scope. In this sense, it must in particular be considered that the movable and elastically controlled
Claims (12)
- A modulating cartridge for modulating back pressure for a breathing mask, the cartridge being of the type comprising a body that can be fitted to a mask (6) and that delimits two successive chambers (8) and (9) that communicate with each other via a passageway (10), the first chamber (8) being connected to the surrounding environment and containing a moving exhaling valve member (13) biased resiliently into the closure position in which the passageway is closed, and being provided with transfer holes (21), the second chamber (9) being connected to the mask and containing a moving inhaling valve member (22) biased resiliently and of area less than the cross-sectional area of the passageway, said cartridge being characterized in that:a guide rod (12) carried by the body (2) passes through the passageway (10) and supports the moving exhaling valve member (13) in the first chamber (8);the transfer holes (21) are situated facing said passageway (10); andthe moving inhaling valve member (22) is resiliently biased to oppose the biasing of the exhaling valve member (13) so as to take up a closure position in which the transfer holes (21) in said valve member (13) are closed.
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the resilient biasing stress on the exhaling valve member is greater than that on the inhaling valve member.
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the resilient biasing stress of at least the exhaling valve member is adjustable.
- A modulating cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the valve members are mounted to slide on the guide rod, and in that the biasing stress on the valve members is provided by helical springs (14, 23) threaded onto the guide rod and concentrically therewith and put under compression stress between respective ones of the valve members and respective abutments (15, 4).
- A modulating cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the resilient biasing stress of the exhaling valve member can be adjusted by displacing the abutment (15).
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 5, characterized in that the abutment (15) is adjustable on the guide rod.
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 5, characterized in that the abutment is fixed on the guide rod which is adjustable axially relative to the body.
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide rod (12) is carried by transverse wall elements (3) and (4) on the body.
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the guide rod extends concentrically with the body.
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is provided with an annular internal flange (7) defining the passageway (10) and constituting an abutment for the exhaling valve member (13) as subjected to its resilient biasing stress.
- A modulating cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve member (22) has a diameter greater than the diameter (C) within which the transfer holes (21) of the valve member (13) lie.
- A cartridge according to claim 1 and/or claim 11, characterized in that the valve member (22) has a diameter less than the diameter of the passageway with which it delimits an annular gap (24) to which the valve member (13) is exposed in the closed state.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9512919A FR2740691B1 (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1995-11-02 | MODULATOR BACK PRESSURE CARTRIDGE FOR RESPIRATORY MASK |
| FR9512919 | 1995-11-02 | ||
| US08/854,143 US5937857A (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-09 | Backpressure-modulating cartridge for breathing mask |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0771578A1 EP0771578A1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| EP0771578B1 true EP0771578B1 (en) | 2001-01-10 |
Family
ID=26232298
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96402315A Expired - Lifetime EP0771578B1 (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1996-10-31 | Backpressure modulating cartridge for a respiratory mask |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5937857A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0771578B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69611504T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0771578T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2740691B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19734022C2 (en) * | 1997-08-06 | 2000-06-21 | Pari Gmbh | Inhalation therapy device with a valve to limit the flow of inspiration |
| US6193751B1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2001-02-27 | Mark I. Singer | Tracheostoma valve with spring-loaded piston |
| AU2001275974A1 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-01-30 | University Of Florida | Method for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder |
| DE10126807C2 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-12-04 | Pari Gmbh | Inhalation therapy device with a valve to limit the flow of inspiration |
| US7909033B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2011-03-22 | Comedica Incorporated | Breathing treatment apparatus |
| US8051854B2 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2011-11-08 | Comedica Incorporated | Continuous high-frequency oscillation breathing treatment apparatus |
| US9050434B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2015-06-09 | Comedica Incorporated | Lung therapy device |
| US8251876B2 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2012-08-28 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Breathing exercise apparatus |
| US9151425B2 (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2015-10-06 | Comedica Incorporated | Multiple conduit connector apparatus and method |
| US9180271B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2015-11-10 | Hill-Rom Services Pte. Ltd. | Respiratory therapy device having standard and oscillatory PEP with nebulizer |
| US9795752B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2017-10-24 | Mhs Care-Innovation, Llc | Combination respiratory therapy device, system, and method |
| US11052268B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2021-07-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Respirator negative pressure fit check devices and methods |
| US9950202B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2018-04-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Respirator negative pressure fit check devices and methods |
| US9517367B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2016-12-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Respiratory mask having a clean air inlet chamber |
| CN111603643B (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2023-05-23 | 希尔－罗姆服务私人有限公司 | Pressure control of breathing apparatus |
| FR3046937B1 (en) | 2016-01-25 | 2019-08-09 | Universite Grenoble Alpes | ALTITUDE ACCLIMATING DEVICE AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME. |
| USD842982S1 (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2019-03-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hardhat suspension adapter for half facepiece respirators |
| USD827810S1 (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2018-09-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hardhat suspension adapter for half facepiece respirators |
| USD816209S1 (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2018-04-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Respirator inlet port connection seal |
| AU2017240444B2 (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2019-10-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multiple chamber respirator sealing devices and methods |
| CN108883322B (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2021-09-14 | 3M创新有限公司 | Respirator fit check seal apparatus and method |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1265588B (en) * | 1962-03-23 | 1968-04-04 | Edouard Paul Victor Raoul Gode | Exhalation valve for breathing masks, especially for high-altitude breathing apparatus |
| US3256898A (en) * | 1962-07-17 | 1966-06-21 | British Executive And General | Compensated expiratory valves |
| US3788313A (en) * | 1966-11-29 | 1974-01-29 | L Arp | Respirator apparatus |
| US4428392A (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1984-01-31 | Protection, Inc. | Breathing valve |
| US4625759A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1986-12-02 | Alan R. Krasberg | Gas reclaim back pressure regulator |
| US5222479A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1993-06-29 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh | Oxygen self-rescuer apparatus |
| DE3615664A1 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-11-13 | Krieger, Friedrich-Wilhelm, 8240 Berchtesgaden | Device for artificial ventilation via an ABC protective mask |
| GB8800846D0 (en) * | 1988-01-14 | 1988-02-17 | Changestart Ltd | Exhalation valve |
| US5071453A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-12-10 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Oxygen concentrator with pressure booster and oxygen concentration monitoring |
| US5165398A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1992-11-24 | Bird F M | Ventilator and oscillator for use therewith and method |
| US5385141A (en) * | 1992-04-16 | 1995-01-31 | Siebe North, Inc. | Speech diaphragm and exhalation valve |
| DE4237294C1 (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1993-11-25 | Draegerwerk Ag | Breathing mask with positive pressure inside the mask |
| US5813401A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-09-29 | Radcliff; Janet H. | Nebulizer automatic control valve |
| US5845637A (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-12-08 | Tech-One, Inc. | Surface breathing device |
-
1995
- 1995-11-02 FR FR9512919A patent/FR2740691B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-31 EP EP96402315A patent/EP0771578B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-31 DK DK96402315T patent/DK0771578T3/en active
- 1996-10-31 DE DE69611504T patent/DE69611504T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-05-09 US US08/854,143 patent/US5937857A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2740691A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
| DE69611504T2 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| DK0771578T3 (en) | 2001-04-30 |
| FR2740691B1 (en) | 1998-01-09 |
| US5937857A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
| EP0771578A1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| DE69611504D1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
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