EP0091843B1 - Connector for a breathing apparatus, linking the mask to a gas-cylinder - Google Patents

Connector for a breathing apparatus, linking the mask to a gas-cylinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0091843B1
EP0091843B1 EP83400542A EP83400542A EP0091843B1 EP 0091843 B1 EP0091843 B1 EP 0091843B1 EP 83400542 A EP83400542 A EP 83400542A EP 83400542 A EP83400542 A EP 83400542A EP 0091843 B1 EP0091843 B1 EP 0091843B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flap
mask
connector
sensor
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400542A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0091843A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Biard
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Fenzy SAS
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Fenzy SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fenzy SAS filed Critical Fenzy SAS
Publication of EP0091843A1 publication Critical patent/EP0091843A1/en
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Publication of EP0091843B1 publication Critical patent/EP0091843B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A62B9/022—Breathing demand regulators
    • A62B9/025—Breathing demand regulators with tilting opening action
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10S137/908—Respirator control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7762—Fluid pressure type
    • Y10T137/7764—Choked or throttled pressure type
    • Y10T137/7766—Choked passage through main valve head

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mountable and dismountable connection nozzle for insulating breathing apparatuses in open circuit, belonging to the device for connecting the mask to a bottle of pressurized breathing gas.
  • connection end piece that can be mounted and dismounted on the snout of a respiratory mask, said end piece having an interior chamber adapted to communicate with the mask in the mounting position, a connection pipe to a source of pressurized respiratory gas, a valve for enabling or preventing the flow of gas under pressure, a pressure gauge sensitive to the relative pressure prevailing inside the chamber and means for controlling said valve by pressure gauge.
  • connection devices include one or two stage regulators, and, in the case of two stage regulators, the second is fixed to the mask. This second stage is then integrated into a connection endpiece which is either fixed on the snout of the mask, or more generally mountable and dismountable on it.
  • the operation is provided under overpressure, so as to avoid the introduction of toxic gas inside the mask.
  • connection devices have been designed which allow manual action to pass first through an operating phase under vacuum, then through the operating phase under overpressure.
  • the end piece comprises a pressure gauge membrane connected to a breathing gas inlet valve by means of a servo means having the form of a rod pivoting about an axis and transmitting the movement of the membrane to the valve.
  • Mechanical means for blocking the valve is provided in the form of a cam acting on a spring, which comes to bear on the rod at the opposite end of the valve. It is thus possible, when the mask is not used, to block the valve which would otherwise be open if it is desired to obtain an operation of the mask under overpressure.
  • Document GB-A-2 060 402 describes a similar system also comprising an external control means blocking, in a closed position, the respiratory gas supply valve.
  • This possibility is very dangerous and rightly sometimes forbidden, because it does not guarantee against false maneuvers causing the setting in depression position during the intervention period of the user in the dangerous zone.
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the tip according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a free or depressed probe according to whether the tip is disassembled or mounted on the mark, this probe cooperating with means modifying the operating regime acting on the means of servo-control, so that, in a first position in which the feeler is free, the modifying means are adapted to establish an operating regime in depression in which, at rest, the pressure on either side of the manometric means is identical and the valve is closed, a vacuum on the face of the manometric means in communication with the chamber allowing the valve to open and in a second position in which the probe is depressed, the modifying means are adapted to establish an operating regime in overpressure in which, at rest, the pressure on the face of the manometric means in communication with the chamber is greater than the pressure on the opposite face and the valve is closed, l modifying means comprising in particular an elastic means on which the feeler acts directly or indirectly when it is pressed in by placing the end piece on the snout, said elastic means cooperating with the valve, the overpressure formed by
  • the endpiece has a device which makes it possible to be automatically in depression when it is not connected to the mask and in overpressure from the connection, makes it possible to avoid all the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the end piece 1 which can be mounted and dismounted on the snout 3 of a respiratory mask, comprises an interior chamber 11 adapted to communicate with the mask in the mounting position, a connection tube 12 to a gas source pressure breathing (not shown), a valve 13 to allow or prevent the flow of gas under pressure, a pressure gauge 14 sensitive to the pressure relative to the interior of the chamber 11, and means for controlling the valve 13 to the pressure gauge.
  • these control means consist of a lever 15 slightly inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the valve 13 and fixed to it, and a rod 16 fixed to the membrane 14 and standing in the chamber 11 perpendicular to this membrane, the lever 15 and the rod 16 being secured so that a depression in the chamber 11 causes the valve 13 to move away from its seat 131 despite the action of a return spring 132, at least in a region of the contact surface between these two members 13, 131.
  • the end piece 1 comprises a probe 17 protruding outside the chamber 11 and movable in translation between a "free” rest position which it occupies when the end piece is not connected to the snout 3, and a "pushed in” position when the tip is connected to the snout;
  • this probe 17 is associated with the control means by means of modifiers of the operating regime, which are adapted to establish an operating regime in depression or in overpressure depending on whether the probe 17 is respectively in the free or depressed position.
  • the modifying means comprise a bent spring 18, with two branches, consisting of a metal wire of the piano string type, mounted pivoting around a central axis 181 carried by a plate 19 passing through the chamber 11 substantially parallel to the position occupied by the lever 15 when the valve 13 is applied to its seat.
