EP0770338B1 - Corps coiffant de casque - Google Patents

Corps coiffant de casque Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0770338B1
EP0770338B1 EP19960307674 EP96307674A EP0770338B1 EP 0770338 B1 EP0770338 B1 EP 0770338B1 EP 19960307674 EP19960307674 EP 19960307674 EP 96307674 A EP96307674 A EP 96307674A EP 0770338 B1 EP0770338 B1 EP 0770338B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liner
shell
cap body
helmet
expanded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960307674
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0770338A1 (fr
Inventor
Masato Tarumi
Takayuki Shimazaki
Tetsuya Ito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honda Access Corp
Original Assignee
Honda Access Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP27459095A external-priority patent/JPH09119012A/ja
Priority claimed from JP8193778A external-priority patent/JP3008262B2/ja
Application filed by Honda Access Corp filed Critical Honda Access Corp
Publication of EP0770338A1 publication Critical patent/EP0770338A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0770338B1 publication Critical patent/EP0770338B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/10—Linings
    • A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
    • A42B3/125—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam
    • A42B3/128—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam with zones of different density
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cap body of a helmet used by a rider on a motorcycle or driver of a motor vehicle and particularly, to an improvement in a cap body of a helmet including a shell and a liner made of an foamed or expanded synthetic resin fitted to an inner surface of the shell.
  • the cap body of such structure when it receives a shock force, disperses the shock force into a wide range by a high rigidity of the shell to reduce the pressure applied to the liner to the utmost, and absorbs such pressure by the compression deformation of the liner to exhibit a shock damping performance.
  • a shock damping performance it is a conventional practice to increase the thickness of the liner.
  • the shell is inevitably increased in size and thus, the cap body is also inevitably increased in size.
  • the foam lining is made up of two layers of which one is softer than the other. Optimally, the harder layer has a density of 45 to 60 kg/m 3 and the softer layer has a density of 15 to 25 kg/m 3 .
  • the inner layer of the foam lining is preferably softer than the outer layer.
  • a cap body of a helmet comprising a shell, and a liner made of a foamed or expanded synthetic resin and disposed inside said shell, wherein said liner is comprised of an outer liner made of a low expanded synthetic resin and an inner liner made of a high expanded synthetic resin disposed within said outer liner; wherein said outer liner has a specific gravity (pa) larger than 0.06133, said inner liner has a specific gravity (pb) smaller than 0.0648 and the ratio ( ⁇ a/ ⁇ b) of the specific gravity of the outer liner to the specific gravity of the inner liner is greater than or equal to 1.111.
  • the shock damping performance of the cap body can be enhanced without specifically increasing the thickness of the liner and thus while avoiding an increase in cap body.
  • each of the outer and inner liners is small in thickness alone and relatively easily deformed and hence, the outer and inner liners can be easily fitted sequentially even to the shell having an opening constricted, leading to an enhanced assembleability.
  • by preparing several types of inner liners having different inner sizes and combining outer liners having the same size several types of cap bodies having different sizes can be easily produced to contribute to a reduction in cost.
  • the specific gravity of said outer liner is preferably significantly higher than that of the said inner liner.
  • a good external force dispersing function can be reliably provided to the outer liner, and a good external force absorbing function can be reliably provided to the inner liner.
  • an outer size of said inner liner is set at the same value as, or at a value larger than an inside size of said outer liner.
  • the opposed-surfaces of the shell and the outer and inner liners can be brought into close contact with one another by a wedge effect of the inner liner on the outer liner, thereby preventing a looseness of the liner within the shell.
  • said liner includes a decreased-thickness section which is decreased in thickness toward a lower end of the liner, said inner liner is formed, at a lower portion thereof in a region of said decreased-thickness section, with an outward projecting stepped portion, and a lower end face of said outer liner abuts against an upper surface of said stepped portion, or is opposed to said upper surface of said stepped portion.
  • said liner preferably includes a decreased-thickness section which is decreased in thickness toward a lower end of the liner, a lower end of said outer liner is terminated at a location above a lower end of said inner liner in a region of said decreased-thickness section, and outer surfaces of said inner and outer liners are formed so as to be substantially continuous to each other.
  • a full-face type helmet H is used in riding on a motorcycle and includes a cap body 1 having a chin covering portion 1a located immediately below a window opening 2 in a front surface, and a shield 3 pivotally supported on left and right opposite sidewalls of the cap body 1 to open and close the window opening.
