EP0770151B1 - The process for mechanical treatment of woody products, the product thus obtained and its use - Google Patents

The process for mechanical treatment of woody products, the product thus obtained and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0770151B1
EP0770151B1 EP95922719A EP95922719A EP0770151B1 EP 0770151 B1 EP0770151 B1 EP 0770151B1 EP 95922719 A EP95922719 A EP 95922719A EP 95922719 A EP95922719 A EP 95922719A EP 0770151 B1 EP0770151 B1 EP 0770151B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
obtained according
material obtained
plants
fragments
xylem
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95922719A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0770151A1 (en
Inventor
Paolo Giampiccolo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KENIT Srl
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KENIT Srl
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0770151A1 publication Critical patent/EP0770151A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0770151B1 publication Critical patent/EP0770151B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/48—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on industrial residues and waste materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
    • D21B1/025—Separating pith from fibrous vegetable materials

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a process for the mechanical treatment of woody products from annual or polyannual plants, as well as the product thus obtained and its use.
  • the present invention concerns a process for the treatment of woody products, originating from the xylem of annual textile-fiber plants or cellulosic-fiber plants with the object to reduce the specific volume of this xylem, thus increasing the capacity and rapidity of absorption of pure liquids, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, etc., and to regulate and extend over time the release into receivers of whatever type of liquid that has been absorbed and of soluble substances possibly contained therein.
  • Fiber plants are classified according to two criteria:
  • Concerning classification "A” the class of the species relating to the present invention is that which refers to the species containing the textile fibers, or bark, on the inside of the cortical tissue of the stem.
  • textile-fiber species such as hemp, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, roselle, aramine, etc.
  • bast-fiber species and very often given the added designation of soft-fiber plants in order to distinguish them from leafy-fiber species like abaca , sisal, henequen, etc., known as hard fibers .
  • classification "B” this classification can refer indifferently to textile fibers, cordage fibers, textile woven and non-woven mats, fibers for making paper and fibers for other uses.
  • Xylem or woody part of the stem has the form of a cylinder hollow in sections that decrease from the base up to the top. It varies percentage-wise in relation to the other stem components according to the species and maturity of the plant, and can range between 50% and over 70% of the stem mass. Its thickness vanes considerably from the base - where it is particularly wide and developed - to the top where it diminishes until it becomes herbaceous.
  • xylem normally consists of fibers that are short, relatively broad and well lignified, arranged in the direction of the axis of the stem to form a continuous cylinder crossed by medullary rays.
  • US-A-5.316.150 discloses a method for treating herbaceous fiber producing plants in order to separate the longer outer bast fibers from the shorter woody innercore fibers.
  • the process for mechanical treatment of woody products from annual and polyannual plants including preparing xylem fragments from textile- or cellulosic plants in dry condition is characterised by the step of subjecting said fragments to the mechanical pressing in order to provoke the breaking down of the macroscopic structure and the destructuring of the vessels and medullar rays.
  • the pressed material retains the form of the mold in which it has been subjected to pressure and consequently one can have materials compressed in parallelepiped, cubic, cylindrical or whatever other desired form.
  • the material in briquettes can easily be reopened by using a very simple machine operating on the principle of a crushing jaw mill.
  • the volume increase takes place gradually when adding the soaking liquid and attains its maximum value with much reduced quantities of liquids.
  • For water for example, 0.5 kg water per kg kenaf core is adequate. Further additions of liquids will be rapidly and steadily absorbed.
  • the maximum value of water that can be absorbed by spontaneous soaking is 3-4 kg per kg of kenaf core at atmospheric dryness.
  • volume 1 1,5 0,5 10/13 - Wet fragments at max. water absorption 1 4/5 3/4 10/13 - Condition of plant dry kenaf core fragments Density Specific volume Dry material moisture real g/cm 3 apparent cm 3 /g real cm 3 /g atmospheric % absolute % Dry at civilic dryness - 8,3 - 16 19 Dry after wetting and drying - 5,5 - 43 78 Hyper-compressed 0,6/1,1 - 0,9/1,6 16 19 Dry fragments reopened after hyper-compression 4,5 - 16 19 Wet fragments on reaching max. volume 0,11/0,15 - 6,6/8,6 43 78 Wet fragments at max. water absorption 0,25/0,3 - 3/4 300/400 375/500
  • kenaf core as principal constituent of substrata, whether fertilised or not, for plant production in nursery and gardening or for vegetable-flower-fruit cultivation.
  • supercompressed kenaf core can absorb a quantity of water 3-4 times that of its weight and if suitable doses of fertiliser and micro-elements are added to the water, these are to a large extent absorbed by the walls of the vacua described earlier, remaining attached with bonds of a chemico-physical nature. The release of those elements is slow and controlled. Consequently, if the kenaf core - duly impregnated with suitable and specific fertilisers for plant cultivation is used as substratum, the nutritive elements, absorbed by the kenaf core, can be used for the vital needs of the plant for a long time - if not for their whole lifetime (annual plants).
  • the soaking water, or the fertiliser solution can easily be used again, or modified as the plant requires.
  • the substrata of supercompressed kenaf core if correctly processed with additives, constitute therefore excellent substitutes for traditional cultivation-substrata and they also offer the opportunity for new cultivation technologies in the sector of garden nurseries and vegetable-flower-fruit cultivation, with large savings in the cost of plants and operations as compared with traditional technologies.
  • kenaf core as litter for permanent stall-feeding animals (horses, pigs, cows, poultry and other small livestock).
  • Particularly kenaf xylem is suitable as fragmented litter material for animal breeding because of its high capacity to absorb liquids, its insulating characteristics, its softness thus avoiding the risk of wounding claws, even of newly born chicks of the farmyard avifauna and because of its high degree of elasticity and resistance to compacting, contrary to what happens in the case when wood shavings are used.
  • kenaf core litter can completely absorb disinfectants and/or preservatives which, apart from guaranteeing a better health of the animals, may allow (as already noted) a long-time use of the same litter, and this will favourably affect profit margins of the breeder since litter replacement costs can be very high, for instance in the case of breading chickens for their meat.
  • the internal surfaces of the vacua, the medullary rays and the vessels can reach twice the value in relation to that of core itself, and are definitely more accessible to possible liquids or gasses with which the fragments come in contact.
  • the superpressing technology according to the present invention provides profound advantages to the economics of producing paper pulps from xylem and chipped stems of textile plants, in general, and of kenaf core in particular, because:
  • the superpressing plant is in fact conceptionally simple as is illustrated in Figure 1. It consists of a silo with a flat base 1 of sheet metal of the type normally used in the corn industry. At the base of the silo operates a screw feeder which, whilst turning, transports the fragments to be treated to the central discharger. Those fragments, upon leaving the silo, are picked up by a system of transport by screw feeders 2 and will be moved to a loading hopper feeding a multihead hydraulic press 3. Each head is preceded by an introductory screw feeder, pushing the vegetable matter to be treated to an advance chamber that will dose automatically once the material has entered.
  • the actual pressing element consisting of a hydraulic cylinder, pushes the material into a shaped conduct which has sections that decrease in size towards the exit.
  • the narrow passage of the duct can be regulated by means of mobile walls operated by a pincer also this through hydraulic action.
  • the pincer By using the pincer, the effective pressure on the vegetables being processed can be brought to 100,000 kPa., thus regulating the desired destructurisation of fragments.
  • Energy consumption by the pressing operation is around 0.15 kWh/kg.
  • the material compressed into briquettes is removed by means of step-conveyors 4 and can be preserved indefinitely without any particular precaution. If for some particular use the superpressed material should be flaked, this flaking can be carried out directly at the exit of the pressing system with a breaker or jaw-crusher 5 or something similar; the energy consumption for that operation is negligible.
  • the whole plant can be operated automatically with a computerised program.
  • a continuously processing type is envisaged in which the vegetable material to be treated is transported by way of conveyor belts provided with banked conveyors with a fixed deflector or a continuous belt travelling towards a roller-pressure unit, preferably with rollers of the "pilgrim-process" type, the technology of which is well known in the steel industry. That technology is necessary considering the very high degree of volume reduction for which the conventional type of presses or calenders would not be suitable.
  • the compressed material at the outlet of the roller-pressure unit can be cut into briquettes by a cutting unit of the "travelling" type.
  • a flaked product can be obtained by moving the material to a jaw-breaker placed at the exit of the pressing unit or to a fixture with rollers shaped like clod-breakers or something similar, carrying out agglomeration prevention in a continuous operation.
  • the present invention concerns a new technology for the treatment of the xylem of annual or polyannual textile-fiber or cellulosic-fiber plants by greatly modifying the internal structure of the xylem by mechanical compression actions.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
EP95922719A 1994-07-01 1995-06-23 The process for mechanical treatment of woody products, the product thus obtained and its use Expired - Lifetime EP0770151B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM940436A IT1272317B (it) 1994-07-01 1994-07-01 Procedimento per il trattamento meccanico di prodotti legnosi, prodotto ottenuto e suo impiego
ITRM940436 1994-07-01
PCT/IT1995/000107 WO1996001337A1 (en) 1994-07-01 1995-06-23 The process for mechanical treatment of woody products, the product thus obtained and its use