  • the spring 18 is positioned in such a way that, on the one hand, one of its branches is close to the end of the probe opposite that which protrudes from the chamber, when it is in the "free” position, and that the other branch is then close to the lever 15 for actuating the valve, and on the other hand that the first branch is pushed by the end of the probe into the "depressed” position, the second branch then pushing the lever 15 laterally to move the valve away from its seat on part of the contact surface of these two bodies.
  • the plate 19 can also carry abutment members to limit the travel of the first branch of the spring 18 during its tilting around the pivot axis 181 under the action of the feeler 17; it is, of course, provided with an opening 191 for the passage of the rod 16 and possibly for a distribution of the pressures on both sides, this distribution being able to be ensured by the fact that the opening 191 has a substantially cross section greater than that of the rod 16, or / and by additional openings (not shown in Figures 1 and 2).
  • the plate 19 also comprises, in the region of the pressure distribution opening, a deflecting tab 192 intended to channel the air leaving the valve and to cause a Venturi effect to temporarily create a depression near the membrane 14 when this is necessary, as will be seen later.
  • the end piece 1 also includes a direct passage pusher 21 provided for manually actuating the membrane 14 and consequently the control means 15, 16 in the direction of opening of the valve 13 if necessary.
  • the probe 17 is mounted movable in translation in a support barrel 22 intended to penetrate into a receptacle piece 31 provided in the snout 3 of the mask, more specifically inside a fixing ring 32.
  • the receptacle 31 comprises a front abutment shoulder 311 intended, when the tip is mounted on the snout, to cause the depression of the probe 17; to seal the connection, an O-ring 312 is provided inside the receptacle 31.
  • an interlocking member 23 constituted in the form of an elastic collar with levers provided with an external peripheral lip 231 intended to be housed in an annular groove 313 produced in the receptacle 31 to maintain in position mounting by fitting the nozzle 1 in the snout 3 of the mask.
  • the valve 13 is kept applied against its seat by the spring 132 and the overpressure in the connection tube 12, and the end piece does not deliver respiratory gas. Only a vacuum in the chamber 11, or an action on the direct passage pusher 21, causes the lever 15 to tilt and, consequently, the valve 13 to open, the spring 18 being out of contact with the lever 15 because the probe 17 is in the free position. It is therefore an operating system in depression.
  • the feeler 17 goes into the depressed position, and causes the spring 18 which actuates the lever 15 to tilt, which causes the valve 13 to open; the action of the spring 18 is then compensated by the overpressure which is exerted on the membrane 14, which closes the valve 13, which does not open again until the overpressure tends to decrease during an inspiration.
  • the structure and arrangement of the nozzle allow that, during a violent inspiration of the user, there exists under the membrane a sufficient depression to maintain the opening of the valve 13 and, therefore, a very slight overpressure in the nozzle and in the mask, even preventing in this case the introduction of harmful ambient gas against which the respiratory system is intended to protect itself. There is therefore permanently operating at overpressure.
  • the nozzle can operate as a permanent vacuum valve, or as a screw-in valve, by simple modification of some of the parts making it up (the probe 17 in the first case, the member 'nesting 23 in the second).
  • the end piece 1 comprises a micro-regulator of a known type housed in a housing 10 the upper part of which has been shown torn off, comprising, in communication with the connection pipe 12 to the source of respiratory gas, a respiratory gas inlet channel whose external walls constitute the seat of a valve (not visible in FIGS. 3 to 5) produced in the form of a flexible diaphragm short-circuited by a nozzle calibrated; the surface of the diaphragm delimited by the intake channel on the side of this channel being smaller than on the other side, the diaphragm is therefore normally in abutment against its seat.
  • the side of the diaphragm opposite the intake channel defines a chamber where the calibrated nozzle opens; in this chamber, also opens a control nozzle 41 communicating on the one hand with a control chamber 42 and, on the other hand, with the outside by a channel 43;
  • this control chamber 42 comprises on one side the manometric control membrane 14, subjected on the side opposite to the control chamber 42 to the action of a return spring 45 placed in an internal control chamber 46 in communication with the inside of the mask snout; the manometric control diaphragm 44 is normally pushed by the return spring 45 so as to close off the control nozzle 41;
  • a communication tube 47 connects the space surrounding the intake channel, also inside the snout of the mask, all of the cavities in direct communication with the snout constituting the chamber 11.
  • the modifying return means of the operating regime also include a lever 51 bearing against a shoulder 52 produced on the outer wall of the control chamber 46, this lever being actuated at one of its ends by the feeler 17 and actuating at its other end, produced in the form of a fork, a slider 53 interposed between the return spring 45 and the additional spring 50, by means of a sliding rod 54 connecting the two branches of the fork and secured to this slider 53; in practical terms, the movement of the wandering rod is allowed by slides made in the walls of the chamber 46.
  • the return spring 45 and the additional spring 50 are placed in series between the pressure gauge 14 and the screw adjustment 48.
  • the cursor 53 When the probe 17 is free, the cursor 53 is subjected to the action of the two springs, and these exert on the manometric membrane 14 a fraction of the total force exerted, in proportion to their respective stiffness; when the probe 17 is pressed, the lever 51 compresses the additional spring 50, and the return spring 45 then acts practically alone against the movement of the pressure gauge membrane 14.
  • the two springs 45, 50 are in service and there is a vacuum operation
  • the additional spring 50 of the modifying return means of the speed of operation is practically put out of service, and only the return spring 45 acting directly on the control membrane is in service and there is an overpressure operation.
  • the endpiece may also include additional rings allowing the connection of the input of the micro-regulator to the mask, for example by screwing or fitting.