  • the cap body 1 includes a shell 4 made by an injection molding from a synthetic resin, and a liner 5 made of a foamed synthetic resin and mounted to an inner surface of the shell 4. Soft pads 6 are mounted to an inner surface of the liner 5 at suitable places. A chin belt 9 is riveted to the shell 4.
  • the/liner 5 is divided into a main liner 7 according to the present invention and mounted to an inner surface of a dome-shaped main portion of the shell 4, and a chin liner 8 mounted to an inner surface of the chin cover 1a in the shell 4.
  • the main liner 7 is divided into an outer liner 7a fitted to the inner surface of the shell 4, and an inner liner 7b fitted to an inner surface of the outer liner 7a.
  • the shell 4 and the outer liner 7a as well as the outer liner 7a and the inner liner 7b are bonded to each other respectively by an adhesive in a bonding area A in rear of a second ventilation bore 12 which will be described hereinafter.
  • a relatively low expansion ratio is applied to the outer liner 7a, so that the specific gravity ⁇ a thereof exceeds 0.0613.
  • a relatively high expansion ratio is applied to the inner liner 7b, so that the specific gravity ⁇ b thereof is smaller than 0.0648.
  • the specific gravity values ⁇ a and ⁇ b are set to satisfy ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1.111.
  • the outer size of the inner liner 7b is set at the same value as or at a value slightly larger than the inner size of the outer liner 7a.
  • PP polypropylene
  • A/EPDM/S acrylonitrile/ethylene-propylene-dien/styrene
  • PA polyamide
  • ABS resin FRP
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PS polyethylene terephthalate
  • the followings can be used as raw materials: PP, PS, a polyvinylidene chloride, ABS resin, PE (polyethylene), A/EPDM/S, PA and the like.
  • a single or a plurality of first ventilation bores 11 arranged laterally are provided in a front wall of the cap body 1 to penetrate the front wall, and a single or a plurality of second ventilation bores 12 arranged laterally are provided in an upper wall of the cap body 1 to penetrate the upper wall.
  • a shutter 13 is mounted to the shell 4 for opening and closing the first ventilation bores 11, and a control plate 14 is also mounted to the shell 4 and capable of selectively applying a dynamic pressure or a negative pressure of travel wind to the second ventilation bores 12 during traveling of the motorcycle.
  • the outer liner 7a and the inner liner 7b have no undercut provided at the inner surface of an lower opening and hence, the rapping after molding thereof is facilitated.
  • the shell 4 has an undercut provided at the inner surface of an lower opening, namely, the opening is slightly constricted and hence, in the case of the full-face type, the thickness of the side of the main liner 7 at a location to the rear is necessarily decreased toward the lower end.
  • a stepped portion 15 projecting outwards is formed at the lower end of the inner liner 7b, and the outer liner 7a is formed so that the lower end face of the outer liner 7a abuts against an upper surface of the stepped portion, or is opposed to the upper surface of the stepped portion at a very small clearance left therebetween.
  • the shock force is first dispersed to a wide range due to a high rigidity of the shell 4 and transmitted to the outer liner 7a.
  • the outer liner 7a is made of a foamed or expanded synthetic resin and has a specific gravity set a relatively high value exceeding 0.06133. Therefore, the shock force received from the shell 4 is further dispersed to a wider range while being suitably absorbed, and transmitted.
  • the shock force is dispersed and absorbed over two stages and hence, the pressure applied to the inner liner 7b is lower, and the inner liner 7b made of a high foamed or expanded synthetic resin having a specific gravity of 0.0648 effectively absorbs such pressure while being easily compressed and deformed.
  • the shock damping performance can be exhibited without specially increasing the thickness of the liner 2, thereby protecting the user's head against the shock force.
  • the reason why the specific gravity of the outer liner 7a is defined to exceed 0.06133 is that if the specific gravity is equal to or lower than 0.06133, the hardness of the outer liner 7a is too low and hence, a required external force dispersing function is not obtained.
  • the reason why the specific gravity of the inner liner 7b is defined to be lower than 0.0648 is that if the specific gravity is equal to or higher than 0.0648, the hardness of the inner liner 7a is too high and hence, an external force absorbing function is sufficiently not obtained.
  • each of the expanded PPs forming the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b has a relatively stable compression strength and hardness even at higher and lower temperatures. Therefore, in any of higher and lower temperature states, the outer liner 7a can exhibit an intended external force dispersing function, and the inner liner 7b can exhibit an intended external force absorbing function. As a whole, a good shock damping performance can be obtained.