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0770151A1 EP0770151A1 (en) 1997-05-02
EP0770151B1 true EP0770151B1 (en) 2000-10-11

Family

ID=11402629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95922719A Expired - Lifetime EP0770151B1 (en) 1994-07-01 1995-06-23 The process for mechanical treatment of woody products, the product thus obtained and its use

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0770151B1 (it)
AT (1) ATE196933T1 (it)
AU (1) AU2752495A (it)
DE (1) DE69519095T2 (it)
ES (1) ES2153038T3 (it)
IT (1) IT1272317B (it)
PT (1) PT770151E (it)
WO (1) WO1996001337A1 (it)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8310329D0 (en) * 1983-04-15 1983-05-18 Stewart & Sons Hacklemakers Separation of fibres from vegetable matter
FR2572014B1 (fr) * 1984-10-22 1987-05-15 Boucher Jean Claude Procede d'obtention d'un materiau moulable ou extrudable a base de materiaux combustibles provenant de la recuperation notamment d'ordures menageres et materiau ainsi obtenu
US5366520A (en) * 1992-07-28 1994-11-22 Eric Tiemeyer Filtration fuel apparatus and method
US5316150A (en) * 1993-03-02 1994-05-31 Gordon Fisher Fiber separation process
DE4311181A1 (de) * 1993-04-06 1994-10-13 Kuhne Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formkörpern aus verschmutzten thermoplastischen Abfallstoffen zur energetischen Verwertung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRM940436A1 (it) 1996-01-01
ES2153038T3 (es) 2001-02-16
EP0770151A1 (en) 1997-05-02
AU2752495A (en) 1996-01-25
ATE196933T1 (de) 2000-10-15
ITRM940436A0 (it) 1994-07-01
WO1996001337A1 (en) 1996-01-18
DE69519095D1 (de) 2000-11-16
DE69519095T2 (de) 2001-02-15
PT770151E (pt) 2001-01-31
IT1272317B (it) 1997-06-16

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