Description

La présente invention concerne un embout de raccordement montable et démontable pour appareils respiratoires isolants en circuit ouvert, appartenant au dispositif de raccordement du masque à une bouteille de gaz respiratoire sous pression.The present invention relates to a mountable and dismountable connection nozzle for insulating breathing apparatuses in open circuit, belonging to the device for connecting the mask to a bottle of pressurized breathing gas.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement un embout de raccordement montable et démontable sur le groin d'un masque respiratoire, ledit embout ayant une chambre intérieure adaptée à communiquer avec le masque en position de montage, une tubulure de raccordement à une source de gaz respiratoire sous pression, un clapet pour permettre ou interdire le débit de gaz sous pression, un moyen manométrique sensible à la pression relative régnant à l'intérieur de la chambre et des moyens d'asservissement dudit clapet au moyen manométrique.It relates more particularly to a connection end piece that can be mounted and dismounted on the snout of a respiratory mask, said end piece having an interior chamber adapted to communicate with the mask in the mounting position, a connection pipe to a source of pressurized respiratory gas, a valve for enabling or preventing the flow of gas under pressure, a pressure gauge sensitive to the relative pressure prevailing inside the chamber and means for controlling said valve by pressure gauge.

Les dispositifs de raccordement connus comportent des détendeurs à un ou deux étages, et, dans le cas des détendeurs à deux étages, le deuxième se fixe sur le masque. Ce deuxième étage est alors intégré à un embout de raccordement qui est, soit fixe sur le groin du masque, soit plus généralement montable et démontable sur lui.Known connection devices include one or two stage regulators, and, in the case of two stage regulators, the second is fixed to the mask. This second stage is then integrated into a connection endpiece which is either fixed on the snout of the mask, or more generally mountable and dismountable on it.

Dans la plupart des cas, le fonctionnement est prévu en surpression, de façon à éviter l'introduction de gaz toxique à l'intérieur du masque.In most cases, the operation is provided under overpressure, so as to avoid the introduction of toxic gas inside the mask.

Ce fonctionnement en surpression présente deux inconvénients:

  • - au moment de la mise en place du masque sur le visage, soit l'utilisateur place le masque et ouvre la bouteille, ce qui l'oblige à effectuer une apnée de quelques secondes, ce qui n'est pas toujours facile à réaliser, soit il ouvre la bouteille, et il pose le masque sur le visage, ce qui provoque une perte de gaz respiratoire pendant quelques secondes;
  • - après la mise en place du masque, il lui est impossible de vérifier l'étanchéité en bouchant avec la main l'entrée du masque et en inspirant.
This overpressure operation has two drawbacks:
  • - when the mask is put on the face, either the user places the mask and opens the bottle, which requires him to perform a freediving period of a few seconds, which is not always easy to do, either he opens the bottle, and he puts the mask on the face, which causes a loss of respiratory gas for a few seconds;
  • - after fitting the mask, it is impossible for him to check for leaks by blocking the mask inlet with his hand and inhaling.

En vue de remédier à ces inconvénients, on a conçu des dispositifs de raccordement permettant par action manuelle de passer d'abord par une phase de fonctionnement en dépression, puis à la phase de fonctionnement en surpression.In order to remedy these drawbacks, connection devices have been designed which allow manual action to pass first through an operating phase under vacuum, then through the operating phase under overpressure.

Un tel système est décrit dans le document DE-A-2 620 170. L'embout comporte une membrane manométrique reliée à un clapet d'admission de gaz respiratoire par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen d'asservissement ayant la forme d'une tige pivotant autour d'un axe et transmettant le mouvement de la membrane au clapet.Such a system is described in document DE-A-2 620 170. The end piece comprises a pressure gauge membrane connected to a breathing gas inlet valve by means of a servo means having the form of a rod pivoting about an axis and transmitting the movement of the membrane to the valve.

Un moyen mécanique de blocage du clapet est prévu sous forme d'une came agissant sur un ressort, qui vient s'appuyer sur la tige à l'extrémité opposée du clapet. On peut ainsi, lorsque le masque n'est pas utilisé, bloquer le clapet qui sans cela serait ouvert si l'on désire obtenir un fonctionnement du masque en surpression.Mechanical means for blocking the valve is provided in the form of a cam acting on a spring, which comes to bear on the rod at the opposite end of the valve. It is thus possible, when the mask is not used, to block the valve which would otherwise be open if it is desired to obtain an operation of the mask under overpressure.

Le document GB-A-2 060 402 décrit un système analogue comportant également un moyen de commande extérieur venant bloquer, dans une position de fermeture, le clapet d'alimentation en gaz respiratoire.Document GB-A-2 060 402 describes a similar system also comprising an external control means blocking, in a closed position, the respiratory gas supply valve.

Cette possibilité est très dangereuse et à juste titre parfois interdite, car elle ne garantit pas contre les fausses manoeuvres provoquant la mise en position de dépression pendant la période d'intervention de l'utilisateur dans la zone dangereuse.This possibility is very dangerous and rightly sometimes forbidden, because it does not guarantee against false maneuvers causing the setting in depression position during the intervention period of the user in the dangerous zone.

L'invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients.The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.