  • each of the foamed or expanded PSs forming the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b can maintain a sufficient compression strength and a moderate hardness even at a higher temperature and on the other hand, the hardness of the inner liner is higher at a lower temperature. In the higher temperature state, good external force dispersing and absorbing functions can be exhibited, but in the lower temperature state, the external force absorbing function is less enhanced.
  • the low expanded PP forming the outer liner 7a has a relatively stable compression strength at lower and higher temperatures and can always exhibit a good external force dispersing performance, but the high expanded PS forming the inner liner 7b tends to be increased in hardness at a lower temperature.
  • the low expanded PS forming the outer liner 7a is excellent in external force dispersing function at higher and lower temperatures, and the high expanded PP forming the inner liner 7b exhibits constantly stable external force absorbing function at higher and lower temperatures. Therefore, as a whole, a good shock damping performance can be obtained in any of the higher and lower temperature states.
  • the expanded PP is high in deformation restorability, as compared with the expanded PS.
  • the outer liner 7a is first fitted alone to the inner surface of the shell 4 and bonded in the above-described bonding area A. Then, the inner liner 7b is press-fitted to the inner surface of the outer liner 7a and bonded in such bonding area A.
  • each of the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b individually has a small thickness and is relatively easily deformed. Therefore, the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b can be simply fitted even to shell 4 having the lower opening constricted, and the adhesive can be prevented to entering the second ventilation bore 12.
  • the inner liner 7b can exhibit a wedge effect to the outer liner 7a during press-fitting to bring the opposed surface of the shell 4 and the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b into close contact with one another, thereby preventing the looseness of the main liner 7.
  • the fitted portions of the inner and outer liners 7b and 7a are high in air-tightness, but since the first and second ventilation bores 11 and 12 are provided in both the inner and outer liners 7b and 7a, they serve as air vent bores, so that the fitting of the inner and outer liners 7b and 7a can be smoothly and tightly performed.
  • the second ventilation hole 12 in the upper wall of the cap body 1 extends in a direction of fitting of the shell and the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b and hence, during fitting of them, the three members 4, 7a and 7b can be easily and reliably fitted together at a fixed position by the previous insertion of the positioning pin 9 into the second ventilation bore(s) 12 from the side of the shell 4, as shown in Fig.2.
  • cap bodies 1 having different sizes can be easily produced only by preparing various types of inner liners 7b having different inside sizes and combining these inner liners 7b with outer liners 7a having the same size.
  • the stepped portion 15 projecting outwards is formed at the lower end of the inner liner 7b in a region of the decreased-thickness portion 7r of the inner liner 7b, and the lower end face of the outer liner 7a is located to abut against, or is opposed to the upper surface of the stepped portion 15, the individual thickness of the inner and outer liners 7b and 7a is not required to be extremely decreased and hence, a reduction in strength of the lower end of each of the liners 7a and 7b due to an excessive decrease in thickness can be prevented.
  • a helmet H in the second embodiment is also used for riding on a motorcycle and includes a cap body 1 which has an opened lower edge of a window opening 2, i.e., does not include a chin cover 1a as provided in the previous embodiment.
  • the liner 7 of the cap body 1 is divided into an outer liner 7a which is fitted to an inner surface of a shell 4 as is the main liner 7 in the previous embodiment, and an inner liner 7b which is fitted to an inner surface of the outer liner 7a.
  • the outer liner 7a is made of a low expanded polyvinylidene chloride
  • the inner liner 7b is made of a high expanded polyvinylidene chloride.
  • a rear wall of the liner 7 is provided with a decreased-thickness portion 7r decreased in thickness toward a lower end.
  • a lower end of the outer liner 7a is terminated at above a lower end of the inner liner 7b, and outer surfaces of the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b are formed so that they are continuous to each other and fitted to the inner surface of the shell 4.
  • a cap body 1 of a helmet according to the third embodiment has arrangement basically similar to that in the first embodiment, except that an auxiliary shell 20 is closely interposed between outer and inner liners 7a and 7b.
  • portions or components corresponding to those in the first embodiment are designated by like reference characters.
  • the auxiliary shell 20 is made by an injection molding from a synthetic resin similar to or different from a material for the main shell 4, but is formed at smaller thickness and weight than those of the main shell 4 and has a moderate flexibility.
  • the breaking of the main shell 4 cannot spread into the auxiliary shell 20, because the auxiliary shell 20 is spaced apart from the main shell 4.