L'embout selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un palpeur libre ou enfoncé suivant que l'embout est démonté ou monté sur le marque, ce palpeur coopérant avec des moyens modificateurs du régime de fonctionnement agissant sur les moyens d'asservissement, de sorte que, dans une première position dans laquelle le palpeur est libre, les moyens modificateurs sont adaptés à établir un régime de fonctionnement en dépression dans lequel, au repos, la pression de part et d'autre du moyen manométrique est identique et le clapet est fermé, une dépression sur la face du moyen manométrique en communication avec la chambre permettant l'ouverture du clapet et dans une seconde position dans laquelle le palpeur est enfoncé, les moyens modificateurs sont adaptés à établir un régime de fonctionnement en surpression dans lequel, au repos, la pression sur la face du moyen manométrique en communication avec la chambre est supérieure à la pression sur la face opposée et le clapet est fermé, les moyens modificateurs comportant notamment un moyen élastique sur lequel agit directement ou indirectement le palpeur lorsqu'il est enfoncé par la mise en place de l'embout sur le groin, ledit moyen élastique coopérant avec le clapet, la surpression formée par l'introduction de gaz sous pression agissant sur la face du moyen manométrique en communication avec la chambre pour fermer le clapet et aboutir au régime de repos en surpression, une diminution de pression sur la face en communication avec la chambre permettant l'ouverture du clapet.The tip according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a free or depressed probe according to whether the tip is disassembled or mounted on the mark, this probe cooperating with means modifying the operating regime acting on the means of servo-control, so that, in a first position in which the feeler is free, the modifying means are adapted to establish an operating regime in depression in which, at rest, the pressure on either side of the manometric means is identical and the valve is closed, a vacuum on the face of the manometric means in communication with the chamber allowing the valve to open and in a second position in which the probe is depressed, the modifying means are adapted to establish an operating regime in overpressure in which, at rest, the pressure on the face of the manometric means in communication with the chamber is greater than the pressure on the opposite face and the valve is closed, l modifying means comprising in particular an elastic means on which the feeler acts directly or indirectly when it is pressed in by placing the end piece on the snout, said elastic means cooperating with the valve, the overpressure formed by the introduction of gas under pressure acting on the face of the manometric means in communication with the chamber in order to close the valve and result in the resting regime under overpressure, a reduction in pressure on the face in communication with the chamber allowing the valve to open.

Le fait que l'embout possède un dispositif permettant d'être automatiquement en dépression quand il n'est pas branché sur le masque et en surpression dès le branchement, permet d'éviter tous les inconvénients mentionnés plus haut.The fact that the endpiece has a device which makes it possible to be automatically in depression when it is not connected to the mask and in overpressure from the connection, makes it possible to avoid all the drawbacks mentioned above.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre correspondant à une forme de réalisation donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représentée sur les dessins ci-joints dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une section schématique d'une première forme de réalisation d'un embout selon l'invention et du groin d'un masque auquel cet embout est destiné à être monté, en position séparée;
  • - la figure 2 est une section schématique des mêmes organes lorsque l'embout est monté;
  • - la figure 3 est une section partielle schématique d'une seconde forme de réalisation d'un embout selon l'invention lorsqu'il est séparé du groin d'un masque auquel il est destiné à être adapté;
  • - la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de palpeur et de moyens de renvoi modificateurs du régime de fonctionnement équipant l'embout de la figure 3, et
  • - la figure 5 est une section schématique de l'embout de la figure 3 lorsqu'il est monté au masque.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will also emerge from the description which follows, corresponding to an embodiment given by way of nonlimiting example and represented in the attached drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic section of a first embodiment of a tip according to the invention and the snout of a mask to which this tip is intended to be mounted, in a separate position;
  • - Figure 2 is a schematic section of the same members when the nozzle is mounted;
  • - Figure 3 is a schematic partial section of a second embodiment of a nozzle according to the invention when it is separated from the snout of a mask to which it is intended to be adapted;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a feeler device and of means for modifying the operating regime fitted to the nozzle of FIG. 3, and
  • - Figure 5 is a schematic section of the tip of Figure 3 when mounted on the mask.

D'une manière générale, l'embout 1, montable et démontable sur le groin 3 d'un masque respiratoire, comporte une chambre intérieure 11 adaptée à communiquer avec le masque en position de montage, une tubulure de raccordement 12 à une source de gaz respiratoire sous pression (non représentée), un clapet 13 pour permettre ou interdire le débit de gaz sous pression, une membrane manométrique 14 sensible à la pression relative à l'intérieur de la chambre 11, et des moyens d'asservissement du clapet 13 à la membrane manométrique.In general, the end piece 1, which can be mounted and dismounted on the snout 3 of a respiratory mask, comprises an interior chamber 11 adapted to communicate with the mask in the mounting position, a connection tube 12 to a gas source pressure breathing (not shown), a valve 13 to allow or prevent the flow of gas under pressure, a pressure gauge 14 sensitive to the pressure relative to the interior of the chamber 11, and means for controlling the valve 13 to the pressure gauge.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée sur les figures 1 et 2, ces moyens d'asservissement sont constitués d'un levier 15 légèrement incliné par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du clapet 13 et fixé à celui-ci, et d'une tige 16 fixée à la membrane 14 et se dressant dans la chambre 11 perpendiculairement à cette membrane, le levier 15 et la tige 16 étant solidarisés de telle sorte qu'une dépression dans la chambre 11 provoque l'éloignement du clapet 13 par rapport à son siège 131 malgré l'action d'un ressort de rappel 132, au moins dans une région de la surface de contact entre ces deux organes 13, 131.In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, these control means consist of a lever 15 slightly inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the valve 13 and fixed to it, and a rod 16 fixed to the membrane 14 and standing in the chamber 11 perpendicular to this membrane, the lever 15 and the rod 16 being secured so that a depression in the chamber 11 causes the valve 13 to move away from its seat 131 despite the action of a return spring 132, at least in a region of the contact surface between these two members 13, 131.

Selon l'invention, l'embout 1 comporte un palpeur 17 proéminent au dehors de la chambre 11 et mobile en translation entre une position de repos «libre» qu'il occupe lorsque l'embout n'est pas raccordé au groin 3, et une position «enfoncée» lorsque l'embout est raccordé au groin; ce palpeur 17 est associé aux moyens d'asservissement par l'intermédiaire de moyens modificateurs du régime de fonctionnement, lesquels sont adaptés à établir un régime de fonctionnement en dépression ou en surpression selon que le palpeur 17 est respectivement en position libre ou enfoncée.According to the invention, the end piece 1 comprises a probe 17 protruding outside the chamber 11 and movable in translation between a "free" rest position which it occupies when the end piece is not connected to the snout 3, and a "pushed in" position when the tip is connected to the snout; this probe 17 is associated with the control means by means of modifiers of the operating regime, which are adapted to establish an operating regime in depression or in overpressure depending on whether the probe 17 is respectively in the free or depressed position.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée sur les figures 1 et 2, les moyens modificateurs comportent un ressort 18 coudé, à deux branches, constitué d'un fil métallique du genre corde à piano, monté pivotant autour d'un axe central 181 porté par une plaque 19 traversant la chambre 11 sensiblement parallèle à la position qu'occupe le levier 15 lorsque le clapet 13 est appliqué sur son siège. Le ressort 18 est positionné de telle sorte, d'une part que l'une de ses branches soit à proximité de l'extrémité du palpeur opposée à celle en proéminence de la chambre, lorsqu'il est en position «libre», et que l'autre branche soit alors à proximité du levier 15 d'actionnement du clapet, et d'autre part que la première branche soit poussée par l'extrémité du palpeur en position «enfoncée», la seconde branche poussant alors latéralement le levier 15 pour éloigner le clapet de son siège sur une partie de la surface de contact de ces deux organes. La plaque 19 peut porter également des organes du butée pour limiter la course de la première branche du ressort 18 lors de son basculement autour de l'axe de pivotement 181 sous l'action du palpeur 17; elle est, bien entendu, munie d'une ouverture 191 pour le passage de la tige 16 et éventuellement pour une répartition des pressions de part et d'autre, cette répartition pouvant être assurée par le fait que l'ouverture 191 a une section sensiblement supérieure à celle de la tige 16, ou/et par des ouvertures supplémentaires (non représentées sur les figures 1 et 2). La plaque 19 comporte également, dans la région de l'ouverture de répartition des pressions, une languette déflectrice 192 destinée à canaliser l'air sortant du clapet et à provoquer un effet Venturi pour créer momentanément une dépression à proximité de la membrane 14 lorsque cela est nécessaire, comme cela sera vu plus loin.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the modifying means comprise a bent spring 18, with two branches, consisting of a metal wire of the piano string type, mounted pivoting around a central axis 181 carried by a plate 19 passing through the chamber 11 substantially parallel to the position occupied by the lever 15 when the valve 13 is applied to its seat. The spring 18 is positioned in such a way that, on the one hand, one of its branches is close to the end of the probe opposite that which protrudes from the chamber, when it is in the "free" position, and that the other branch is then close to the lever 15 for actuating the valve, and on the other hand that the first branch is pushed by the end of the probe into the "depressed" position, the second branch then pushing the lever 15 laterally to move the valve away from its seat on part of the contact surface of these two bodies. The plate 19 can also carry abutment members to limit the travel of the first branch of the spring 18 during its tilting around the pivot axis 181 under the action of the feeler 17; it is, of course, provided with an opening 191 for the passage of the rod 16 and possibly for a distribution of the pressures on both sides, this distribution being able to be ensured by the fact that the opening 191 has a substantially cross section greater than that of the rod 16, or / and by additional openings (not shown in Figures 1 and 2). The plate 19 also comprises, in the region of the pressure distribution opening, a deflecting tab 192 intended to channel the air leaving the valve and to cause a Venturi effect to temporarily create a depression near the membrane 14 when this is necessary, as will be seen later.

L'embout 1 comporte également un poussoir de passage direct 21 prévu pour actionner manuellement la membrane 14 et en conséquence les moyens d'asservissement 15, 16 dans le sens de l'ouverture du clapet 13 si nécessaire.The end piece 1 also includes a direct passage pusher 21 provided for manually actuating the membrane 14 and consequently the control means 15, 16 in the direction of opening of the valve 13 if necessary.

Le palpeur 17 est monté mobile en translation dans un canon support 22 destiné à pénétrer dans une pièce réceptacle 31 prévue dans le groin 3 du masque, plus précisément à l'intérieur d'une bague de fixation 32. A cet effet, le réceptacle 31 comporte un épaulement de butée frontale 311 destiné, lorsque l'on monte l'embout sur le groin, à provoquer l'enfoncement du palpeur 17; en vue d'assurer l'étanchéité du branchement, un joint torique 312 est prévu à l'intérieur du réceptacle 31.The probe 17 is mounted movable in translation in a support barrel 22 intended to penetrate into a receptacle piece 31 provided in the snout 3 of the mask, more specifically inside a fixing ring 32. For this purpose, the receptacle 31 comprises a front abutment shoulder 311 intended, when the tip is mounted on the snout, to cause the depression of the probe 17; to seal the connection, an O-ring 312 is provided inside the receptacle 31.