  • the projection consuming much energy by breaking through the main shell 4 applies a compression deformation to the outer liner 7a, or breaks the outer liner 7a, and further strikes the auxiliary shell 20, thereby releasing a remaining energy.
  • shock force applied from the projection is dispersed into a wide range sequentially by the main shell 4, the outer liner 7a and the auxiliary shell 20, thereby weakening the pressure. Therefore, the shock force can be reliably absorbed by the compression deformation of the inner liner 7b made of the high expanded synthetic resin.
  • Fig.12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a bond portion 21 contacting with an inner surface of a main shell 4 is connected to a peripheral edge of an auxiliary shell 20 through an inclined portion 22 and bonded to the main shell 4 by a rivet or an adhesive.
  • the other constructions are similar to those in the previous embodiments, and in Fig.12, portions or components corresponding to those in the previous embodiments are designated by like reference characters.
  • the auxiliary shell 20 is reinforced in rigidity by the fact that it is coupled to the main shell 4. Therefore, it is possible to provide a reduction in thickness of the auxiliary shell 20 to contribute to reductions in thickness and weight of the cap body 1.
  • the inclined portion 22 of the auxiliary shell 20 is deformable upon application of an shock force to the cap body 1 and hence, does not impede the shock absorbing function of the outer and inner liners 7a and 7b.
  • Fig.13 illustrates a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which is of a construction similar to that in the third embodiment, except that a high-strength fabric made of an aramide resin fiber or the like is interposed between the main shell 4 and the outer liner 7a.
  • a high-strength fabric made of an aramide resin fiber or the like is interposed between the main shell 4 and the outer liner 7a.
  • portions or components corresponding to those in the third embodiment are designated by like reference characters.
  • the high-strength fabric exhibits a strong resisting force against the penetration of a projection and hence, the penetration resistance of the cap body 1 can be enhanced without little increasing the thickness of the cap body 1 and particularly the thickness of the main shell 4.
  • FIG.14 illustrates a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a helmet H according to the sixth embodiment has the basically same construction as in the first embodiment, except that a shell r of a cap body includes an outer shell 4a and an inner shell 4b superposed on an inner surface of the outer shell 4a.
  • a shell r of a cap body includes an outer shell 4a and an inner shell 4b superposed on an inner surface of the outer shell 4a.
  • portions or components corresponding to those in the sixth embodiment are designated by like reference characters.
  • the outer shell 4a and the inner shell 4b are formed of a material similar to that for the shell 1 in the first embodiment, but the thicknesses of the outer shell 4a and the inner shell 4b may be equal to or different from each other.
  • the penetration resistance of the shell 4 can be enhanced by cooperation of both the shells 4a and 4b. Moreover, such penetration resistance is higher than that of an integrated shell having a thickness equal to a total thickness of the shells 4a and 4b.
  • a shock force applied to the outer shell 4a is dispersed into a wide range sequentially by the inner shell 4b and the outer liner 7a, thereby sufficiently reducing the pressure and is then absorbed by the inner liner 7b. Because the shock force is absorbed in the wide range in this manner, the shock damping function can be enhanced without specially increasing the thickness of the main liner 7.
  • the materials for the outer and inner liners in the second embodiment may be also used for forming the outer and inner liners in the first embodiment and the other embodiments.
  • the materials for the outer and inner liners in the first embodiment and the other embodiments may be used for forming the outer and inner liners in the second embodiment.

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  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) comportant une coque (4), et un revêtement (7) réalisé en une résine synthétique moussée ou expansée et disposé à l'intérieur de ladite coque, dans lequel ledit revêtement est constitué d'un revêtement extérieur (7a) réalisé en une résine synthétique faiblement expansée et un revêtement intérieur (7b) réalisé en une résine synthétique fortement expansée disposée à l'intérieur dudit revêtement extérieur, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement extérieur a un poids spécifique (ρa) plus grand que 0,06133, ledit revêtement intérieur a un poids spécifique (ρb) plus petit que 0,0648 et le rapport (ρa/ρb) du poids spécifique du revêtement extérieur sur le poids spécifique du revêtement intérieur est plus grand que ou égal à 1,111.
  2. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une dimension extérieure dudit revêtement intérieur (7b) est établie à la même valeur que ou à une valeur légèrement plus grande qu'une dimension intérieure dudit revêtement extérieur (7a).
  3. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement (7) comporte un tronçon d'épaisseur diminuée qui a une épaisseur diminuée en direction d'une extrémité inférieure du revêtement, ledit revêtement intérieur (7b) est formé, à sa partie inférieure, dans une zone dudit tronçon d'épaisseur diminuée (7r), d'une partie étagée faisant saillie vers l'extérieur (15), et une face d'extrémité inférieure dudit revêtement extérieur (7a) bute contre une surface supérieure de ladite partie étagée, ou est opposée à ladite surface supérieure de ladite partie étagée.
  4. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement (7) comporte un tronçon d'épaisseur diminuée (7r) qui a une épaisseur qui diminue en direction d'une extrémité inférieure du revêtement, une extrémité inférieure dudit revêtement extérieur (7a) se terminant à un emplacement situé au-dessus de l'extrémité inférieure dudit revêtement intérieur (7b) dans une zone dudit tronçon d'épaisseur diminuée, et des surfaces extérieures desdits revêtements intérieur et extérieur sont formées de manière à être sensiblement continues l'une par rapport à l'autre.
  5. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre une coque auxiliaire (20) interposée dans un état de contact étroit entre lesdits revêtements extérieur (7a) et intérieur (7b).
  6. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un bord périphérique de ladite coque auxiliaire (20) est relié à une coque principale située la plus à l'extérieur (4).
  7. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un tissu à résistance élevée interposé entre les surfaces ajustées de ladite coque (4) et dudit revêtement extérieur (7a).
  8. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite coque (4) est constituée d'une coque extérieure et d'une coque intérieure (7b) superposée sur ladite coque extérieure.
  9. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement extérieur (7a) est réalisé en un polypropylène faiblement expansé, et ledit revêtement intérieur (7b) est réalisé en un polypropylène fortement expansé.
  10. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement extérieur (7a) est réalisé en un polystyrène faiblement expansé, et ledit revêtement intérieur (7b) est réalisé en un de polystyrène fortement expansé.
  11. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement extérieur (7a) est réalisé en un polypropylène faiblement expansé, et ledit revêtement intérieur (7b) est réalisé en un de polystyrène fortement expansé.
  12. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement extérieur (7a) est réalisé en un polypropylène faiblement expansé, et ledit revêtement intérieur (7b) est réalisé en un polystyrène fortement expansé.
  13. Corps coiffant (1) d'un casque (H) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement extérieur (7a) est réalisé en une résine faiblement expansée à base de chlorure de polyvinylidène, et ledit revêtement intérieur (7b) est réalisé en une résine fortement expansée à base de chlorure de polyvinylidène.
EP19960307674 1995-10-23 1996-10-23 Corps coiffant de casque Expired - Lifetime EP0770338B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP27458995 1995-10-23
JP27459095A JPH09119012A (ja) 1995-10-23 1995-10-23 ヘルメットの帽体
JP27459095 1995-10-23
JP27458995 1995-10-23
JP274589/95 1995-10-23
JP274590/95 1995-10-23
JP193778/96 1996-07-23
JP19377896 1996-07-23
JP8193778A JP3008262B2 (ja) 1995-10-23 1996-07-23 ヘルメットの帽体

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0770338A1 EP0770338A1 (fr) 1997-05-02
EP0770338B1 true EP0770338B1 (fr) 2002-09-25

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EP19960307674 Expired - Lifetime EP0770338B1 (fr) 1995-10-23 1996-10-23 Corps coiffant de casque

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EP (1) EP0770338B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69623901T2 (fr)

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CN105636469B (zh) 2013-12-06 2021-01-26 贝尔运动股份有限公司 柔性多层头盔及其制备方法
CN113907477A (zh) 2014-10-28 2022-01-11 贝尔运动股份有限公司 内成型转动头盔
US11033796B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2021-06-15 Riddell, Inc. System and methods for designing and manufacturing a bespoke protective sports helmet
US11399589B2 (en) 2018-08-16 2022-08-02 Riddell, Inc. System and method for designing and manufacturing a protective helmet tailored to a selected group of helmet wearers
CA3169309A1 (fr) 2018-11-21 2020-05-28 Riddell, Inc. Casque de sport recreatif de protection avec des composants fabriques de facon additive pour gerer des forces d'impact
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DE9212247U1 (de) * 1992-09-11 1993-04-08 F. M. Fallert Motor GmbH & Co, Motorrad-Sport KG, 7590 Achern Sturzhelm mit einer körpergerechten Polsterung und Vorrichtung zu deren Herstellung
JPH05287603A (ja) * 1992-04-06 1993-11-02 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd ヘルメット

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EP0770338A1 (fr) 1997-05-02
DE69623901D1 (de) 2002-10-31

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