Autour du canon 22, est monté un organe d'emboîtement 23 constitué sous la forme d'un collier élastique à leviers muni d'une lèvre périphérique extérieure 231 destinée à se loger dans une gorge annulaire 313 réalisée dans le réceptacle 31 pour maintenir en position de montage par emboîtement l'embout 1 dans le groin 3 du masque.Around the barrel 22 is mounted an interlocking member 23 constituted in the form of an elastic collar with levers provided with an external peripheral lip 231 intended to be housed in an annular groove 313 produced in the receptacle 31 to maintain in position mounting by fitting the nozzle 1 in the snout 3 of the mask.

Ainsi, lorsque l'embout 1 est libre, le clapet 13 est maintenu appliqué contre son siège par le ressort 132 et la surpression dans la tubulure de raccordement 12, et l'embout ne débite pas de gaz respiratoire. Seule une dépression dans la chambre 11, ou une action sur le poussoir de passage direct 21, provoque le basculement du levier 15 et, par conséquent, l'ouverture du clapet 13, le ressort 18 étant hors de contact du levier 15 du fait que le palpeur 17 est en position libre. C'est donc un régime de fonctionnement en dépression.Thus, when the end piece 1 is free, the valve 13 is kept applied against its seat by the spring 132 and the overpressure in the connection tube 12, and the end piece does not deliver respiratory gas. Only a vacuum in the chamber 11, or an action on the direct passage pusher 21, causes the lever 15 to tilt and, consequently, the valve 13 to open, the spring 18 being out of contact with the lever 15 because the probe 17 is in the free position. It is therefore an operating system in depression.

Lorsque l'on monte l'embout 1 sur le groin 3, le palpeur 17 passe en position enfoncée, et fait basculer le ressort 18 qui actionne le levier 15, ce qui provoque l'ouverture du clapet 13; l'action du ressort 18 est alors compensé par la surpression qui s'exerce sur la membrane 14, ce qui referme le clapet 13, qui ne s'ouvre à nouveau que lorsque la surpression a tendance à décroître lors d'une inspiration.When the end piece 1 is mounted on the snout 3, the feeler 17 goes into the depressed position, and causes the spring 18 which actuates the lever 15 to tilt, which causes the valve 13 to open; the action of the spring 18 is then compensated by the overpressure which is exerted on the membrane 14, which closes the valve 13, which does not open again until the overpressure tends to decrease during an inspiration.

La structure et l'agencement de l'embout permettent que, lors d'une inspiration violente de l'utilisateur, il existe sous la membrane une dépression suffisante pour maintenir l'ouverture du clapet 13 et, par conséquent, une très légère surpression dans l'embout et dans le masque, empêchant même dans ce cas l'introduction du gaz ambiant nocif contre lequel l'appareil respiratoire est destiné à se garantir. Il y a donc alors en permanence fonctionnement en surpression.The structure and arrangement of the nozzle allow that, during a violent inspiration of the user, there exists under the membrane a sufficient depression to maintain the opening of the valve 13 and, therefore, a very slight overpressure in the nozzle and in the mask, even preventing in this case the introduction of harmful ambient gas against which the respiratory system is intended to protect itself. There is therefore permanently operating at overpressure.

Lorsque l'on démonte l'embout 1 du groin 3; le palpeur revient en position libre, et le fonctionnement se fait à nouveau en régime de dépression.When the tip 1 of the snout 3 is dismantled; the probe returns to the free position, and the operation is again performed in vacuum mode.

Cependant, lorsque l'utilisateur le désire, l'embout peut fonctionner en soupape à dépression permanente, ou en soupape à visser, par simple modification de quelques-unes des pièces le composant (le palpeur 17 dans le premier cas, l'organe d'emboîtement 23 dans le second).However, when the user so desires, the nozzle can operate as a permanent vacuum valve, or as a screw-in valve, by simple modification of some of the parts making it up (the probe 17 in the first case, the member 'nesting 23 in the second).

Dans la forme de réalisation des figures 3 à 5, l'embout 1 comprend un micro-régulateur d'un type connu logé dans un boîtier 10 dont la partie supérieure a été représentée arrachée, comportant, en communication avec la tubulure de raccordement 12 à la source de gaz respiratoire, un canal d'admission de gaz respiratoire dont les parois extérieures constituent le siège d'un clapet (non visible sur les figures 3 à 5) réalisé sous la forme d'un diaphragme souple court-circuité par un gicleur calibré; la surface du diaphragme délimitée par le canal d'admission du côté de ce canal étant plus faible que de l'autre côté, le diaphragme est donc normalement en appui contre son siège. Dans ce type d'embout, le côté du diaphragme opposé au canal d'admission délimite une chambre où débouche le gicleur calibré; dans cette chambre, débouche également un gicleur d'asservissement 41 communiquant d'une part avec une chambre d'asservissement 42 et, d'autre part, avec l'extérieur par un canal 43; cette chambre d'asservissement 42 comporte d'un côté la membrane manométrique 14 de commande, soumise du côté opposé à la chambre d'asservissement 42 à l'action d'un ressort de rappel 45 placé dans une chambre intérieure de commande 46 en communication avec l'intérieur du groin du masque; la membrane manométrique 44 de commande est normalement poussée par le ressort de rappel 45 de manière à obturer le gicleur d'asservissement 41; une tubulure de communication 47 relie l'espace entourant le canal d'admission, également à l'intérieur du groin du masque, l'ensemble des cavités en communication directe avec le groin constituant la chambre 11. Ainsi, lorsque l'utilisateur inspire dans son masque, il crée une dépression au niveau de la membrane manométrique 14 de commande, laquelle dégage le gicleur d'asservissement 41; la pression dans la chambre en contact avec le clapet diminue, car le débit permis par le gicleur calibré est très inférieur à celui du gicleur d'asservissement 41; le diaphragme formant clapet s'éloigne donc de son siège, et le gaz respiratoire peut passer du canal d'admission à la tubulure de communication 47, donc de la bouteille de gaz respiratoire au masque. Le réglage de la surpression s'effectue par l'intermédiaire du ressort de rappel 45 et d'une vis de réglage 48, le ressort de rappel 45 s'appuyant au centre de la membrane manométrique 14 de commande. Un robinet de passage direct 49 peut être actionné par l'utilisateur pour court-circuiter le clapet.In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 5, the end piece 1 comprises a micro-regulator of a known type housed in a housing 10 the upper part of which has been shown torn off, comprising, in communication with the connection pipe 12 to the source of respiratory gas, a respiratory gas inlet channel whose external walls constitute the seat of a valve (not visible in FIGS. 3 to 5) produced in the form of a flexible diaphragm short-circuited by a nozzle calibrated; the surface of the diaphragm delimited by the intake channel on the side of this channel being smaller than on the other side, the diaphragm is therefore normally in abutment against its seat. In this type of nozzle, the side of the diaphragm opposite the intake channel defines a chamber where the calibrated nozzle opens; in this chamber, also opens a control nozzle 41 communicating on the one hand with a control chamber 42 and, on the other hand, with the outside by a channel 43; this control chamber 42 comprises on one side the manometric control membrane 14, subjected on the side opposite to the control chamber 42 to the action of a return spring 45 placed in an internal control chamber 46 in communication with the inside of the mask snout; the manometric control diaphragm 44 is normally pushed by the return spring 45 so as to close off the control nozzle 41; a communication tube 47 connects the space surrounding the intake channel, also inside the snout of the mask, all of the cavities in direct communication with the snout constituting the chamber 11. Thus, when the user breathes in its mask, it creates a vacuum at the pressure gauge membrane 14, which releases the servo nozzle 41; the pressure in the chamber in contact with the valve decreases, because the flow rate allowed by the calibrated nozzle is much lower than that of the control nozzle 41; the diaphragm forming a valve therefore moves away from its seat, and the respiratory gas can pass from the intake channel to the communication tube 47, therefore from the bottle of respiratory gas to the mask. The overpressure is adjusted by means of the return spring 45 and an adjustment screw 48, the return spring 45 resting at the center of the pressure gauge diaphragm 14. A direct passage valve 49 can be actuated by the user to short-circuit the valve.

Dans cette forme de réalisation, selon l'invention un dispositif à palpeur 17 logé dans un canon support 22 et à moyens de renvoi modificateurs du régime de fonctionnement comportant un ressort supplémentaire 50 (présentant une raideur supérieure à celle du ressort de rappel 45), permet d'avoir un régime de dépression lorsque le palpeur 17 est libre et en surpression lorsqu'il est enfoncé sous l'action de la butée 311 du groin 3. Les moyens de renvoi modificateurs du régime de fonctionnement comportent également un levier 51 prenant appui contre un épaulement 52 réalisé sur la paroi extérieure de la chambre de commande 46, ce levier étant actionné à l'une de ses extrémités par le palpeur 17 et actionnant à son autre extrémité, réalisée sous la forme d'une fourchette, un curseur 53 interposé entre le ressort de rappel 45 et le ressort supplémentaire 50, par l'intermédiaire d'une tige baladeuse 54 reliant les deux branches de la fourchette et solidarisée à ce curseur 53; sur le plan pratique, le mouvement de la tige baladeuse est permis par des glissières réalisées dans les parois de la chambre 46. Ainsi, le ressort de rappel 45 et le ressort supplémentaire 50 sont placés en série entre la membrane manométrique 14 et la vis de réglage 48. Lorsque le palpeur 17 est libre, le curseur 53 est soumis à l'action des deux ressorts, et ceux-ci exercent sur la membrane manométrique 14 une fraction de la force totale exercée, au prorata de leur raideur respective; lorsque le palpeur 17 est enfoncé, le levier 51 comprime le ressort supplémentaire 50, et le ressort de rappel 45 intervient alors pratiquement seul à l'encontre du mouvement de la membrane manométrique 14. En conclusion, lorsque le palpeur 17 est libre, les deux ressorts 45, 50 sont en service et l'on a un fonctionnement en dépression, tandis que, lorsque le palpeur 17 est enfoncé par l'épaulement de butée frontale du groin du masque, le ressort supplémentaire 50 des moyens de renvoi modificateurs du régime de fonctionnement est mis pratiquement hors service, et, seul le ressort de rappel 45 agissant directement sur la membrane de commande est en service et l'on a un fonctionnement en surpression. L'embout peut comporter également des bagues supplémentaires permettant le branchement de l'entrée du micro-régulateur au masque, par exemple par vissage ou emboîtement.In this embodiment, according to the invention a sensor device 17 housed in a support barrel 22 and with modifying return means of the operating regime comprising an additional spring 50 (having a stiffness greater than that of the return spring 45), allows to have a vacuum regime when the probe 17 is free and overpressure when it is pressed under the action of the stop 311 of the snout 3. The modifying return means of the operating regime also include a lever 51 bearing against a shoulder 52 produced on the outer wall of the control chamber 46, this lever being actuated at one of its ends by the feeler 17 and actuating at its other end, produced in the form of a fork, a slider 53 interposed between the return spring 45 and the additional spring 50, by means of a sliding rod 54 connecting the two branches of the fork and secured to this slider 53; in practical terms, the movement of the wandering rod is allowed by slides made in the walls of the chamber 46. Thus, the return spring 45 and the additional spring 50 are placed in series between the pressure gauge 14 and the screw adjustment 48. When the probe 17 is free, the cursor 53 is subjected to the action of the two springs, and these exert on the manometric membrane 14 a fraction of the total force exerted, in proportion to their respective stiffness; when the probe 17 is pressed, the lever 51 compresses the additional spring 50, and the return spring 45 then acts practically alone against the movement of the pressure gauge membrane 14. In conclusion, when the probe 17 is free, the two springs 45, 50 are in service and there is a vacuum operation, while, when the probe 17 is depressed by the front stop shoulder of the mask snout, the additional spring 50 of the modifying return means of the speed of operation is practically put out of service, and only the return spring 45 acting directly on the control membrane is in service and there is an overpressure operation. The endpiece may also include additional rings allowing the connection of the input of the micro-regulator to the mask, for example by screwing or fitting.

Claims (11)

1. On the mouth of a respiratory mask mountable and removable connector comprising an interior chamber (11) adapted to communicate with the mask in the mounted position, a connector tubing to a source of respiratory gas under pressure (12), a flap (13) to permit or forbid the output of gas under pressure, manometric means (14) sensible to a relative pressure prevailing in the interior of the chamber (11) and control means (15, 16; 41, 42) of the said flap (13) for the manometric means (14), the connector being characterized in that it comprises a sensor (17) free or fixed depending on whether the connector (1) is dismounted or mounted on the mask, this sensor cooperating with modificator means of the regime of functioning (18; 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 45, 14) acting on the control means (15, 16; 41, 42) such that in a first position in which the sensor (17) is free, the modificator means (18; 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 45, 14) are adapted to form a regime of functioning at underpressure in which, in repose, the pressure on both sides of the manometric means (14) is identical and the flap (13) is closed, an underpressure on the face of the manometric means (14) in communication with the chamber (11) permitting the opening of the flap, and in a second position in which the sensor (17) is fixed, the modificator means (18; 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 45, 14) are adapted to form a regime of functioning at superpressure in which, in repose, the pressure on the face of the manometric means (14) in communication with the chamber (11) is higher than the pressure on the opposed face and the flap (13) is closed, the modificator means (18; 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 45, 14) comprising especially an elastic means (18; 50) on which the sensor (17) acts directly or indirectly while it is fixed by putting in place the connector at the mouth, the said elastic means (18; 50) cooperating with the flap (13), the superpressure formed by the introduction of gas under pressure acting on the face of the manometric means (14) in communication with the chamber (11) to close the flap (13) and guiding to an inoperative regime at superpressure, a diminution of pressure on the face in communication with the chamber (11) permitting the opening of the flap (13).
2. Connector according to claim 1, characterized in that the modificator means of the functioning regime comprise at least one elastic means (18) on which the sensor (17) acts directly, when the connector (1) is mounted on the mask, thus to actuate the control means (15, 16) to open the flap (13) for a functioning at superpressure.
3. Connector according to claim 2, characterized in that the elastic means (18) is a curved spring movable around a pivot axis (181).
4. Connector according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control means comprise a lever (15) fixed to a flap (13), and a stem (16) positively locked with a manometric membrane (14).
5. Connector according to claim 1, characterized in that the modificator means of the functioning regime comprise an elastic means (50), the sensor (17) acting on other modificator means (51, 52, 53, 54, 45, 14), to provoke the setting out of motion of the said elastic means (50) when the connector (1) is mounted on the mask, thus to open the flap for a functioning at superpressure.
6. Connector according to claim 5, characterized in that the modificator means comprise at least one return element (51) for the movement of the sensor to set the elastic means (50) out of motion, when the sensor is in the fixed position.
7. Connector according to one of the claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the modificator means comprise a movable slider (53) actuating the said elastic means (50).
8. Connector according to one of the claims 1, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the control means comprise a nozzle (41) terminating in the control chamber (42) limited at one side by a manometric control membrane (14).
9. Connector according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sensor is displacable in a supporting cylinder (22) to cooperate with a front stop (311) provided in the mouth (3) of the mask.
10. Connector according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises an inlet element (23) formed in the shape of an elastic collar with levers.
11. Respiratory apparatus provided with a connector according to one of the claims 1 to 10.
EP83400542A 1982-04-02 1983-03-16 Connector for a breathing apparatus, linking the mask to a gas-cylinder Expired EP0091843B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8205706 1982-04-02
FR8205706A FR2511252A1 (en) 1982-04-02 1982-04-02 TIP FOR RESPIRATORY APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING THE MASK TO A BOTTLE OF RESPIRATORY GAS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0091843A1 EP0091843A1 (en) 1983-10-19
EP0091843B1 true EP0091843B1 (en) 1987-05-13

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EP83400542A Expired EP0091843B1 (en) 1982-04-02 1983-03-16 Connector for a breathing apparatus, linking the mask to a gas-cylinder

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US (1) US4693242A (en)
EP (1) EP0091843B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58173565A (en)
DE (1) DE3371477D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2511252A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2511252B1 (en) 1984-12-07
JPH0428393B2 (en) 1992-05-14
EP0091843A1 (en) 1983-10-19
US4693242A (en) 1987-09-15
FR2511252A1 (en) 1983-02-18
JPS58173565A (en) 1983-10-12
DE3371477D1 (en) 1987-06-19

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